《句子成分和基本句型的讲解》

He laughed at his classmates.
He can speak English.
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宾语
• 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．
She plays the piano.
He often helps me.
• A.Did
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B. twins
C. have D. breakfast
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• (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，） • ① My brother hasn't done his homework. • ② People all over the world speak English. • ③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. • ④ How many new words did you learn last class? • ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go
Reading is useful.
To see 来自百度文库s to believe.
They are good friends.
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谓语：
• 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由 简单动词或者动词短语构成．
They are teachers.
She looks well.
He studies hard.
• 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现 在分词和过去分词充当．
• If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
• Leave the door open.
•We found John out when we arrived.
• Make yourself at home.
第1 S+V 种 第２ Ｓ＋Ｖ＋０ 种
主语 谓语 表语/宾 S 动词 语
v
p
We work
He plays
宾语 宾补
0
oc
violin.
第３ Ｓ＋ｖ＋ｐ We are student
种
s
第４ S+v+IO+DO she gave me 种
on the left. • ⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school. • ⑩2020T/4/h16ey didn't know who "Father Christmas" really14is.
• (四) 挑出下列句中的表语（5分， ）
week. • ③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next
term. • ④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. • ⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
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种类 类型
• ① The old man was feeling very tired. • ② Why is he worried about Jim? • ③ The leaves have turned yellow. • ④ Soon They all became interested in the
subject. • ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
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• (五) 挑出下列句中的定语（6分，）
• ① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. • ② What is your given name? • ③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. • ④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep
mother last year. • ④ To do today's homework without the
teacher's help is very difficult.
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• (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分， ）
• ① I don't like the picture on the wall.
In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
I was born on June 9th 1982 in Shanghai.
He is 2020/4/16 writing with a pen.
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• 句子成分练习题( 一 ) • (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，
• 主语补语 Tom was made monitor. 宾语补语
I made Tom monitor. 表语补语
I am sure to succeed.
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宾语补足语
• 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思， 还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意 思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用．
it. • ⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the
other machine.
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• (八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分， 5分钟）
• ① Please tell us a story. • ② My father bought a new bike for me last
• A. Do B. usually
C.go D. bus
• ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
• A. will be B. meeting afternoon
C. the library D.
• ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
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• It is a swimming pool.
状语
• 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发 生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词， 介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当， 也可由从句来充当．
He did it carefully.
Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.
• ② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
• ③ She found it difficult to do the work. • ④ They call me Lily sometimes. • ⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. • ⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on
• The black bike is mine.
• What’s your name? A broken vase.
• I have 5 books. A sleeping boy.
• They made paper flowers.
• The boy in the room is Jack.
• I have something to do.
）
• ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
• ② There is an old man coming here. • ③ The useful dictionary was given by my
• A. don't B. like
C. picture D. wall
• ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
• A. get
B. longer
C. days D. summer
• ③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
swimming, how about you? • ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. • ⑦ They made him monitor of the class. • ⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum
• I saw him enter the hall.
• The boss keeps them working all day.
• 2I020/h4/1e6 ard my name called.
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定语
• 定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容词，代词，数 词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词， 从句都可以充当定语．
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、 省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基 础。
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• １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的 部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从 句充当．它的位置一般在句首．
The girl is pretty.
the playground just now?
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• (七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分， 4分钟） • ① There was a big smile on her face. • ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. • ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. • ④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too
I am a teacher.
She is happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
My job is to teach English.
Seeing is believing.
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补语：补充说明。（由动词类别来决定）
补语的构成形式：1）名词 2）代词 3）形 容词 4）数词 5）不定式 6）-ing 形式 7）过去分词 8）介词短语
句子成分
和
基本句型
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句子包括哪些成分？
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、 状语和补语。英语的基本成分有8种：主语（subject）、谓语 （predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语 （attribute）、状语(adverbial)、同位语appositive 和补语 （complement）。
fast. • ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li
hurried off. • ⑥ She loves the library because she loves books. • ⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for
I like watching TV.
She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
I think 2020/4/16 that he is a good guy.
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表语：
• 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词， 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面．
the floor. • ⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep. • ⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other
shoe!
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• (六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分， 4分 钟）
• ① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.