地理英语词汇
英语词汇库{英语专题分类词汇(地理Geography)}讲课讲稿
戈洛博翻译-英语词汇库英语专题分类词汇（地理Geography）1.General Terms 一般词汇：physical geography自然地理；economic geography经济地理；geopolitics地理政治论；geology地理学；ethnography民族志；cosmography宇宙志；cosmology宇宙论；toponymy 地名学；oceanography海洋学；meteorology气象学；orography山志学；hydroaraphy水文学；vegetation植被；relief地形/地貌；climate气候；earth地球/大地；Universe/cosmos 宇宙；world世界；globe地球仪；earth/globe地壳；continent大陆；terra firma陆地；coast海岸；archipelago群岛；peninsula半岛；island岛；plain平原；valley谷地；meadow（小）草原；prairie（大）草原；lake湖泊；pond池塘；marsh/bog/swamp沼泽；small lake小湖；lagoon泻湖；moor/moorland荒原；desert沙漠；dune沙丘；oasis绿洲；savanna（南美）大草原；virgin forest 原始森林；steppe大草原；tundra冻原。
2.Cartography 地图绘制法：map 地图；map of the world 世界地图；planisphere 平面地形图；wall map/skeleton map 挂图；skeleton map 示意图；map/plan/chart 平面图；atlas 地图集；chart 海图；cadastre 地籍薄；topography 测绘学；photogrammetry 摄影测量学；world political 世界政区；world physical 世界地形；world communication 世界交通；world time zone 世界时区；geomorphy地貌；scale 比例尺；legend 图例；city map 城市图；populated localitied 居民点；capital 首都/首府；capital of first-order political unit 一级行政中心；main city/major city 主要城市；common city 一般城市；village村；town 镇/乡；city boundary市界；boundary境界；continental boundary洲界；international boundary 国界；undefined international boundary 未定国界；regional boundary 地区界；boundary or first-order political unit一级政区界；communication 交通；railroad/railway 铁路；expressway/motorway 高速公路；highway 公路；shipping route 航海线；airport 机场；port 港口；stream system 水系；river 河流；waterfall 瀑布；salt lake咸水湖/盐湖；lake 湖泊；seasonal lake 时令湖；seasonal river 时令河；reservoir 水库；dam水坝；water pipe line 输水管；well 井；spring 泉；hot spring 温泉；swamp 沼泽；desert 沙漠；peak 山峰；volcano 火山；coral reefs 珊瑚礁；historic site 古迹；pass山口/关隘；the great wall 长城；pyramid 金字塔；magnetic pole 地磁极；city blocks城市街区；main street/major street主要街道；secondary street次要街道；important building 重要建筑物；building 独立建筑；college or university 高等院校；national park 国家公园；military installation 军用设施；space centre or scientificresearch centre 航天或科研中心；lighthouse 灯塔；monument 纪念碑；stadium 体育场；gymnasium 体育馆；park公园；bridge 桥梁；green land 绿地；cemetery 墓地。
地理相关英语词汇(1)
地理相关英语词汇（1）一、基础词汇1. 地球（Earth）：我们生活的星球，位于太阳系中的第三颗行星。
2. 大陆（Continent）：地球上面积较大的陆地，如亚洲、非洲、北美洲等。
3. 海洋（Ocean）：地球上广阔的盐水区域，如太平洋、大西洋、印度洋等。
4. 国家（Country）：具有独立政治实体和固定领土的区域。
5. 地图（Map）：展示地球表面或某一区域的图形表示。
6. 河流（River）：地表自然水流，通常由源头流向海洋或湖泊。
7. 山脉（Mountain Range）：一系列相连的山峰，如喜马拉雅山脉、阿尔卑斯山脉等。
8. 气候（Climate）：一个地区长期的天气状况和大气现象。
9. 生态系统（Ecosystem）：生物与非生物环境相互作用的一个自然系统。
10. 自然资源（Natural Resources）：自然界中人类可以利用的物质和能量，如水、土地、矿产等。
二、地形地貌词汇1. 高原（Plateau）：相对平坦且海拔较高的地区，如青藏高原。
2. 平原（Plain）：地势低平，起伏较小的地区，如华北平原。
3. 山峰（Mountain）：地形高耸，尖锐或圆形的陆地部分。
4. 峡谷（Canyon）：河流长期侵蚀形成的深而狭窄的地形。
5. 沙漠（Desert）：降水量极少的地区，地表覆盖沙子或石块。
6. 湖泊（Lake）：位于陆地上的淡水或咸水水域，如青海湖、洞庭湖等。
7. 沼泽（Marsh）：土壤水分饱和，生长有特殊植被的地区。
三、地理现象词汇1. 地震（Earthquake）：地球表层快速释放能量，导致地面震动的一种自然现象。
2. 火山爆发（Volcanic Eruption）：地球内部岩浆喷发到地表的现象。
4. 洪水（Flood）：河流、湖泊水位急剧上涨，淹没周边地区的一种自然现象。
5. 干旱（Drought）：长时间无降水或降水量明显减少，导致土壤水分不足的现象。
四、地理学术词汇1. 地理信息系统（GIS）：一种用于捕捉、存储、分析和管理地理空间数据的系统。
地理专业英语词汇
rejuvenation
相关沉积
地壳均衡
新构造运动
构造地貌学
丹霞地貌
构造高原
构造阶地
单面山
方山
猪背脊
线形现象
断层崖
断层线崖
断层三角面
correlated sediments
isostasy
neotectonic movement
structural geomorphology, tectonic geomorphology
slope
坡度
基岩
地貌过程
侵蚀[作用]
雨滴侵蚀
剥蚀[作用]
刻蚀
溶蚀
冲刷
片蚀
溯源侵蚀
下切侵蚀
侧[向侵]
slope, gradient
bedrock
geomorphological process
erosion
raindrop erosion
denudation
corrasion
corrosion
wash, erosion
normal landform
inverted landform
inversion of landform
erosional landform
planation surface
peneplain
denudation suface
erosion surface
pediment
pediplain
summit plane
“Danxia” landform
structural plateau
structural terrace
cuesta(西）
专业地理英语单词
专业地理英语单词专业地理英语单词汇总英语单词的产生是汉英两种语言双向交流的产物，一些带有中国特色的名称和概念进入了英语词汇，同时还有一些英语词汇进入了汉语，在文化环境中衍生出新的含义，形成了英语词汇的语义文化特征。
下面是店铺为大家整理的专业地理英语单词汇总，欢迎大家分享。
geography地理geographer地理学家hemisphere半球meridian子午线，经线parallel平行圈，纬线latitude经度longitude精度elevation海拔altitude高度temperatelatitudes温带地区horizon地平线equator赤道tropics热带地区Arctic北极Antarctic(Antarctica)南极expedition探险timezone时区topography地形，地形学plain平原plateau(highland)高地lowland低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴terrain地域subterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地区island岛屿continentalisland大陆岛volcanicisland火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛continent大陆continentalshelf大陆架ranges山脉valley峡谷canyon峡谷channel(strait)海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的，陆地的terrestrialheat(geothermal)地热terrestrialmagnetism(geomagnetism)地磁continentaldrift大陆漂移学说sea-floorspreading海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度oceanbottom海床sediment沉淀物，沉积物tropical热带的'temperate温带的frigid寒带的formation形成frostheaving冻胀现象fieldstone卵石physicalgeography自然地理economicgeography经济地理geopolitics地理政治论ethnography民族志cosmography宇宙志cosmology宇宙论geology地理学toponymy地名学oceanography海洋学meteorology气象学orography山志学hydroaraphy水文学vegetation植被relief地形,地貌climate气候Earth地球,大地Universe,cosmos宇宙world世界globe地球仪earth,globe地壳continent大陆terrafirma陆地coast海岸archipelago群岛peninsula半岛island岛plain平原valley谷地meadow(小)草原prairie(大)草原lake湖泊pond池塘marsh,bog,swamp沼泽smalllake小湖lagoon泻湖moor,moorland荒原desert沙漠dune沙丘oasis绿洲savanna,savannah(南美)大草原virginforest原始森林steppe大草原tundra冻原ahorizon腐殖堆积层aalava块熔岩abandonedfield撩荒地abandonedlands撩荒地abandonedmine废弃矿山abandonedshoreline旧岸线aberration像差abiogenesis自然发生abioticfactor非生物因素ablation水蚀ablationmoraine消融冰碛abnormality反常aboriginal土着的abrasion海蚀abrasionplatform浪蚀台地abrasionshore浪蚀海岸abrasionsurface浪蚀面abrasionterrace海蚀阶地abrasive研磨剂abruptslope陡坡abrupttexturalchange质地突变abscissa横坐标absoluteage绝对年龄absoluteagedetermination绝对年代测定absoluteageofgroundwater地下水绝对年龄absolutealtitude绝对高度absoluteamplitude绝对振幅absolutechronology绝对年代absoluteconvergence绝对收敛absolutedating绝对年代测定absoluteerror绝对误差absoluteextremes绝对极值absolutegeochronology绝对地质年代学拓展：关于地理与地貌的英语句子1. Geographically, this country is located in the northern hemisphere.在地理上，这个国家位于北半球。
完整版地理专业英语词汇
1地理学总论地理学一致地理学一般地理学系统地理学地区地理学理论地理学应用地理学元地理学地文学地质学古地理学地理学系统地理环境geographyunified geography general geography systematic geography regional geography theoretical geography applied geography metageography physiography chorography paleogeogpraphy geographical system geographical environment地理因子地理过程地理散布地理界限地理综合地理观察综合观察地区剖析地区分异生计空间生计承载能力环境决定论灾变论地球地球表面geographical factors geographical process geographical distribution geographical boundary geographical synthesis geographical survey integrated survey regional analysis regional differentiation living spacelife-carrying capacity environmental determinism catastrophe theoryearthearth surface地球表层地理系统地理圈景观圈岩石圈水圈大气圈土壤圈生物圈地圈智能圈技术圈北半球南半球地球体epigeosphere geosystem geographical sphere landscape sphere lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere pedosphere biosphere geosphere noonsphere technosphere northern hemisphere southern hemisphere geoid地理纬度地理经度北极南极极圈北回归线南回归线赤道时区日界限极昼极夜洲大陆洋latitudelongitudeNorth PoleSouth PoleArctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn equatortime zonedate linepolar daypolar night continentoceansea内地inland地理单元geographical unit 区划regionalization 带belt地带zone地区region地区area小区district2自然地理学自然地理学综合自然地理学一般自然地理学自然综合体地区自然综合体自然地理过程自然生产潜力进展因素残留因素三维地带性水平川带垂直地带地带性physical geography integrated physical geography general physical geography natural complexterritorial natural complex physical geographic process natural potential productivity progressive factorrelic factorthree dimension zonality horizontal zonevertical zonezonality非地带性水平川带性垂直地带性地方性坡向阳坡阴坡azonality horizontal zonality vertical zonality localityexposureadret, sunny slope ubac, shady slope山体效应Massenerhebungseffekt(德）,综合自然区划integrated physicogeographicalregionalization雪带nival belt亚雪带subnival belt高峰alpine亚高峰subalpine山地mountains荒漠荒漠化荒漠岩漠砾漠泥漠盐漠沙漠绿洲景观学景观相自然景观土地desert desertification sandy desert rocky desert gravel desert argillaceous desert salt desertgobioasislandscape science landscapefaciesnatural landscape land土地系统land system土地分类land classification土地种类land type土地单元land unit土地因素land element土地刻面land facet刻面结合体facet combination土地属性terrain characteristics 生态地理学ecogeography地生态学geoecology景观生态学landscape ecology 生态系统ecosystem生态均衡ecological balance生态地区ecoregion生态小区ecodistict生态地段生态区生态点自然资源可重生资源非可重生资源灾祸地理学自然灾祸ecosectionecotopeecositenatural resources renewable resources nonrenewable resources hazard geography natural hazard3地貌学地貌学地貌地貌年月学地貌成因地貌形成作用天气地貌学动力地貌学地貌量计学人工地貌平原低地高地丘陵山山脉岭峰山麓半岛岛屿群岛海峡地峡海拔（高度）相对高度山嘴盆地山间盆地geomorphologylandformgeomorphochronology geomorphogenesis, landform genesis landform forming processclimatic geomorphologydynamic geomorphology geomorphometryanthropogenic landformsplainlowlandhighlandhillmountainmountain range, mountain chain range, ridgepeak, mountpiedmontpeninsulaislandarchipelagostraitisthmusaltitude, height above sea level relative heightmountain spurbasinintermountain basin山间盆地山岳崖山麓平原高原峡谷谷沟谷冲沟山形山志阶地台地凹地坡地坡度基岩地貌过程侵害 [作用 ]雨滴侵害剥蚀 [作用 ]刻蚀溶蚀冲洗片蚀溯源侵害下切侵害侧[向侵 ]intermountain basinmountain peakcliff, scarppiedmont plainplateaugorge, canyonvalleyravinegullymountain formsorographyterracetableland, platformdepressionslopeslope, gradientbedrockgeomorphological processerosionraindrop erosiondenudationcorrasioncorrosionwash, erosionsheet erosionheadward erosiondowncutting, incision, vertical erosion lateral erosion掏蚀undercutting侵害基 [准 ] 面base level of erosion总侵害基 [准 ] 面general base level局部侵害基 [准 ] 面local base level裂点knick point堆积作用sedimentation, deposition 聚积作用deposition, accumulation 聚积物deposit加积作用aggradation堆积相sedimentary facies地貌世代generation of landforms 地貌序列landforms series地形基面base level地貌组合landform assemblage正地貌positive landform负地貌negative landform正常地貌normal landform倒置地貌inverted landform地貌倒置inversion of landform刻蚀地貌erosional landform夷平作用planation surface夷平面peneplain准平面denudation suface剥蚀面erosion surface山麓 [侵害 ] 面pediment山麓侵害平面pediplain山顶面summit plane侵害循环erosion cycle回春作用rejuvenation有关堆积地壳均衡新结构运动结构地貌学丹霞地貌结构高原结构阶地单面山方山猪背脊线形现象断层崖断层线崖断层三角面断层谷断块山火山火山作用风化 [作用 ]物理风化 [作用 ]化学风化 [作用 ]生物风化 [作用 ]机械风化 [作用 ]差别风化 [作用 ]风化层残积土残积物残积层风化壳correlated sedimentsisostasyneotectonic movementstructural geomorphology,tectonic geomorphology“ Danxia ” landformstructural plateaustructural terracecuesta(西）mesahogback ridgelineamentfault scarpfault-line scarptriangular facettriangular facetfault valleyblock mountainvolcanoweatheringphysical weatheringchemical weatheringbiological weatheringmechanical weatheringdifferential weatheringregolithresidual soileluviumeluviumweathered crust正残积风化壳碎屑型风化壳硅铝黏土型风化壳硅铝碳酸盐型风化壳硅铝－氧化物－硫酸盐风化壳硅铝－铁质和富铝型风化壳剥落页状剥落块状崩落结壳作用块状崩落结壳作用盐屑堆盐屑锥orthoeluvial weathered crustclastic weathered crustsiallite-clay weathered crustsiallite-carbonate weathered crustsiallite-chloride-sulphate wea-thered crust siallite-ferrite and allite wea-thered crust exfoliation, desquamationexfoliationcrumblingincrustationcrumblingincrustationtalustalus cone山麓聚积坡积物坡水聚积物土体蠕动滑塌滑坡泥石流泥流岩崩流水地貌学流水地貌冲积物冲积层冲积锥冲积扇talusslope depositdeluviumsoil creepcollapselandslide, landslipdebris flowmudflowrock fallfluvial geomorphology fluvial landformalluvium ， alluvial deposit alluviumalluvial conealluvial fan洪积物洪积层洪积扇河床河漫滩汇水区流域分水岭辫状河曲流天然堤滨河床沙坝凸岸坝牛轭湖离堆山proluvium ， proluvial deposit proluviumproluvial fanriver bedfloodplaincatchment areadrainage area， basin waterdivide ， divide ， watershed braided streammeandernatural leveechannel bar， sand barpoint barox-bow lakemeander core， meander spur河流阶地河流袭夺河流错位河流偏移风口纵谷横谷风蚀吹蚀沙丘新月形沙丘流动沙丘固定沙丘半固定沙丘纵向沙丘river terraceriver captureriver offsetriver deflectionwind gaplongitudinal valleytransverse valleywind erosiondeflationsand dunecrescent dunemobile dune ， wandering dune fixed dunesemifixied dunelongitudinal dune横向沙丘抛物线沙丘蜂窝状沙丘沙垅风棱石风蚀脊沙暴风蚀坑风蚀凹地干盐湖基岩扇岛山漠漆岩漆漠盖层黄土黄土地貌黄土塬黄土梁黄土峁劣地咯斯特咯斯专门貌学咯斯专门貌咯斯特化溶斗溶蚀谷溶蚀盆落水洞溶沟transverse duneparabolic dunehoneycomb dunessand ridgewind-faceted stones， ventifact yardangsandstormblowout pitdeflation hollowplayarock faninselbergdesert varnishrock varnishdesert pavementloessloess landform“ yuan，”loess tableland“ liang，”loess ridge“ mao，”loess hillbadlandkarstkarstgeomorphologykarst landformkarstification dolinepoljeuvalasinkholekarren干谷竖井潜蚀作用洞窟聚积咯斯特平原峰林石林洞窟学假咯斯特类咯斯特泉华堆积石灰华海岸滨海岸地貌学dry valleyshaftunderground erosion cave depositkarst plainpeak foreststone pinacles speleology pseudokarst parakarstsinter depositiontufasea coastshorecoastal geomorphology海蚀作用海蚀龛海蚀洞海蚀台海蚀崖海蚀柱岬角岩滩潮滩潮汐通道潮沟舄湖三角洲河口湾海滩marine erosionwave-cut notchsea caveabrasion platformsea cliffsea stackcapebenchtidal flattidal channel ， tidal inlet tidal creeklagoondeltaestuarycoastal beach滩脊beach ridge滩脊 [型 ]潮滩chenier滩脊 [型 ]潮滩平原chenier plain沙嘴sand spit障壁坝barrier滨外坝off-shore bar尖[ 形] 滩cuspate foreland尖[ 形] 坝tuspate bar连岛坝tombolo陆连岛tombolo island沿滨泥沙流longshore drift海岸阶地coastal terrace， marine terrace 全世界性海面起落eustatic movement珊瑚礁coral reef岸礁fringing reef堡礁环礁大陆架大陆坡洋盆海隆海岭平顶海山海沟海渊barrier reefatoll continental shelf continental slope oceanic basin riseoceanic ridge guyottrenchabyssal deep4气候学天气学天气天气资源太阳辐射反照耀积温无霜期降水蒸发干燥度热水均衡风向风速天气灾祸旱灾水灾风灾雹灾湿害热害冻害冷害天气分类天气区划天气带天气区天气型赤道带热带climatologyclimateclimate resourcessolar radiationalbedoaccumulated temperaturefrost-free periodprecipitationevaporationaridityheat-water balancewind directionwind speedclimate damage， climatic hazarddrought damageflood damagewind damagehail damagewet damageheat damagefreezing damagecold damageclimatic classificationclimatic regionalizationclimatic zoneclimatic regionclimatic typeequatorial zonetropical zone亚热带温带寒带润湿天气干燥天气热带雨林天气萨瓦纳天气丛林天气草原天气荒漠天气苔原天气极地天气高原天气山地天气大陆度subtropical zone temperate zonecold zonehumid climatearid climatetropical rainforest climate savanna climateforest climatesteppe climatedesert climatetundra climatepolar climateplateau climate mountain climate continentality大陆性天气大海性天气地中海天气地形天气学地区天气地方天气小天气天气系统行星风系信风季风continental climate maritime climate Mediterranean climate topoclimatology regional climatelocal climate microclimate climatic system planetary wind system trade wind ，trades monsoon梅雨Meiyu, ， plum rain 台风typhoon寒潮cold wave海陆风sea-land breeze山谷风干热风焚风雨影天气变迁古天气历史天气年轮天气学物候学自然历城市天气城市热岛天气志mountain-valley breeze dry-hot windfoehnrain shadowclimatic change palaeoclimate historical climate dendroclimatology phenologynatural calendar urban climateurban heat island climatography5水文地理学水文地理学水文学水体水团河流学水利学水利经济学水化学丛林水文学都市水文学水文物理学古水文学土壤水文学hydrogeography hydrology water body water mass potamology hydraulics hydroeconomics hydrochemistry forest hydrology urban hydrology hydrophysics palaeohydrology pedohydrology水文形势水文过程水文测试流域形态流域分水线河流坡降河流等级闭合盆地河网密度总蒸发hydrological regime hydrological process hydrometry watershed morphology basin dividechannel gradient channel orderclosed basin drainage density evapotranspiration水均衡water budget，water balance 陆面蒸发land evaporation水面蒸发water surface evaporation分岔系数fork factor河源headwaters水道网支流过程线流量过程线切割瀑布水平降水水循环水量互换径流径流系数年正常径流量基流河床变形河流补给暴发洪水hydrographic net tributaryhydrographseparation of hydrograph waterfallhorizontal precipitation water cyclewater exchangerunoffrunoff coefficientannual normal runoff base flowriver bed deformation river feedingflash flood洪水流水过程层间流壤中流河流数量定律叠加定律流量坡面流洪峰流量产流汇流产沙率退水曲线径流模数产水量floodfluvial processes interaquifer flowinterflowlaw of stream numberslaw of superposition dischargeoverland flowpeak dischargerunoff generationflow concentrationrate of sediment production recession curverunoff moduluswater yield悬移质泥沙运动产沙量水位洪水位戒备水位水土流失水土保持涝暴雨径流输沙能力径流变率地下水文学承压地下水水力传导度suspended loadsediment movement sediment yieldwater stageflood levelwarning stagewater and soil losswater and soil conservation waterloggingstorm flowtransportability of sediments variability of runoff groundwater hydrology confined groundwater hydraulic conductivity入渗土壤水含水层自流水盆地深层地下水裂隙水地下水位矿泉地下河饱和带湖沼学湖泊水文学湖流水质湖泊富营养化infiltrationsoil wateraquiferartesian basin deep phreatic water fissured water water table mineral spring underground river saturation zone limnologylake hydrologylake currentwater qualitylake eutrophication人工湖盐湖咸水湖淡水湖结构湖层结湖季节性湖泊火山湖高峰湖游移湖热湖微咸湖干枯湖完整混和湖湖盆man-made lakesalt lakesalt-water lakefresh water laketectonic lake ， structural lake stratified lakeseasonal lakevolcanic lakealpine lakewandering lakewarm lakebrackish-water lakeextinct lakeholomixed lakelake circulation湖水环流湖泊蓄水量冰川补给积雪水文学融雪水文学融雪径流有潮河口无潮海波涛侵害地下水库水资源供水水能lake circulationlake storage alimentation of glacier alimentation of glacier snow hydrology snow runofftidal estuarytideless seawave erosion groundwater reservoir water resources Water supply hydropower6生物地理学生物地理学生物散布学生物散布散布区散布区中心散布区中断散布区型扩散中心残遗种区种群生物群生物地理群落生境biogeography chorology biochores arealareak center areal disjunction areal type dispersal center refugium population biota biogeocoenosis habitat小生境群落生境植物地理学植物区系生活型生活型谱水生植物湿生植物中生植物旱生植物指示植物指示群落植被植物群落群丛niche， microhabitat biotope phytogeography floralife formlife form spectrum hydrophyte hygrophyte mesophyte xerophyte indicator plant indicator community vegetationplant community association群系formation植被型vegetation type顶级群落climax演替succession针叶林coniferous forest泰加林taiga落叶林deciduous forest常绿阔叶林evergreen broad-leaved forest 硬叶林sclerophyllous forest照叶林laurel forest季[ 风] 雨林monsoon forest雨林rainforest红树林mangrove苔原tundra丛林草原forest steppe草原高草草原萨瓦纳普那高原草甸高峰矮曲林丛林上限树线动物地理学动物区系地理阻障动物传播华莱士线动物群落泛北极steppeprairiesavannapunameadowalpine krummholz upper forest limit timberline zoogeography fauna geographical barriers synzoochory wallace’ s line animal community Holarctic古北界新北界旧热带界新热带界东洋界澳洲界Palaearctic Neoarctic Palaeotropic Neotropic Oriental Australasian7土壤地理学土壤地理学土被土链土壤组合土壤复区土壤天气土壤资源土壤退化土壤侵害古土壤丛林土壤草原土壤荒漠土壤pedogeography soil mantlesoil catenasoil association soil complex soil climatesoil resources soil degradation soil erosion paleosoilforest soil desert soil desert soil高峰土壤幼年土壤成熟土壤顶级土壤灰化土棕壤褐土黄壤红壤砖红壤黑钙土栗钙土棕钙土灰漠土棕漠土high mountain soil young soil mature soil climax soil podzolic soil brown earth cinnamon soil yellow earthred earthlaterite chernozem chestnut soil brown soilgray desert soil brown desert soil盐土碱土solonchak solonertz8化学地理学化学地理学景观地球化学地球化学景观自成景观附属景观残积景观水上景观水下景观水成景观单元景观生源景观非生源景观大气迁徙水迁徙生物迁徙机械迁徙化学迁徙标型元素标型化合物标型离子化学剥蚀chemical geographylandscape geochemistrygeochemical landscapeautonomic landscapeauxiliary landscapeeluvial landscapesuperaqual landscapesubaqual landscapeaqueous landscape， aqual landscape elementary landscapebiogenic landscapeabiogenic landscapeaerial migrationaqueous migrationbiological migrationmechanical migrationchemical migration，physico-chemical migrationtypomorphic elementtypomorphic compoundtypomorphic ionchemical denudation10环境地理学环境地理学环境地球化学自然环境社会环境地区环境大海环境环境系统环境结构环境因素环境演化环境背景值环境异样环境自净environmental geography environmental geochemistry natural environmentsocial environmentregional environmentmarine environment environmental system environmental structure environmental element environmental evolution environmental background value environmental abnormality environmental self-purification环境容量景观伤害环境退化环境效应环境污染大气污染水污染土壤污染大海污染环境经济环境管理环境标准environmental capacity landscape damage environmental degradation environmental effect environmental pollution atmospheric pollution water pollutionsoil pollutionmarine pollution environmental economy environmental management environmental standard环境质量环境质量参数环境质量指数环境质量评论环境影响评论环境质量综合评论环境保护环境规划环境区划环境设计自然保护自然保护区自然资源保护生物质源保护水资源保护国家公园地面沉降公害公害病水悮病痛痛病environmental qualityenvironmental quality parameter environmental quality indexenvironmental quality evaluation environmental impact assessment environmental quality comprehensive evaluation environmental protectionenvironmental planningenvironmental regionalizationenvironmental designconservation of naturenature reserveconservation of natural resourcesliving resources conservationprotection of water resourcesnational parkland subsidencepublic nuisancepublic nuisance diseaseminamata diseaseitai-itai disease11 冰川学冰川学积雪粒雪粒雪化作用粒雪盆雪线吹雪雪崩雪蚀陆冰冰山冰川冰盖glaciology snow cover firn firnification firn basin snow line snow drift avalanche nivation land ice iceberg glacierice sheet冰原冰川化冰川作用冰川物质均衡融化区累积区冰川隙冰川地质学角峰冰斗U 形谷鼓丘羊背石冰擦痕冰川河流ice field glacierization glaciationglacier mass-balance ablation area accumulation area crevasseglacial geologyhorncirqueU-shape valley drumlinroche moutonnee glacial striaglacial stream冰下河流漂砾纹泥大海性冰川大陆性冰川极地冰川山岳冰川冰斗冰川悬冰川冰川变化冰川退却冰期小冰期新冰期冰期后subglacial channel bouldervarvemaritime glacier continental glacier polar glacier mountain glacier cirque glacier hanging glacier glacial fluctuation deglaciationice agelittle ice age neoglaciation post-glacial间冰期冷圈冷圈学interglacial period cryosphere cryology12 冻土学冻土学冻土融土季节冻土多年冻土高峰冻土冻土动力学冻土退化冻土进化geocryology,cryopedology frozen groundmelted soilseasonal frozen ground permafrostalpine permafrost permafrost dynamics permafrost degradation permafrost aggradation富冰冻土冻结层中水冻土相剖析冻融循环冻结指数融化指数零点幕成冰作用冰胶结冰分凝地下水冰透镜体冰含量冻胀冻胀力ice permafrost interpermafrost water permafrost phase-analyses freeze-thaw cycles freezing indexthawing indexzero curtainice formationcement icesegregated iceground iceice lensice contentfrost heavingfrost heaving force冰缘寒冻风化热喀斯特热喀斯特湖冰锲翻浆periglacialcryogenic weathering, frost weathering thermokarstthermokarst lakeice wedgefrost boil13沼泽学沼泽学沼泽盐沼草甸沼泽苔藓沼泽芦苇沼泽mire sciencemire, swampsalt marshmeadow marshsedge marsh,reed marsh, phragmites marsh藓类沼泽颤沼林地沼泽红树林沼泽海滨沼泽滩地沼泽阶地沼泽平原沼泽高峰沼泽山地沼泽沼泽形成过程沼泽水文沼泽植物低位沼泽中位沼泽mass bogquaking mire, floating mireforest marshmangrove swampcoastal marshfluvial marshterrace marshplain marshplateau marshmountain mire, upland miremire formation processmire hydrology, peatland hydrology mire plantfentransitional mire高位沼泽富营养沼泽中营养化沼泽贫营养化沼泽沼泽化沼泽生态系统沼泽率泥炭湿地raised bog eutrophic mire mesotrophic mire oligotrophic bog paludification mire ecosystem mire areapeatwetland。
地理基础英语词汇
附录：常用专业词汇表Aabiotic adj.非生物的ablation n.消融abundant adj.丰富的;充足的abyssal adj.深不可测的abyssal plain n.深海平原accompany vt.陪伴;伴随accumulation n.堆积作用acid rain n.酸雨acres lost each year n.每年失去英亩数administer vt.管理;实施;执行Adriatic adj.亚得里亚海Aegean n.爱琴海aerospaceplane n.航天飞机aerosphere n.大气层afforestation n.造林Agenda 21 n.21世纪议程aggregate n.聚集agricultural modernization n.农业现代化agricultural system n.农业系统agriculture n.农业air mass n.气团air transport n.水路运输air flows and air masses n.气流和气团air pollution n.空气污染airport n.航空港Allah n.（回教语）安拉,真主alluvial fan n.冲积扇alluvial plain n.冲积平原Alps n.阿尔卑斯山脉alternation n.改变;变更altitude n.高度Amazon n.亚马孙河Amazon Basin n.亚马孙平原anabatic winds n.上升气流风Andes Mountains n.安第斯山脉angular speed n.角速度Antarctic Area n.南极地区anticyclone n.反气旋aphelion n.远日点Appalachian Mountains n.阿巴拉契亚山脉aquatic n.水生的Aral Sea n.咸海(中亚西亚地区)arctic adj.北极的Arctic Area n.北极地区arctic maritime adj.北极海洋的（ma）arid n.干旱arid environment n.干旱环境arid zones n.干旱地带artificial island n.人工岛asthenosphere n.软流圈atmosphere n.大气圈，大气atmospheric pressure n.气压atmospheric motion n.大气运动atoll n.环状珊瑚岛；环礁atoms n.原子Australia n.澳大利亚Austria n.奥地利autumnal equinox n.秋分axis n.轴;地轴Azores high n.亚速尔高压BBaikal n.贝加尔湖balance n.平衡Balkan Peninsula adj.巴尔干半岛Baltic Sea n.波罗的海Bangladesh n.孟加拉国barchan n.新月形沙丘basaltic adj.玄武岩的basin n.盆地bayou/estuary n.河口bed width n.河床宽度Berlin n.柏林Biosphere n.生物圈biotic adj.生物的birth rate n.出生率births n.出生Black Sea n.黑海bluffs n.悬崖Bombay n.孟买Brazil n.巴西Brazilian Highlands n.巴西高原breast feeding n.哺乳喂养Brisilia n.巴西利亚Bruno n.布鲁诺buckling and faulting n.弯曲和断层Buddha n.佛Buddhism n.佛教Bulgaria n.保加利亚Burma n.缅甸CCalcutta n.加尔各答Cambodia n.柬埔寨Canberra n.堪培拉canyon n.峡谷Cape of Good Hope n.好望角carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳carbon monoxide n.一氧化碳Caribbean Sea n.加勒比海carnivores n.食肉动物cash farming n.商品农业Caspian Sea n.里海cattle n.牲畜cattle ranching n.牧牛Caucasus Range n.大高加索山脉celestial body n.天体changes in daylight and darkness n.晨昏交替Chicago n.芝加哥Christianity n.基督教chromosphere n.色球circle of illumination n.晨昏线cirques, aretes, horns andU-shaped valleys n.冰斗、刃岭、角峰和U形山谷clearing showers n.晴朗阵雨climate n.气候clockwise n.顺时针coast n.海岸coastal plain n.滨海平原coastal zone n.海岸带coastline n.海岸线cold current n.寒流cold front n.冷锋cold wave n.寒潮combustion n.燃烧comet n.彗星commerce n.商业中心commercial center n.国际贸易commercial route n.商业通道communication andtransportation n.交通运输commuters n.通勤者competition n.竞争components of populationchange n.人口组成的变化comprise v.包含；构成concentration n.集中condensation n.凝结condensation and lapse rates n . 凝结作用和递减率conduction n.传导conflict vi.冲突;争执congested adj.拥挤的coniferous adj.松柏科的；针叶科的continental adj.大陆性的continental crust n.大陆地壳continental drift n.大陆飘移continental shelf n.大陆架continuous adj.连续的controls on weathering n.控制风化作用convection n.对流convergence n.辐合cooperation n.合作Copernicus n.哥白尼core n.地核Coriolis force n.科氏力counterclockwise n.逆时针counter-urbanization n.逆城市化Croatia n.克罗地亚crude birth rate n.自然出生率crude death rate n.自然死亡率crust n.地壳crystal shape n.晶体crystals n.水晶cultivated land n.耕地cumulonimbus n.积雨云current n.水流;气流cut-off n.截断cyclone n.气旋cyclonic adj.气旋的cyclonic disturbances n.气旋的扰动Czech n.捷克人Ddairy farming n. 乳畜业dam n.大坝Danube n.多瑙河daytime sea breeze n.日间海风De revolutionibus orbium coelestium n.天体运行论Dead Sea n.死海Deccan plateau n.德干高原decomposer n.分解者deforestation n.森林砍伐degrading n.降低deindustrialization n.后工业化deity n.神,神性delta n.三角洲delta plain n.三角洲平原density n.密度deposition n.沉积depression n.低气压depression n.凹陷;凹陷处depression belt n.低压带descending plate n.下降板块destruction of the tropical rainforest n.热带雨林的破坏detritivores n.食腐动物, 食碎屑者developing world city n.发展中的世界城市dew-point n.露点diameter n.直径differentiate vt.区分direct solar radiation n.太阳直射disastrous n.灾难性的discharge n.流量discontinuous adj.不连续的distribution of arid and semi-arid environment n.干旱和半干旱环境的分布divergence n.辐散.diverse adj.不同的diversified adj.多样化的diversity n.多样性dolomite n.白云石downpour n.倾盆大雨downwind adj.顺风的drift n.漂流droplet n.小滴dry-hot wind n.干热风dune n.沙丘dwellings n.居住Eearth n.地球earth revolution n.地球公转earth rotation n.地球自转earthquake n.地震earth's axis n.地轴East Asia n.东亚ebb n.退潮ecliptic plane / earth's orbit plane n.黄道ecological service n.生态服务economic increase n.经济增长economy n.经济ecosystem n.生态系统effect of friction n.摩檫力作用Egypt n.埃与electromagnetic wave n.电磁波element n.要素elevation n.海拔ellipse n.椭圆England n.英国environment n. 环境environmental issue n.环境污染environmental logo n.环境标志environmental pollution n.生态破坏environmental protection n.环境保护equator n.赤道equatorial low n.赤道低压equatorial though n.赤道低压槽equinox n.春分;秋分erosion n.侵蚀establish vt.建立Ethiopia n.埃塞俄比亚Ethiopian adj.埃塞俄比亚的Euphrates n.幼发拉底河Eurasian adj.欧亚(大陆)的European Union(EU) n.欧洲联盟evaporation n.蒸发evergreen adj.长绿的Everest n.珠穆朗玛峰exchange of energy between earth and atmosphere n.地球和大气层之间的能量的交换exclusive economic zone n.专属经济区exploit vt.开采开发extensive farming n.粗放农业extinct adj.以熄灭的extragalactic system n.河外星系Ffactors of agricultural location n.农业区位因素factors of industrial location n.工业区位因素factors of urban location n.城市区位因素farming outputs n.农业产出farming inputs n.农业投入fault n.断层fertile adj.肥沃的fertility n.肥力；出生率financial center n.金融中心first quarter moon n.上弦月fish farming n.渔业fishing ground n.渔场flatten v.变平float vi.漂浮floodplain n.泛滥平原fog n.雾fohn effect n.焚风作用fohn winds n.焚风fold n.褶皱fold mountains n.褶皱山地formation of precipitation n.降水的形成formulate vt. 规划;设计fossil n.化石France n.法国freeze-thaw n.冻融；冻土－解冻frigid zone n.寒带front n.锋frontal surface n.锋面frontal rain n.锋面雨frost n.霜冻frozen soil n.冻土Fuji-san n.富士山full moon n.满月；望月fumes n.烟雾fungi n.真菌GGalaxy n.银河系gale n.狂风Galileo n.伽利略Ganges n.恒河gaseous adj.气体的general atmospheric circulation n.大气环流geological processes n.地质作用geological disaster n.地质灾害geological time n.地质时期geomorphy n.地貌geostrophic wind n.地转风Germany n.德国glacial age n.冰期glacial deposition n.冰川沉积glacial erosion n.冰川侵蚀glaciate vt. 使结冰;以冰覆盖glaciation n.冰川作用glacier n.冰川global circulation models n.全球环流模式global warming n. 全球变暖gobi n.戈壁gorge n.峡谷gradient n.坡度gradient wind n.梯度风granular n.粒状Great Rift Valley n.大裂谷Greece n.希腊Green revolution n.绿色革命greenhouse effect n.大气保温效应greenhouse effect n.温室效应Greenland n.格陵兰岛Greenwich Observatory n.格林尼治天文台Gross National Product （GNP）n.国民生产总值gulf n.海湾Gulf of Genoa n.热那亚湾Gulf of Mexico n.墨西哥湾gutters n.排水沟Hhandicraft industry n.手工业harmonize v.使协调一致heliocentric theory n.日心说helmet n.头盔hemisphere n.半球herbivores n.食草动物hierarchy n.等级high pressure n.高压highway transportation n.公路运输Himalayas n.喜马拉雅山脉Hokkaido n.北海道岛hollow adj.空的horizontal n.地平线housing problem n.住房问题how winds are steered in the upper atmosphere n.在大气上层风是怎样进行human and economic factors n.人文与经济因素humidity n.湿度humification n.腐殖化hurricane n.飓风hydroelectric adj.水力电气的hydroelectric power plant n.水力发电站hydrosphere n.（地）水圈IIce sheet n.（地）大冰原；冰盾；冰盖immigration n.迁进；外来居民impact n.影响increase v.增加Indian n.印度Indochina Peninsula n.中南半岛Indonesia n. 印度尼西亚Indus River n.印度河industrial concentration n.工业集聚industrial dispersion n.工业分散industrial location n.工业区位industrialization n.工业化industry n.工业infant n.婴儿infertile adj.不肥沃的innovation n.革新input-output system n.投入－产出系统intensive farming n.集约农业intermittent showers n.阵international adj.国际的international trade n.金融中心internet n.商业intervene vi.介乎于…其间ionosphere n.电离层Iran n.伊朗Iraq n.伊拉克irrigation n.灌溉；冲洗Islam n.伊斯兰教island arcs n.岛弧Island Shikoku n.四国岛isobar n.等压线isotherms n.等温线Israel n.以色列Italy n.意大利JJapan n.日本Java n.爪哇岛Jerusalem n.耶路撒冷Jordan n.约旦Judaism n. 犹太教Jupiter n.木星Jurassic adj.侏罗纪的，侏罗系的KKarst n.喀斯特地貌katabatic wind n.下降气流风Kenya n.肯尼亚Kepler n.开普勒Kilimanjaro n.乞力马扎罗山Kobe n.神户Kuwait n.科威特Kyushu n.九州岛Llabour n.劳动力lag time n.延迟时间lagoon n.泻湖Lake Erie n.伊利湖Lake Huron n.休伦湖Lake Michigan n.密歇根湖Lake Ontario n.安大略湖Lake Superior n.苏比利尔湖land n.土地land and ocean changes n.海陆变迁land and sea breezes n.陆地和海洋的微风land and water distribution n.海陆分布land degradation and desertification n.土地退化和沙漠化landform n.地形landforms produced by glacial erosion n.冰川侵蚀形成的地形landmark n.陆标;地界标landslide n.滑坡Laos n.老挝Latin America n.拉丁美洲latitude n.纬度layer n.层；圈层leeward n.下风Liechtenstein adj.列支敦士登的light-year n.光年limestone n.石灰石linear speed n.线速度lithosphere n.（地）岩石圈，地壳local wind n.区域风；局地风location n.区位logging n.伐木London n.伦敦Longitude n.经度Los Angeles n.洛杉矶low pressure n.低压low-latitude(tropical)weather systems n.低纬度（热带）天气系统low-lying adj.低的lunar year n.农历Mmacula n.太阳黑子Madagascar n.马达加斯加岛magma rock n.岩浆岩magnetic field n.磁场magnetic storm n.磁暴main factors and processes affecting population size and distribution n.影响人口大小和分布的主要因素和过程mainland n.大陆maintain v.维持;建立；majority n.大多数;过半数Makkah n.麦加Malay Archipelago n.马来群岛Malaysia n.马来西亚man-earth relationship n.人地关系manned spaceship n.载人飞船mantle n.地幔Mariana Trench n.马里亚纳海沟marine adj.海的；海中的maritime n.海洋maritime climate n.海洋性气候market n.市场Mars n.火星marsh n.沼泽massive adj.巨大的;大块的mean density n.平均密度meanders n.曲流mediterranean adj.地中海的Mediterranean Sea n.地中海Mediterranean zone n.地中海带Mekong River n.湄公河meltwater n.融雪水Mercury n.水星meridian n.经线mesa n.台地mesosphere n.散逸层、中间层metagalaxy n.总星系；宇宙metamorphic rock n.变质岩metamorphism n.变质作用meteoroid n.流星体midday n.正午middle and high latitudes n.中、高纬度Middle Asia n.中亚Middle East n.中东mid-latitude cyclonic belt n.中纬度气旋带mid-latitude weather systems n.中纬度的天气系统midnight n.午夜migration n.迁移military adj.军事的;军用的mineral n.矿物Mississippi n.密西西比河mixed farming n.混合农业mode of transport n.运输方式modern agriculture n.现代农业Moho n.莫霍面molecules n.分子monogamy n.一夫一妻制monsoon n.季风;雨季moraines n.冰碛morphology of the urban heat island n.城市热岛地形mortality n.死亡率Moscow n.莫斯科moss n.苔,藓mountain and valley winds n.山地和山谷风mountaineering n.登山mud-rock flow n.泥石流Nnationality n.民族natural resource n.自然资源natural zone n.自然带navigate v.航行;航海nebula n.星云needle leaves n.针叶Neptune n.海王星Netherlands n.荷兰New Delhi n.新德里new moon n.朔月new towns and green belts n.新城镇和绿带New York n.纽约newly rising industry n.新兴工业Nigeria n.尼日利亚Nile n.尼罗河nitrogen n.氮Noah's Ark n.诺亚方舟nocturnal land breeze n.夜间陆地风noise pollution n.噪声污染nomadism n.游牧non-commercial adj.非商业的North Asia n.北亚North Pole n.北极north-east monsoon n.东北季风Norway n.挪威noxious adj.有害的nuclear adj. (核)核子的;原子能的nuclear fusion reaction n.核聚变Ooasis n.绿洲Ob n. 鄂毕河oblate adj.（数）椭圆的；扁圆的；oblique adj.斜的occluded front n.锢囚锋occupy v.占据;占有ocean current n.洋流ocean ridges n.洋脊omnivores n.杂食动物optimum population n.最佳人口orbit n.(天体等)运行轨道organic substance n.有机物organism n.生物organization n.组织origin n.起源Osaka n.大阪outer core n.外地核out-migration n.迁出outwash n.冲刷overpopulation n.人口过剩overtaking v.超越ownership n.所有权;物主身份ox-bow lake n.牛轭湖oxygen n.氧ozone n.臭氧ozonosphere n.臭氧层Ppaddy field n.水田Pakistan n.巴基斯坦Pamirs n.帕米尔高原Pampas n.南美大草原，潘帕斯草原Panama Canal n.巴拿马运河parallel n.纬线Paris n.巴黎pastoral farming n.畜牧业pasture n.牧场penguin n.企鹅peninsula n.半岛perihelion n.对流层顶periods of growth n.增长的周期perpendicular adj.垂直的Persian adj.波斯的,波斯人Persian Gulf n.波斯湾Persist n.持续Pesticide n.杀虫剂phases of the moon n.月相photochemical adj.光化学的Photosphere n.日冕photosynthesis n.光合作用phreatic water n. 潜水；地下水physical factors n.自然因素pigment n.色素pipeline transport n.航空运输plain n.平原Planalto do Brasil n.巴西高原planet n.行星plantations n.种植plants n.植物plate n.板块plate tectonic theory n.板块构造学说plate tectonics n.板块构造plateau n.高原Pluto n.冥王星polar circle n.极圈polar continental adj.极地大陆的polar high n.极地高压polar maritime adj.极地海洋的（mp）polar night n.极昼Polar Plat n.南极高原polar region n.极区；极地pollutant n.污染物pollution n.污染pond as an ecosystem n.作为一个生态系统的水塘pools and riffles n.池沼和浅滩population density n.人口密度population distribution and change n.人口分布和变化population explosion n.人口爆炸population growth n.人口增长population policy n.人口政策population pressure n.人口压力population size and distribution factors n.人口大小和分布populous adj.人口密集的port n.港口precipitation n.降水量;雨量precipitation patterns n.降水类型pressure gradient n.气压梯度pressure low n.低（气）压pressure high n.高（气）压pressure-gradient force n.压力梯度力prevailing wind n.盛行风prime meridian n.本初子午线primitive farming n.原始农业prisere n.演替productivity n.生产力promote v.提升protection n.保护Pyramid n.金字塔Qquality n.质量Rrace n.种族radiation and sunshine n.辐射和日照railway transportation n.铁路运输rainforest n.热带雨林rainstorm n.暴风雨raw materials n.原料ray n.射线;光线reclamation n.开垦Red Sea n.红海relationship n.关系religion n.宗教residential area n.居住区resource n.资源revolution n.绕转;旋转;旋转一周revolution cycle n.公转周期Rhine n.莱茵河rice farming n.水稻种植业ridge v.使成脊；使降起riffle n.浅滩rill n.小溪Rio de Janerio n.里约热内卢river channel n.河道river's load n.河流搬运rock n.岩石Rocky Mountains n.落基山脉Roma n.罗马Romania n.罗马尼亚rotation n.旋转;旋转一周rotation cycle n.自周期Rotterdam n.鹿特丹runoff n.径流rural area n.乡村Rural Settlement n.乡村聚落Russia n.俄罗斯SSahara n.撒哈拉Sahara Desert n.撒哈拉沙漠Saint Petersburg n.圣彼得堡salinity n.盐分;盐度San Francisco n.圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）sand dunes in hot deserts n.热沙漠的沙丘sandstorm n.沙尘暴satellite n.卫星satellite town n.卫星城saturated vapour pressure n.饱和蒸汽压Saturn n.土星Saudi Arabia n.沙特阿拉伯Savannas n.热带稀树草原Scandinavia n.斯堪的纳维亚scary n.断崖scattered adj.分散的scrub n.灌木林seal n.海豹sea-level n.海平面seaport n.海港;港口都市seasonal variation in river flow :the regime n.河流季节变化：变律sediment rock n.沉积岩sedimentary deposit n.沉积物sedimentation n.沉积作用seismic adj.地震的semitropical adj.副热带的;亚热带的settlement n.聚落shallow beach n.浅滩shell n.壳side beach n.边滩sidereal day n.恒星日sidereal year n.恒星年signatory n.签约国silted up n.淤积sima n.硅镁层Singapore n.新加坡site n.地点situation n.位置sleet shower n.降雨雪Slovakia n.斯洛伐克slums n.贫民区socio-economic determinants n.社会－经济的决定因素soil n.土壤soil erosion n.水土流失soil profile n.土壤剖面solar activity n.太阳活动solar altitude n.太阳高度Solar Constant n.太阳常数solar day n.太阳日solar energy n.太阳能solar flare n.耀斑solar radiation n.太阳辐射solar system n.太阳系solid shape n.固态solid inner core n.固体内核solstice n.至日；至点South Asia n.南亚South Pole n.（地）南极Southeast Asia n.东南亚south-west monsoon n.西南季风space explorer n.空间探测器space shuttle n.航天飞机space station n.航天站sparse adj.稀少的sparsely adv.稀疏的,稀少的species n.种;类spin v.快速旋转;回旋split v.分开,分离spring equinox n.春分star n.恒星stature n.身材steppe n.干草原strait n.地峡;海峡Strait of Gibraltar n.直布罗陀海峡Strait of Malacca n.马六甲海峡stratosphere n.平流层；同温层structure of the air above the urban area n.城市地区上空空气的结构subduction n.俯冲作用subpolar low n.副极地低压sub-Saharan Africa n.撒哈拉以南的非洲subsiding n.下沉subsistence agriculture n.自给农业subsolar point n.太阳直射点subtropical high n.副热带高压sub-tropical highs n.亚热带高气压succession n.演替Suez Canal n.苏伊士运河Sumatra n.苏门答腊岛summer solstice n.夏至summit n.顶点sun n.太阳sunlight hours n.日照小时sunlit adj.太阳照射的superenergy electronicparticles n.高能带电粒子sustainable development n.可持续发展Sweden n.瑞典Switzerland n.瑞士Sydney n.悉尼Ttall grasses n.高草Tasmania n.塔斯马尼亚岛tectonic plate n.地壳构造板块Tectonic plate dirft n.板块漂移telescope n.天文望远镜temperate coniferous forest n.温带针叶林temperate deciduous broadleaf forest n.温带落叶阔叶林temperate deciduous woodland n.温带落叶林地temperate grasslands (steppe) n.温带草原（干草原)temperate zone n.温带temperature n.温度Tethys n.古地中海,特提斯海Thailand n.泰国the effect of city morphologyon radiation received at the surface n.城市地貌对地表接受辐射的影响theories of plate motions and oceans ridges n.板块运动和大洋中脊理论thermal n.热的thermosphere n.热成层；电离层third quarter moon n.下弦月Three Gorges Dam n.三峡大坝thunder n.雷thunderstorms n.雷暴雨Tibet Plateau n.青藏高原tidal size n.潮汐大小tide and the tidal cycle n.潮汐和潮周期Tigris n.底格里斯河till n.冰碛物time zone n.时区Tokyo n.东京torrents n.山洪total fertility rate n.总的出生率trade-wind n.信风traditional farming n.传统农业traffic problems n.交通问题transitional adj.过渡的transport n.交通运输transport line n.管道运输transport junction /transport network n.交通运输网transportation n.运输transportation artery n.运输要道treatment n.处置,处理;治疗treaty n.条约;谈判trench n.海沟tributary n.支流trophic pyramid n. 营养（食物）金字塔tropic n.回归线Tropic of Cancer n.北回归线Tropic of Capricorn n.南回归线tropic zone n.热带tropical continental adj.热带大陆的tropical cyclone n.旋风;飓风;气旋；热带气旋tropical disturbances n.热带扰动tropical maritime adj.热带海洋的tropical rainforest n.热带雨林tropical semi-arid n.热带的半干旱tropical year n.回归年tropicalplant n.热带植物troposphere n.对流层tundra n.(北极地区的)冻原;苔原tundra belt n.苔原带turbulence n.湍流Turkey Strait n.土耳其海峡typhoon n.(气)台风UUkraine n.乌克兰ultraviolet ray n.紫外线underlying surface n.下垫面underneath n.在…下面undernourished adj.营养不良的underpopulation n.人口不足United Nations n.联合国United States n.美国uplift n.上升upper mantle n.上地幔upstream n.上游Ural Mountains n.乌拉尔山Uranus n.天王星urban heat island n.城市热岛urban microclimates n.城市小气候urban planning n.城市规划urban problems n.城市问题urban road network n.城市道路网urban settlement n.城市聚落urbanization n.城市化urban-rural shift n.城市－乡村迁移utilization n.利用Vvaried adj.多变的vegetation n.植物vegetation cover n.植被覆盖Venus n.金星vernal adj.春天的vertical stratification n.垂直的分层vessel n.血管;脉管Vienna n.维也纳Vietnam n.越南views of population growth n.人口增长观点vigorous adj.有力的Vladivostok n.夫拉迪乌克托克volcano n.火山Volga n.伏尔加河volume n.体积Wwarm current n.暖流warm front n.暖锋warm front approaches n.暖锋临近warm sector n.暖区Washington n.华盛顿wash-load n.冲积物water circulation n.水循环water level n.水位water source n.水资源water vapor n.水蒸汽waterfall n.瀑布waterway n.排水道waves and tides n.波浪和潮汐weapon n.武器weather n.天气weather associated with a depression n.与低压有关的天气weather forecast n.天气预报weather system n.天气系统weathering n.风化作用West Asia n.西亚West Siberian Plain n.西西伯利亚高原westerlies n.西风带wet and dry tropics n.湿润的和干燥的热带whale n.鲸;捕鲸wind v.弯曲windward adj.上风的，迎风的winter n.冬天winter solstice n.冬至world distribution n.世界分布World Trade Organization n.世界贸易组织XX ray n. X射线xerophytes n.旱生植物Yγ ray n. γ射线Ztimezone n.区时。
地理基础英语-词汇
地理基础英语-词汇附录：常用专业词汇表Aabiotic adj.非生物的ablation n.消融abundant adj.丰富的;充足的abyssal adj.深不可测的abyssal plain n.深海平原accompany vt.陪伴;伴随accumulation n.堆积作用acid rain n.酸雨acres lost each year n.每年失去英亩数administer vt.管理;实施;执行Adriatic adj.亚得里亚海Aegean n.爱琴海aerospaceplane n.航天飞机aerosphere n.大气层afforestation n.造林Agenda 21 n.21世纪议程aggregate n.聚集agricultural modernization n.农业现代化agricultural system n.农业系统agriculture n.农业air mass n.气团air transport n.水路运输air flows and air masses n.气流和气团air pollution n.空气污染airport n.航空港Allah n.（回教语）安拉,真主alluvial fan n.冲积扇alluvial plain n.冲积平原Alps n.阿尔卑斯山脉alternation n.改变;变更altitude n.高度Amazon n.亚马孙河Amazon Basin n.亚马孙平原anabatic winds n.上升气流风Andes Mountains n.安第斯山脉angular speed n.角速度Antarctic Area n.南极地区anticyclone n.反气旋aphelion n.远日点Appalachian Mountains n.阿巴拉契亚山脉aquatic n.水生的Aral Sea n.咸海(中亚西亚地区)arctic adj.北极的Arctic Area n.北极地区arctic maritime adj.北极海洋的（ma）arid n.干旱arid environment n.干旱环境arid zones n.干旱地带artificial island n.人工岛asthenosphere n.软流圈atmosphere n.大气圈，大气atmospheric pressure n.气压clearing showers n.晴朗阵雨climate n.气候clockwise n.顺时针coast n.海岸coastal plain n.滨海平原coastal zone n.海岸带coastline n.海岸线cold current n.寒流cold front n.冷锋cold wave n.寒潮combustion n.燃烧comet n.彗星commerce n.商业中心commercial center n.国际贸易commercial route n.商业通道communication and transportation n.交通运输commuters n.通勤者competition n.竞争components of population change n.人口组成的变化comprise v.包含；构成concentration n.集中condensation n.凝结condensation and lapse ratesn . 凝结作用和递减率conduction n.传导conflict vi.冲突;争执congested adj.拥挤的coniferous adj.松柏科的；针叶科的continental adj.大陆性的continental crust n.大陆地壳continental drift n.大陆飘移continental shelf n.大陆架continuous adj.连续的controls on weathering n.控制风化作用convection n.对流convergence n.辐合cooperation n.合作Copernicus n.哥白尼core n.地核Coriolis force n.科氏力counterclockwise n.逆时针counter-urbanization n.逆城市化Croatia n.克罗地亚crude birth rate n.自然出生率crude death rate n.自然死亡率crust n.地壳crystal shape n.晶体crystals n.水晶cultivated land n.耕地cumulonimbus n.积雨云current n.水流;气流cut-off n.截断cyclone n.气旋cyclonic adj.气旋的cyclonic disturbances n.气旋的扰动Czech n.捷克人Ddairy farming n. 乳畜业dam n.大坝Danube n.多瑙河daytime sea breeze n.日间海风De revolutionibus orbium coelestium n.天体运行论Dead Sea n.死海Deccan plateau n.德干高原decomposer n.分解者deforestation n.森林砍伐degrading n.降低deindustrialization n.后工业化deity n.神,神性delta n.三角洲delta plain n.三角洲平原density n.密度deposition n.沉积depression n.低气压depression n.凹陷;凹陷处depression belt n.低压带descending plate n.下降板块destruction of the tropical rainforest n.热带雨林的破坏detritivores n.食腐动物, 食碎屑者developing world city n.发展中的世界城市dew-point n.露点diameter n.直径differentiate vt.区分direct solar radiation n.太阳直射disastrous n.灾难性的discharge n.流量discontinuous adj.不连续的distribution of arid and semi-arid environment n.干旱和半干旱环境的分布divergence n.辐散.diverse adj.不同的diversified adj.多样化的diversity n.多样性dolomite n.白云石downpour n.倾盆大雨downwind adj.顺风的drift n.漂流droplet n.小滴dry-hot wind n.干热风dune n.沙丘dwellings n.居住Eearth n.地球earth revolution n.地球公转earth rotation n.地球自转earthquake n.地震earth's axis n.地轴East Asia n.东亚ebb n.退潮ecliptic plane / earth's orbit plane n.黄道ecological service n.生态服务economic increase n.经济增长economy n.经济ecosystem n.生态系统effect of friction n.摩檫力作用Egypt n.埃及electromagnetic wave n.电磁波element n.要素elevation n.海拔ellipse n.椭圆England n.英国environment n. 环境environmental issue n.环境污染environmental logo n.环境标志environmental pollution n.生态破坏environmental protection n.环境保护equator n.赤道equatorial low n.赤道低压equatorial though n.赤道低压槽equinox n.春分;秋分erosion n.侵蚀establish vt.建立Ethiopia n.埃塞俄比亚Ethiopian adj.埃塞俄比亚的Euphrates n.幼发拉底河Eurasian adj.欧亚(大陆)的European Union(EU) n.欧洲联盟evaporation n.蒸发evergreen adj.长绿的Everest n.珠穆朗玛峰exchange of energy between earth and atmosphere n.地球和大气层之间的能量的交换exclusive economic zone n.专属经济区exploit vt.开采开发extensive farming n.粗放农业extinct adj.以熄灭的extragalactic system n.河外星系Ffactors of agricultural location n.农业区位因素factors of industrial location n.工业区位因素factors of urban location n.城市区位因素farming outputs n.农业产出farming inputs n.农业投入fault n.断层fertile adj.肥沃的fertility n.肥力；出生率financial center n.金融中心first quarter moon n.上弦月fish farming n.渔业fishing ground n.渔场flatten v.变平float vi.漂浮floodplain n.泛滥平原fog n.雾fohn effect n.焚风作用fohn winds n.焚风fold n.褶皱fold mountains n.褶皱山地formation of precipitation n.降水的形成formulate vt. 规划;设计fossil n.化石France n.法国freeze-thaw n.冻融；冻土－解冻frigid zone n.寒带front n.锋frontal surface n.锋面frontal rain n.锋面雨frost n.霜冻frozen soil n.冻土Fuji-san n.富士山full moon n.满月；望月fumes n.烟雾fungi n.真菌GGalaxy n.银河系gale n.狂风Galileo n.伽利略Ganges n.恒河gaseous adj.气体的general atmospheric circulation n.大气环流geological processes n.地质作用geological disaster n.地质灾害geological time n.地质时期geomorphy n.地貌geostrophic wind n.地转风Germany n.德国glacial age n.冰期glacial deposition n.冰川沉积glacial erosion n.冰川侵蚀glaciate vt. 使结冰;以冰覆盖glaciation n.冰川作用glacier n.冰川global circulation models n.全球环流模式global warming n. 全球变暖gobi n.戈壁gorge n.峡谷gradient n.坡度gradient wind n.梯度风granular n.粒状Great Rift Valley n.大裂谷Greece n.希腊Green revolution n.绿色革命greenhouse effect n.大气保温效应greenhouse effect n.温室效应Greenland n.格陵兰岛Greenwich Observatory n.格林尼治天文台Gross National Product （GNP）n.国民生产总值gulf n.海湾Gulf of Genoa n.热那亚湾Gulf of Mexico n.墨西哥湾gutters n.排水沟Hhandicraft industry n.手工业harmonize v.使协调一致heliocentric theory n.日心说helmet n.头盔hemisphere n.半球herbivores n.食草动物hierarchy n.等级high pressure n.高压highway transportation n.公路运输Himalayas n.喜马拉雅山脉Hokkaido n.北海道岛hollow adj.空的horizontal n.地平线housing problem n.住房问题how winds are steered in the upper atmosphere n.在大气上层风是怎样进行human and economic factors n.人文及经济因素humidity n.湿度humification n.腐殖化hurricane n.飓风hydroelectric adj.水力电气的hydroelectric power plant n.水力发电站hydrosphere n.（地）水圈……………………………………IIce sheet n.（地）大冰原；冰盾；冰盖immigration n.迁进；外来居民impact n.影响increase v.增加Indian n.印度Indochina Peninsula n.中南半岛Indonesia n. 印度尼西亚Indus River n.印度河industrial concentration n.工业集聚industrial dispersion n.工业分散industrial location n.工业区位industrialization n.工业化industry n.工业infant n.婴儿infertile adj.不肥沃的innovation n.革新input-output system n.投入－产出系统intensive farming n.集约农业intermittent showers n.阵international adj.国际的international trade n.金融中心internet n.商业intervene vi.介乎于…其间ionosphere n.电离层Iran n.伊朗Iraq n.伊拉克irrigation n.灌溉；冲洗Islam n.伊斯兰教island arcs n.岛弧Island Shikoku n.四国岛isobar n.等压线isotherms n.等温线Israel n.以色列Italy n.意大利JJapan n.日本Java n.爪哇岛Jerusalem n.耶路撒冷Jordan n.约旦Judaism n. 犹太教Jupiter n.木星Jurassic adj.侏罗纪的，侏罗系的KKarst n.喀斯特地貌katabatic wind n.下降气流风Kenya n.肯尼亚Kepler n.开普勒Kilimanjaro n.乞力马扎罗山Kobe n.神户Kuwait n.科威特Kyushu n.九州岛Llabour n.劳动力lag time n.延迟时间lagoon n.泻湖Lake Erie n.伊利湖Lake Huron n.休伦湖Lake Michigan n.密歇根湖Lake Ontario n.安大略湖Lake Superior n.苏比利尔湖land n.土地land and ocean changes n.海陆变迁land and sea breezes n.陆地和海洋的微风land and water distribution n.海陆分布land degradation and desertification n.土地退化和沙漠化landform n.地形landforms produced by glacial erosion n.冰川侵蚀形成的地形landmark n.陆标;地界标landslide n.滑坡Laos n.老挝Latin America n.拉丁美洲latitude n.纬度layer n.层；圈层leeward n.下风Liechtenstein adj.列支敦士登的light-year n.光年limestone n.石灰石linear speed n.线速度lithosphere n.（地）岩石圈，地壳local wind n.区域风；局地风location n.区位logging n.伐木London n.伦敦Longitude n.经度Los Angeles n.洛杉矶low pressure n.低压low-latitude (tropical)weather systems n.低纬度（热带）天气系统low-lying adj.低的lunar year n.农历Mmacula n.太阳黑子Madagascar n.马达加斯加岛magma rock n.岩浆岩magnetic field n.磁场magnetic storm n.磁暴main factors and processes affecting population size and distribution n.影响人口大小和分布的主要因素和过程mainland n.大陆maintain v.维持;建立；majority n.大多数;过半数Makkah n.麦加Malay Archipelago n.马来群岛Malaysia n.马来西亚man-earth relationship n.人地关系manned spaceship n.载人飞船mantle n.地幔Mariana Trench n.马里亚纳海沟marine adj.海的；海中的maritime n.海洋maritime climate n.海洋性气候market n.市场Mars n.火星marsh n.沼泽massive adj.巨大的;大块的mean density n.平均密度meanders n.曲流mediterranean adj.地中海的Mediterranean Sea n.地中海Mediterranean zone n.地中海带Mekong River n.湄公河meltwater n.融雪水Mercury n.水星meridian n.经线mesa n.台地mesosphere n.散逸层、中间层metagalaxy n.总星系；宇宙metamorphic rock n.变质岩metamorphism n.变质作用meteoroid n.流星体midday n.正午middle and high latitudes n.中、高纬度Middle Asia n.中亚Middle East n.中东mid-latitude cyclonic belt n.中纬度气旋带mid-latitude weather systems n.中纬度的天气系统midnight n.午夜migration n.迁移military adj.军事的;军用的mineral n.矿物Mississippi n.密西西比河mixed farming n.混合农业mode of transport n.运输方式modern agriculture n.现代农业Moho n.莫霍面molecules n.分子monogamy n.一夫一妻制monsoon n.季风;雨季moraines n.冰碛morphology of the urban heat island n.城市热岛地形mortality n.死亡率………………………………Moscow n.莫斯科moss n.苔,藓mountain and valley winds n.山地和山谷风mountaineering n.登山mud-rock flow n.泥石流Nnationality n.民族natural resource n.自然资源natural zone n.自然带navigate v.航行;航海nebula n.星云needle leaves n.针叶Neptune n.海王星Netherlands n.荷兰New Delhi n.新德里new moon n.朔月new towns and green belts n.新城镇和绿带New York n.纽约newly rising industry n.新兴工业Nigeria n.尼日利亚Nile n.尼罗河nitrogen n.氮Noah's Ark n.诺亚方舟nocturnal land breeze n.夜间陆地风noise pollution n.噪声污染nomadism n.游牧non-commercial adj.非商业的North Asia n.北亚North Pole n.北极north-east monsoon n.东北季风Norway n.挪威noxious adj.有害的nuclear adj. (核)核子的;原子能的nuclear fusion reaction n.核聚变Ooasis n.绿洲Ob n. 鄂毕河oblate adj.（数）椭圆的；扁圆的；oblique adj.斜的occluded front n.锢囚锋occupy v.占据;占有ocean current n.洋流ocean ridges n.洋脊omnivores n.杂食动物optimum population n.最佳人口orbit n.(天体等)运行轨道organic substance n.有机物organism n.生物organization n.组织origin n.起源Osaka n.大阪outer core n.外地核out-migration n.迁出outwash n.冲刷overpopulation n.人口过剩overtaking v.超越ownership n.所有权;物主身份ox-bow lake n.牛轭湖oxygen n.氧ozone n.臭氧ozonosphere n.臭氧层Ppaddy field n.水田Pakistan n.巴基斯坦Pamirs n.帕米尔高原Pampas n.南美大草原，潘帕斯草原Panama Canal n.巴拿马运河parallel n.纬线Paris n.巴黎pastoral farming n.畜牧业pasture n.牧场penguin n.企鹅peninsula n.半岛perihelion n.对流层顶periods of growth n.增长的周期perpendicular adj.垂直的Persian adj.波斯的,波斯人Persian Gulf n.波斯湾Persist n.持续Pesticide n.杀虫剂phases of the moon n.月相photochemical adj.光化学的Photosphere n.日冕photosynthesis n.光合作用phreatic water n. 潜水；地下水physical factors n.自然因素pigment n.色素pipeline transport n.航空运输plain n.平原Planalto do Brasil n.巴西高原planet n.行星plantations n.种植plants n.植物plate n.板块plate tectonic theory n.板块构造学说plate tectonics n.板块构造plateau n.高原Pluto n.冥王星polar circle n.极圈polar continental adj.极地大陆的polar high n.极地高压polar maritime adj.极地海洋的（mp）polar night n.极昼Polar Plat n.南极高原polar region n.极区；极地pollutant n.污染物pollution n.污染pond as an ecosystem n.作为一个生态系统的水塘pools and riffles n.池沼和浅滩population density n.人口密度population distribution and change n.人口分布和变化population explosion n.人口爆炸population growth n.人口增长population policy n.人口政策population pressure n.人口压力population size and distribution factors n.人口大小和分布populous adj.人口密集的port n.港口precipitation n.降水量;雨量precipitation patterns n.降水类型pressure gradient n.气压梯度pressure low n.低（气）压pressure high n.高（气）压pressure-gradient force n.压力梯度力prevailing wind n.盛行风prime meridian n.本初子午线primitive farming n.原始农业prisere n.演替productivity n.生产力promote v.提升protection n.保护Pyramid n.金字塔Qquality n.质量Rrace n.种族radiation and sunshine n.辐射和日照railway transportation n.铁路运输rainforest n.热带雨林rainstorm n.暴风雨raw materials n.原料ray n.射线;光线reclamation n.开垦Red Sea n.红海relationship n.关系religion n.宗教residential area n.居住区resource n.资源revolution n.绕转;旋转;旋转一周revolution cycle n.公转周期Rhine n.莱茵河rice farming n.水稻种植业ridge v.使成脊；使降起riffle n.浅滩rill n.小溪Rio de Janerio n.里约热内卢river channel n.河道river's load n.河流搬运rock n.岩石Rocky Mountains n.落基山脉Roma n.罗马Romania n.罗马尼亚rotation n.旋转;旋转一周rotation cycle n.自周期Rotterdam n.鹿特丹runoff n.径流rural area n.乡村Rural Settlement n.乡村聚落Russia n.俄罗斯SSahara n.撒哈拉Sahara Desert n.撒哈拉沙漠Saint Petersburg n.圣彼得堡salinity n.盐分;盐度San Francisco n.圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）sand dunes in hot deserts n.热沙漠的沙丘sandstorm n.沙尘暴satellite n.卫星satellite town n.卫星城saturated vapour pressure n.饱和蒸汽压Saturn n.土星Saudi Arabia n.沙特阿拉伯Savannas n.热带稀树草原Scandinavia n.斯堪的纳维亚scary n.断崖scattered adj.分散的scrub n.灌木林seal n.海豹sea-level n.海平面seaport n.海港;港口都市seasonal variation in riverflow :the regime n.河流季节变化：变律sediment rock n.沉积岩sedimentary deposit n.沉积物sedimentation n.沉积作用seismic adj.地震的semitropical adj.副热带的;亚热带的settlement n.聚落shallow beach n.浅滩shell n.壳side beach n.边滩sidereal day n.恒星日sidereal year n.恒星年signatory n.签约国silted up n.淤积sima n.硅镁层Singapore n.新加坡site n.地点situation n.位置sleet shower n.降雨雪Slovakia n.斯洛伐克slums n.贫民区socio-economic determinants n.社会－经济的决定因素soil n.土壤soil erosion n.水土流失soil profile n.土壤剖面solar activity n.太阳活动solar altitude n.太阳高度Solar Constant n.太阳常数solar day n.太阳日solar energy n.太阳能solar flare n.耀斑solar radiation n.太阳辐射solar system n.太阳系solid shape n.固态solid inner core n.固体内核solstice n.至日；至点South Asia n.南亚South Pole n.（地）南极Southeast Asia n.东南亚south-west monsoon n.西南季风space explorer n.空间探测器space shuttle n.航天飞机space station n.航天站sparse adj.稀少的sparsely adv.稀疏的,稀少的species n.种;类spin v.快速旋转;回旋split v.分开,分离spring equinox n.春分star n.恒星stature n.身材steppe n.干草原strait n.地峡;海峡Strait of Gibraltar n.直布罗陀海峡Strait of Malacca n.马六甲海峡stratosphere n.平流层；同温层…………………………………………structure of the air above the urban area n.城市地区上空空气的结构subduction n.俯冲作用subpolar low n.副极地低压sub-Saharan Africa n.撒哈拉以南的非洲subsiding n.下沉subsistence agriculture n.自给农业subsolar point n.太阳直射点subtropical high n.副热带高压sub-tropical highs n.亚热带高气压succession n.演替Suez Canal n.苏伊士运河Sumatra n.苏门答腊岛summer solstice n.夏至summit n.顶点sun n.太阳sunlight hours n.日照小时sunlit adj.太阳照射的superenergy electronic particles n.高能带电粒子sustainable development n.可持续发展Sweden n.瑞典Switzerland n.瑞士Sydney n.悉尼Ttall grasses n.高草Tasmania n.塔斯马尼亚岛tectonic plate n.地壳构造板块Tectonic plate dirft n.板块漂移telescope n.天文望远镜temperate coniferous forest n.温带针叶林temperate deciduous broadleaf forest n.温带落叶阔叶林temperate deciduous woodland n.温带落叶林地temperate grasslands (steppe)n.温带草原（干草原)temperate zone n.温带temperature n.温度Tethys n.古地中海,特提斯海Thailand n.泰国the effect of city morphology on radiation received at the surface n.城市地貌对地表接受辐射的影响theories of plate motions and oceans ridges n.板块运动和大洋中脊理论thermal n.热的thermosphere n.热成层；电离层third quarter moon n.下弦月Three Gorges Dam n.三峡大坝thunder n.雷thunderstorms n.雷暴雨Tibet Plateau n.青藏高原tidal size n.潮汐大小tide and the tidal cycle n.潮汐和潮周期Tigris n.底格里斯河till n.冰碛物time zone n.时区Tokyo n.东京torrents n.山洪total fertility rate n.总的出生率trade-wind n.信风traditional farming n.传统农业traffic problems n.交通问题transitional adj.过渡的transport n.交通运输transport line n.管道运输transport junction /transport network n.交通运输网transportation n.运输transportation artery n.运输要道treatment n.处置,处理;治疗treaty n.条约;谈判trench n.海沟tributary n.支流trophic pyramid n. 营养（食物）金字塔tropic n.回归线Tropic of Cancer n.北回归线Tropic of Capricorn n.南回归线tropic zone n.热带tropical continental adj.热带大陆的tropical cyclone n.旋风;飓风;气旋；热带气旋tropical disturbances n.热带扰动tropical maritime adj.热带海洋的tropical rainforest n.热带雨林tropical semi-arid n.热带的半干旱tropical year n.回归年tropicalplant n.热带植物troposphere n.对流层tundra n.(北极地区的)冻原;苔原tundra belt n.苔原带turbulence n.湍流Turkey Strait n.土耳其海峡typhoon n.(气)台风UUkraine n.乌克兰ultraviolet ray n.紫外线underlying surface n.下垫面underneath n.在…下面undernourished adj.营养不良的underpopulation n.人口不足United Nations n.联合国United States n.美国uplift n.上升upper mantle n.上地幔upstream n.上游Ural Mountains n.乌拉尔山Uranus n.天王星urban heat island n.城市热岛urban microclimates n.城市小气候urban planning n.城市规划urban problems n.城市问题urban road network n.城市道路网urban settlement n.城市聚落urbanization n.城市化urban-rural shift n.城市－乡村迁移utilization n.利用Vvaried adj.多变的vegetation n.植物vegetation cover n.植被覆盖Venus n.金星vernal adj.春天的vertical stratification n.垂直的分层vessel n.血管;脉管Vienna n.维也纳Vietnam n.越南views of population growth n.人口增长观点vigorous adj.有力的Vladivostok n.夫拉迪乌克托克volcano n.火山Volga n.伏尔加河volume n.体积Wwarm current n.暖流warm front n.暖锋warm front approaches n.暖锋临近warm sector n.暖区Washington n.华盛顿wash-load n.冲积物water circulation n.水循环water level n.水位water source n.水资源water vapor n.水蒸汽waterfall n.瀑布waterway n.排水道waves and tides n.波浪和潮汐weapon n.武器weather n.天气weather associated with adepression n.与低压有关的天气weather forecast n.天气预报weather system n.天气系统weathering n.风化作用West Asia n.西亚West Siberian Plain n.西西伯利亚高原westerlies n.西风带wet and dry tropics n.湿润的和干燥的热带whale n.鲸;捕鲸wind v.弯曲windward adj.上风的，迎风的winter n.冬天winter solstice n.冬至world distribution n.世界分布World Trade Organization n.世界贸易组织XX ray n. X射线xerophytes n.旱生植物Yγ ray n. γ射线Ztimezone n.区时。
地理学英语词汇大全地理学专业英语词汇
地理学英语词汇大全地理学专业英语词汇Geography is a fascinating field that involves the study of the Earth's physical features, climate patterns, and the interaction between humans and the environment. As with any subject, learning the vocabulary specific to geography is essential for effective communication and understanding. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive list of English vocabulary words commonly used in geography studies. This compilation aims to assist geography students, researchers, and enthusiasts in expanding their knowledge and fluency in the subject.1. Physical Geography Terms:1.1 Landforms: mountains, plains, plateaus, hills, valleys, canyons, ridges, etc.1.2 Water Bodies: oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams, ponds, waterfalls, etc.1.3 Climate: tropical, arid, temperate, polar, humid, continental, monsoon, etc.1.4 Weather: precipitation, humidity, temperature, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, etc.1.5 Ecosystems: forests, deserts, grasslands, wetlands, tundra, coral reefs, etc.1.6 Natural Disasters: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, etc.2. Human Geography Terms:2.1 Population: demographics, birth rate, death rate, population density, population growth, migration, etc.2.2 Urbanization: cities, urban areas, urban planning, urban expansion, slums, skyscrapers, etc.2.3 Transportation: roads, highways, railways, airports, ports, bridges, tunnels, public transportation, etc.2.4 Agriculture: farming, crop cultivation, livestock rearing, irrigation, agribusiness, sustainable agriculture, etc.2.5 Economic Systems: capitalism, socialism, market economy, planned economy, globalization, trade, etc.2.6 Cultural Geography: language, religion, traditions, customs, folklore, national identity, ethnicity, etc.3. Geographical Tools and Techniques:3.1 Maps: topographic maps, thematic maps, political maps, physical maps, cartography, map scale, symbols, etc.3.2 Remote Sensing: satellite imagery, aerial photography, GIS (Geographic Information System), GPS (Global Positioning System), etc.3.3 Fieldwork: surveys, observations, sampling, data collection, experiments, analysis, etc.3.4 Geographic Information: coordinates, latitude, longitude, elevation, GIS data layers, geospatial analysis, etc.3.5 Land Surveying: land measurement, boundary determination, survey instruments, geodetic surveying, etc.3.6 Computer Applications: geospatial software, data visualization, modeling, remote sensing software, etc.4. Environmental Geography Terms:4.1 Pollution: air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination, noise pollution, waste management, recycling, etc.4.2 Climate Change: greenhouse effect, global warming, carbon footprint, renewable energy, climate adaptation, mitigation, etc.4.3 Conservation: biodiversity, endangered species, habitat preservation, national parks, sustainable development, etc.4.4 Natural Resources: minerals, fossil fuels, renewable resources, water resources, forestry, sustainable use, etc.4.5 Environmental Impact: deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, land degradation, pollution control, conservation strategies, etc.4.6 Sustainability: environmental stewardship, eco-friendly practices, sustainable lifestyles, green technologies, circular economy, etc.5. Geopolitical and International Relations Terms:5.1 Borders: international borders, geopolitical boundaries, border disputes, border control, immigration, etc.5.2 Global Organizations: United Nations (UN), World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organization (WTO), etc.5.3 Geopolitical Concepts: geopolitics, superpowers, regional integration, imperialism, colonialism, nation-state, etc.5.4 Global Issues: globalization, inequality, poverty, human rights, peacekeeping, conflict, diplomacy, international cooperation, etc.5.5 Development: developed countries, developing countries, sustainable development goals (SDGs), economic indicators, etc.5.6 Migration: immigration, emigration, refugees, asylum seekers, push factors, pull factors, brain drain, etc.Please note that this list of geography vocabulary words is not exhaustive but provides a broad overview of the most commonly used terms in the field. Remember to continuously expand your understanding of geographical concepts and their associated vocabulary through readings, research, and practical applications.。
(完整版)地理专业英语词汇
丘陵
geomorphology
landform
geomorphochronology
geomorphogenesis, landform genesis
landform forming process
climatic geomorphology
dynamic geomorphology
geomorphometry
applied geography
metageography
physiography
chorography
paleogeogpraphy
geographical system
geographical environment
地理因子
地理过程
地理分布
地理界线
地理综合
地理考察
综合考察
区域分析
区域分异
生存空间
regional analysis
regional differentiation
living space
life-carrying capacity
environmental determinism
catastrophe theory
earth
earth surface
地球表层
地理系统
地理圈
景观圈
ubac, shady slope
Massenerhebungseffekt(德）,
integrated physicogeographical
regionalization
nival belt
subnival belt
alpine
subalpine
mountains
地理常用英语词汇
地理常用英语词汇location地点locate 查明；探明;把…设置在；使坐落于；设于North Pole北极South Pole南极Arctic 北极的Antarctic n南极的globe 地球，地球仪global 全球的the Pacific Ocean 太平洋the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋the Indian Ocean 印度洋the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋continent 大陆Oceanica 大洋洲height 高度hemisphere 半球equator 赤道horizon 地平线tropical 热带的subtropical 亚热带的altitude 海拔latitude 纬度longitude 经度day length 白昼长度environmental conservation 环境保护environmental issues环境问题ecological balance生态平衡global warming 全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应existence—exist 存在extinction—extinct灭绝soil erosion— erode水土流失、侵蚀acid rain酸雨climate change 气候变化air contamination空气污染air pollution 空气污染deforestation滥砍滥伐confluent 汇合的avalanche 雪崩mirage 海市蜃楼abandoned land 弃耕地abiltic factor 非生物因素；非生命因素abiotic environment 非生物环境；非生命环境ablation 消融〔作用〕Abney level 手水准仪aborigine 土著abrasion (corrasion) 磨蚀〔作用〕刻蚀〔作用〕abrasion (wave-cut) platform 海蚀平台absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute instability 绝对不稳定〔状态〕absolute stability 绝对稳定〔状态〕absolute temperature 绝对温度absorption 吸收〔作用〕abyssal region 深海区acacia 合欢树accelerated erosion 加速侵蚀accessibility 可达度；能达度acclimatization 气候适应accordant drainage 协调水系；调和水系accretion 加积〔作用〕accumulated temperature 积温acid lava 酸性熔岩acid rain 酸雨acid soil 酸性土壤acidic rock 酸性岩acidity (1) 酸度，(2) 酸性activated sludge 活性污泥active layer 活动层；活土层active recreation 主动性康乐active volcano 活火山activity space 活动空间actual evapotranspiration 实际蒸散〔量〕adiabatic cooling 绝对冷却；绝热降温adiabatic heating 绝对增温adiabatic lapse rate 绝热递减率；绝热直减率adiabatic process 绝热过程adiabatic temperature change 绝热温度变化adit mining 棋坑开采法advection 平流advection fog 平流雾aeolian deposit (sediment) 风积物aeration (1)通气[性]，(2)曝气aeration tank 曝气池aerial photograph 航空照片；空中照片aerobic 需氧aerobic treatment 需氧处理aerosol 气溶胶；雾体；大气微粒aesthetic pollution 美感污染aesthetic quality 美感质素afforestation 造林；植林aftershock 余震age composition 年龄构成age group 年龄组别age structure 年龄结构aged-dependency ratio 老年人抚养〔比〕率agents of erosion 侵蚀作用力；侵蚀营力age-sex pyramid 年龄性别金字塔age-specific fertility rate 年龄别生育率age-specific marriage rate 年龄别结婚率age-specific mortality rate 年龄别死亡率agglomerate 集块岩agglomerated settlement 集居聚落agglomeration (1)结集；聚结，(2)聚居点agglomeration economies 集聚经济效益aggradated plain (aggradation plain) 加积平原；填积平原aggradation 右积作用；填积作用aggradation plain (aggradated plain) 加积平原；填积平原aggregate 团聚体；集合体aging of population 人口老化agrarian reform 土地改革agricultural location theory 农业区位理论agricultural waste 农业废料agriculture 农业agro-ecosystem 农业生态系统agrosystem 农业系统A-horizon A层；淋溶层air circulation 空气环流；空气循环air composition 空气成分；空气组成air control zone 空气管制区air mass 气团air mass modification 气团变性air parcel 气块air pollutant 空气污染物air pollution 空气污染；大气污染air pollution source 空气污染〔来〕源air pressure 气压air quality monitoring network 空气质素监察网albedo 反射率alfalfa 苜蓿alfisol 淋溶土algae 藻类algal bloom 藻类过量繁殖alkaline soil 碱性土alkalinity (1)碱度，(2)碱性alkalization 碱化〔作用〕allogenic river 外源河alluvial cone 冲积锥alluvial deposit 冲积物alluvial fan 冲积扇alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial soil 冲积土alluvial terrace 冲积阶地alluviation 冲积作用alluvium 冲积物；冲积层alpine 高山alpine meadow soil 高山草甸土Alpine mountain-building movement 阿尔卑斯造山运动alpine vegetation 高山植物Alpine-Himalayan Belt 阿尔卑斯－－喜马拉雅山带altimeter 高度计altiplano 高原（玻利维亚）altitude 高度altocumulus 高积云altostratus 高层云aluminium sesquioxide 三氧化二铝amenities 市容ammonia 氨ammophilous 喜砂amorphous 无定形amplitude (1)幅度，(2)振幅anabatic wind 上坡风anaerobic 厌氧anaerobic treatment 厌氧处理；缺氧处理ancillary service 辅助性服务〔行业〕anemometer 风速计aneroid barometer 空盒气压计angle of depression 俯角angle of elevation 仰角angle of incidence 入射角angle of inclination 倾角angle of repose 休止角angular (compass, whole circle) bearing 方位角angulate drainage 角状水系animal husbandry 畜牧〔业〕anion 阴离子；负离子annotated map 注释图annual flood 年最大流量；年最大洪水annual mean temperature 年平均温annual rainfall 年雨量annual range of temperature 年温差annual runoff 年径流；年径流量annular drainage 环状水系Antarctic Circle 南极圈antecedent drainage 先成水系anthracite 无烟煤anthropogenic factor 人为因素anticline 背斜anticyclone 反气旋anticyclonic circulation 反气旋式环流anvil cloud 砧状云apartment building 住宅大厦apex (1)冲积扇顶，(2)顶点aquaculture 水产养殖aquatic plant 水生植物aqueduct 引水槽aquifer 畜水层arable farming 耕作农业arable land 〔可〕耕地arch (1)背斜，(2)拱顶，(3)穹窿Archimedes' screw 〔阿基米得式〕螺旋水斗archipelago 群岛Arctic air mass 北极气团Arctic Circle 北极圈Arctic climate 北极气候arctic front 北极锋arcuate delta 弓形三角洲；扇形三角洲area sampling 区域抽样；地区抽样areal association 地区联系；地域联系areal differentiation 地域分异areal distribution 地区分布；地域分布areal specialization 地区专门化；地域专门化areal variation 地区差异；地域差异arete 刃脊；冰脊arid 干旱arid {dry} climate 干旱气候arid land 旱地aridisol 旱成土aridity 干燥〔度〕干旱〔度〕arithmetic mean 算术平均；等差中项；算术中项arithmetic progression 等差级数；算术级数arterial highway 干线公路artesian basin 自流水盆地artesian water 自流水artesian well 自流井artificial climate 人造气候asbestosis 石棉沉着病ash and cinder cone 凝灰火山渣锥ash cone 凝灰火山锥ash lagoon 煤灰湖asker 蛇〔形〕丘aspect 坡向assembly industry 装配工业assembly line 装配线assimilation 同化〔作用〕association 联系assumed mean 假定平均数asthenosphere 软流圈；岩流圈asymmetrical fold 不对称折曲atlas 地图集atmosphere 大气；大气圈atmospheric absorption 大气吸收atmospheric circulation 大气环流atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动atmospheric heat balance 大气热平衡atmospheric heat source 大气热源atmospheric motion 大气流动atmospheric pollutant 大气污染物atmospheric pollution 大气污染atmospheric pressure 大气压力；气压atmospheric radiation 大气辐射atmospheric refraction 大气折射atoll 环礁attrition 磨耗〔作用〕自磨〔作用〕aureole 〔接触〕变质带autotroph 自养生物autotrophic nutrition 自养营养autumnal equinox 秋分available relief (relative relief) 有效地势；相对地势avalanche 雪崩；山崩average cost 平均成本axial growth 轴向增长axial plane 轴面axial stream 山谷主要河流azimuth 方位角azonal soil 泛域土baby boom 生育高峰back bearing 倒后方位backshore 后滩；滨后〔滩〕backwall 后壁；后坡backwash 回流badland 劣地bajada (bahada) 山麓冲积扇带balanced community 均衡社区balanced ecosystem 平衡生态系统Baltic-Danish farming 波罗的－－丹麦农业bank deposit 河岸沉积〔物〕bank erosion 河岸侵蚀bank failure 塌岸bank full stage 满岸水位bank protection 护岸bankfull discharge 满岸流量bar 沙洲；沙坝bar chart (graph) 条形图；棒形图barbed drainage 倒状水系barchan 新月形沙丘barogram 自记气压曲线图barograph 自记气压计barometer 气压计barometric gradient 气压梯度barren land 荒地；瘠地barrier reef 堡礁；堤礁barrier to migration 迁徙障碍barysphere 重圈basal sapping 基部掏蚀basalt 玄武岩base flow 基本径流；底流base level 基准面base map 底图；基本图basic industry 基础工业basic lava 基性熔岩basic rock 基性岩basic sector 基础部门basin 盆地basin irrigation 淹灌basin perimeter 流域周长；流域周界basin planning 流域规划basin-and-range terrain 盆山相间地形batholith 岩基bauxite 铝土矿bayhead beach 湾头滩bazaar-type economy 摊贩经济beach 海滩beaded stream 串珠〔状〕河流Beaufort scale 蒲福风级bed load 推移质；底沙bed scour 河床冲刷bedding 层理bedding plane 层面bed-load discharge 推移质输送量；底沙输送量bed-load transport 推移质输送；推移质搬运bedrock 基岩；底岩beef cattle 肉用牛behavioral adjustment 行为适应beheaded river (stream) 断头河bell-shaped curve 钟形曲线belt transect 样带bench 阶地bench mark (BM) 水准点beneficiation 矿物增效处理；富集bergschrund 冰后隙；冰斗隙best fit line 最优拟合线B-horizon B层；淀积层bias 偏误；偏差bidder 投标人；出价人bid-rent 出价地租bid-rent curve 出价地租曲线bifurcation ratio 分叉比；分叉率bimodal 集峰binomial curve 二项曲线biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) 生化需氧量biocycle 生物循环biodegradation 生物降解biogeochemical cycle 生物地球化学循环biogeography 生物地理学biological concentration 生物密集biological control 生物防治biological indicator 指示生物biological monitor 生物调节者biological productivity 生物生产力biological purification 生物净化biological weathering 生物风化biomass 生物量biome 生物群落biosphere 生物圈biota (biotic community) 生物群biotic balance (equilibrium) 生物平衡biotic barrier 生物阻限biotic climax 生物顶极〔群落〕biotic community (biota) 生物群biotic component 生物组元biotic condition 生物条件biotic environment 生物环境；生命环境biotic equilibrium (balance) 生物平衡biotic factor 生物因素；生命因素biotite 黑云母biotype 生物〔类〕型bird's foot delta 鸟足状三角洲birth control 节育；计划生育birth rate 出生率birth-death ratio 生死比率bituminous coal 烟煤black alkali soil 黑碱土black earth 黑土blast furnace 鼓风炉bleached horizon 漂白层blighted area (1)萎缩地区，(2)枯萎区blizzard 暴风雪；雪暴block diagram 立体图block disintegration 块状崩解；块状分裂block mountain 断块山blood rain 血雨blood worm 红虫；颤虫blow-hole 吹穴blowout (deflation hollow) 吹蚀穴；风蚀洼地bluff 陡坡；陡崖body wave 体波bog 藓沼；沼泽bog peat 沼泽泥炭bora 布拉风（地中海北岸）boreal climate 北部〔森林〕气候boreal forest 北部针叶林borehole 钻孔；探孔boulder 巨砾；石砾boulder clay 泥砾boulder fan 巨砾扇boulder-controlled slope 砾块控制坡boundary (1)界限，(2)边界boundary layer 边界层brackish water 微咸水brackish water habitat 微咸水生境braided stream 分汊河道branching channel 辫状河breaching of dyke 决堤break8ing point 市场分界点breaker zone 碎波区；破波区break-of-bulk-point 转运点breakwater 防波堤breccia 角砾岩breeder reactor 增殖反应堆breeze 微风bridging point 架桥点broad-leaved forest 阔叶林bromine 溴bronchial ailment 支气管失调brown desert steppe soil 棕色荒漠草原土；棕钙土brown earth 棕壤brown forest soil 棕色森林土brown podzolic soil 灰化棕色土；灰化棕壤browsing stock 放牧牲畜buckling (1)弯曲，(2)地壳弯曲buffer 缓冲built-up area 已建区bulk carrier 散装货轮bund 堤Burgess's Concentric Model 伯吉斯同心区模式burrowing animal 穴居动物；钻洞动bush fallowing 灌丛休耕法bush veld 灌丛草原（南非）bushfire 林火business turnover 营业额butte 小方丘；孤丘buttress root 板根by-census 中期人口普查；中期户口统计cactus 仙人掌cadmium 镉Cainozoic (Cenozoic) era 新生calcareous crust 代钙质地表层；石灰结皮；石灰结壳calcareous rock 钙质岩calcareous soil 钙质土；石灰性土壤calcic horizon 钙质层calcification 钙化作用calcimorphic soil 钙成土calciphilous plant 适钙植物；喜钙植物calcite 方解石calcium carbonate 碳酸钙caldera 破火山口Caledonian mountain-building movement 加里东造山运动caliche 钙质层calm (1)无风，(2)静calorie 卡路里；卡Cambrian period 寒武纪camouflage 保护色作用canopy 冠层canyon 峡谷cape 岬〔角〕capillary action 毛〔细〕管作用capital (1)资金；资本，(2)首都capital accumulation 资本累积capital city 首都capital goods 资本货物capital investment 资本投资capital-intensive industry 资本密集工业cap-rock 冠岩；覆盖石caravan 商队(北非)carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbon cycle 碳循环carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbonaceous rock 炭质岩carbonation 碳化作用carbonic acid 碳酸Carboniferous period 石炭纪carcinogen 致癌物cardinal points 方位基点caribou 驯鹿carnivore 食肉动物；食肉生物carrying capacity 负载能力cartographic technique 绘图技巧cartography 绘图学cascade 小瀑布case study 个案研究；学习事例cash crop 经济作物；现金作物cash tenancy 现金租用耕地制cassava 木薯cast iron 铸铁cataract 急流catastrophic effect 灾难性后果catch crop 填闲作物catchment area (1)集水区，(2)从属区catchwater 引水道category 类型；类别catena (soil catena) 土链cation 阳离子；正离子cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换能力；正离子交换能力cattle rearing 牧牛业cavern 岩洞cavitation 空化〔作用〕cellular circulation 环型环流Celsius scale 摄氏温度表cementation 胶结〔作用〕Cenozoic (Cainozoic) era 新生代census 代人口普查；户口统计central business district (CBD) 商业中心区central city 中心城central place 中地；中心地central tendency 集中趋势centrality 中心性centralization 集中centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济centre of gravity 重心centrifugal drainage 离心水系centrifugal force 离心力centripetal drainage 向心水系centripetal force 向心力cereal 谷类cesspool 污水池；粪池chain island 列岛chain shop 连锁店chalk 白垩chance factor 机遇因素channel (1)海峡，(2)水道，(3)河槽；河床channel capacity 河道容量channel cutting 河道割切channel density 河网密度channel equilibrium 河道平衡channel erosion 河道侵蚀channel filling 河道淤塞channel flow 河道径流；河槽径流channel frequency 河道频数channel gradient (slope) 河道坡度；河床坡度channel improvement 河道整治channel length 河道长度channel realignment 河道改道channel roughness 河床糙度channel slope (gradient) 河道坡度；河床坡度channel width 河道宽度channelled runoff 河道径流channelling 开渠；开新槽chaparral 浓密常绿阔叶灌丛(美国加利福尼亚和墨西哥) chart 图；图表chemical industry 化学工业chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学需氧量chemical waste 化学废物chemical weathering 化学风化chemically formed sedimentary rock 化学作用形成的沉积岩chemosynthesis 化合作用；化学合成chernozem 黑钙土chestnut brown soil 栗钙褐土chestnut soil 栗钙土child-bearing age group 生育年龄组chili 奇利风（突尼斯的干热风）chinook 钦诺克风（北美）chi-square 卡方chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) 氯氟碳chlorophyll 叶绿素C-horizon C层；母质层choropleth map 等值域图Christaller's Central Place Theory 克里斯泰勒中地学说chute (1)奔流；瀑流，(2)流槽cinder cone 火山渣锥circular causation 循环因果circum-Pacific belt 环太平洋带circumpolar westerlies 环极西风cirque (corrie, cwm) 冰斗cirrocumulus 卷积云cirrostratus 卷层云cirrus 卷云city 城市city (urban) planner 城市规划师city (urban) planning 城市规划city centre 市中心city plan 城市平面图city proper 城市市区部分class 区；组；类class boundary 组界class interval 组区间；组距class limit 组限；区限class mark (class mid-point) 组中点；组中点class mid-point (class mark) 组中点；区中点clastic deposit 碎屑沉积clay 黏土clay loam 黏质壤土clay pan 黏盘clay particle 黏土颗粒clayey 黏质clay-humus complex 黏粒腐殖质复合体cliff 悬崖；峭壁climate 气候climate modification 〔人工〕改变气候climatic amelioration 气候改良climatic anomaly 气候异常climatic barrier 气候障壁climatic change 气候变化；气候变迁climatic classification 气候分类climatic climax 气候顶极〔群落〕climatic deterioration 气候恶化climatic element 气候要素climatic factor 气候因子climatic graph 气候图〔表〕climatic map 气候图climatic oscillation 气候变化；气候变动climatic prediction 气候预报climatic region 气候区climatic regulation 气候调节〔作用〕climatology 气候学climax 顶极〔群落〕climax community 顶极群落climax vegetation 顶极植物climber 攀绿植物climbing plant 攀绿植物climograph 气候图clinometer 倾角仪；测斜仪clint 石灰岩岩脊；石芽closed system 密闭系统clothing industry 制衣业cloud 云cloud cover (cloudiness) 云量cloud reflection 云盖反射cloud seeding 播云；云的催化cloud type 云型cloudiness (cloud cover) 云量cluster sampling 类集抽样coagulation 混凝coal seam 煤层coalfield 煤田coarse texture soil 粗质地土壤coarse tuff 粗粒凝灰岩coarse-grained rock 粗粒岩石coastal landform 海岸地貌；海岸地形coastal plain 海岸平原coastline 海岸线cobble 中砾coding 编码cohesion 内聚力；凝聚力cohort 同期组群coking coal 〔炼〕焦煤col 山口；山坳cold current 寒流cold desert 寒〔带荒〕漠cold front 冷锋cold resistance 耐寒性cold temperate climate 寒温带气候cold wave 寒潮collective farming 集体农业collectivization 集体化colloid 胶体colluvium 崩积物；崩积层；坡积物colonization (1)殖民；拓殖，(2)集群；定殖；占据colony 集群；群体columnar jointing 柱状节理columnar structure 柱状结构combine harvester 联合收割机；多用途收割机commercial centre 商业中心commercial farming 商业性农业commercial zone 商业区commercialization 商业化commune 公社communication (1)交通，(2)通讯community (1)社区，(2)群落community facility 社区设施community organization 社区组织community shopping centre 社区购物中心commuter 通勤者；往返市区工作地点及郊区住所的人commuter zone 通勤带compact texture 致密结构comparative advantage 相对优势comparison goods 需比较商品compass 罗盘；指南针compass (angular, whole circle) bearing 方位角compass points 罗盘指标；罗盘方位competence of stream 河流搬运最大颗粒能力competition for location 区位竞争competition for space 空间竞争component 组元composite cone 复合火山锥composting 堆肥comprehensive redevelopment area 综合性重建区compressional force 挤压力computation 计算concave bank 凹岸concave slope 凹坡concentration 集结concentric zone theory 同心圆地带论concordant (longitudinal) coast 顺向海岸；纵式海岸concretion 结核〔作用〕condensation 凝结condensation level 凝结高度condensation nuclei 凝结核心conduction of heat 热传导conelet 小型火山锥confluence 汇流点congelifraction 融冻〔崩解〕作用conglomerate 砾岩conical hill 锥形山conifer 针叶树coniferous forest 针叶林connectivity 连接程度consequent drainage 顺向水系conservation 养护；保养；保护；保存；节约conservation of resources 资源保养constant slope 直坡constructive plate boundary 建设性皮块边界constructive wave 建设性波浪；堆积浪consumer 消费者consumer behaviour 消费行为；消费者行为container 集装箱；货柜container terminal 集装箱码头；货柜码头containerization 集装箱化；货柜化continent 洲；大陆continental air mass 大陆气团continental apron (rise) 大陆隆continental climate 大陆〔性〕气候continental collision 大陆碰撞continental crust 大陆地壳；陆壳continental drift 大陆漂移continental edge (fringe, margin) 大陆边缘continental fringe (edge, margin) 大陆边缘continental glacier 大陆冰川continental island 大陆岛continental margin (edge, fringe) 大陆边缘continental nucleus 陆核continental plate 大陆板块continental plate boundary 大陆板块边界continental rise (apron) 大陆隆continental rupture 大陆破裂continental shelf 大陆〔棚〕架continental shield 地盾continental slope 〔大〕陆〔斜〕坡continental suturing 大陆缝合作用continentality 大陆性；大陆度contour farming (ploughing) 等高耕作〔法〕contour line 等高线contour map 等高线图contour mapping 等高线绘图contour method 等高线法contour ploughing (farming) 等高耕作〔法〕contraception 避孕contract farming 合约式农业controlled flooding 控制漫灌〔法〕controlled tip 废物堆填区controlled tipping 废物堆填法conurbation 联都；集合城市〔区〕convection (convectional) rain 对流雨convection (convective) current (1)对流，(2)对流气流convection of heat 热对流convective (convection) current (1)对流，(2)对流气流convenience goods 日用品；常用商品conventional sign 图例；沿用图例；惯用符号convergence (1)辐合，(2)聚合convex bank 凸岸convex slope 凸坡cool temperate climate 凉温带气候co-operative farming 合作社式农业coordinate 坐标coral reef 珊瑚礁cordillera 雁列山(美洲)core (1) 地核；地心，(2)核心core area 核心区corestone 核心石；岩心Coriolis effect 科里奥效应Coriolis force 科里奥利力；地球自转偏向力Corn Belt 玉米带（美）corrasion (abrasion) 磨蚀〔作用〕刻蚀〔作用〕corrective measure 改善措施correlation 相关corrie (cirque, cwm) 冰斗corrosion 溶蚀〔作用〕cosmic ray 宇宙射线cost minimization 生产成本最低化；成本的极少化cost of living 生活费cost-benefit analysis 损益分析；成本收益分析cottage industry 家庭式工业counter radiation 逆辐射counter-urbanization 逆城市化country park 郊野公园country rock 围岩crag and tail 鼻尾丘crater 火山口crest 山脊Cretaceous period 白垩纪crevasse 冰隙；裂隙critical discharge 临界流量critical isodapane 临界等总运费线crop and livestock farming 耕牧混合农业crop breeding 作物育种crop failure 作物失收；作物减产crop rotation 轮植；轮作；轮耕cropping pattern 作物生产型式cropping region 作物区cropping system 耕作制度；农作制度cross breeding 杂交育种；杂交繁育cross section 横剖面；横切面cross-bedding 交错层crown 树冠crude birth rate 粗出生率；毛出生率crude death rate 粗死亡率；毛死亡率crumb structure 屑粒结构crust (earth's crust) 地壳crystal 晶体crystalline rock 结晶岩crystallization 结晶〔作用〕cuesta 单斜脊；单面山cuesta scarp 单斜脊崖（前坡）；鬣崖cultural landscape 文化景观cumulative causation 累积因果cumulative frequency 累积频数；累积频率cumulative frequency curve 累积频数曲线；穹形线cumulonimbus 积雨云cumulus 积云cup anemometer 转杯风速计curde oil 原油current meter 流速计current speed 流速cuspate delta 尖头三角洲cut off slope 削蚀坡cut-and-fill (1)边冲边淤(曲流) (2)先冲后淤(河床)cuticle 角质层cut-off (1)截流；断流，(2)裁湾〔作用〕cut-off lake (oxbow lake) 牛轭湖cutting 〔削〕切面cwm (cirque, corrie) 冰斗cycle of erosion 侵蚀循环cycle of poverty 贫穷循环cyclone 气旋cyclone track 气旋路线cyclonic circulation 气旋环流cyclonic flow 气旋流动cyclonic rain 气旋雨daily (diurnal) range of temperature 日温差dairy cattle 乳牛；乳用牛dairy farming 乳牛畜牧业Dalmatian coast 达尔马提亚型海岸；顺向海岸dam 水坝dam-failure 溃坝；垮坝data analysis 数据分析；资料分析data collection 数据搜集；资料搜集data interpretation 数据阐释；资料阐释data processing 数据处理；数据处理data representation 数据表达；资料表达de facto population 现住人口de jure population 常住人口death rate 死亡率debris avalanche 岩屑崩落debris flow 泥石流debris slope 岩屑坡decalcification 脱钙作用decay 腐烂；分解decentralization 分散；离心decibel (dB) 分贝deciduous forest 落叶林decision maker 决策者declining region 衰落区decomposer 分解者decomposing organism 分解生物decomposition 分解〔作用〕deep-focus earthquake 深源地震deferred junction 延长汇点deferred stream 延长河deflation 吹蚀〔作用〕deflation hollow (blowout) 吹蚀穴；风蚀洼地deflation varnish 吹蚀漆皮deflection 偏向deflection (deflective, deviating) force 偏向力；偏转力deflective (deflecting, deviating) force 偏向力；偏转力defoliation 去叶；落叶；脱叶deforestation 伐林deformation 变形；变态deglomeration 反聚集力degradable plastics 可降解塑料degradation 陵削〔作用〕减坡degrading stream 夷低河；削蚀河；下切河流dehydration 脱水〔作用〕deionized water 去离子水delta 三角洲demand potential 需求潜在力demographic data 人口数据；人口资料demographic structure 人口结构demographic transition 人口过渡；人口转变demographic transition theory 人口过渡论demography 人口统计学；人口学dendritic drainage 〔树〕枝状水系denitrification 反硝化作用densely populated 人口稠密density 密度density map 密度图denudation 剥蚀〔作用〕denudation chronology 剥蚀年代dependency population 依赖人口；受抚养人口dependency ratio 依赖比率；抚养比率dependent variable 应变量；应变数depopulation 人口减少；人口下降deposit 沉积物deposition 沉积〔作用〕depreciation (1)折旧，(2)贬值；货币贬值depressed region 葨落区域depression (1)低气压，(2)洼地deranged drainage 冰碛平原水系；扰乱水系desalinization 脱盐作用descriptive statistics 描述统计学desert 荒漠；沙漠desert climate 荒漠气候；沙漠气候desert encroachment 荒漠扩展；沙漠扩侵desert pavement 荒漠〔卵石〕覆盖层；沙漠〔卵石〕覆盖层desert plateau 荒漠高原；沙漠高原desert varnish 荒漠漆皮desertification 荒漠化；沙漠化desiccation 干燥作用；变旱desilication 脱硅作用destructive plate boundary 破坏性板块边界destructive wave 破坏性〔波〕浪detached building 独立式楼宇detritus (1)碎屑；岩屑，(2)腐屑developed country 已发展国家developing country 发展中国家development level 发展水平deviating (deflecting, deflective) force 偏向力；偏转力deviation 偏差Devonian period 泥盆纪dew 露dew point 露点D-horizon D层；基岩层diagenesis 成岩作用diagonal linkage 对角联系diastrophism 地壳运动differential erosion 差别侵蚀differential weathering 差别风化diffuse radiation 扩散辐射diffusion 漫射；扩散dike (dyke) (1)岩墙；岩脉，(2)堤dilution 稀释diminishing return 收益递减dip 倾斜dip angle 倾角dip direction 倾向dip slope 倾向坡direct proportion 正比例disaster relief 救灾discharge 流量disclimax 亚演替顶极discordant coast 横或海岸discordant drainage 不协调水系discrete data 不连续数据disease control 疾病控制diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disintegration 崩解；分解dismembered drainage 解体水系dispersed settlement 分散聚落dispersion (1)离〔中〕趋势；离〔中〕差，(2)离散displacement 位移disposal 处置；处理dissected plateau 切割高原dissection 切割〔作用〕分割〔作用〕dissipation 消散〔作用〕dissolved load 溶解〔搬运〕质dissolved oxygen (DO) 溶解氧distance decay 随距递减；随距衰减distributary 分流distribution 分布distributional pattern 分布形态diurnal (daily) range of temperature 日温差divergence (1)辐散，(2)分向diversification 多元化divided circle (pie graph) 圆瓣图division of labour 分工doldrums 赤道无风带dolerite 粗玄岩doline 溶斗；〔漏斗形〕灰岩坑domain 领域dome 穹丘，圆丘domesti refuse 家庭废物domestic sewage 生活污水；家庭污水domesticated animal 驯养家畜domestication 驯化；驯养dominant animal 优势动物dominant plant 优势植物dominant species 优势种dormancy 休眠dormant volcano 睡火山dormitory suburb 郊外居住区；郊外住宅区dormitory town 居住城镇dot map 点示图double cropping 雨造耕作；双作downcutting 下蚀〔作用〕下切侵蚀downdraft (downdraught) 下沉气流downfold 向斜downstream 下游downthrow 下盘downtown 市中心；城市商业区（美）downward filtering process 下滤过程downwelling 沉降流downwind effect 下沉风效应drag velocity 摩阻流速drainage (1)水系，(2)排水drainage area (1)流域，(2)排水区drainage basin 河盆；河域drainage density 河网密度;排水密度drainage network (1)河网，(2)排水网drainage pattern 水系型〔式〕drainage system 水系draught animal 役畜dredging 清淤；疏浚dreikanter 三棱石；风棱石drift (adlt) mining 横坑开采法drift material 飘流物；漂流物drill rig 钻油台；钻塔drip-tip 滴水叶尖drizzle 微雨；毛毛雨drought 干旱drought-resistant plant 抗旱性植物drowned river valley (rai) 溺谷；溺河drumlin 脊背丘；鼓丘dry (arid) climate 干旱气候dry (wind) gap 旱峡；风口dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热〔温度〕递减率；干绝热〔温度〕直减率dry crop 旱田作物dry farming 旱耕〔法〕dry rice 旱稻dry valley 干谷；涸谷dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度计drying agent 干燥剂duckweed 浮萍；青萍dumping area 倾卸区dune 沙丘dune encroachment 沙丘扩侵duplex house 复式房屋durable goods 耐用品duricrust 铝铁硅钙壳duripan 硬盘Dust Bowl 尘暴区（美）dust storm 尘暴dwelling unit 居住单位dyke rock 脉岩dyke(dike) (1)岩墙；岩脉，(2)堤dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡earth movement 地壳运动earth pillar 土柱earth revolution 地球公转earth rotation 地球自转earth-flow 泥流earthquake 地震earthquake focus 震源earthquake intensity 地震强度earthquake origin 震源earthquake period 地震期earthquake prediction 地震预报earthquake scale 地震震级earthquake wave 地震波earthquake zone 地震带earthquake-prooff design 抗震设计earth's axis 地轴earth's crust (crust) 地壳earthy 土状easterlies (1)东风，(2)东风带easting 东行线ecocline 生态变异；生态差型ecological balance 生态平衡ecological community 生态群落ecological crisis 生态危机ecological damage 生态破坏ecological efficiency 生态效率ecological niche 生态位；小生境ecological pyramid 生态塔ecological succession 生态演替ecology 生态学economic base 经济基础economic bloc 经济集团economic depression 经济萧条economic development 经济发展economic growth 经济增长economic man 经济人economic recession 经济衰退economic recovery 经济复苏economic region 经济区economic rent 经济租值economic take-off 经济起飞economic utility 经济效用economically active population 经济活动人口economically inactive population 非经济活动人口economies of scale 规模经济效益ecosphere 生态圈ecosystem 生态系统ecotone 群落过渡带；群落交错区ecotype 生态型edaphic climax 土壤演替顶极〔群落〕edaphic factor 土壤因素eddy 旋涡effciency of energy transfer 能量变换效率；能量转换效率effective precipitation 有效降水〔量〕effluent (1)污水；废水，(2)湖源河eight point compass 八方位罗盘elasticity of demand 需求弹性elasticity of supply 供给弹性elbow of capture 袭夺〔河〕弯electrical conductivity 导电性；导电率electromagnetic wave 电磁波electronics industry 电子业elevated peneplain 上升准平原elevation (1)海拔；高度，(2)仰角eluvial deposit (1)残积物，(2)淋溶沉积物eluvial horizon 淋溶层eluviation 淋溶〔作用〕淋失〔作用〕embankment 堤基emergence 上升emergent (1)露生植物，(2)挺水植物emergent coast 上升海岸emigrant 移民emigration 移居国外empirical data 实验数据employment structure 就业结构end (terminal) moraine 终〔冰〕endangered species 濒临灭绝的生物品种；濒危物种endogenic process 内力作用；内成作用energy balance 能量平衡energy budget 能量收支energy conservation 能源节约energy crisis 能源危机energy deficit 能量亏损energy efficiency 能量效率；能源效率energy flow 能〔量〕流energy level 能量级energy ratio 能量比率energy reserve 能源蕴藏energy resources 能源〔资源〕energy source 能源energy subsidy 能源补助energy surplus 能量过剩energy transfer 能量转移engineering industry 机械工业englacial moraine 内〔冰〕碛entisol 新成土entrenched meander 嵌入曲流；深切曲流entrenched stream 嵌入河；深切河entrenched valley 嵌入〔河〕谷；深切〔河〕谷entrepot 转口港entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurial factor 企业管理因素environmental capacity 环境容量environmental conservation 环境保护environmental constraint 环境限制environmental degradation 环境退化environmental education 环境教育environmental gradient 环境梯度environmental hazard 环境灾害；环境危害environmental impact 环境影响environmental impact statment 环境影响报告environmental improvement 环境改善environmental lapse rate 环境〔温度〕递减率；环境〔温度〕直减率environmental perception 环境感观environmental planning 环境规则environmental pollution 环境污染environmental quality 环境质素environmental resources 环境资源environmental risk 环境风险Eocene epoch 始新世epeirogenic movement 造陆运动ephermeral (1)短生植物，(2)短生ephermeral stream 季节性河流；间歇〔性〕河〔流〕epicdermis 表皮epicentre 震央；震中epiphyte 附生植物Equator 赤道equatorial air mass 赤道气团equatorial climate 赤道气候equatorial low 赤道低〔气〕压equatorial rain forest 赤道雨林equatorial trough 赤道低压槽eradication of disease 消除疾病erg (sandy desert) 砂质荒漠；砂质沙漠erodibility 可侵蚀性erosion 侵蚀erosion cycle 侵蚀循环erratic 漂石eruption 爆发escarpment 单斜山；马头丘estancia 大牧场(南美)estate (1)大农场，(2)estuarine delta 河口三角洲estuary 河口湾ethnic area 种族区ethnic group 种族群ethnic minority 少数种族ethnic segregation 种族隔离Eurasia 欧亚大洲eustasy 海面升降；海面进退eustatic movement 海面升降运动eutrophic 富养分eutrophication 富养化〔作用〕evaporation 蒸发〔作用〕evapotranspiration 蒸发蒸腾作用even (regular) slope 均匀坡evergreen forest 常绿林evolution 演化；进化excavation (1)掘蚀，(2)挖掘excessive urbanization 过度城市化exchange capacity 交换量exchangeable cation 交换性阳离子；交换性正离子exfoliation 剥离〔作用〕；页状剥落〔作用〕exhaust gas 废气；排气exhumation 剥露〔作用〕exogenic process 外力作用；外成作用exotic river 外源河exponential curve 指数曲线export 出口export-oriented industry 出口导向工业exposed coast 裸露海岸；暴露海岸extended family 大家庭extensive farming 粗放式农业；广耕法external economies 外部经济效益external force 外〔营〕力external migration 国外迁移；境外迁移extinct species 已灭绝生物品种extinct volcano 死火山extinction of species 品种灭绝extrapolation 外推法；外插法extreme climate 极端气候extreme environment 极端环境extreme event 极端事件extreme value 极值extrusion 喷出；挤出extrusive rock 喷出岩extrusive vulcanicity 喷出火山作用eye of tropical cyclone 〔热带气旋〕风眼fabricating industry 装配工业factor of location 区位因素；布局因素factor of production 生产因素factor substitution 因素代替Fahrenheit scale 华氏温度表fall-line 瀑布线（美）fallow 休耕fallow time 休耕时间family planning 家庭计划；计划生育family-life cycle 家庭生活周期farm size 农场面积farm unit 农场单位farmer's calender 农民行事历farming 农业；耕作farming efficiency 农耕效率。
地理相关英语词汇大全
aneroid barometer 空盒气压计
angle of depression 俯角
angle of elevation 仰角
angle of incidence 入射角
angle of inclination 倾角
angle of repose 休止角
atmosphere 大气；大气圈
atmospheric absorption 大气吸收
atmospheric circulation 大气环流
atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动
atmospheric heat balance 大气热平衡
atmospheric heat source 大气热源
active recreation 主动性康乐
active volcano 活火山
activity space 活动空间
actual evapotranspiration 实际蒸散〔量〕
adiabatic cooling 绝对冷却；绝热降温
adiabatic heating 绝对增温
adiabatic lapse rate 绝热递减率；绝热直减率
backwall 后壁；后坡
aquatic plant 水生植物
aqueduct 引水槽
aquifer 畜水层
arable farming 耕作农业
arable land 〔可〕耕地
arch (1)背斜，(2)拱顶，(3)穹窿
Archimedes' screw 〔阿基米得式〕螺旋水斗
archipelago 群岛
age-specific fertility rate 年龄别生育率
地理学科专业词汇——考研英语
remote-sensing
遥感的
terrestrial
地球的/陆地的
terrestrial heat / geothermal
地热
terrestrial magnetism
地磁
continental drift
大陆漂移学说
sea-floor spreading
海床扩展
evaporation
蒸发
群岛
delta
三角洲
landlocked area
内陆
inland waterway
内陆河
subcontinent
次大陆
cliff
山崖
valley
山谷
hillside / mountain slope
山坡
continental shelf
大陆架
canyon/ gorge
峡谷
channel / strait
salinity
含盐度
ocean bottom
海床
sediment
沉积物
tropical
热带的
temperate
温带的
frigid
寒带的
frost heaving
冻胀现象
tundra
苔原，冻原
fieldstone
卵石
theMediterranean Sea
地中海
the primeval forest
hemisphere
半球
meridian
子午线/经线
parallel
平行圈
latitude
纬线
longitude
经线/经度
elevation
地理专业英语词汇
Aa horizon 腐殖堆积层aa lava 块熔岩abandoned field 撩荒地abandoned lands 撩荒地abandoned mine 废弃矿山abandoned shoreline 旧岸线aberration 像差abiogenesis 自然发生abiotic factor 非生物因素ablation 水蚀ablation moraine 消融冰碛abnormality 反常aboriginal 土着的abrasion 海蚀abrasion platform 浪蚀台地abrasion shore 浪蚀海岸abrasion surface 浪蚀面abrasion terrace 海蚀阶地abrasive 研磨剂abrupt slope 陡坡abrupt textural change 质地突变abscissa 横坐标absolute age 绝对年龄absolute age determination 绝对年代测定absolute age of groundwater 地下水绝对年龄absolute altitude 绝对高度absolute amplitude 绝对振幅absolute chronology 绝对年代absolute convergence 绝对收敛absolute dating 绝对年代测定absolute error 绝对误差absolute extremes 绝对极值absolute geochronology 绝对地质年代学absolute geopotential 绝对重力势absolute gravity 绝对重力absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute instability 绝对不稳定性absolute maximum 绝对极大absolute measure 绝对尺度absolute minimum 绝对极小absolute orientation 绝对定向absolute parallax 绝对视差absolute precision 绝对精度absolute representation 绝对值表示法absolute temperature 绝对温度absolute value 绝对值absolute zero 绝对零度absorbed radiant flux 吸收辐射absorbed radiation 吸收辐射absorbent 吸收剂absorbing capacity 吸收能力absorbing complex 吸收性复合体absorptance 吸收系数absorption 吸收absorption band 吸收带absorption coefficient 吸收系数absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption factor 吸收因素absorption filter 吸收滤光片absorption of energy 能量吸收absorption of light 光吸收absorption spectrum 吸收光谱absorption surface 吸收面absorptive capacity 吸收本领absorptivity 吸收能力absorptivity emissivity ratio 吸收发射比abstract symbol 抽象符号abundance of isotopes 同位素的丰度abundance of the elements 元素丰度abundance ratio of isotopes 同位素的相对丰度abundant rainfall 过量降雨abyss 深渊abyssal 深海的abyssal basins 深海盆地abyssal benthos 深海底栖生物abyssal deposits 深海沉积物abyssal facies 深海相abyssal hill 深海丘陵abyssal plain 深海平原abyssal region 深海区abyssal sediment 深海沉积物abyssal zone 深海带acariasis 螨病acarinosis 螨病acaustobiolite 非可燃性生物岩accelerated erosion 加速侵蚀accelerated weathering 加速风化acceleration 加速度acceptance 接收acceptor 收体acceptor atom 受体原子acceptor bond 接体合accessory element 伴随元素accessory mineral 副次要accessory species 次要种accidental ejecta 外源喷出物accidental error 偶然误差accidental species 偶见种acclimatization 气候驯化acclivity 上行坡accompaniment element 伴生元素accordance of summit levels 峰顶面等高性accordant junction 协和汇流平齐汇流交合汇流accordant junction of streams 协合流accretion gley 淤积潜育层accumulated temperature 积温accumulation 堆积accumulation curve 累积曲线accumulation horizon 聚积层accumulation mountains 堆积山地accumulation of assimilation products 同化物累积accumulation of humus 腐殖质蓄积accumulation of organic matter 有机质堆积accumulative coast 堆积海岸accumulative relief 堆积地形accuracy 准确度accuracy of measurement 测定准确度acetic acid 醋酸acetic acid bacteria 醋酸菌acetic fermentation 醋酸发酵achromatic objective 消色差物镜achromatopsia 色盲acid alkaline barriers 酸碱障acid base balance 酸碱平衡acid base equilibrium 酸碱平衡acid brown forest soils 酸性棕色森林土acid earth 酸性白土acid fast bacteria 抗酸菌acid fastness 抗酸性acid fermentation 酸性发酵acid geochemical barrier 酸性地球化学障acid group 酸根acid humus 酸性腐殖质acid igneous rock 酸性火成岩acid medium 酸性介质acid peat soil 酸性泥炭土acid rain 酸雨acid residue 酸性残余物acid rock 酸性岩acid rocks 酸性岩acid soil 酸性土acid solution 酸性溶液acid spring 酸性泉acid tolerant species 耐酸品种acid value 酸值acidic lava 酸性熔岩acidification 酸化acidite 酸性岩acidity 酸度acidity of soil 土壤酸度acidoid 酸性胶体acidophile organisms 嗜酸有机体acidophilous plant 喜酸植物acidophyte 喜酸植物acidosis 酸中毒acidotrophic lake 酸性营养湖acidulation 酸化acotyledon 无子叶植物acquired character 获得特性acric ferralsols 强淋溶铁铝土acrisols 强淋溶土acrorthox 强酸性正常氧化土acrospore 顶生孢子acrox 高风化氧化土acstivation 夏眠actinium 锕actinolite schist 阳起片岩actinometer 日光辐射计actinometry 日射测定法actinomorphic 辐射对称的actinomycetes 放线菌actinomycosis 放线菌病analog information 模拟信息analogue 类似analogy 相似analysis 分析analysis by sedimentation 沉降分析analysis by titration 滴定分析analysis model 分析模型analysis of covariance 协方差分析analysis of variance 方差分析analysis of weather map 天气图分析analytic character 分析特性analytic map 解析地图analytic photogrammetry 解析摄影测量analytical aerial triangulation 解析空中三角测量analytical balance 分析天平analytical geochemistry 分析地球化学analytical method 分析方法analytical model 分析模型analytical plotter 解析测图仪analytical thematic map 解析肘地图anamesite 中粒玄武岩anatexis 深溶酌anchor ice 底冰ancient glaciation 古代冰川酌ancient lake mire 湖泊排水的沼泽ancient platform 古地台ancient sediments 古代沉积物andept 火山灰始成土andesine 中长石andesite 安山岩andesite line 安山岩线andic cambisols 暗色始成土andosols 暗色土anemia 贫血anemochores 风播植物anemochorous plants 风播植物anemochory 风播anemogram 风力自记曲线anemograph 风速计anemology 测风学anemometer 风速表anemometry 风速测定法anemophilous flower 风媒花anemophilous plant 风媒植物anemophily 风媒anemorumbograph 风向风速计anemorumbometer 凤向风速计anemothermometer 风速风温计aneroid barograph 空盒气压计aneroid barometer 空盒气压表aneroidograph 无液气压记录器angiosperms 被子植物angle equation 角方程angle of attachment 闭合角angle of bank 曲折角angle of direction 方位角angle of divergence 发散角angle of emergence 出射角angle of field 视场角angle of incidence 入射角angle of inclination 倾斜角angle of obliquity 倾斜角angle of pitch 府仰角angle of reflection 反射角angle of refraction 折射角angle of rotation 旋转角angle resolution 角分辨率anglesite 硫酸铅矿angular blocky structure 角块状结构angular deviation 角度偏差angular difference 角度不符值angular distance 角距angular distortion 角度畸变angular error 角度误差angular fold 尖褶皱angular measurement 角度观测angular unconformity 斜交不整合angular variation 角变化angulate drainage pattern 角状水系anhydrite 硬石膏anhydrous ammonia 无水氨animal debris 动物残屑animal husbandry 畜牧业animal remains 动物残屑animal resting place vegetation 牲畜休息地植被animal sociology 动物社会学animated mapping 动画地图制作animation 动画anion exchange 阴离子交换anionogenic element 阴离子基因元素anisotropism 蛤异性anisotropy 蛤异性ankaramite 富辉橄玄岩ankaratrite 黄橄霞玄岩ankerite 铁白云石annual 一年生植物annual aberration 周年光行差annual amount of precipitation 年雨量annual change 年变化annual flow 年径流annual march 年变程annual mean 年平均annual parallax 周年视差annual plant 一年生植物annual range 年较差annual ring 年轮annual runoff 年径流annual storage 年蓄水量annual variation 年变化annual zone 生长轮annular pattern 环状水系anomalous field 异常场anomalous geochemical gradient 异常地球化学梯度anomaly 异常anomaly in alluvium 冲积物异常anomaly in colluvium 塌积物异常anomaly in residual 残积异常anomaly ratio 异常比anorthite 钙长石anorthitite 钙长岩anorthoclase 歪长石anorthosite 斜长岩anosmia 嗅觉缺失antagonism 拮抗antagonist 对抗剂antarctic 南极antarctic air 南极气团antarctic anticyclone 南极反气旋antarctic belt 南极带antarctic circle 南极圈antarctic climate 南极气候antarctic continent 南极大陆antarctic faunistic region 南极动物区antarctic front 南极锋antarctic high 南极反气旋antarctic regions 南极区antarctic zone 南极带antarctica 南极大陆antecedent drainage 先成水系antecedent precipitation index 前期降水量指数antecedent river 先成河antecedent river network 先成水系antecedent stream 早期河流antecedent valley 先成谷anteklise 台背斜anthophyte 有花植物anthracite 无烟煤anthraconite 沥青灰岩anthrax bacillus 炭疽杆菌anthraxolite 碳沥青anthraxylon 纯木煤anthropic epipedon 耕醉层anthropic soil 人为土壤anthropochores 人播草anthropochorous plants 人播草anthropochory 人为传播anthropoclimatology 人类气候学anthropogene 人类纪anthropogenesis 人类发生anthropogenic factor 人为因素anthropogenic influence 人类影响anthropogenic landscape 人为景观anthropogenic load 人为负载anthropogenic pollution 人为污染anthropogenic soil 人为土壤anthropogenic succession 人为演替anthropogeography 人类地理学anthropological remote sensing 人类学遥感anthropology 人类学anthropophyte 人为植物anthroposphere 人类圈antiaircraft weapon position 防空兵企地antibacterial spectrum 抗细菌性光谱antiballistic missile system 反弹道导弹系统antibiosis 抗生antibodies 抗体anticlinal axis 背斜轴anticlinal fault 背斜断层anticlinal fold 背斜褶皱anticlinal limb 背斜翼anticlinal mountain 背斜脊anticlinal ridge 背斜脊anticlinal trap 背斜圈闭anticlinal valley 背斜谷anticlinorium 复背斜anticoagulant 抗凝剂anticyclogenesis 反气旋发生anticyclolysis 反气旋消散anticyclone 反气旋anticyclonic eddy 反气旋涡旋anticyclonic inversion 反气旋逆温anticylonic vortex 反气旋涡旋antierosion measures 防侵蚀措施antiform 背斜形态antimeridian 反面子午线antimonite 辉锑矿antimonsoon 反季风antimony deposit 锑矿床antinodes 波腹antiseptic 防腐剂antithyroid substance 抗甲状腺物质antitoxin 抗毒素antitrade wind 反信风antitrades 反信风antitriptic current 减速流antitriptic wind 摩擦风antitwilight 反曙暮光anvil cloud 砧状云apatite 磷灰石apex of anticline 背斜顶aphanitic texture 隐晶结构aphelion 远日点aphotic zone 无光带aphylactic projection 任意投影aphylly 无叶性apiculture 养蜂aplite 细晶岩aplogranite 淡云花岗岩apochromatic lens 复消色差镜头apogamy 无配生殖apogee 远地点apogee altitude 远地点高度apolar adsorption 非极性吸附apophyte 固有栽培植物apophytic plants 固有栽培植物apparatus 仪器频apparent density 表观密度apparent dip 视倾斜apparent heave 视平错apparent horizon 视地平apparent resistivity 视在电阻率apparent wind 视风appearance of maps 地图整饰apple coal 软煤applied climatology 应用气候学applied geochemistry 应用地球化学applied geomorphology 应用地形学applied hydrology 应用水文学applied meteorology 应用气象学appreciation 评价approximate analysis 近似分析approximate calculation 概算approximate coordinate 近似坐标approximate value 近似值aqualf 潮淋溶土aquatic animals 水栖动物aquatic life 水生生物aquatic organism 水生生物aquatic plants 水生植物aquatic products industry 水产业aquatic vegetation 水生植被aquent 潮新成土aqueoglacial deposits 冰水沉积物aqueous deposit 水成沉积aqueous rock 水成岩aqueous soil 水成土aqueous solution 水溶液aquept 潮始成土aquiclude 弱透水层aquifer 蓄水层aquiferous 含水的aquifuge 不透水层aquitard 半透水层aquod 潮灰土aquoll 潮软土aquox 潮氧化土aquult 潮老成土arable 可耕的arable land 耕地arable layer 耕层arable soil 可耕土壤arachnida 蛛形纲aragonite 霰石arber 乔木arbitrary projection 任意投影arbovirus 虫媒病毒arc of compression 压缩弧arc of folding 压缩弧arch dam 拱坝arch gravity dam 重力拱坝archaeocyte 原始细胞archaeohydrology 考古水文学archaeological culture 考古学文化archaeological remote sensing 考古遥感archaeological remote sensor 考古遥感器archaeological site 考古遗址archaeopteryx 始祖鸟archean 太古代的arched mountains 穹形山archeozoic 太古代的archeozoic era 太古代archipelago 群岛arctic 北极地区arctic air 北极气团arctic air mass 北极气团arctic circle 北极圈arctic climate 北极气候arctic desert 北极荒漠arctic desert zone 北极荒漠带arctic front 北极锋arctic high 北极高压arctic mire 极地沼泽arctic plants 极地植物arctic polygon desert 北极多边形荒漠arctic soil 极地土壤arctic subregion 北极亚区arctic tundra 北极冻原arctic zone 北极带arctoalpine 北极高山的arcuate delta 弧形三角洲arcuate structure 弧形构造arcuate tectonic belt 弧形构造带area 地区area aerial photography 区域航空摄影area color 背景色area computation 面积计算area distortion 面积变形area eruption 区城喷溢area measuring equipment 面积测量设备area method 区域法area of artesian flow 自霖区area of influence 影响面积area pattern 面状要素area survey 面积测量area target 地区目标area under crops 播种面积area weighted average resolution 面积加权平均分辨率areal rainfall depth 地域平均雨量areal survey 分段测量arenaceous quartz 石英砂arenaceous shale 砂质页岩arenopelitic 砂泥质的arenosols 红砂土arent 耕种混合新成土argialboll 粘化漂白软土argiaquoll 粘化潮软土argiboroll 粘化极地软土argil 白土argillaceous rock 泥质岩argillic horizon 粘化层argillite 泥板岩argillization 泥化argit 粘化旱成土argiudoll 粘化湿软土argiustoll 粘化干软土argon 氩arid climate 干燥气候arid cycle 干燥周期arid cycle of erosion 干燥侵蚀循环arid geomorphic cycle 干燥地貌旋回arid landforms 干燥地形arid region 干燥区arid soil 旱境土壤aridisol 旱成土aridity 干燥度aridity index 干燥指数arithmetic mean 算术平均arithmetical unit 运算器运算部件arkose 长石砂岩aromatic base crude oil 芳香基原油aromatic plant 芳香植物arrangement 配置array processor 阵列处理机arrow 箭头arsenic 砷arsenic pollution 砷污染arsenopyrite 毒砂arterial drainage 排水干渠系统artesian aquifer 自连水层artesian basin 自联盆地artesian ground water 自霖下水artesian head 承压水头artesian pressure 自凉力artesian water 自廉水artesian well 自廉arthritis 关节炎arthropoda 节肢动物artiad 偶价元素articular rheumatism 关节风湿病artificial climate 人工气候artificial culture media 人工培养基artificial drainage system 人工排水系统artificial earth satellite 人造卫星artificial earthquake 人为地震artificial forest regeneration 森林人工更新artificial ground target 航测地面标志artificial ground water 人工地下水artificial intelligence 人工智能artificial manure 堆肥artificial mineral 人造矿物artificial pollination 人工授粉artificial precipitation 人工降水量artificial radioactive element 人工放射元素artificial radioactive nuclide 人工放射性核素artificial radioactivity 人工放射性artificial rain 人造降雨artificial recharge 人工补给artificial satellite 人造卫星artificial sea water 人造海水artificial selection 人工选择artificial soil 人工土壤artificial sub irrigation 人工地下灌溉artificial water application 人工供水asbestos 石棉asbestos deposit 石棉矿床asbolane 钴土矿asbolite 钴土矿ascend curve 上升曲线ascending air current 上升气流ascending development 上升发展ascending node 升交点ascending water 上升水ascharite 硼镁石asexual generation 无性世代asexual reproduction 无性生殖ash cloud 尘云ash cone 凝灰火山锥ash content 灰分含量ash fall 火山灰下降ash forest 秦手ash shower 火山灰下降ashless filter 无灰滤纸asiatic schistosomiasis 日本血吸虫病aspect 季相aspect ratio 纵横比aspen 白杨aspen forest 白杨林asphalt 地沥青asphaltic pyrobitumen 焦性沥青asphaltite 沥青岩aspiration psychrometer 吸气式湿度计assemblage 集合assemble 集合assembly area 集结地域assessment of yield capacity of soil 土地评价assimilability 可同化性assimilate 同化物assimilation 同化酌assistentrenched meander 嵌入曲流深切曲流assisttrade wind desert 信风沙漠associated species 伴生种association 群丛association complex 群丛复合体association table 群丛表astatic magnetometer 无定向磁力计astatine 砹astenosphere 软力astro geodetic net adjustment 天文大地网平差astro geodetic network 天文大地网astrograph 天体摄影仪astrolabe 等高仪astrometry 天体测量学astronautics 宇宙航行学astronomic point 天文点astronomic theodolite 天文经纬仪astronomical azimuth 天文方位角astronomical coordinate system 天文坐标系astronomical coordinates 天文坐标astronomical geodesy 天文大地测量学astronomical levelling 天文水准测量astronomical longitude 天文经度astronomical meridian 天文子午线astronomical objective 天文对物镜astronomical unit 天文单位astronomy 天文学astrophotography 天体摄影学asymmetric carbon atom 不对称碳原子asymmetric fold 不对称褶皱asymmetrical anticline 不对称背斜asymmetrical ridge 不对称山脊asymmetrical valley 不对称谷asymmetry of relief 地形的不对称性asymptote 渐近线asynapsis 不联会asyndesis 不联会atavism 返祖atlantic time 大误期atlas 地图集atlas cartography 地图集制图学atlas dummy 图集装帧样本atlas grid 图集位置指示格网atlas leaf 地图集图页atlas of morbidity 发病率地图册atlas type 地图集类型atmometer 蒸发表atmophile elements 亲气元素atmosphere 大气圈atmospheric absorption 大气吸收atmospheric air 大气atmospheric attenuation 大气衰减atmospheric attenuation correction 大气衰减订正atmospheric circulation 大气循环atmospheric condensation 大气凝结atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动atmospheric dust 大气尘埃atmospheric electricity 大气电atmospheric factor 大气因素atmospheric front 大气锋atmospheric humidity 大气湿度atmospheric ion 大气离子atmospheric perturbations 大气扰动atmospheric phenomenon 大气现象atmospheric pollution 大气污染atmospheric pressure 气压atmospheric radiation 大气辐射atmospheric refraction 大气折射atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感atmospheric rock 气成岩atmospheric sounding 大气探测atmospheric stability 大气稳定性atmospheric swamp 天然沼泽atmospheric transmittance 大气透过率atmospheric turbulence 湍馏气atmospheric wave 大气波atoll 环礁atoll lake 环礁湖atomic adsorption spectrometry 原子吸收分光光度法atomic arrangement 原子排列atomic bond 原子键atomic disintegration 原子蜕变atomic energy level 原子能级atomic group 原子团atomic mass unit 原子质量单位atomic number 原子序数atomic orbital function 原子轨函数atomic radius 原子半径atomic ratio 原子比atomic size 原子大小atomic spectrum 原子光谱atomic structure 原子结构atomic unit 原子单位atomic volume 原子体积atomic weight 原子量atomism 原子论atomistics 原子论atomizer 喷雾器atrio 火口原atrio lake 火口原湖attached ground water 附着地下水attached island 陆系岛attenuation coefficient 衰减系数attenuator 衰减器attraction 引力attractive wave 引力波attribute 属性attrition 磨损aubrite 顽火无球粒陨石aufeis 积冰augen gneiss 眼状片麻岩augen structure 眼状构造auger 土钻augite 辉石augitite 辉石岩augmented matrix 增广矩阵aureole 接触变质带auripigment 雌黄aurora 极光auroral zone 极光带autecology 个体生态学authigenesis 自生酌authigenic element 自生元素authigenic mineral 自生矿物authigenous mineral 自生矿物autocartograph 自动测图仪autochorous 自布的autochthonous deposit 原地沉积autochthonous stream 原地河autoclastic rock 自碎岩autocorrelation coefficient 自相关系数autocovariance 自协方差autogenic succession 自发演替autograph 立体测图仪autographometer 自动地形仪automated cartographic generalization 自动制图综合automated cartographic system 自动制图系统automated draughting 自动绘图automated plotting of points 自动展点automatic air camera 自动航摄仪automatic control 自动控制automatic data processing system 自动数据处理系绕automatic focussing 自动倒automatic lettering on map 地图自动注记automatic level 补偿飘准仪automatic meteorological station 自动气象站automatic microdensitometer 自动测微密度计automatic monitoring 自动监测automatic programming 自动程序编制automatic tracking 自动跟踪autometamorphism 自变质酌automorphous process 自型过程autonomous guidance 自制导autoparasitism 自寄生autopneumatolysis 自气化酌autoreduction alidade 曲线归算望远镜照准仪autoreduction tacheometer 自动归算视距仪autotrophic lake 自养型湖autotrophic organisms 自养生物autotrophism 自养autotrophs 自养生物autumn equinoctial point 秋分点autumnal equinox 秋分autunite 钙铀云母auxiliary contour 辅助等高线auxiliary data 辅助数据auxiliary fault 副断层auxiliary point 辅助点availability 有效度available accuracy 可达精度available fertilizer 有效肥料available field capacity 有效田间持水量available ground water 有效地下水available relief 有效地势available storage of water 有效容量available water 有效水分available water capacity 有效水容量available water holding capacity 有效水保持能力avalanche 雪崩avalanche lake 堰塞湖aventurine 砂金石average 平均average amount of effective information 平均有效信息量average background 背景平均值average deviation 平均偏差average error 平均误差average life 平均寿命average sample 平均样品average slope 平均坡度average temperature 平均温度average year 平均年averaging of multiple image 多图像平均法aviation weather service 航空气象服务avitaminosis 维生素缺乏症axial surface of fold 褶皱轴面axillary bud 腋芽axis of abscissas 横坐标轴axis of coordinates 坐标轴axis of level 水准漆axis of ordinates 纵坐标轴axis of rotation 旋转轴axis of symmetry 对称轴azilian age 阿齐尔时代azimuth 方位角azimuth circle 方位圈azimuth direction 方位方向azimuth measurement 方位角测定azimuth observation 水平角观测azimuth resolution 方位分辨率azimuthal autogonal projection 方位等角投影azimuthal equal area projection 等积方位投影azimuthal equidistant projection 等距方位投影azimuthal error 方位误差azimuthal movement 方位移动azimuthal orthomorphic projection 方位正形投影azimuthal projection 方位投影azimuthal quantum number 方位角量子数azimuthal unconformity 向位不整合azonal soil 泛域土azonality 非地带性azure stone 蓝铜矿azurite 蓝铜矿Bb horizon 淀积层back action 反酌back azimuth 反方位角back flow 逆流back marsh 漫滩沼泽back radiation 反向辐射back sight 后视back slope 反向斜面back swamp 漫滩沼泽back titration 回滴定back traverse 逆行back up 背面印刷back up water level 回升水位backed blade 刀形石器backflow 逆流回流background noise 背景噪声background pollution 背景污染background value 背景值backing of the wind 风向反转backscattering spectrometry 后散射能谱测定法backshore 滨后backstromite 氢氧锰矿backwash 洄流backwater 壅水backwater curve 回水曲线bacterial equilibrium 细菌平衡bacterial fertilizer 细菌肥料bacterial manure 细菌肥料bacterial prospecting 细菌勘探bacteriolysis 溶菌bacteriophage 噬菌体bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂bad land 崎岖地baddeleyite 斜锆石baectuite 白头岩baer's law 贝尔定律bajirs 沙丘长湖baking coal 粘结煤balance 平衡balanced solution 平衡溶液balka 平谷balka relief 平谷地貌ball lightning 球状闪电ball structure 球状结构balloon 气球balloon remote sensing 气球遥感balloon satellite 气球卫星balneology 浴疗学band 夹层band model method 带模式法band pass filter 带通滤光器band reject filter 带阻滤波器band spectrum 带谱banded cloud 带状云系banded gneiss 带状片麻岩banded structure 带状结构banding 条状bandspread 频带扩展bandy clay 带状粘土bank 砂洲bank erosion 堤岸侵蚀bankful stage 漫滩水位banking angle 倾斜角banner cloud 旗状云bar 沙洲barchan chains 新月形沙丘链barchane 新月形砂丘bare karst 裸喀斯特baric low 低气压baric topography 气压形势barite 重晶石barium 钡bark beetles 小蠹虫barkhan 新月形砂丘barkhan ridges 新月形沙丘链barkhan sand 新月形砂丘砂barocline 斜压baroclinic atmosphere 斜压大气barogradient current 气压梯度流barogram 气压自记曲线barograph 气压记录仪;气压仪;气压计barogyroscope 气压陀螺仪barometer 气压表barometer correction 气压计改正barometric altimeter 气压测高计barometric depression 低气压barometric distribution 气压分布barometric gradient 气压梯度barometric height 气压计高程barometric tendency 气压倾向barometric tube 气压计管barometrical levelling 气压计高程测量barophilic bacterium 适压细菌barothermograph 气压温度计barotropic atmosphere 正压大气barotropic fluid 正压铃barrage 拦河坝barranco 峡谷barren 无矿的barren lands 瘠地barren limestone plateau 不毛石灰岩高原barren sand 不毛沙地barrens 瘠地barrier 障碍barrier lake 堰塞湖barrier reef 堤礁barrow 矸石埸barthite 砷锌铜矿barysphere 重圈baryta paper 钡白纸baryte 重晶石basal area 底面积basal conglomerate 底砾岩basal dressing 施基肥basal granule 基粒basal metabolism 基础代谢basal sandstone 基底砂岩basal zone of mountains 山基面带basalt 玄武岩basaltic augite 玄武辉石basaltic layer of the earth's crust 地壳玄武岩层basaltic wacke 玄土basanite 碧玄岩base 基线base apparatus 基线测量器base carriage 基线架base desaturation 盐基脱饱和base direction 基线方向base exchange 盐基交换base exchange capacity 盐基交换量base exchange complex 盐基交换复合体base height ratio 基线航高比base level of corrosion 溶蚀基准面base level of denudation 剥蚀基准面base level of erosion 侵蚀基面base line 基线base line equation 基线方程base map 基本地图base measurement 基线测量base network 基线网base of bed 层底base saturation 盐基饱和baseband signal 基带信号baselevel of erosion 侵蚀基面basement 基底basement fold 基底褶皱basement of platform 地台基底basement rock 基岩basic geochemical law 地球化学基本定律basic geochemical maps 基本地球化学图basic igneous rock 基性火成岩basic lava 基性熔岩basic map 基本地图basic rock 基性岩basicity 碱度basin 盆地basin irrigation 漫灌basin karst 盆地喀斯特basin landscape 盆地景观basin mire 盆地沼泽basin of volcanic origin 火山盆地basin perimeter 硫周长basin shape 盆地形状basin soil 盆地土壤basin without outflow 无排水盆地basiphile plants 好碱土植物basiphilous plants 好碱土植物basis 基线basite 基性岩basoid 碱性胶体basophilia 嗜碱性basophilic plant 喜碱植物basophilous vegetation 喜碱植被bastard measles 风疹batholite 岩基batholith 岩基bathyal deposits 半深海沉积物bathygraph 海水探测仪bathylith 岩基bathymetric chart 水深图bathymetric curve 等深线bathymetry 测深法bathymetry using remote sensing 遥感海洋测深bathythermograph 深水温度表batukite 暗色白玄岩bauxite 铝土矿bay 湾bayleyite 菱镁铀矿bayou lake 旧河道湖beach 海岸beach cusps 海滩嘴beach drifting 沿滩漂移beach erosion 海岸侵蚀beach gravel 海滨砾石beach material 海滩泥沙beach placer 海滨砂矿beach plain 海滩平原beach ridge 滩脊beach slope 海滨坡度beach terrace 滨岸阶地beacon 航标beaded valley 串珠状谷beam compasses 杠规beam spliter 分光镜bean shaped structure 豆形结构bearing 方位bearing point 方位点beat 露头bed 层bed development 河床演变bed load 推移质bed pattern 河床型式bed succession 层序bed toxin 蜂毒bed vein 层状脉bedded alluvium 层状冲积层bedded clay 层状粘土bedded deposit 层状矿床bedded rock 层状岩bedded structure 层状结构bedding 层理bedding fault 层面断层bedding joint 层面节理bedding plane 层理面bedrock 基岩behavior 行为behavior of elements 元素的行为beheaded river 夺劣beheaded valley 断头谷beidellite 贝得石belt area 带状分布区belt of equatorial calm 赤道无风带belt of soil water 土壤水分带belt of transition 过渡带belt of weathering 风化带belt transect 样带belt transect method 样带法belted coastal plain 带状沿岸平原bench 阶地bench border irrigation method 条田灌溉法bench gravel 阶地砾石bench mark 水准点bench terraces 一阶式梯bending 弯曲bending test 弯曲试验benioff zone 贝尼奥夫带bent test 弯曲试验bentgrass meadow 翦股颖草甸benthos 底栖生物bentonite 膨润土beringite 棕闪粗面岩berkelium 锫berm 后滨阶地bernoulli's polynomial 伯努利多项式beryl 绿柱石beryllium 铍beryllium pollution 铍污染beta ray detector 计数器计数管betterment of land 土地改良between class distance 类间距离bicarbonate 重碳酸盐bidentate ligand 二合配位体bidirectional reflectance distribution function 双向反射比分布函数biennial fruit 隔年果biennial plant 二年生植物bifurcation 分枝bight 大湾bilateral geochemical barrier 两侧地球化学障碍bilateral symmetry 左右对称bilberry heath 越桔灌木丛bilberry pine forest 越桔松林bilberry spruce forest 越桔云杉林bilinear interpolation method 双线性内插法billow cloud 浪云bimetal plate 双层金属版bimetallic thermometer 双金属温度表binary search 折半查找法binding 装订binding coal 粘结煤binding force 结合力binocular 双筒望远镜binocular telescope 双筒望远镜binocular vision 双目观察binomial nomenclature 二名法bioaccumulation of elements 元素的生物累积biocatalyst 生物催化剂biochemical evolution 生化进化biochemical oxygen demand 生化需氧量biochemistry 生物化学biochore 生物区域界线bioclast 生物碎屑岩bioclastic rock 生物碎屑岩bioclimate 生物气候bioclimatics 生物气候学bioclimatogram 气物气候图bioclimatological 生物气候学的bioclimatology 生物气候学biocoenology 生物群落学biocoenose 生物群落biocoenosis 生物群落biocolliod 生物胶体bioelectric potential 生物电位biofacies 生物相biogenesis 生源说biogenetic law 生物发生律biogenic anomaly 生物成因异常biogenic deposits 生物沉积物biogenic element 生物起源元素biogenic landforms 生物成地形biogenic rock 生物岩biogeochemical anomaly 生物地球化学异常biogeochemical barrier 生物地球化学障biogeochemical cycle of pollutants 污染物生物地球化学循环biogeochemical disease 生物地球化学性疾病biogeochemical prospecting 生物地球化学勘探biogeochemistry 生物地球化学biogeocoenology 生物地理群落学biogeocoenosis 生物地理群落biogeography 生物地理学biohydrological 生物水文的biohydrology 生物水文学biolith 生物岩biological activity of soil 土壤生物活性biological cycle 生物循环biological decomposition 生物分解biological mineralization 生物矿化biological monitoring 生物监测biological pest control 生物虫防治bioluminescence 生物荧光biomass 生物量biomass pyramid 生物量金字塔biome 生物群落biometrics 生物统计学biometry 生物统计学biomineralogy 生矿物学bionidicator 生物指示物bionomics 生态学biophile elements 亲生元素biophysicgraphy 生物自然地理学biospeleology 洞穴生物学biosphere 生物圈biostatistics 生物统计字biostratigraphy 生物地层学biota 生物相biotic environment 生物环境biotic succession 生物性演替biotite 黑云母biotope 生活小区biotype 生物型biozone 生物带bipolar distribution 两极分布birch 桦木birch forest 桦手bird foot delta 鸟足状三角洲birds of passage 候鸟bireflection 反射多色性birefringence 双折射birth rate 出生率bischofite 水氯镁石bisectrix 二等分线bismalith 岩柱bismuth 铋bismuth glance 辉铋矿bismuthinite 辉铋矿bit error rate 比特误码率bitumen 沥青bituminization 沥青化bituminous coal 烟煤black acid prairie soils 黑色酸性湿草原土black alkali soil 黑碱土black and white aerial photograph 黑白航摄照片black and white film 黑白胶片black and white infrared image 黑白红外影像black and white map 单色图。
地理基础英语-词汇
附录：常用专业词汇表Aabiotic adj.非生物的ablation n.消融abundant adj.丰富的;充足的abyssal adj.深不可测的abyssal plain n.深海平原accompany vt.陪伴;伴随accumulation n.堆积作用acid rain n.酸雨acres lost each year n.每年失去英亩数administer vt.管理;实施;执行Adriatic adj.亚得里亚海Aegean n.爱琴海aerospaceplane n.航天飞机aerosphere n.大气层afforestation n.造林Agenda 21 n.21世纪议程aggregate n.聚集agricultural modernization n.农业现代化agricultural system n.农业系统agriculture n.农业air mass n.气团air transport n.水路运输air flows and air masses n.气流和气团air pollution n.空气污染airport n.航空港Allah n.（回教语）安拉,真主alluvial fan n.冲积扇alluvial plain n.冲积平原Alps n.阿尔卑斯山脉alternation n.改变;变更altitude n.高度Amazon n.亚马孙河Amazon Basin n.亚马孙平原anabatic winds n.上升气流风Andes Mountains n.安第斯山脉angular speed n.角速度Antarctic Area n.南极地区anticyclone n.反气旋aphelion n.远日点Appalachian Mountains n.阿巴拉契亚山脉aquatic n.水生的Aral Sea n.咸海(中亚西亚地区) arctic adj.北极的Arctic Area n.北极地区arctic maritime adj.北极海洋的（ma）arid n.干旱arid environment n.干旱环境arid zones n.干旱地带artificial island n.人工岛asthenosphere n.软流圈atmosphere n.大气圈，大气atmospheric pressure n.气压atmospheric motion n.大气运动atoll n.环状珊瑚岛；环礁atoms n.原子Australia n.澳大利亚Austria n.奥地利autumnal equinox n.秋分axis n.轴;地轴Azores high n.亚速尔高压BBaikal n.贝加尔湖balance n.平衡Balkan Peninsula adj.巴尔干半岛Baltic Sea n.波罗的海Bangladesh n.孟加拉国barchan n.新月形沙丘basaltic adj.玄武岩的basin n.盆地bayou/estuary n.河口bed width n.河床宽度Berlin n.柏林Biosphere n.生物圈biotic adj.生物的birth rate n.出生率births n.出生Black Sea n.黑海bluffs n.悬崖Bombay n.孟买Brazil n.巴西Brazilian Highlands n.巴西高原breast feeding n.哺乳喂养Brisilia n.巴西利亚Bruno n.布鲁诺buckling and faulting n.弯曲和断层Buddha n.佛Buddhism n.佛教Bulgaria n.保加利亚Burma n.缅甸CCalcutta n.加尔各答Cambodia n.柬埔寨Canberra n.堪培拉canyon n.峡谷Cape of Good Hope n.好望角carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳carbon monoxide n.一氧化碳Caribbean Sea n.加勒比海carnivores n.食肉动物cash farming n.商品农业Caspian Sea n.里海cattle n.牲畜cattle ranching n.牧牛Caucasus Range n.大高加索山脉celestial body n.天体changes in daylight and darkness n.晨昏交替Chicago n.芝加哥Christianity n.基督教chromosphere n.色球circle of illumination n.晨昏线cirques, aretes, horns andU-shaped valleys n.冰斗、刃岭、角峰和U形山谷clearing showers n.晴朗阵雨climate n.气候clockwise n.顺时针coast n.海岸coastal plain n.滨海平原coastal zone n.海岸带coastline n.海岸线cold current n.寒流cold front n.冷锋cold wave n.寒潮combustion n.燃烧comet n.彗星commerce n.商业中心commercial center n.国际贸易commercial route n.商业通道communication and transportation n.交通运输commuters n.通勤者competition n.竞争components of population change n.人口组成的变化comprise v.包含；构成concentration n.集中condensation n.凝结condensation and lapse ratesn . 凝结作用和递减率conduction n.传导conflict vi.冲突;争执congested adj.拥挤的coniferous adj.松柏科的；针叶科的continental adj.大陆性的continental crust n.大陆地壳continental drift n.大陆飘移continental shelf n.大陆架continuous adj.连续的controls on weathering n.控制风化作用convection n.对流convergence n.辐合cooperation n.合作Copernicus n.哥白尼core n.地核Coriolis force n.科氏力counterclockwise n.逆时针counter-urbanization n.逆城市化Croatia n.克罗地亚crude birth rate n.自然出生率crude death rate n.自然死亡率crust n.地壳crystal shape n.晶体crystals n.水晶cultivated land n.耕地cumulonimbus n.积雨云current n.水流;气流cut-off n.截断cyclone n.气旋cyclonic adj.气旋的cyclonic disturbances n.气旋的扰动Czech n.捷克人Ddairy farming n. 乳畜业dam n.大坝Danube n.多瑙河daytime sea breeze n.日间海风De revolutionibus orbium coelestium n.天体运行论Dead Sea n.死海Deccan plateau n.德干高原decomposer n.分解者deforestation n.森林砍伐degrading n.降低deindustrialization n.后工业化deity n.神,神性delta n.三角洲delta plain n.三角洲平原density n.密度deposition n.沉积depression n.低气压depression n.凹陷;凹陷处depression belt n.低压带descending plate n.下降板块destruction of the tropical rainforest n.热带雨林的破坏detritivores n.食腐动物, 食碎屑者developing world city n.发展中的世界城市dew-point n.露点diameter n.直径differentiate vt.区分direct solar radiation n.太阳直射disastrous n.灾难性的discharge n.流量discontinuous adj.不连续的distribution of arid andsemi-arid environment n.干旱和半干旱环境的分布divergence n.辐散.diverse adj.不同的diversified adj.多样化的diversity n.多样性dolomite n.白云石downpour n.倾盆大雨downwind adj.顺风的drift n.漂流droplet n.小滴dry-hot wind n.干热风dune n.沙丘dwellings n.居住Eearth n.地球earth revolution n.地球公转earth rotation n.地球自转earthquake n.地震earth's axis n.地轴East Asia n.东亚ebb n.退潮ecliptic plane / earth's orbit plane n.黄道ecological service n.生态服务economic increase n.经济增长economy n.经济ecosystem n.生态系统effect of friction n.摩檫力作用Egypt n.埃及electromagnetic wave n.电磁波element n.要素elevation n.海拔ellipse n.椭圆England n.英国environment n. 环境environmental issue n.环境污染environmental logo n.环境标志environmental pollution n.生态破坏environmental protection n.环境保护equator n.赤道equatorial low n.赤道低压equatorial though n.赤道低压槽equinox n.春分;秋分erosion n.侵蚀establish vt.建立Ethiopia n.埃塞俄比亚Ethiopian adj.埃塞俄比亚的Euphrates n.幼发拉底河Eurasian adj.欧亚(大陆)的European Union(EU) n.欧洲联盟evaporation n.蒸发evergreen adj.长绿的Everest n.珠穆朗玛峰exchange of energy between earth and atmosphere n.地球和大气层之间的能量的交换exclusive economic zone n.专属经济区exploit vt.开采开发extensive farming n.粗放农业extinct adj.以熄灭的extragalactic system n.河外星系Ffactors of agricultural location n.农业区位因素factors of industrial location n.工业区位因素factors of urban location n.城市区位因素farming outputs n.农业产出farming inputs n.农业投入fault n.断层fertile adj.肥沃的fertility n.肥力；出生率financial center n.金融中心first quarter moon n.上弦月fish farming n.渔业fishing ground n.渔场flatten v.变平float vi.漂浮floodplain n.泛滥平原fog n.雾fohn effect n.焚风作用fohn winds n.焚风fold n.褶皱fold mountains n.褶皱山地formation of precipitation n.降水的形成formulate vt. 规划;设计fossil n.化石France n.法国freeze-thaw n.冻融；冻土－解冻frigid zone n.寒带front n.锋frontal surface n.锋面frontal rain n.锋面雨frost n.霜冻frozen soil n.冻土Fuji-san n.富士山full moon n.满月；望月fumes n.烟雾fungi n.真菌GGalaxy n.银河系gale n.狂风Galileo n.伽利略Ganges n.恒河gaseous adj.气体的general atmospheric circulation n.大气环流geological processes n.地质作用geological disaster n.地质灾害geological time n.地质时期geomorphy n.地貌geostrophic wind n.地转风Germany n.德国glacial age n.冰期glacial deposition n.冰川沉积glacial erosion n.冰川侵蚀glaciate vt. 使结冰;以冰覆盖glaciation n.冰川作用glacier n.冰川global circulation models n.全球环流模式global warming n. 全球变暖gobi n.戈壁gorge n.峡谷gradient n.坡度gradient wind n.梯度风granular n.粒状Great Rift Valley n.大裂谷Greece n.希腊Green revolution n.绿色革命greenhouse effect n.大气保温效应greenhouse effect n.温室效应Greenland n.格陵兰岛Greenwich Observatory n.格林尼治天文台Gross National Product （GNP） n.国民生产总值gulf n.海湾Gulf of Genoa n.热那亚湾Gulf of Mexico n.墨西哥湾gutters n.排水沟Hhandicraft industry n.手工业harmonize v.使协调一致heliocentric theory n.日心说helmet n.头盔hemisphere n.半球herbivores n.食草动物hierarchy n.等级high pressure n.高压highway transportation n.公路运输Himalayas n.喜马拉雅山脉Hokkaido n.北海道岛hollow adj.空的horizontal n.地平线housing problem n.住房问题how winds are steered in the upper atmosphere n.在大气上层风是怎样进行human and economic factors n.人文及经济因素humidity n.湿度humification n.腐殖化hurricane n.飓风hydroelectric adj.水力电气的hydroelectric power plant n.水力发电站hydrosphere n.（地）水圈……………………………………IIce sheet n.（地）大冰原；冰盾；冰盖immigration n.迁进；外来居民impact n.影响increase v.增加Indian n.印度Indochina Peninsula n.中南半岛Indonesia n. 印度尼西亚Indus River n.印度河industrial concentration n.工业集聚industrial dispersion n.工业分散industrial location n.工业区位industrialization n.工业化industry n.工业infant n.婴儿infertile adj.不肥沃的innovation n.革新input-output system n.投入－产出系统intensive farming n.集约农业intermittent showers n.阵international adj.国际的international trade n.金融中心internet n.商业intervene vi.介乎于…其间ionosphere n.电离层Iran n.伊朗Iraq n.伊拉克irrigation n.灌溉；冲洗Islam n.伊斯兰教island arcs n.岛弧Island Shikoku n.四国岛isobar n.等压线isotherms n.等温线Israel n.以色列Italy n.意大利JJapan n.日本Java n.爪哇岛Jerusalem n.耶路撒冷Jordan n.约旦Judaism n. 犹太教Jupiter n.木星Jurassic adj.侏罗纪的，侏罗系的KKarst n.喀斯特地貌katabatic wind n.下降气流风Kenya n.肯尼亚Kepler n.开普勒Kilimanjaro n.乞力马扎罗山Kobe n.神户Kuwait n.科威特Kyushu n.九州岛Llabour n.劳动力lag time n.延迟时间lagoon n.泻湖Lake Erie n.伊利湖Lake Huron n.休伦湖Lake Michigan n.密歇根湖Lake Ontario n.安大略湖Lake Superior n.苏比利尔湖land n.土地land and ocean changes n.海陆变迁land and sea breezes n.陆地和海洋的微风land and water distribution n.海陆分布land degradation and desertification n.土地退化和沙漠化landform n.地形landforms produced by glacial erosion n.冰川侵蚀形成的地形landmark n.陆标;地界标landslide n.滑坡Laos n.老挝Latin America n.拉丁美洲latitude n.纬度layer n.层；圈层leeward n.下风Liechtenstein adj.列支敦士登的light-year n.光年limestone n.石灰石linear speed n.线速度lithosphere n.（地）岩石圈，地壳local wind n.区域风；局地风location n.区位logging n.伐木London n.伦敦Longitude n.经度Los Angeles n.洛杉矶low pressure n.低压low-latitude (tropical)weather systems n.低纬度（热带）天气系统low-lying adj.低的lunar year n.农历Mmacula n.太阳黑子Madagascar n.马达加斯加岛magma rock n.岩浆岩magnetic field n.磁场magnetic storm n.磁暴main factors and processes affecting population size and distribution n.影响人口大小和分布的主要因素和过程mainland n.大陆maintain v.维持;建立；majority n.大多数;过半数Makkah n.麦加Malay Archipelago n.马来群岛Malaysia n.马来西亚man-earth relationship n.人地关系manned spaceship n.载人飞船mantle n.地幔Mariana Trench n.马里亚纳海沟marine adj.海的；海中的maritime n.海洋maritime climate n.海洋性气候market n.市场Mars n.火星marsh n.沼泽massive adj.巨大的;大块的mean density n.平均密度meanders n.曲流mediterranean adj.地中海的Mediterranean Sea n.地中海Mediterranean zone n.地中海带Mekong River n.湄公河meltwater n.融雪水Mercury n.水星meridian n.经线mesa n.台地mesosphere n.散逸层、中间层metagalaxy n.总星系；宇宙metamorphic rock n.变质岩metamorphism n.变质作用meteoroid n.流星体midday n.正午middle and high latitudes n.中、高纬度Middle Asia n.中亚Middle East n.中东mid-latitude cyclonic belt n.中纬度气旋带mid-latitude weather systems n.中纬度的天气系统midnight n.午夜migration n.迁移military adj.军事的;军用的mineral n.矿物Mississippi n.密西西比河mixed farming n.混合农业mode of transport n.运输方式modern agriculture n.现代农业Moho n.莫霍面molecules n.分子monogamy n.一夫一妻制monsoon n.季风;雨季moraines n.冰碛morphology of the urban heat island n.城市热岛地形mortality n.死亡率………………………………Moscow n.莫斯科moss n.苔,藓mountain and valley winds n.山地和山谷风mountaineering n.登山mud-rock flow n.泥石流Nnationality n.民族natural resource n.自然资源natural zone n.自然带navigate v.航行;航海nebula n.星云needle leaves n.针叶Neptune n.海王星Netherlands n.荷兰New Delhi n.新德里new moon n.朔月new towns and green belts n.新城镇和绿带New York n.纽约newly rising industry n.新兴工业Nigeria n.尼日利亚Nile n.尼罗河nitrogen n.氮Noah's Ark n.诺亚方舟nocturnal land breeze n.夜间陆地风noise pollution n.噪声污染nomadism n.游牧non-commercial adj.非商业的North Asia n.北亚North Pole n.北极north-east monsoon n.东北季风Norway n.挪威noxious adj.有害的nuclear adj. (核)核子的;原子能的nuclear fusion reaction n.核聚变Ooasis n.绿洲Ob n. 鄂毕河oblate adj.（数）椭圆的；扁圆的；oblique adj.斜的occluded front n.锢囚锋occupy v.占据;占有ocean current n.洋流ocean ridges n.洋脊omnivores n.杂食动物optimum population n.最佳人口orbit n.(天体等)运行轨道organic substance n.有机物organism n.生物organization n.组织origin n.起源Osaka n.大阪outer core n.外地核out-migration n.迁出outwash n.冲刷overpopulation n.人口过剩overtaking v.超越ownership n.所有权;物主身份ox-bow lake n.牛轭湖oxygen n.氧ozone n.臭氧ozonosphere n.臭氧层Ppaddy field n.水田Pakistan n.巴基斯坦Pamirs n.帕米尔高原Pampas n.南美大草原，潘帕斯草原Panama Canal n.巴拿马运河parallel n.纬线Paris n.巴黎pastoral farming n.畜牧业pasture n.牧场penguin n.企鹅peninsula n.半岛perihelion n.对流层顶periods of growth n.增长的周期perpendicular adj.垂直的Persian adj.波斯的,波斯人Persian Gulf n.波斯湾Persist n.持续Pesticide n.杀虫剂phases of the moon n.月相photochemical adj.光化学的Photosphere n.日冕photosynthesis n.光合作用phreatic water n. 潜水；地下水physical factors n.自然因素pigment n.色素pipeline transport n.航空运输plain n.平原Planalto do Brasil n.巴西高原planet n.行星plantations n.种植plants n.植物plate n.板块plate tectonic theory n.板块构造学说plate tectonics n.板块构造plateau n.高原Pluto n.冥王星polar circle n.极圈polar continental adj.极地大陆的polar high n.极地高压polar maritime adj.极地海洋的（mp）polar night n.极昼Polar Plat n.南极高原polar region n.极区；极地pollutant n.污染物pollution n.污染pond as an ecosystem n.作为一个生态系统的水塘pools and riffles n.池沼和浅滩population density n.人口密度population distribution and change n.人口分布和变化population explosion n.人口爆炸population growth n.人口增长population policy n.人口政策population pressure n.人口压力population size and distribution factors n.人口大小和分布populous adj.人口密集的port n.港口precipitation n.降水量;雨量precipitation patterns n.降水类型pressure gradient n.气压梯度pressure low n.低（气）压pressure high n.高（气）压pressure-gradient force n.压力梯度力prevailing wind n.盛行风prime meridian n.本初子午线primitive farming n.原始农业prisere n.演替productivity n.生产力promote v.提升protection n.保护Pyramid n.金字塔Qquality n.质量Rrace n.种族radiation and sunshine n.辐射和日照railway transportation n.铁路运输rainforest n.热带雨林rainstorm n.暴风雨raw materials n.原料ray n.射线;光线reclamation n.开垦Red Sea n.红海relationship n.关系religion n.宗教residential area n.居住区resource n.资源revolution n.绕转;旋转;旋转一周revolution cycle n.公转周期Rhine n.莱茵河rice farming n.水稻种植业ridge v.使成脊；使降起riffle n.浅滩rill n.小溪Rio de Janerio n.里约热内卢river channel n.河道river's load n.河流搬运rock n.岩石Rocky Mountains n.落基山脉Roma n.罗马Romania n.罗马尼亚rotation n.旋转;旋转一周rotation cycle n.自周期Rotterdam n.鹿特丹runoff n.径流rural area n.乡村Rural Settlement n.乡村聚落Russia n.俄罗斯SSahara n.撒哈拉Sahara Desert n.撒哈拉沙漠Saint Petersburg n.圣彼得堡salinity n.盐分;盐度San Francisco n.圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）sand dunes in hot deserts n.热沙漠的沙丘sandstorm n.沙尘暴satellite n.卫星satellite town n.卫星城saturated vapour pressure n.饱和蒸汽压Saturn n.土星Saudi Arabia n.沙特阿拉伯Savannas n.热带稀树草原Scandinavia n.斯堪的纳维亚scary n.断崖scattered adj.分散的scrub n.灌木林seal n.海豹sea-level n.海平面seaport n.海港;港口都市seasonal variation in river flow :the regime n.河流季节变化：变律sediment rock n.沉积岩sedimentary deposit n.沉积物sedimentation n.沉积作用seismic adj.地震的semitropical adj.副热带的;亚热带的settlement n.聚落shallow beach n.浅滩shell n.壳side beach n.边滩sidereal day n.恒星日sidereal year n.恒星年signatory n.签约国silted up n.淤积sima n.硅镁层Singapore n.新加坡site n.地点situation n.位置sleet shower n.降雨雪Slovakia n.斯洛伐克slums n.贫民区socio-economic determinants n.社会－经济的决定因素soil n.土壤soil erosion n.水土流失soil profile n.土壤剖面solar activity n.太阳活动solar altitude n.太阳高度Solar Constant n.太阳常数solar day n.太阳日solar energy n.太阳能solar flare n.耀斑solar radiation n.太阳辐射solar system n.太阳系solid shape n.固态solid inner core n.固体内核solstice n.至日；至点South Asia n.南亚South Pole n.（地）南极Southeast Asia n.东南亚south-west monsoon n.西南季风space explorer n.空间探测器space shuttle n.航天飞机space station n.航天站sparse adj.稀少的sparsely adv.稀疏的,稀少的species n.种;类spin v.快速旋转;回旋split v.分开,分离spring equinox n.春分star n.恒星stature n.身材steppe n.干草原strait n.地峡;海峡Strait of Gibraltar n.直布罗陀海峡Strait of Malacca n.马六甲海峡stratosphere n.平流层；同温层…………………………………………structure of the air above the urban area n.城市地区上空空气的结构subduction n.俯冲作用subpolar low n.副极地低压sub-Saharan Africa n.撒哈拉以南的非洲subsiding n.下沉subsistence agriculture n.自给农业subsolar point n.太阳直射点subtropical high n.副热带高压sub-tropical highs n.亚热带高气压succession n.演替Suez Canal n.苏伊士运河Sumatra n.苏门答腊岛summer solstice n.夏至summit n.顶点sun n.太阳sunlight hours n.日照小时sunlit adj.太阳照射的superenergy electronic particles n.高能带电粒子sustainable development n.可持续发展Sweden n.瑞典Switzerland n.瑞士Sydney n.悉尼Ttall grasses n.高草Tasmania n.塔斯马尼亚岛tectonic plate n.地壳构造板块Tectonic plate dirft n.板块漂移telescope n.天文望远镜temperate coniferous forestn.温带针叶林temperate deciduous broadleafforest n.温带落叶阔叶林temperate deciduous woodlandn.温带落叶林地temperate grasslands (steppe) n.温带草原（干草原)temperate zone n.温带temperature n.温度Tethys n.古地中海,特提斯海Thailand n.泰国the effect of city morphology on radiation received at the surface n.城市地貌对地表接受辐射的影响theories of plate motions and oceans ridges n.板块运动和大洋中脊理论thermal n.热的thermosphere n.热成层；电离层third quarter moon n.下弦月Three Gorges Dam n.三峡大坝thunder n.雷thunderstorms n.雷暴雨Tibet Plateau n.青藏高原tidal size n.潮汐大小tide and the tidal cycle n.潮汐和潮周期Tigris n.底格里斯河till n.冰碛物time zone n.时区Tokyo n.东京torrents n.山洪total fertility rate n.总的出生率trade-wind n.信风traditional farming n.传统农业traffic problems n.交通问题transitional adj.过渡的transport n.交通运输transport line n.管道运输transport junction /transport network n.交通运输网transportation n.运输transportation artery n.运输要道treatment n.处置,处理;治疗treaty n.条约;谈判trench n.海沟tributary n.支流trophic pyramid n. 营养（食物）金字塔tropic n.回归线Tropic of Cancer n.北回归线Tropic of Capricorn n.南回归线tropic zone n.热带tropical continental adj.热带大陆的tropical cyclone n.旋风;飓风;气旋；热带气旋tropical disturbances n.热带扰动tropical maritime adj.热带海洋的tropical rainforest n.热带雨林tropical semi-arid n.热带的半干旱tropical year n.回归年tropicalplant n.热带植物troposphere n.对流层tundra n.(北极地区的)冻原;苔原tundra belt n.苔原带turbulence n.湍流Turkey Strait n.土耳其海峡typhoon n.(气)台风UUkraine n.乌克兰ultraviolet ray n.紫外线underlying surface n.下垫面underneath n.在…下面undernourished adj.营养不良的underpopulation n.人口不足United Nations n.联合国United States n.美国uplift n.上升upper mantle n.上地幔upstream n.上游Ural Mountains n.乌拉尔山Uranus n.天王星urban heat island n.城市热岛urban microclimates n.城市小气候urban planning n.城市规划urban problems n.城市问题urban road network n.城市道路网urban settlement n.城市聚落urbanization n.城市化urban-rural shift n.城市－乡村迁移utilization n.利用Vvaried adj.多变的vegetation n.植物vegetation cover n.植被覆盖Venus n.金星vernal adj.春天的vertical stratification n.垂直的分层vessel n.血管;脉管Vienna n.维也纳Vietnam n.越南views of population growth n.人口增长观点vigorous adj.有力的Vladivostok n.夫拉迪乌克托克volcano n.火山Volga n.伏尔加河volume n.体积Wwarm current n.暖流warm front n.暖锋warm front approaches n.暖锋临近warm sector n.暖区Washington n.华盛顿wash-load n.冲积物water circulation n.水循环water level n.水位water source n.水资源water vapor n.水蒸汽waterfall n.瀑布waterway n.排水道waves and tides n.波浪和潮汐weapon n.武器weather n.天气weather associated with adepression n.与低压有关的天气weather forecast n.天气预报weather system n.天气系统weathering n.风化作用West Asia n.西亚West Siberian Plain n.西西伯利亚高原westerlies n.西风带wet and dry tropics n.湿润的和干燥的热带whale n.鲸;捕鲸wind v.弯曲windward adj.上风的，迎风的winter n.冬天winter solstice n.冬至world distribution n.世界分布World Trade Organization n.世界贸易组织XX ray n. X射线xerophytes n.旱生植物Yγ ray n. γ射线Ztimezone n.区时欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。
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中文 正残积风化壳 碎屑型风化壳 硅铝粘土型风化壳 硅铝碳酸盐型风化壳 硅铝－氧化物－硫酸盐风化 壳 硅铝－铁质和富铝型风化壳 剥落 页状剥落 块状崩落 结壳作用 块状崩落 结壳作用 盐屑堆 盐屑锥
physical geography integrated physical geography general physical geography natural complex territorial natural complex physical geographic process natural potential productivity progressive factor relic factor three dimension zonality horizontal zone vertical zone zonality
中文 山间盆地 山峰 崖 山麓平原 高原 峡谷 谷 沟谷 冲沟 山形 山志 阶地 台地 洼地 坡地
英文 intermountain basin mountain peak cliff, scarp piedmont plain plateau gorge, canyon valley ravine gully mountain forms orography terrace tableland, platform depression slope
中文 非地带性 水平地带性 垂直地带性 地方性 坡向 阳坡 阴坡 山体效应 综合自然区划 雪带 亚雪带 高山 亚高山 山地
英文 azonality horizontal zonality vertical zonality locality exposure adret, sunny slope ubac, shady slope Massenerhebungseffekt(德） , integrated physicogeographical regionalization nival belt subnival belt alpine subalpine mountains
中文 内陆 地理单元 区划 带 地带 区域 地区 小区
英文 inland geographical unit regionalization belt zone region area district
02 自 然 地 理学
中文 英文
自然地理学 综合自然地理学 普通自然地理学 自然综合体 地域自然综合体 自然地理过程 自然生产潜力 进展因素 残留因素 三维地带性 水平地带 垂直地带 地带性
中文
英文
相关沉积 地壳均衡 新构造运动 构造地貌学
丹霞地貌 构造高原 构造阶地 单面山 方山 猪背脊 线形现象 断层崖 断层线崖 断层三角面
correlated sediments isostasy neotectonic movement structural geomorphology, tectonic geomorphology “Danxia” landform structural plateau structural terrace cuesta(西） mesa hogback ridge lineament fault scarp fault-line scarp triangular facet
中文 山 山脉 岭 峰 山麓 半岛 岛屿 群岛 海峡 地峡 海拔（高度） 相对高度 山嘴 盆地 山间盆地
英文 mountain mountain range, mountain chain range, ridge peak, mount piedmont peninsula island archipelago strait isthmus altitude, height above sea level relative height mountain spur basin intermountain basin
中文
英文
负地貌 正常地貌 倒置地貌 地貌倒置 刻蚀地貌 夷平作用 夷平面 准平面 剥蚀面 山麓[侵蚀]面 山麓侵蚀平面 山顶面 侵蚀循环 回春作用
negative landform normal landform inverted landform inversion of landform erosional landform planation surface peneplain denudation suface erosion surface pediment pediplain summit plane erosion cycle rejuvenation
中文 掏蚀 侵蚀基[准]面 总侵蚀基[准]面 局部侵蚀基[准]面 裂点 沉积作用 堆积作用 堆积物 加积作用 沉积相 地貌世代 地貌序列 地形基面 地貌组合 正地貌
英文 undercutting base level of erosion general base level local base level knick point sedimentation, deposition deposition, accumulation deposit aggradation sedimentary facies generation of landforms landforms series base level landform assemblage positive landform
中文 地球表层 地理系统 地理圈 景观圈 岩石圈 水圈 大气圈 土壤圈 生物圈 地圈 智能圈 技术圈 北半球 南半球 地球体
英文 epigeosphere geosystem geographical sphere landscape sphere lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere pedosphere biosphere geosphere noonsphere technosphere northern hemisphere southern hemisphere geoid
中文 地理因子 地理过程 地理分布 地理界线 地理综合 地理考察 综合考察 区域分析 区域分异 生存空间 生存承载能力 环境决定论 灾变论 地球 地球表面
英文 geographical factors geographical process geographical distribution geographical boundary geographical synthesis geographical survey integrated survey regional analysis regional differentiation living space life-carrying capacity environmental determinism catastrophe theory earth earth surface
01 地 理 学 总 论
中文 地理学 统一地理学 普通地理学 系统地理学 区域地理学 理论地理学 应用地理学 元地理学 地文学 地质学 古地理学 地理学体系 地理环境 英文 geography unified geography general geography systematic geography regional geography theoretical geography applied geography metageography physiography chorography paleogeogpraphy geographical system geographical environment
中文
英文
地理纬度 地理经度 北极 南极 极圈 北回归线 南回归线 赤道 时区 日界线 极昼 极夜 洲 大陆 洋
Hale Waihona Puke latitude longitude North Pole South Pole Arctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn equator time zone date line polar day polar night continent ocean sea
中文 荒漠 荒漠化 沙漠 岩漠 砾漠 泥漠 盐漠 戈壁 绿洲 景观学 景观 相 自然景观 土地
英文 desert desertification sandy desert rocky desert gravel desert argillaceous desert salt desert gobi oasis landscape science landscape facies natural landscape land
中文 坡度 基岩 地貌过程 侵蚀[作用] 雨滴侵蚀 剥蚀[作用] 刻蚀 溶蚀 冲刷 片蚀 溯源侵蚀 下切侵蚀 侧[向侵]
英文 slope, gradient bedrock geomorphological process erosion raindrop erosion denudation corrasion corrosion wash, erosion sheet erosion headward erosion downcutting, incision, vertical erosion lateral erosion
中文 土地系统 土地分类 土地类型 土地单元 土地要素 土地刻面 刻面联合体 土地属性 生态地理学 地生态学 景观生态学 生态系统 生态平衡 生态区域 生态小区
英文 land system land classification land type land unit land element land facet facet combination terrain characteristics ecogeography geoecology landscape ecology ecosystem ecological balance ecoregion ecodistict