状语从句学案

状语从句张传宁

课前篇

考纲要求

1. 状语从句的引导词与介词的用法比较；状语从句与定语从句引导词的辨析。

2. 能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连接词的用法差异。

3. whatever, whenever, wherever等引导词与no matter wh-等引导词的不同用法。

牛刀小试

1. 【2012山东卷】3

2. A number of high buildings have arisen _______ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.

A. when

B. where

C. before

D. until

2. 【2012山东卷】27. He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.

A. as

B. if

C. unless

D. though

3. 【2012福建卷】30. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_________ gets more financial support from the European Union.

A. if

B. unless

C. because

D. since

4. 【2012江西卷】31．You can borrow my car _________you promise not to drive too fast.

A．unless B．even if C．in case D．as long as

5. 【2012辽宁卷】30. Leave your key with your neighbor____________you lock yourself out one day.

A. as long as

B. even though

C. in case

D. as if

知长问短

课上篇

高考趋势

状语从句是每年高考单项填空部分必考的题目之一，未来的高考也不例外。考查的重点仍然是考生容易混淆的近似连词的用法，试题的结构将越来越复杂，设问的角度将越来越多样化。

语法脉络

品味语法

一、时间状语从句

(一) when, while和as

1,when

When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.

在下列句子中，when 的含义是：_____________。

We were having a meeting when someone broke in.

We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain

She was on the point of going to shop when the telephone rang..

Hardly had I arrived when the train left.

He had just finished his home work when someone asked him to play basketball.

总结：

①____________________________________

②____________________________________

③____________________________________

④____________________________________

⑤____________________________________

2,while ,观察例句并总结用法：

We were listening /listened to the radio while he was reading newspaper.

I like tea while he like coffee.

Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.

总结：while引导的从句谓语动词必须是_______________________, 常用___________时。

作为并列连词，表示_________________，翻译成_____________；语气比but ________。

把while的含义写在后面括号内：

While we didn’t agree, we continue to be good friends.( )

While they are my neighbors, I don’t kn ow them well.( )

Strike the iron while it is hot. ( )

总结：while 除了引导时间状语从句外，还可以引导___________。

3. as引导时间状语从句：

As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer.

He hurried home, looking behind as he went.

从属连词as 可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为_____________________。

温馨提示：当主句表示的是短暂的动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when ,while ,as 可互换使用。

When /While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.

（二）as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner…than…, hardly( scarcely)…when…

这些从属连词引导的从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为_____________________.

The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.

No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.

The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.

注意：在no sooner…than …;hardly/scarcely…when 结构中，主句用_____________，从句使用__________________时态。此外，当把no sooner 或hardly等提到句首时，应用_______________语序。

I had hardly got home when it began to rain.

=Hardly ________________________________________________.

I had no sooner come home than it began to rain.

=No sooner _____________________________________________.

题组训练英译汉：

They phoned immediately they reached home.

______________________________________________________

The year my brother joined the army I graduated from the high school.

_____________________________________________________

Every time I see her, she is always busy.

________________________________________________________

I want to see her the moment she arrives.

_______________________________________________________

（三）till，until 和not … until

He remained there until she arrived.

You may stay here until the rain stops.

He won’t go to bed until she returns.

Until you told me I have no idea of it.

It was not unti l you told me that I had any idea of it.

Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.