新标准大学英语翻译
新标准大学英语综合教程2课文翻译U3R3
Games people play in the US美国人参加的运动In America, different sports attract different people. Not everyone likes the same sports, and most people would agree that there isn't a single national sport, but three: baseball, football, and basketball.在美国，不同的运动吸引着不同的人群，并不是所有的人都喜爱同一种运动，但大多数人会同意，美国全国性的运动不是一个而是三个：棒球、橄榄球和篮球。
Baseball as a spectator sport is a truly relaxed and leisurely activity. It's not an intense game full of action, but one which was born in a slower, more peaceful age. For a few hours, it can seem that the most important thing in a fan's life is to watch the players discuss their tactics, spring to life with sudden bursts of activity, and then return to a state of play which uses less energy.作为一种观赏运动，棒球真的是一种放松、悠闲的活动。
它并不是动感十足的剧烈运动，而是诞生在生活节奏比较缓慢、比较太平的年代的一项运动。
在几个小时里，球迷生活中最重要的事情似乎是看球员如何商量战术，如何突然发力，轮番攻防，然后又回到不太费力的玩耍状态。
新标准大学英语4课文翻译
Unit 1 Active reading (1)大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦More than 650,000 students left university this summer and many have no idea about the way to get a job.How tough should a parent be to galvanize them in these financially fraught times?今年夏天，超过 65万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。
在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？In July,you looked on as your handsome 21-year-old son,dressed in gown and mortarboard,proudly clutched his honours degree for his graduation photo.Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to the odd party,began to fade.Until now.七月，你看着 21岁英俊的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着优等学士学位证书，拍毕业照。
这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、能参加奇特聚会的印象开始消退。
总算熬到头了。
As the summer break comes to a close and students across the country prepare for the start of a new term,you find that your graduate son is still spending days slumped in front of the television,broken only by texting,Facebook and visits to the pub.This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Grunt.Will he ever get a job?等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。
新标准大学英语3课文翻译
新标准大学英语3课文翻译Unit 1 Friendship。
Part I Pre-reading Task。
1. The text is about friendship and the importance of friendship in our lives.2. The text is likely to discuss the qualities of a good friend and the benefits of having good friends.3. I think the text will be interesting and informative, and it will provide insights into the value of friendship.Part II Text A。
Friendship。
Friendship is one of the most precious things in our lives. It is a relationship that brings joy and support, and it is something that many people cherish deeply. Friends are the people we can rely on, share our thoughts and feelings with, and have fun with. A good friend is someone who is there for you in times of need, who listens to you without judgment, and who understands you even when you don't say a word.Part III Text B。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文翻译
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文翻译Unit 1: GlobalizationText AGlobalization is defined as the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through the exchange of goods, services, and ideas. With the rapid development of technology and transportation, globalization has become a dominant force shaping the world we live in.The benefits of globalization are evident in various aspects of our lives. Economically, it has created new market opportunities and allowed businesses to expand their reach beyond domestic boundaries. This has contributed to economic growth and job creation. Culturally, globalization has facilitated the exchange of cultural practices, ideas, and values, leading to a more diverse and interconnected world. It has also accelerated the spread of knowledge and information, making education more accessible and enabling the growth of scientific advancements.However, globalization also comes with challenges. One major concern is the growing wealth gap between the rich and the poor. While globalization has lifted many out of poverty, it has also widened income inequality within and between countries. Additionally, globalization has led to the homogenization of cultures, as dominant cultures tend to overshadow smaller, local ones. This can result in the loss of cultural diversity and traditions. To address these challenges, policymakers need to find ways toensure that the benefits of globalization are shared by all. This includes implementing fair trade practices, promoting sustainable development, and investing in education and healthcare. Furthermore, it is crucial to celebrate and preserve cultural diversity, respecting and valuing the unique contributions of different societies.In conclusion, globalization has drastically transformed the world we live in, bringing both benefits and challenges. By addressing these challenges head-on, we can create a more inclusive and sustainable global community that embraces diversity and promotes shared prosperity.Text BOver the past few decades, globalization has become an undeniable reality in our society. It is driven by factors such as advancements in technology, international trade, and the rapid flow of capital and information.Globalization has had a profound impact on the economy, politics, culture, and daily life of people around the world. Economically, it has allowed businesses to expand their operations globally, leading to increased trade and investment. Politically, it has fostered cooperation among nations and encouraged the formation of international organizations and agreements. Culturally, globalization has facilitated the exchange of ideas, art, music, and cuisine, resulting in a more interconnected and multicultural world. In our daily lives, globalization has made it easier for us to travel, communicate, and access products and services from differentparts of the world.However, globalization has also faced criticism and resistance. Critics argue that it often benefits multinational corporations and developed countries at the expense of developing nations and local communities. They claim that globalization promotes exploitation, weakens labor rights, and leads to the loss of traditional industries and jobs.Despite the challenges and criticisms, it is clear that globalization is here to stay. As our world becomes increasingly interconnected, it is essential to find ways to maximize its benefits while mitigating its negative effects. This requires strong international cooperation and policies that promote sustainable and inclusive growth.In conclusion, globalization is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that has significantly shaped our world. While it has brought about many positive changes, it also poses challenges that need to be addressed. Only through effective governance and cooperation can we harness the potential of globalization for the betterment of all.。
新标准大学英语2课文翻译
新标准大学英语2课文翻译Unit 1 Friendship。
Part I Pre-reading Task。
Friendship is a special kind of relationship that brings joy, comfort, and support to our lives. It is a bond that is built on trust, understanding, and mutual respect. In this unit, we will explore the theme of friendship through various texts and activities.Part II Text A。
The first text of this unit is a short story titled "The Gift of the Magi" by O. Henry. It tells the story of a young couple, Jim and Della, who are deeply in love but facing financial hardship. In order to buy each other Christmas gifts, they make sacrifices that ultimately demonstrate the depth of their love and their willingness to sacrifice for each other.Part III Text B。
The second text, "A Friend in Need is a Friend Indeed", is a proverb that emphasizes the importance of true friendship. It highlights the idea that a true friend is someone who stands by you in times of need, offering support and encouragement. This text will prompt us to reflect on the qualities of a good friend and the value of genuine connections in our lives.Part IV Text C。
新标准大学英语综合教程2课本翻译U2R1
War战争1 The passengers had had to stop at a small station in order to continue their journey by the small old-fashioned local train.旅客们不得不在一个小站停留，准备换乘老式小火车继续他们的旅程。
2 At dawn, a bulky woman in deep mourning was hoisted in – almost like a shapeless bundle. Behind her, puffing and moaning, followed her husband – a tiny man, thin and weakly, looking shy and uneasy.天亮时，一个深陷哀恸的大块头女人被架了进来——差不多像一捆没形的包袱卷。
跟在她身后，喘着粗气呻吟着的，是她的丈夫——一个小个子男人，又瘦又弱，表情羞怯不安。
3 Having at last taken a seat he politely thanked the passengers who had helped his wife and made room for her. The wife pulled up her collar again to her eyes, so as to hide her face.终于落了座，他彬彬有礼地感谢帮助他妻子、给她腾地儿的乘客。
他妻子又扯起衣领，盖上眼睛，把脸遮住。
4 And he felt it his duty to explain to his traveling companions that the war was taking away from her her only son, a boy of 20 to whom both had devoted their entire life, even allowing him to volunteer for war and now, all of a sudden, receiving a wire saying that he was due to leave in three days' time and asking them to go and see him off.他觉得有义务向旅伴们解释：战争就要夺走她的独生子，一个二十岁的小伙子，他们两口子把一辈子的心血都花在他身上，甚至允许他自愿参战；现在突然接到电报，说他三天之后就要开拔，要他们去为他送行。
新标准大学英语第一单元,课文翻译,短语,答案
Unit 1Useful ExpressionsText BKeys to ExercisesText A3. 34. b, c, c, d, c, a5. productive, attendance, resistance, ambitious, acceptance, script, impressive6. attendance, ambitious, productive, impressive, resistance, script, acceptance7. mortgage, deck, surf, coastal, defy, lengthy8. b, a, b, b, a, a, b, bText B2. c, d, b3. 34. triple, cemetery, rear, biography, cram, budding, finite, elapse5. elapsed, cemetery, rear, crammed, triple, budding, biography, finite6. a, b, a, a, b, b, a, a7. a, b, b, a, a, b, b, b, aLanguage in use1. • I’ve double- and triple-checked it. (compound verb)• budding crypt-kickers (compound noun)• a rear-view mirror (compound adjective)• the once-a-year holiday to Florida or Spain (compound adjective)• back-burner stuff (compound adjective)• standing at the corner of the Co-op (compound noun)• a sepia-coloured relative that no one can put a name to (compound adjective)2. a late-night party, a well-stocked library, a world-famous professor, some well-timedadvice, a rapidly-growing population, a free-market economy, a half-hour boat trip3. It’s how we behave that determines what other people think of us.It’s what our character is that usually determines what sort of job we are going to end up doing. It isn’t always what ma rks we get at university that determines what we do as a career.It is often what we experienced in our childhood that determines how we react to life’s problems.It’s what our genetic clock is and what changes we make to it that determine when we die.4. It wasn’t just that the shops were all closed for Thanksgiving, but there was no one in thestreets.It wasn’t just that she spent all her time at college going to pa rties, but she took the time togaina first class degree.It wasn’t just that they weren’t listening to what he said, but it seemed as if they weren’t at all interested.It wasn’t just that I was upset, but I felt as if I was going to burst out crying.It wasn’t just that the Grim Reaper was intended to frighten people, but it was also a figure of fun.6. 我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。
新标准大学英语视听说原文及翻译
Unit 1-- Conversation 1对话1第一单元——Janet: So this is the Cherwell Boathouse — it's lovely! And look at those people punting! It looks quite easy.珍尼特:这就是Cherwell船屋——它很可爱!看看这些人撑船!看起来相当简单。
Mark: I'm not so sure about that! Janet, there's something Kate and I wanted to discuss with you. Some people in college are organizing charity events this term. We've decided to get involved.马克:我不太清楚!珍妮,有什么东西凯特,我想和你讨论的问题。
有些人在大学组织公益活动这个术语。
我们已经决定参与。
Janet: Raising money for charity? Right. In China, people raise money for charity but students don't usually do that.珍尼特:为慈善事业筹集资金?正确的。
在中国,人们为慈善事业筹集资金,但学生们通常不这么做。
Mark: Students often do that here. Anyway, we're thinking of doing sponsored punting.马克:学生经常这样做在这里。
无论如何,我们想做那样的赞助撑船。
Janet: Sponsored punting! What's that?珍尼特:赞助撑船!那是什么?Kate: Sponsoring is when people pay you to do something —like run a long distance. So people would be sponsoring students to punt.凯特:赞助是当人们付出你做某件事——喜欢跑步一段很长的距离。
新标准大学英语1
新标准大学英语1----10单元课后翻译UNIT11. Finally, with my mother red in the face and short of breath, we find Room 8, I unlock the door, and we all walk in. 等我们终于找到8号房间的时候，妈妈已经涨红了脸，累得上气不接下气。
我打开门锁，我们都走了进去。
2. She impresses me, and I feel so ignorant that I shouldn't even breathe the same air as her.她给我留下了深刻的印象，我觉得自己太无知了，甚至不配跟她呼吸同样的空气。
3. I don't know why I have to be introduced to literature but the woman in the admissions office says it's a requirement even though I've read Dostoyevsky and Melville and that's admirable for someone without a high school education.我不知道为什么我非得了解文学。
可是招生办公室的那位女士说，虽然我读过陀思妥也夫斯基和梅尔维尔的小说，虽然一个没上过高中的人能读这些书的确令人敬佩，但这门课是必修课。
4. I'm in heaven and the first thing to do is buy the required textbooks, cover them with the purple and white NYU book jackets so that people in the subway will look at me admiringly.我乐得飘飘然了，第一件事就是去买所需要的课本，然后用纽约大学紫白相间的护封把它们套起来，这样地铁里的乘客就会向我投来艳羡的目光了。
新标准大学英语1课文翻译
新标准⼤学英语1课⽂翻译UNIT1AR1 ⼤⼀新⽣⽇记星期⽇从家⾥出发后，我们开车开了很长⼀段时间才到达我住的宿舍楼。
我进去登记。
宿舍管理员给了我⼀串钥匙，并告诉了我房间号。
我的房间在6楼，可电梯坏了。
等我们终于找到8号房的时候，妈妈已经涨红了脸，上⽓不接下⽓。
我打开门锁，我们都⾛了进去。
但爸爸马上就从⾥⾯钻了出来。
这个房间刚刚够⼀个⼈住，⼀家⼈都进去，肯定装不下。
我躺在床上，不动弹就可以碰到三⾯墙。
幸亏我哥哥和我的狗没⼀起来。
后来，爸爸妈妈就⾛了，只剩下我孤零零⼀个⼈。
周围只有书和⼀个箱⼦。
接下来我该做什么？星期⼀早上，有⼀个为⼀年级新⽣举办的咖啡早茶会。
我见到了我的导师，他个⼦⾼⾼的，肩膀厚实，好像打定了主意要逗⼈开⼼。
“你是从很远的地⽅来的吗？”他问我。
他边说话边晃悠脑袋，咖啡都洒到杯托⾥了。
“我家离爱丁堡不太远，开车⼤约6个⼩时，”我说。
“好极了！”他说，接着⼜⾛向站在我旁边的那个⼥孩⼉。
“你是从很远的地⽅来的吗？”他问。
但不等那⼥孩⼉作出任何回答，他就说到，“好极了！”然后就继续向前⾛。
他啜了⼀⼝咖啡，却惊讶地发现杯⼦是空的。
妈妈打来电话。
她问我是不是见到了导师。
星期⼆我觉得有点⼉饿，这才意识到我已经两天没吃东西了。
我下楼去，得知⼀天三餐我可以在餐厅⾥吃。
我下到餐厅排进了长队。
“早餐吃什么？”我问前⾯的男⽣。
“不知道。
我来得太晚了，吃不上早餐了。
这是午餐。
”午餐是⾃助餐，今天的菜谱是鸡⾁、⽶饭、⼟⾖、沙拉、蔬菜、奶酪、酸奶和⽔果。
前⾯的男⽣每样⼉都取⼀些放到托盘上，付了钱，坐下来吃。
我再也不觉得饿了。
妈妈打电话来。
她问我有没有好好吃饭。
星期三早上9点钟我要去听⼀个讲座。
我醒时已经8:45了。
竟然没有⼈叫我起床。
奇怪。
我穿好⾐服，急匆匆地赶到⼤讲堂。
我在⼀个睡眼惺忪的⼥⽣旁边坐下。
她看了看我，问：“刚起床？”她是怎么看出来的？讲座进⾏了1个⼩时。
结束时我看了看笔记，我根本就看不懂⾃⼰写的字。
新标准大学英语综合教程1课文翻译
新标准大学英语综合教程1课文翻译Unit 1 Friendship。
Part I Pre-reading Task。
1.1 Lead-in。
Friendship is an essential part of our lives. It brings us joy, support, and companionship. Through friendship, we learn about trust, loyalty, and mutual respect. In this unit, we will explore the theme of friendship and its importance in our lives.1.2 Background Information。
Friendship is a universal concept that transcends cultural and geographical boundaries. People from all walks of life seek and cherish friendships. It is a fundamental human need that enriches our lives and provides us with a sense of belonging.Part II Text A。
2.1 Text。
Friendship is one of the most valuable things in life. It is a bond that is built on trust, understanding, and mutual support. True friends are there for each other through thick and thin, offering a shoulder to lean on and a listening ear. They share our joys and sorrows, and their presence makes our lives richer and more meaningful.2.2 Vocabulary。
新标准大学英语综合教程2课文翻译
My dream comes true梦想成真1 The rain had started to fall gently through the evening air as darkness descended over Sydney. Hundreds of lights illuminated Stadium Australia, and the noise was deafening. As I walked towards the track I glanced around me at the sea of faces in the stands, but my mind was focused. The Olympic gold medal was just minutes away, hanging tantalisingly in the distance.当夜幕降临悉尼时，雨也开始悄悄地从夜空中飘落。
几百盏灯把澳大利亚体育场照得灯火通明，场内的声音震耳欲聋。
走向跑道时我看了一眼四周看台上无数的脸，但我的注意力还是很集中。
再过几分钟奥运金牌的归属就要见分晓了，它悬挂在远处，很诱人。
2 My heart was beating loudly, my mouth was dry and the adrenaline was pumping. I was so close to the realisation of my childhood dream and the feeling was fantastic; it was completely exhilarating, but also terrifying. I knew I would have to push myself beyond my known limits to ensure that my dream came true.我的心在剧烈地跳动，口干舌燥，肾上腺素猛增。
新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程 精读2 课后参考翻译
新标准大学英语综合教程2课后参考翻译第一单元课后翻译：现在中国大学生参加志愿活动已成为常态。
他们到社区为老年人服务，到山区助学，举办爱心捐赠活动，或到世博会（World Expo）或奥运会等重要国际活动担任志愿者。
参加志愿活动有助于学生获取专业技能，丰富社会经验，提高道德水平。
多数大学生都认为参与志愿服务是自己应尽的社会责任和义务，希望能做一些有意义的事情来回报社会，积极推动社会和谐发展。
Volunteering has now become the norm for college students in China. The volunteers may provide community services for senior citizens, support students in mountain areas in education, organize fundraising activities to help those in need, or work for major international projects such as the World Expo and the Olympic Games. Doing volunteer work is a useful way for students to enhance their professional skills and social experience as well as promoting their moral development. The majority of college students believe that it is their duty and obligation to participate in volunteer activities. They hope that they can do something meaningful and promote the development of social harmony.第二单元课后翻译：“不以物喜，不以己悲”出自北宋文学家范仲淹的名著《岳阳楼记》，意思是凡事都要以一颗平常心看待，不因外部事物的好坏和自己的得失而或喜或悲。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文翻译（1-10单元30篇）.
Unit 1-1Catching crabs1 In the fall of our finalyear, our mood changed.The relaxed atmosphereof the preceding summer semester, the impromptu ball games, the boating on the Charles River, the late-nightparties had disappeared, and we all started to get our headsdown, studying late, and attendanceat classes rose steeply again.We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we wouldnever get a chance like this again, and we became determinednot to wasteit.Most important of course were the finalexamsin Apriland May in the following year.No one wanted the humil iation of finishing last in class, so the peer grouppressure to work hard was strong.Libraries whichwere once emptyafterfive o'clockin the afternoon were standing room only untilthe earlyhoursof the morning, and guys wore the bags undertheir eyes and theirpale, sleepy faceswith pride, like medals proving theirdiligence.2 But therewas something else.At the back of everyone's mind was what we woulddo next, when we left universityin a few months' time.It wasn't always the high flyers with the top grades who knew what they were goingto do. Quiteoften it was the quieter, less impressivestudents who had the next stages of their life mapped out.One had landed a job in his brother's advertising firm in Madison Avenue, another had got a script underprovisionalacceptancein Hollywood.The most ambitious student amongus was goingto work as a partyactivist at a locallevel. We all saw him ending up in the Senate or in Congress one day.But most people were either looking to continue theirstudi抓螃蟹大学最后一年的秋天，我们的心情变了。
(完整word版)新标准大学英语3_UNIT1-Catching_Crabs原文+译文
Catching Crabs1 In the fall of our final year, our mood changed. the relaxed atmosphere of the preceding summer semester, the impromptu ball games, the boating on the Charles River, the late-night parties had disappeared, and we all started to get our heads down, studying late, and attendance at classes rose steeply again. We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chance like this again, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after five o'clock in the afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence.大学最后一年的秋天，我们的心情变了。
新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程 精读1 课后参考翻译
新标准大学英语综合教程1课后参考翻译Unit 1英译汉：T oday, a gap year refers mostly to a year taken before starting university or college. During their gap year, American students either engage in advanced academic courses or do some volunteer work to improve their knowledge, maturity, decision-making, leadership, independence, self-sufficiency and more, thus improving their résumés before going to college. British and European students, however, take a much more holiday-style approach to the gap year by generally working for 3–6 months and then travelling around the world before college begins. This is intended to expand their minds, personal confidence, experiences and interests prior to college. It is a much less structured approach than taken in the United States, and is generally viewed by parents as a formative year for young adults to become independent and learn a great deal of responsibility prior to engaging in university life.参考译文：如今，间隔年最为普遍的含义是指上大学前的一年。
新标准大学英语4课后翻译
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文翻译
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文翻译Unit1-1Catching crabs1 In the fall of our final year, our mood changed. The relaxed atmosphere of the preceding summer semester, the impromptu ball games, the boating on the Charles River, the late-night parties had disappeared, and we all started to get our heads down, studying late, and attendance at classes rose steeply again. We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chance like this again, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after five o'clock in the afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence.2 But there was something else. At the back of everyone's mind was what we would do next, when we left university in a few months' time. It wasn't always the high flyers with the top grades who knew what they were going to do. Quite often it was the quieter, less impressive students who had the next stages of their life mapped out. One had landed a job in his brother's advertising firm in Madison Avenue, another had got a script under provisional acceptance in Hollywood. The most ambitious student among us was going to work as a party activist at a local level. We all saw him ending up in the Senate or in Congress one day. But most people were either looking to continue their studies, or to make a living with a white-collar job in a bank, local government, or anything which would pay them enough to have a comfortable time in their early twenties, and then settle down with a family, a mortgage and some hope of promotion.3 I went home at Thanksgiving, and inevitably, my brothers and sisters kept asking me what I was planning to do. I didn't know what to say. Actually, I did know what to say, but I thought they'd probably criticize me, so I told them what 抓螃蟹1.大学最后一年的秋天，我们的心情变了。
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汉语学习须知有最新消息说美国正在策划一项新的在学校推广汉语的活动，而且最近的一则报道称，在英国估计有500多所学校在教授汉语。
为了便于在北京工作，我已经花了好几年时间学习汉语。
上面这两则消息使我想告诉你们一些也许你们不太想听的话：汉语真的特别、特别难学。
到2010年，英国对中国的出口预计将会增加三倍，所以英国政府要求英国的每一所小学、职业学校和大学都要和中国相应的教学机构结成伙伴关系。
在接下来的40年里，英语作为国际语言的主导地位是注定要衰落的。
所以，伴随着英语的衰落，人们对学习汉语的兴趣日益高涨。
中国文化是世界上的一个伟大奇迹。
中国的哲学、艺术、饮食和文学既显示出精妙的艺术，又闪烁着人性的光辉。
但是我要说一句。
如果我们把学习汉语比作一段旅程的话，那么有的时候你很难把注意力集中在目的地上，因为在通向熟练掌握汉语的路上，有太多的东西让你分心，让你走走停停。
你听说过万里长征吗？和学汉语相比，那简直就是在公园里漫步，不值一提。
那么，既然13亿中国人在学汉语时没有什么问题，为什么像我这样的笨老外会觉得汉语这么难学呢？首先，学习几千个汉字就是一件苦差事，除了把它们牢记在心之外，没有别的办法。
甚至在查字典的时候也会碰到一堆问题。
比如说，你怎么才能在字典里查到一个字的意思呢？为此我曾经花了很多时间。
首先我要确定这个字的偏旁部首，然后在我的汉英词典中的部首表里找到这个部首，然后再按照偏旁部首找到标有拼音（罗马字母）的这个字，然后再查找字典的词条找那个字，把那些意思不对的统统排除，直到找到那个正确的字为止。
这个过程需要很大的耐心，会让人灰心丧气。
说起来很丢人，我自己查汉字的速度每小时还不到20个字。
据语言专家估计，你“只”需要掌握5,000个汉字就能读写汉语了。
（我太喜欢这个“只”字了！）他们还说要记住一个字并且能够灵活运用，最好要在不同的语境下看到并温习这个字大概7次。
要花多少时间，你自己算吧。
学习汉语已经够难的了，可是如果碰上一个不合格的老师，那就是雪上加霜了。
在我们的第一堂汉语课上，我们学了第一个汉字“家”。
我们的老师告诉我们，中国人能够在这个字里看到它原来所代表的含义。
她把这个字写在白板上。
这个字的意思是“家”。
没问题。
然后她解释说这个字象征着屋顶下的一头猪。
这也没问题。
然后她问：“你们能看到猪吗？”看不到？“就在这里，你们看不到吗？”我没看见猪。
“那么，你们能看到屋顶吗？”嗯，如果我近视、有阅读障碍或者喝得酩酊大醉的话，没准我能看到。
但是为了取悦我的老师，我说我看到了，我能看见屋顶，就是有点模糊，没别的。
“猪在屋顶下面，那就意味着家！”我的老师得意洋洋地说，就好像她第一次成功地教我们学会了汉语。
其实，她根本没成功。
我要说的坏消息都说完了吗？还没呢。
汉语是有音调的，这意味着一个字的意思会随着音调的变化而变化。
你一不小心就会犯下无法挽回的错误。
如果你在中国各地游玩，情况会更糟糕，因为你会发现每一个省的音调都不一样。
那么我有什么好消息要告诉大家吗？好吧，我得承认汉语的语法比很多欧洲语言的语法要简单。
汉语没有什么动词时态，没有单复数，也没有关系从句。
（令人费解的是，汉语中“他”和“她”的发音居然是一样的。
我觉得这应该是语言里最基本的区别。
但也许是我太挑剔了。
）再回到课堂上，我注意到单词表中的每个单词旁都标注了词性，比如名词、形容词、动词。
再看看我的单词笔记，我发现有些词既可以用作动词也可以用作名词，还有些像“过”、“吧”、“了”这样的词被称为虚词。
不管“虚词”是什么意思，我们无法用我们描述语言的术语来描述虚词的功能。
汉语中的这些虚词是有意义的。
如果没有这些词，整个句子的意思就变了。
但是用一套原本用来分析欧洲语言的体系来分析汉语似乎有点奇怪。
那么为什么我们还要用这么一套有局限性的体系来分析汉语呢？然后，我就开始想：中国人是如何表达复杂概念的呢？以任何一个汉字为例，这个字会有它的字面意思，你可以在字典中找到它的字面意思。
把这个汉字和另外一个汉字组合在一起，你就创造出一个新的、完全不同的概念。
再把这两个字与更多的汉字组合，你就可以进一步扩展这个概念。
这和英语有很大的不同吗？对，是有很大不同，因为到了这个阶段，你需要先分析这些字的组合，然后才能理解其含义。
而要弄清这些组合在一起的字的意思，不能把每个字的字面意思简单地叠加在一起，而要综合领会那些字的内涵。
但是所有使用汉语的人需要就每个汉字的内涵达成共识，否则就会导致理解偏差。
那么中国人到底是如何表达复杂而精确的概念的呢？学习汉语就像下国际象棋或者是玩填字游戏，让人不由自主地全心投入、神魂颠倒，反正我是乐在其中——用“乐在其中”来形容可能并不准确，可我想不出什么更好的词了。
学习汉语不仅仅是一个语言习得的渐进过程，它也让我不停地去思考交流的意义和语言的力量。
汉语学习是一个极其美妙、极其鼓舞人心、引人深思的挑战。
我必须不断前进，因为这段旅程本身和到达目的地同样让我着迷。
但是完成这段旅程要花多少时间呢？有统计数据表明，一个受过教育的英语为母语的人需要花1,300小时才能达到一个受过教育的中国人的汉语水平。
但如果是学法语或西班牙语的话，要达到同等语言水平只需要480小时。
也有人认为1,300小时还不够，要差不多2,200小时。
这得上不少课。
麦克尔• 菲尔普斯，这位在北京奥运会上大放异彩的游泳冠军也在学习汉语。
在2008年的一次采访中，他的一番评价令人印象深刻：“在奥运会上拿8块金牌比学汉语要容易。
”这并非夸张。
他说的一点儿都没错Reading2保留最奇怪的英语拼写，还是进行拼写改革我们的文明已经发展到这样一个阶段：一方面作为一个群体，我们人类几乎无所不能；但是作为个体，我们几乎一无所能。
我们（作为一个群体的我们）可以解开最复杂的数学题，可我们的孩子连乘法表都记不住。
既然他们可以用计算器算出6乘7等于多少，还用得着记住乘法表吗？另外，在几个小时内我们就可以从纽约飞到斯德哥尔摩，但是你要问瑞典在哪儿，成千上万的人会先叹一口气，然后回答说他们中学的时候没有上过地理课，反正瑞典肯定是在地图上的某个地方。
我们没必要知道任何事情：只要有必要的软件，聪明的机器会替我们做完所有的工作，这样我们尽可以玩电子游戏，谈网恋。
那些最为悲观的反乌托邦作品也未预料到在群体的无所不知和个人的一无所知之间会有如此大的反差，在集体的智慧和个人的愚钝之间会有如此大的差异。
几百年来，英语国家的人一直想让英语拼写变得规则一些。
这些努力现在都已付之东流。
如今大多数孩子和成年人的拼写都糟糕透顶，不过没关系，拼写检查软件能够更正他们的错误。
虽然拼写检查软件不知道principle和principal之间的区别，不理解lose和loose / choose、descendent和descendant、affect和effect有多么容易混淆，但是它不会让拼写者写syllabus 这个词时候漏写一个字母l, 也不会让他们在拼写definitely这个词时将n后面的字母写成a （sylabus和definately可是各个年龄段的大学生最容易拼错的两个词）。
拼写改革这个想法已经退出历史舞台了；拼写检查软件已经把它彻底埋葬了。
我们将永远无法准确地区分deign 和disdain、proceed和precede、read（不定式）、read（过去式）和red（红色）、lead（铅）和lead-led-led（动词），以及till和until。
英语单词几乎和汉语的象形文字一样：每个单词的构词都不尽相同，都是一张通向文化世界的通行证，比如cough、tough、through、thorough、brought、doughty等等（译者注：这些词中字母组合ough的发音不同，这是拼写改革派认为应该改革的地方）。
就像人们常说“我在高中没有学过地理”一样，人们也常常说“我拼写很差。
”拼写差实在是太正常了，大家都这样。
千万别做那遭人唾弃的精英！所以呢，我在这里讲拼写改革的历史其实没有别的目的，只是跟大家交流一点信息而已。
大家往往会问：在所有的欧洲语言中，英语的拼写是否是最不规则的？事实确实是这样的。
法语、丹麦语、俄语、捷克语和匈牙利语的拼写都很不规则（捷克语和匈牙利语是因为它们的变音符号），但是和英语相比，那可就是小巫见大巫了。
德语有的时候很复杂，但还可以忍受。
而意大利语、西班牙语、荷兰语、瑞典语，尤其是芬兰语，这些语言的拼写简单得让人感激涕零。
所有人在拼写的时候都希望读音和字母之间有一种一一对应的关系。
但英语是不可能实现人们的这种愿望的，因为英语存在着巨大的地区差异，即使进行最激进的改革，也无法让所有的人都满意。
对于母语是英语的有些人来说，merry、marry和Mary这三个词的读音是有区别的，而有些人就不区分，读成同一个音。
在美国英语中，tutor和Tudor差不多是同音词；而在大西洋彼岸的英国，它们的读音就不同，就像foot和food的读音差别一样。
那些把yet读作yit的人肯定不能接受有人把它读作yet。
任何约定俗成的拼写都会侵犯某些人的“权利”。
拼写与读音也不应该永远是一致的。
字母i在divine和divinity这两个单词中的读音是不一样的。
但是保留这两个词书写形式上的统一性却是合理的做法。
人们甚至可以说benign看起来比benine要顺眼些，因为benign和benignant是天造地设的一对。
出于历史原因，那些专有名词和地名的拼写应该保持不变。
尽管Thames读作Temz，但是现在要改变约定俗成的拼法已为时太晚了。
就让Tom和Thomas保留不同的拼法吧，就像在美国英语中Tony和Anthony的区别一样。
就让Wild先生、Wilde先生和Wyld先生各自以不同的面貌示人吧。
（我电脑里的拼写检查软件不知道英国有个语言学家叫Henry Cecil Wyld，但是我知道。
）所以我坚决反对那些拼写改革人士把England写成Ingland，把English写成Inglish的主张。
拼写改革运动当时在大西洋两岸势头很强劲，得到了不少知名政治家和作家的支持，很多著作和杂志都积极推广这项运动。
（在这里我就提两本书：1909年出版的托马斯•劳恩斯伯里的《英语拼写和拼写改革》和1959年出版的阿谢尔•维克的《标准化英语》。
）那些没有研究过这个问题的人知道了这些肯定会很吃惊。
所有反对改革的观点都很容易被推翻。
反对拼写改革的人士为此感到很震惊。
如果sea和see的拼写一样的话，我们怎么知道这两个词之间的区别呢？当我们听到读音的时候，我们怎么知道别人说的是哪一个词呢？想想看我们会因此遇到多少麻烦。
但是其他无数的同形异义词好像并没有给人们带来麻烦。
为反驳这一观点，主张拼写改革的人编造了这样一个笑话——当他走进大厅的时候，乐手们正在bowing（bowing到底是指“正在拉琴”还是“音乐会后谢幕”呢？）。