2002年考研英语作文思路解析及范文
2002年考研英语真题及解析
【英汉对照】
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21 . As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in 28 . It is important to do so.
人们曾经把 20 世纪电视的发展 和 15、16 世纪印刷术的传播作过比较。然而， 21 在这两个时段之间却发生了许多事情。 正如前面所讲的，直到 19 世纪，报纸 22 才继小册子和图书之后，24 与期刊一起， 成为电子时代到来之前的最重要的 23 传 播媒介。正是在这段时间，通信革命的发 展也 25 加快了步伐，从铁路运输开始， 26 发展到电报、电话、收音机和电影，27 直到 20 世纪的汽车和飞机时代。并不是 每个人都能 28 正确地看待这个发展过程。 而做到这一点其实是很重要的。
2002年考研英语一作文范文
The Power of Perseverance: A Journey toSuccessIn the realm of academic pursuits, perseverance stands as a pillar of success. It is the driving force that propels us forward, despite the challenges and obstacles we encounter. This essay explores the significance of perseverance in the context of a student's journey towards achieving academic excellence.Firstly, perseverance instills a sense of purpose and direction in our academic endeavors. When we persevere, we are more likely to set clear goals and work towards them with dedication. This focused approach helps us to stay on track and avoid getting distracted by extraneous matters. For instance, a student who perseveres in their studies is more likely to have a clear understanding of their academic objectives and to work towards achieving them step by step. Moreover, perseverance cultivates resilience and adaptability in the face of challenges. Academic life is often fraught with difficulties and setbacks. However, itis through perseverance that we learn to bounce back and adapt to these challenges. We learn to view failures asopportunities for growth and to use them as stepping stones towards success. A student who perseveres is not afraid of failure but views it as a part of the learning process, using it to their advantage in the long run.Additionally, perseverance fosters a growth mindsetthat is essential for academic success. When we persevere, we are more likely to embrace challenges and see them as opportunities for personal growth. This mindset helps us to stay motivated and engaged with our studies, constantly seeking to improve and expand our knowledge. A student who perseveres is constantly pushing their boundaries, striving to achieve more and learn more.Furthermore, perseverance helps us to develop a strong work ethic and discipline. Academic success often requires long hours of study and dedication. It is through perseverance that we learn to manage our time effectively, set aside distractions, and focus on our studies. A student who perseveres is disciplined and organized, able to balance their academic responsibilities with other aspects of their life.In conclusion, perseverance is an indispensable trait for academic success. It instills purpose and direction, cultivates resilience and adaptability, fosters a growth mindset, and helps us to develop a strong work ethic and discipline. As students, we must embrace perseverance and use it as a guiding force in our academic journey. By doing so, we can overcome challenges, achieve our goals, and ultimately, succeed in our academic pursuits.**坚持的力量：通往成功的旅程**在学术追求的领域里，坚持是成功的支柱。
2002英语一考研作文
2002英语一考研作文English:In recent years, with the development of technology, people have witnessed significant changes in their lives. One of the most noticeable changes is the widespread use of smartphones. Nowadays, it is almost impossible to find someone who does not own a smartphone. These devices have become an integral part of our lives, accompanying us everywhere we go. They have not only revolutionized the way we communicate but also transformed the way we access information.With a smartphone, we have instant access to the internet and are able to browse websites, check emails, and access social media platforms. This has made communication more convenient and efficient, allowing us to stay connected with family, friends, and colleagues no matter where we are. Furthermore, the developmentof various applications has greatly enhanced the functionality of smartphones. There is an application for almost everything, from ordering food and booking a taxi to tracking our health and fitness.This has undoubtedly improved the quality of our lives, making daily tasks more convenient and time-saving.However, with the benefits of smartphones also come some drawbacks. One major concern is the impact they have on personal relationships. While smartphones allow us to communicate with others easily, they can also lead to a lack of face-to-face interaction. People become so engrossed in their devices that they may neglect the people around them, causing a decline in social skills. Moreover, the excessive use of smartphones can lead to addiction and have negative effects on mental health. Many individuals find it difficult to disconnect from their phones, leading to anxiety and depression.In conclusion, smartphones have undoubtedly brought great convenience and improved our lives in many aspects. However, it is crucial for individuals to find a balance in their usage so as not to be consumed by it. We must remind ourselves of the importance of maintaining real-world connections and being present in the moment. Only by doing so can we truly benefit from the advantages smartphones provide and avoid the potential negative impacts they might have.中文翻译：近年来，随着技术的发展，人们的生活发生了巨大变化。
2002考研英语一作文
2002考研英语一作文In the era of rapid technological advancement, the Internet has become an integral part of our daily lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, learn, and work. This essay will explore the profound impact of the Internet on modern life.First and foremost, the Internet has transformed communication. With the advent of email, social media, and instant messaging, people can now stay connected with friends and family across the globe in real-time. This has led to a more interconnected world where distance is no longer a barrier to maintaining relationships.Secondly, the Internet has become an indispensable tool for education. Online courses and educational resources have made learning more accessible than ever before. Students can now access a wealth of information and take courses from top universities without leaving their homes. This has democratized education and made it available to a wider audience.Moreover, the Internet has also changed the way we work. Remote working has become more feasible with the help of various online collaboration tools. This has given rise to a more flexible work environment where employees can work from anywhere, leading to a better work-life balance.However, the Internet also has its drawbacks. Issues such as cyberbullying, privacy concerns, and the spread of misinformation are some of the challenges that have arisen with the widespread use of the Internet. It is crucial that we address these issues to ensure that the Internet remains a positive force in our lives.In conclusion, the Internet has had a significant impact on modern life. It has brought about numerous benefits, such as improved communication, access to education, and flexible working conditions. However, it is also important to be aware of the potential negative effects and work towards mitigating them. As we continue to embrace the digital age, it is essential that we use the Internet responsibly and ethically to enhance our lives.。
2002考研英语作文
2002考研英语作文2002年考研英语作文题目，科技与人的关系。
参考范文：The Relationship Between Technology and Human Beings。
In the past few decades, technology has advanced at an unprecedented pace, greatly impacting various aspects of human life. Some people argue that technology has brought numerous benefits to human beings, while others believethat it has caused more harm than good. From my perspective, the relationship between technology and human beings is complex, with both positive and negative effects.On the one hand, technology has undoubtedly improvedthe quality of human life in many ways. Firstly, it has greatly facilitated communication. With the advent of the internet and smartphones, people can now easily connectwith others from different parts of the world, breakingdown barriers of time and space. This has not only enhanced personal relationships but also promoted cultural exchange and understanding. Secondly, technology has revolutionized various industries, leading to increased productivity and efficiency. For example, automation and artificial intelligence have streamlined manufacturing processes, resulting in higher output and lower costs. Moreover, technology has significantly improved healthcare, enabling early detection and treatment of diseases, prolonging human life, and enhancing the overall well-being of individuals.On the other hand, technology has also brought about some negative consequences. Firstly, the overreliance on technology has made people more sedentary and less physically active. With the rise of smartphones and computer games, many individuals, especially the younger generation, spend excessive amounts of time in front of screens, leading to a sedentary lifestyle and various health problems such as obesity. Secondly, the widespread use of technology has raised concerns about privacy and security. With the increasing amount of personal data being collected and stored online, there is a risk ofunauthorized access and misuse of this information. Additionally, technology has also resulted in job displacement and income inequality, as automation and artificial intelligence replace human workers in certain industries.To strike a balance between the positive and negative effects of technology, it is important for us to adopt a cautious and responsible approach towards its use. Firstly, we should encourage and promote the responsible use of technology, especially among the younger generation. This includes setting limits on screen time, encouraging physical activity, and educating individuals about the potential risks and dangers associated with technology. Secondly, governments and technology companies should prioritize the protection of personal data and strengthen regulations to prevent unauthorized access and misuse. Additionally, efforts should be made to provide retraining and support for workers affected by technological advancements, ensuring that the benefits of technology are shared more equitably.In conclusion, the relationship between technology and human beings is complex and multifaceted. While technology has undoubtedly brought numerous benefits, it has also caused some negative consequences. By adopting a cautious and responsible approach towards its use, we can maximize the benefits of technology while minimizing its negative impacts, ultimately creating a harmonious coexistence between technology and human beings.。
2002年考研英语一解析
2002年考研英语一解析The 2002 Postgraduate Entrance Examination for English I was a pivotal moment for many aspiring graduate students. It marked a shift in the way English proficiency was tested, emphasizing practical application over rote memorization.This examination was designed to assess the candidates' ability to comprehend and analyze complex texts, a skill essential for academic research. The reading section was particularly challenging, requiring students to process dense academic articles and extract key information.The writing portion of the exam was a true test of one's ability to articulate thoughts in a structured and coherent manner. It pushed students to demonstrate their command of the language, as well as their capacity to engage in critical thinking.The inclusion of a listening component was a significant change from previous years. It aimed to evaluate students' ability to understand spoken English in various contexts, which is crucial for academic and professional success.Overall, the 2002 English I exam was a comprehensive evaluation that not only tested linguistic skills but also the candidates' readiness to engage with English in a graduate-level academic environment. It set a new standardfor future examinations, emphasizing the importance of a well-rounded approach to language learning.。
2002年英语一作文范文
2002年英语一作文范文In the year 2002, the world was on the brink of significant changes, and the English language was no exception. The rapid development of technology and the increasing globalization were shaping the way people communicated. As a result, the importance of mastering English was more evident than ever. This essay aims to explore the significance of English in the context of 2002 and how it has evolved over time.Firstly, English was the lingua franca of international business and diplomacy. With the rise of multinational corporations and the expansion of global trade, English became the common language that facilitated communication between people from different countries. It was the key to understanding and being understood in the global marketplace.Secondly, the advent of the internet and theproliferation of digital communication platforms further solidified English's position as the primary language for online interaction. Websites, emails, and chat rooms were predominantly in English, making it essential for anyone wishing to participate in the digital revolution.Moreover, English was the language of science and technology. As the world advanced in these fields, English became the medium through which research findings were shared and discussed. Scientific journals, technical manuals, andsoftware interfaces were predominantly in English, making it a necessity for anyone involved in these industries.In the realm of entertainment, English was also dominant. Hollywood movies, pop music, and television shows were exported worldwide, and English was the language that connected audiences across cultures. This cultural influence further reinforced the importance of English as a global language.However, the dominance of English also raised concerns about the preservation of other languages and cultures. Critics argued that the spread of English could lead to the erosion of linguistic diversity and the homogenization of global culture.In conclusion, the year 2002 marked a pivotal moment in the history of the English language. Its role as a global language was more pronounced than ever, with implications for business, technology, science, and culture. As we look back, it is clear that English's influence has continued to grow, shaping the world in ways that were just beginning to be understood at the turn of the millennium.。
2002年考研英语真题及解析(答案很详细-值得下载一看)
2002年Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 1 . As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic_ 3 _ ，following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 5 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 7 the 20th century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that Process in 8 . It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 13 , with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 15 generations, with the distance between generations much 16 .It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 17 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 19 view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have b een weighed 20 “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.1. ［A］between ［B］before ［C］since ［D］later2. ［A］after ［B］by ［C］during ［D］until3. ［A］means ［B］method ［C］medium ［D］measure4. ［A］process ［B］company ［C］light ［D］form5. ［A］gathered ［B］speeded ［C］worked ［D］picked6. ［A］on ［B］out ［C］over ［D］off7. ［A］of ［B］for ［C］beyond ［D］into8. ［A］concept ［B］dimension ［C］effect ［D］perspective9. ［A］indeed ［B］hence ［C］however ［D］therefore10. ［A］brought ［B］followed ［C］stimulated ［D］characterized11. ［A］unless ［B］since ［C］lest ［D］although12. ［A］apparent ［B］desirable ［C］negative ［D］plausible13. ［A］institutional ［B］universal ［C］fundamental ［D］instrumental14. ［A］ability ［B］capability ［C］capacity ［D］faculty15. ［A］by means of ［B］in terms of ［C］with regard to［D］in line with16. ［A］deeper ［B］fewer ［C］nearer ［D］smaller17. ［A］context ［B］range ［C］scope ［D］territory18. ［A］regarded ［B］impressed ［C］influenced ［D］effected19. ［A］competitive ［B］controversial ［C］distracting ［D］irrational20. ［A］above ［B］upon ［C］against ［D］withSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed, give up”or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatement. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.21. To make your humor work, you should .[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience[B] make fun of the disorganized people[C] address different problems to different people[D] show sympathy for your listeners22. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are .[A] impolite to new arrivals[B] very conscious of their godlike role[C] entitled to some privileges[D] very busy even during lunch hours23. It can be inferred from the text that public services .[A] have benefited many people[B] are the focus of public attention[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor[D] have often been the laughing stock24. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered .[A] in well-worded language[B] as awkwardly as possible[C] in exaggerated statements[D] as casually as possible25. The best title for the text may be .[A] Use Humor Effectively[B] Various Kinds of Humor[C] Add Humor to Speech[D] Different Humor StrategiesText 2Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “wecan't yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side ofa winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in .[A] the use of machines to produce science fiction.[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.[C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.[D] the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.27. The word “gizmos” (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means .[A] programs［B］ experts［C］ devices ［D］ creatures28. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot thatcan .[A] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.[B] interact with human beings verbally.[C] have a little common sense.[D] respond independently to a changing world.29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also .[A] make a few decisions for themselves.[B] deal with some errors with human intervention.[C] improve factory environments.[D] cultivate human creativity.30. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are .[A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure.[B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately.[C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.[D] best used in a controlled environment.Text 3Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memoriesof the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.31. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is_______[A] global inflation. [B] reduction in supply.[C]fast growth in economy. [D] Iraq’s suspension of exports.32. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go updramatically if______.[A] price of crude rises. [B] commodity prices rise.[C] consumption rises. [D] oil taxes rise.33. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries_______.［A］heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive.［B］income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices.［C］manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed.［D］oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP.34. We can draw a conclusion from the text that_______.［A］oil-price shocks are less shocking now.［B］inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks.［C］energy conservation can keep down the oil prices.［D］the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry.35. From the text we can see that the writer seems__________.［A］optimistic. ［B］sensitive. ［C］gloomy. ［D］scared.Text 4The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death”.George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “It’s like surgery,”he says. “We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide.”On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering”, to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse”. He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear...that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetent ly managed and should result in license suspension”.36. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that .[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’pain[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide37. Which of the following statements its true according to the text?[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients’death.[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.[D] A doctor’s medication is no longer justified by his intentions.38. According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is .[A] prolonged medical procedures [B] inadequate treatment of pain[C] systematic drug abuse [D] insufficient hospital care39. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive” (line 4, paragraph 7)?[A] Bold. [B] Harmful. [C] Careless. [D] Desperate40. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they .[A] manage their patients incompetently[B] give patients more medicine than needed[C] reduce drug dosages for their patients[D] prolong the needless suffering of the patientsPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn.（41）One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. （42）The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.（43）The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until itreplaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. （44）They are the possessions of the autonomous （self-governing）man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values”. Who will use a technology and to what ends? （45）Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.Section III Writing46. Directions:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures National and International”.In the essay you should1. describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and2. give your comment on the phenomenon.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)An American girl in traditional Chinese costume（服装）第一部分英语知识应用试题解析一、文章总体分析本文主要介绍了计算机的发展对通信革命及人们的生存方式产生的影响。
2002年考研英语真题答案及解析
2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析第一部分英语知识应用试题解析一、文章总体分析本文主要介绍了计算机的发展对通信革命及人们的生存方式产生的影响。
文章第一段从早期的通信革命入手，指出在15、16世纪和20世纪之间发生了很多事情，特别是通信革命加快了步伐。
第二段接着提到20世纪计算机的出现极大地改变了这一进程。
第三段指出随着计算机的发展，我们步入了一个信息社会。
在计算机影响下，通信革命改变了我们的工作和休闲方式，也影响了我们的思考和感知方式。
在结尾部分，文章提到，当然，关于这种通信革命在经济、政治、社会和文化各方面的影响是利大于弊还是弊大于利，还存在争议。
二、试题具体解析1.[A]between在…当中，在空间、位置或时间的中间[B]before在此之前早些时候，在…前面[C]since自从…以后，以前[D]later后来，稍后，随后[答案]A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：时间副词的用法辨析。
解此题关键看两个方面，一是理解文章第一句话的含义：人们曾对20世纪电视的发展以及15世纪和16世纪印刷术的传播进行了比较。
二是注意转折连词yet的用法，yet一般标志着接下来的内容与前面的内容出现了较大的不同，如：She said she would be late,yet she arrived on time.（她说她会迟到，但她却准时到达了）。
文中第二句话结构非常简单，主语和谓语都无法体现与第一句话的强烈对照，这时只能通过空格里填入的时间状语来体现了，因此这个时间副词应与第一句话中的时间状语in the20th century和in the15th and16th centuries相呼应并对照。
接下来关键看这个时间副词表示的是哪个时间段，15、16世纪之前，20世纪之后还是两者之间。
其实我们从下文中的the19th century也可以推断出正确答案是between，即“然而，在这两个时段之间却发生了很多事情”。
2002年考研英语写作范文
The picture vividly depicts a lovely American girl in traditional Chinese costume with a sweet smile on her face. She wears ribbons， necklaces and other accessories that are characteristic of the clothes of a certain Chinese minority group. Undoubtedly， the costume has added oriental charm to her beautiful look/appearance/features. [图画图表描述段] What the picture conveys goes far beyond only a new fashion trend. Instead， it carries cultural meanings. The fact that people from different countries are attracted to mysterious Chinese culture indicates that to some extent a culture can be accepted， respected， appreciated and shared internationally. In other words， a nation's unique culture can become international through worldwide economic and cultural exchanges. Since the trend of globalization become irresistible，cultural communication can effectively improve mutual understanding and friendship. [意义阐释段] In my opinion/From my perspective， national cultures as priceless spiritual treasure should be preserved and cherished. Meanwhile， there are good reasons to advocate international culture for those ideas from the other cultures，controversial or even absurd at first sight， can provide a different perspective for us to observe the world in the long run. However， when we are confronted with a different culture， we should be sensible enough to absorb its essence and to resist its dark side. Only in this way can we promote cultural development positively and make our world dimensional，colorful and vigorous. [建议措施段]。
2002考研英语一作文
2002考研英语一作文English: It is undeniable that the digital age has brought about significant changes and advancements in various aspects of our lives. One of the most prominent impacts of this technological revolution is the way we communicate and connect with others. The rise of social media platforms and messaging apps has transformed the way we interact, making communication faster, more convenient, and more accessible than ever before. People can now easily stay in touch with friends and family across the globe, share their thoughts and experiences in real-time, and even form new connections with individuals they may never have met otherwise. While these advancements have undoubtedly improved our ability to communicate and stay connected, they have also raised concerns about privacy, security, and the authenticity of our relationships. As we navigate this new digital landscape, it is important to strike a balance between the convenience and efficiency of online communication and the value of genuine, face-to-face interactions.中文翻译: 不可否认的是，数字时代给我们生活的各个方面带来了重大变化和进步。
2002年考研英语阅读理解及解析
2002年 Text 1If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.如果你想在谈话中用幽默来使人发笑，你就必须知道如何发现与听众享有的共同经历和共同问题。
你的幽默一定要与听众有关，能够向他们显示你是他们的一员，或者你了解他们的情况且赞同他们的观点。
根据与你谈话对象的不同，问题也应有所不同。
如果你在和一群经理谈话，你就可以评论他们秘书的工作方法杂乱无章；相反，如果你在和一群秘书谈话，你就可以评论她们老板的工作方法如何杂乱。
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story, which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”下面举一个例子，是我在一个护士大会上听到的故事。
2002年考研英语作文
2002年考研英语作文In the 21st century, technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, and its influence on education is profound. The advancement of technology has transformed the way we learn, teach, and interact within the educational environment. This essay will explore the impact of technology on education, focusing on the benefits and challenges it presents.Firstly, technology has made education more accessible. With the advent of online learning platforms, students from all over the world can access high-quality educational resources regardless of their geographical location. This has democratized education, allowing individuals from diverse backgrounds to pursue their academic goals.Secondly, the use of technology in classrooms has enhanced the learning experience. Interactive whiteboards, educational software, and multimedia presentations have made learning more engaging and interactive. These tools not only cater to different learning styles but also stimulate creativity and critical thinking among students.However, the integration of technology in education also comes with its set of challenges. One of the main concerns is the digital divide, where unequal access to technology can exacerbate educational inequalities. Students from disadvantaged backgrounds may not have the same opportunitiesto benefit from technological advancements, which can hinder their academic progress.Additionally, there is the issue of information overload. The vast amount of information available online can be overwhelming for students, making it difficult for them to discern reliable sources from unreliable ones. This requires educators to teach critical evaluation skills to help students navigate the digital landscape effectively.In conclusion, technology has undoubtedly revolutionized the field of education, offering numerous benefits such as increased accessibility and enhanced learning experiences. However, it is essential to address the challenges it poses, such as the digital divide and information overload, to ensure that all students can reap the full benefits of technological advancements in education. As we move forward, it is crucial to strike a balance between embracing the power of technology and preserving the human elements that make education a transformative experience.。
2002年考研英语一作文范文
2002年考研英语一作文范文In recent years, the issue of environmental protectionhas become increasingly prominent in all sectors of society. With the rapid development of economy and technology, environmental problems such as air pollution, water pollution, and deforestation have become more serious than ever before.In this context, it is necessary for us to take effective measures to protect the environment and ensure sustainable development.First of all, it is important for individuals to raise awareness of environmental protection and take actions to reduce their carbon footprint. For example, people can use public transportation instead of driving cars, recycle waste materials, and save energy at home. By making small changesin our daily lives, we can make a big difference inprotecting the environment.Secondly, governments should implement strict laws and regulations to control pollution and protect natural resources. For instance, industries should be required to reduce emissions and use environmentally friendly technologies. In addition, forests and wildlife habitats should be protected from illegal logging and hunting. By enforcing these measures, governments can help preserve the environment for future generations.Furthermore, international cooperation is essential in addressing global environmental issues. Countries should work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, combat deforestation, and promote sustainable development. By sharing knowledge and resources, we can create a healthier and more sustainable planet for all.In conclusion, environmental protection is a shared responsibility that requires the efforts of individuals, governments, and the international community. By takingaction now, we can ensure a better future for our planet and future generations. Let us work together to protect the environment and create a sustainable world for all.。
2002考研英语一作文
2002考研英语一作文With the advent of the 21st century, the Internet has revolutionized the way we live and learn. In the field of education, it has brought about profound changes that areworth examining. In this essay, I will explore the impact of the Internet on education, focusing on how it has transformed learning methods, access to information, and the concept ofthe classroom.Firstly, the Internet has significantly altered the way students learn. Traditional learning methods have been supplemented by online resources that provide a wealth of information at the click of a button. Students can now access a plethora of educational materials, including e-books,online lectures, and interactive tutorials, which cater to different learning styles and preferences. This diversity in learning materials has made education more personalized and engaging.Secondly, the Internet has democratized access to information. No longer are students confined to the knowledge available within the walls of their school or local library. They can now tap into a global pool of knowledge, which includes academic papers, research databases, and educational websites. This has not only expanded their horizons but also equipped them with the ability to conduct research and verify information more effectively.Moreover, the concept of the classroom has evolved with the Internet. Online classes and virtual learning environments have become increasingly popular, allowing students to learn from the comfort of their homes or any location with an Internet connection. This flexibility has been particularly beneficial for those who may have difficulty attending traditional classes due to geographical, financial, or personal constraints.However, the Internet's impact on education is not withoutits challenges. Issues such as information overload, the reliability of online sources, and the digital divide between those with and without access to technology are concerns that need to be addressed. Educators and policymakers must work together to ensure that the benefits of online education are accessible to all and that the quality of education is not compromised.In conclusion, the Internet has had a transformative effect on education, offering new opportunities for learning and research. As we continue to embrace this technology, it is crucial to navigate the challenges it presents and to harness its potential to enhance the educational experience for all students. The future of education lies in our ability to adapt and integrate these digital tools in a manner that is both inclusive and effective.。
2002考研英语作文
2002考研英语作文In 2002, the topic of the postgraduate entrance examination for English writing was "My View on the Internet". Many people believe that the Internet has brought great convenience to our lives, but I have a different opinion. I think the Internet has both positive and negative effects on our lives.On the one hand, the Internet has made it easier for us to communicate with people from all over the world. We can easily connect with friends and family through social media and messaging apps. We can also access a wealth of information and knowledge through the Internet, which has greatly enriched our lives.On the other hand, the Internet has also brought about many problems. For example, the spread of fake news and misinformation has become a serious issue. Many people spend too much time on the Internet, which can lead to addiction and have a negative impact on their mental andphysical health.In conclusion, while the Internet has undoubtedly brought about many positive changes, we should also be aware of its negative effects. It is important for us to use the Internet wisely and responsibly, and to be critical of the information we encounter online.。
2002年考研英语一作文
2002年考研英语一作文在2002年的考研英语一考试中，作文部分要求考生根据给定的题目进行写作。
由于我无法提供具体的题目内容，我将提供一个通用的考研英语作文模板，供参考。
Introduction:In the modern era, environmental protection has become a global concern. As our planet faces various ecological challenges, it is imperative for every individual to contribute to the preservation of our natural resources.Body Paragraph 1:Firstly, protecting the environment is crucial for maintaining ecological balance. The loss of biodiversity and the destruction of habitats can lead to the extinction of species, which in turn affects the food chain and the overall health of ecosystems. Therefore, it is essential to implement sustainable practices and conservation efforts to ensure the survival of all living organisms.Body Paragraph 2:Secondly, environmental protection is directly linked to human health. Pollution, whether it be air, water, or soil, poses significant risks to our well-being. By reducing pollution levels and promoting clean energy sources, we canimprove air quality and reduce the incidence of respiratory diseases and other health issues related to environmental degradation.Body Paragraph 3:Thirdly, environmental protection is vital for the economic sustainability of communities. Industries that rely onnatural resources must adopt sustainable practices to prevent resource depletion. Moreover, the development of green technologies and renewable energy sources can create new job opportunities and stimulate economic growth.Conclusion:In conclusion, the importance of environmental protection cannot be overstated. It is a collective responsibility that requires the commitment of governments, businesses, and individuals alike. By taking proactive measures to safeguard our environment, we can ensure a healthy and prosperousfuture for generations to come.请注意，这只是一个示例模板，实际的考研英语作文题目会有所不同。
寻根溯源见真相――2002年考研英语大作文分析
寻根溯源见真相――2002年考研英语大作文分析考研图片作文的考察有很久的历史了，今天就带大家看一下我们在2000年左右大作文的考查形式，老帮同学们看一下考研图片作文的形式以及分析变化的内容。
2002年的考研英语的大作文考察形式是图画作文，考察的是一张图片。
对于这样一篇一幅图的图片作文，同学们会写吗?老师将对2002年这篇图画作文进行分析，希望能帮同学们捋顺思路。
一.真题再现Directions:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled Cultures National and International. In the essay you should1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and2) give your comment on the phenomenon.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)二.思路分析(一)图画描述段很明显，这是一篇一幅图的漫画，所以我们的第一段要按照一幅图的思路去写。
第一段的整体框架是由四句话构成的，分别是直观评价，整体描述，细节描述和过渡句。
对于第一句直观评价，就是写看到这幅图的第一感觉，当然我们看到一个人有第一感觉，觉得他帅或者丑，我们看到一幅图画之后也会有一个感觉，可以说是觉得有趣，觉得生动，或者简单，等等。
如我们可以写成Here is a picture, interesting but with deep implication.当然我们在大多数参考书中看到的第一段开头的表述都是As is vividly shown in the picture,这种非限制性定语从句的表述，阅卷人难免会产生审美疲劳，所以我们不用这种表述，而是用这种倒装句加后置定语的组合。
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2002年考研英语作文思路解析及范文
作者：考研答疑群主
第一段：首先描写图片，美国姑娘身穿中国民族服装。
第二段：体现作者创作意图，文化交流，可以展开，一是民族文化随着文化交流被尊重、分享等；第二是，民族文化成为世界文化，促进世界文化丰富性及多样性。
第三段：加强民族文化保护与发展，加强与其他民族文化交流，取长补短。
促进经济发展与和谐社会。
和手段呼应，谈微笑展现。
提醒：文化交流是常见话题，对于重要短语和词组要熟练运用。
在其他主题方面，我们几乎可以万能化，例如加强交流，取长补短等表达。
没话说怎么办，无非就是交流、发展、和谐等。
涉及的对象无非自己、他人、自然、经济等。
写作参考中文：
图片描述了一个可爱的美国小女孩，身穿中国民族服装，露出美丽的微笑。
这套民族服装，加上装饰的耳环与项链，使得她的美丽格外显眼。