高三英语阅读理解专题三---议论文带答案

合集下载

2019高考英语全国III卷阅读理解(带解析)

For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market.If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."
A. Helen Mirren.B. Peter Morgan.
C. Dylan Baker.D. Stephen Daldry.
23. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?
A.Animals Out of Paper.B.The Audience.
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan，about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld，236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.)

高考英语专项复习《阅读理解议论文》高考真题汇总

高考英语专项复习《阅读理解议论文》高考真题汇总2023年高考真题Passage 1【2023年全国乙卷】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. How past events should be presented.B. What humanity is concerned about.C. Whether facts speak louder than words.D. Why written language is reliable.13. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?A. His report was scientific.B. He represented the local people.C. He ruled over Botany Bay.D. His record was one-sided.14. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Problem.B. History.C. Voice.D. Society.15. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?A. How Maps Tell Stories of the WorldB. A Short History of AustraliaC. A History of the World in 100 ObjectsD. How Art Works Tell Stories2023年名校模拟题Passage 1（2023·山东·山东省实验中学校考二模）Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos. For every pack of yogurt that a person bought, he would donate yogurt to a family in need. Danone had done its research. Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. Despite sinking millions into a marketing campaign, Danone pulled Juntos from the market only months after it was launched. Now the same product is simply marketed as a tasty yogurt.What happened? To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place.So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out? Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their money.I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. Thanks in part to fast fashion, people buy 60 percent more clothing today than they did 15 years ago. The fashion industry alone emits more greenhouse gases than international flights and maritime (海洋的) shipping combined.So before you dive into your wallet for some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving. Think carefully about what you are buying, too.1．What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos?A．It ignored marketing strategies.B．It priced itself relatively high.C．It lacked a particularly good taste.D．It focused on delight and pleasure. 2．What can be inferred about meaning seekers?A．They frequent high-end stores.B．They think products extend their lives. C．They hesitate to make decisions.D．They make more purchases with money. 3．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed?A．By giving some examples.B．By listing numbers and data.C．By explaining reasons.D．By making some comparisons.4．Which is the most suitable title for the text?A．Innovation: a Product’s Life B．To Buy or not to BuyC．Meaning seekers or Quality-pursuers D．Fast Fashion: a Hit to Your WalletPassage 2（2023·山东淄博·统考三模）There is no universally accepted age that is considered old among or within societies. Often disagreements exist as to what age a society may consider old and what members in that society of that age and older may consider old. Moreover, biologists are not in agreement about the existence of an internal biological cause foraging.In general the social status of an age group is related to its effective influence in its society, which is associated with that group’s function in productivity. In agricultural societies the elderly have a status of respectability. Their life experiences and knowledge are regarded as valuable, especially in preliterate (尚无文字的) societies where knowledge is orally transmitted. The range of activities in these societies allows the elderly to continue to be productive members of their communities.In industrialized nations, although in certain fields old age is still considered significant, particularly in the political field, older people are increasingly being forced into retirement before their productive years are over, causing problems in their psychological adaptations to old age. Retirement is not regarded unfavorably in all instances, but its economic limitations tend to further remove older people from the range of influence and raise problems in the extended use of leisure time and housing. As a consequence, financial preparation for retirement has become an increased concern for individuals and society.Familial relationships tend to be the focus of the elderly’s attention. However, the tendency for young people in industrialized countries to be highly mobile has forced older people to decide whether to move to keep up with their families or to remain in neighborhoods which also change, altering their familiar patterns of activity. Although most older people do live within an hour from their closest child, industrialized societies are faced with formulating programs to accommodate increasing numbers of older people who function independently of their families. Adult education programs are beginning to close the generation gap; however, as each successive generation reaches old age, bringing with it its particular tendencies and preferences, new problems arise requiring new social accommodations.5．What counts for the elderly in agricultural societies?A．Their status of respectability.B．Their value in productivity.C．Their rich knowledge in education.D．Their extraordinary ability to work. 6．What can we learn about the elderly’s retirement from Paragraph 3?A．It has faded the elderly worries.B．It means the end of productive ability.C．It is considered beneficial in all distances.D．It influences the elderly psychologically and financially.7．What does the underlined word “formulating” in Paragraph 4 mean?A．Planning.B．Changing.C．Extending.D．Canceling.8．Where is this text probably taken from?A．A personal journal.B．A science research.C．A social issue review.D．A community brochure.Passage 3（2023·河南郑州·统考模拟预测）Some experts have been concerned lately about robots leaving humans behind, taking our jobs and possibly a lot more, as in sci-fi films. Christ of Koch, a famous neuroscientist (神经学家), has suggested a novel method. To keep up with the machines, we should increase our brainpower with brain implants (植人物).Koch notes that brain implants are already helping the paralyzed or people unable to move control computers and robots, and they are being explored for the treatment of mental disorders. Future implants could help us download huge amounts of information instantly, he says, so we can learn “novel skills and facts without even trying”. “Another exciting aspect,” Koch says, “is combining two or more brains into a single conscious mind by direct neuron-to-neuron links.” Koch calls for a “crash program” in brain technologies to make us smarter.But Koch ignores the obvious facts that bad persons can hack (侵入) into our smartphones and laptops. What if hackers could attack our brains? They may be able to spy on, change or control the memories of people implanted with brain devices. What’s more, we are nowhere close to being able to strengthen the brain in the manner that Koch imagines. Scientists have been experimenting with neuro-technologies for mental illness for more than half a century, and they have little to show for it.Koch genuinely feared that science, far from addressing our problems, might exacerbate them. The use of robots in the workshop, for example, could cause mass unemployment. Do we just count the immediate job losses—without measuring any other potential positive effect on the economy? Despite losing some jobs to robots in the short term, the increase in productivity will help our overall economy grow faster, which, in turn, will create more, higher quality jobs than we had before.The future is not as scary as we think. Perhaps we’ve got serious problems on our hands, and we have a lot of work to do to settle them. Brain implants are not the answer.9．What leads to Koch’s optimism about future brain implants?A．The great advance in AI research.B．Their application in medical fields.C．The breakthrough in surgical techniques.D．Their easy adaptation to the human body.10．How does the author feel about Koch’s “crash program” in brain technologies?A．Disapproving.B．Unconcerned.C．Favorable.D．Excited. 11．What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Avoid.B．Worsen.C．Reduce.D．Answer. 12．What’s the best title for the text?A．Are Brain Implants at Risk of Hacker Attack?B．Will Robots Take the Place of Humans in Future?C．Will Brain Implants Let the Disabled Live Normally?D．Do We Need Brain Implants to Keep Up with Robots?Passage 4（2023·山西·校联考模拟预测）What do you want from life? Perhaps you want to spend more time with your family, or get a more secure job, or improve your health. But why do you want those things? Chances are that your answer will come down to one thing: Happiness.Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression. Modern conceptions of happiness are primarily practical, focusing on what we might call the techniques of happiness. The concern is not what happiness is, but instead on how to get it.But maximizing pleasure isn’t the only option. Every human life, even the most fortunate, is filled with pain. Painful loss, painful disappointments, the physical pain of injury or sickness, and the mental pain of long-suffering boredom, loneliness, or sadness. Pain is an unavoidable consequence of being alive. All the good things in life involve suffering. Writing a novel, running a marathon, or giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit of the final, joyous result.There are other factors as well. In the eyes of Aristotle, we get happiness by exercising our uniquely human capabilities to think and reason. But thinking and reasoning are as much social activities as they are individual. Happiness requires others; it is not an emotional state so much as it is the excellence of the relations we cultivate with other people.But even that cannot guarantee happiness. Aristotle recognised that our happiness is hostage （人质）to fortune. Events beyond any individual’s control—war, poverty, and global pandemics—will often make happiness impossible. Happiness is not a mental state that can be permanently won, but instead it’s a practice which we hone（磨练）, imperfectly, in circumstances only partly of our making.Recognizing this will not secure a good life, but it will avoid the illusory（虚幻的）hope of permanent contentment. No life worth living should meet the only standard. Instead, aim with Aristotle to embrace those faults and to flower in spite of them.13．Where can you find negative effects of focusing too much on “happiness”?A．In paragraph 2.B．In paragraph 3.C．In paragraph 4.D．In paragraph 5.14．How does the author prove that pain is an unavoidable result of being alive?A．By making comparisons.B．By analyzing causes.C．By giving examples.D．By telling stories.15．What is Aristotle’s view on happiness?A．Happiness is a stable emotional state.B．Good personal relationships lead to happiness.C．Taking part in social activities guarantees happiness.D．Happiness promotes independent thinking and reasoning.16．What is the text mainly about?A．Happiness is what humans pursue forever.B．Happiness lies in the process of pursuing it.C．Our pursuit of happiness may be imperfect.D．Depression and happiness are equally important.Passage 5（2022·广东佛山·统考模拟预测）One of the oldest metaphors (隐喻) for human interaction with technology is the relationship of master and slave. Aristotle imagined that technology could replace slavery if machine became automated. Marx and Engels saw things differently. “Masses of laborers are daily and hourly enslaved by the machine,” they wrote in the Communist Manifesto.Today, computers often play both roles. Nicholas Carr, in his new book The Glass Cage: Automation and Us, takes a stand on whether such technology imprisons or liberates its users. We are increasingly engaged, he argues, but the invisibility of our high-tech traps gives us the ‘image of freedom’. He describes doctors who rely so much on decision-assistance software that they overlook signals that are not obvious from patients.All of this has obvious implications for the use of technology in classrooms: When do technologies free students to think about more interesting and complex questions, and when do they destroy the very cognitive (认知) capacities that they are meant to improve? The effect of spell check and AutoCorrect software is an example. Psychologists have found the act of forming a word in your mind strengthens your capacity to remember it. When a computer automatically corrects a spelling mistake, we’re no longer forced to form the correct spelling in our minds.This might not seem very important. The process of word formation is not just supplementing spelling skills, it’s also destroying students. When students find themselves without automated spelling assistance, they don’t face the prospect of freezing to death, as the Inuits did when their GPS malfunctioned, but they’re more likely to make errors. This creates a vicious cycle: The more we use the technology, the more we need to use it in all circumstances. Suddenly, our position as masters of technology starts to seem more insecure.17．What did Marx and Engels think of the machine?A．It did the boring daily work for people.B．It failed to free people from being enslaved.C．It gave people more time to enjoy themselves.D．It was the result of the development of technology.18．Which of the following is Nicholas Carr most likely to agree with?A．Technology is a guarantee of freedom.B．Doctors should stay away from technology.C．Too much involvement with technology may be risky.D．Some decision-assistance software needs improving.19．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph4 refer to?A．Students being unable to spell words correctly.B．Spell check helping students remember more words.C．Students depending too much on spelling software.D．Spellcheck destroying students’ cognitive capacities.20．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．Is technology making people stupid or not?B．Which areas are most affected by technology?C．Are people satisfied with the advancement of technology?D．Why shouldn’t technology be employed in the classroom?Passage 6（2022·湖北·校联考模拟预测）When I stepped into the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul, I saw the future. The simple building had a nice selection of books and a cafe where readers could enjoy coffee while gazing at the leaves outside. It was specifically designed without any latest technology.“What’s so innovative about that?” a librarian in Toronto asked when I showed her pictures. I Innovation to her meant digital technology, like 3D printers. “Why couldn’t they both be innovative?” I asked.We are constantly told that innovation is the most important force in our economy, without which we would be left behind. But that fear of missing out has led us to fall into the false trappings of innovation over truly innovative ideas that may be simpler and more effective. This mindset implies that if you just buy the new thing, you have innovated! Each year, businesses and individuals run around like broken toy robots, trying to figure out their strategy for the latest buzzword equipment.At best, this is a waste of resources. Devices are bought, used and abandoned, as the technology’s capabilities fall short of its promise. But at its worst, this approach can truly cause damage. Schools cut field trips to purchase tablets with few proven benefits. Companies thatapplied AI into hiring have actually strengthened gender and racial prejudices.True innovation isn’t just some magic devices. It is a continuing process of reflection and reassessment, which often means adopting “old” ideas and tools in a new context, or even returning to methods that worked in the past. Adjusted properly, these rearview (后视的) innovations have proved as transformative as novel technologies.Look no farther than the streets of New York, which have been redesigned recently to accommodate cyclists with car-free zones. The idea isn’t new. It was created half a century ago, with the aim of bringing cities back to their residents. And while e-reader sales have been exploding, Penguin just announced it would publish tiny printed books, an ideal solution for a market demanding both convenience and physicality.21．How does the author like about the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul? A．Unexceptional.B．Boring.C．Refreshing.D．Old-fashioned.22．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?A．Innovation is important for the growth of economy.B．The public has misread the meaning of innovation.C．The true meaning of innovation is to buy new things.D．Truly innovative ideas shouldn’t be simple and effective.23．What does the writer agree with about innovation?A．Wasting resources are a must for innovation.B．Magic devices encourage innovation.C．Innovation should be human-centered.D．The power of technology is undervalued.24．What is the writing purpose of the text?A．To convince people of the true meaning of innovation.B．To show that future lies in returning to the past.C．To introduce some best ideas about innovation.D．To stress the important role innovation plays in economy.Passage 7（2022·湖北·校联考模拟预测）A measure in the House’s $ 2 trillion economic bill would require states to cut greenhouse gas emissions (排放) promising rewards for transportation departments that post reductions and “consequences” for those that don’t.Peter A．DeFazio, chairman of the Transportation Committee, said the proposal is designed to push states to act. “We’re going to give them very large motivation to actually make those meaningful targets and deliver on those targets,” he said. According to the proposal, states that cut emissions could get a $ 1 billion pot of money and potentially receive other bonus funding fromthe federal government. The bill doesn’t spell out potential consequences for not reducing emissions, leaving the decision to national transportation officials. Experts say they could include barriers to accessing highly prized grant funds (拨款).Much of the attention on cutting emissions from the transport industry-the nation’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases-has focused on the adoption of electric vehicles by putting money in charging factories and supporting battery-powered cars. The new measure sides with environmental advocates who argue the nation can’t battle a changing climate without changing how Americans move around. Environmentalists say the nation’s changing to electric vehicles probably won’t happen quickly enough to limit temperature rises unless Americans can be convinced to drive less, and that would mean building new networks focused on walking, cycling and transit (运输).Opposition to the emission measure is deep-seated. The heads of five western state transportation departments wrote a letter to Capitol’s committee last month saying the proposal would harm rural areas because options such as heavy-traffic pricing are not well-suited to places which are populated in few people, and it doesn’t make sense to target those state agencies when there are multiple reasons that influence emissions, including fuel economy standards for cars and local decisions about where to build stores and homes.Kevin DeGood, a transportation researcher, said basic construction shape how people can get around. “It is funny that the state transportation departments suggest in the letter that they do not deeply influence greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation industry,” he said.25．How does the government provide motivation?A．By praising.B．By punishing.C．By financing.D．By restricting.26．What is an intended result of the bill?A．Greatly changed climate.B．More convenient stores.C．Stable fuel economy standards.D．Eco-friendly transport system.27．Why did some states mention heavy-traffic pricing?A．To oppose the emission measure.B．To introduce solutions to emission.C．To call for attention to rural areas.D．To list several reasons for emission. 28．What’s Kevin’s attitude towards the letter in paragraph 4?A．Supportive.B．Disapproving.C．Shocked.D．Confident.Passage 8（2023·四川成都·成都七中校考模拟预测）Thanks to in-depth reporting by The Wall Street Journal, we now know that Facebook has long been aware its product Instagram has harmful effects on the mental health of many adolescent users. Young girls, in particular, struggle withtheir body image thanks to a constant stream of photos and videos showing beautiful bodies that users don’t think they can attain.While the information the journal covered is essential and instructive, it does not tell the whole story. Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem. Understanding that distinction can make the difference between a failed attempt to contain a teen’s interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying problem leading to mental distress caused by Instagram.Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for refusing to give data that would hurt its business. Have you ever binge-watched a Netflix series? I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were inactive, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be?While it’s reasonable to say Instagram makes esteem issues worse, it is almost impossible to believe it causes them in the first place. You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self-sabotage (自损) — as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon.Before social media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, movies or television shows depicting difficult-to-attain bodies, there has been a relatively steady chorus of experts noting the damage new media could cause young viewers.Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use. Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media. It’s more worthwhile to address those underlying factors rather than to attack Facebook.29．What does the author think of the criticisms against Instagram?A．They address the mental pain caused by Instagram.B．They are not directed at the fundamental problem.C．They are only based on the data released by Facebook.D．They are effective in changing teens’ interest in addictive apps.30．Why is Netflix mentioned?A．To defend why Facebook is to blame.B．To show Netflix does more harm to teens.C．To suggest the critics’ remarks are not to the point.D．To compare the criticisms against it and Facebook.31．Why is the Instagram problem essentially a “people problem”?A．People have a tendency to feel insecure online.B．People are keen on making up their self-profile.C．It is human nature to get addicted to social media.D．Users decide on their experiences on social media.32．What is the passage mainly about?A．The fierce criticism faced by Facebook.B．The harmful impact of Instagram on teenagers.C．The alarming online habits of teenagers worldwide.D．The root of mental sufferings caused by Instagram.Passage 9（2023·广东韶关·统考二模）Many of us seem to have lives that follow a certain path. From kindergarten all the way to marriage, every stage of our lives seems to be preset. Although this works well for many people, according to British motivational philosopher Jay Shetty, there is no “right” schedule to live our lives by.A few months ago, a video of Shetty’s speech Before You Feel Pressure went viral on the Internet across the world. In the video, he sends an important message that we should think “outside of the path” and have the courage to follow our hearts. Shetty adds that, we don’t have to get stressed and put ourselves in a race with our peers or judge our lives based on others. Everything in life happens according to our time, our clocks.In his inspiring speech, Shetty points out that UK author J. K. Rowling got her famous Harry Potter series published at age 32, after being turned down by 12 publishers. Shetty also mentions that Chinese businessman Jack Ma didn’t even start the Alibaba Group until he was 35 and US actor Morgan Freeman didn’t get his big break until he was 52 years old.We shouldn’t let anyone rush us. As Albert Einstein once said, “Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that’s counted truly counts. ”The key to staying on our own tracks is to be patient and embrace our own passions. In Australian nurse Bronnie Ware’s best-selling book, she recorded the regrets of her dying patients, and the top one on the list was, “I wish l had the courage to live a life true to myself, not the one others expected of me.” Indeed, we are all unique in our personalities and gifts, and there’s no perfect fit for all. We should listen to our inner voices and unlearn what the world has taught us.“It is important to allow people to go back to being self-aware of their own interests, needs and concerns”, Shetty told National Geographic. “It’s disconnecting from what ‘makes sense’ to what actually moves you and what makes sense internally.”33．What is many people’s life path like according to Paragraph 1?。

2021届高三新题速递英语11月刊新高考3 阅读理解议论文及夹叙夹议文(解析版)

考点03 阅读理解议论文及夹叙夹议文Passage1（2020·云南昆明一中高三开学考试）（2020·北京密云·期中）Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products (副产品) of technological developments in the space industry.While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.1．Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1?A．To express his doubts. B．To compare different ideas.C．To describe the conditions on Earth. D．To introduce points for discussion.2．What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2?A．Humans have the tendency to fight. B．Humans are nature-born to do so.C．Humans may find new sources of food. D．Humans don’t like to stay in the same place.3．What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?A．The adaptive ability of humans. B．Resources on the earth.C．Our genetic makeup. D．By-products in space exploration.4．Which of the statements can best sum up the passage?A．Space exploration has created many wonders.B．Space exploration provided the best value for money.C．Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.D．Space exploration may benefit science and technology.【答案】1．D2．B3．A4．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。

超实用高考英语复习：短文类03(正反观点型,利弊对比型,解决问题型)(原卷版)

议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。

论点、论据和论证是不可缺少的三要素。

近年来，高考英语书面表达中对开放性议论文文体的考查有递增趋势。

第一段∶开头-—引论。

用以引出一个令人关注的问题（topic），阐明观点或看法。

第二段∶主体——本论。

全文的主要部分，对提出的问题进行分析、推论，运用材料对观点进行论述，使论点得到足够的支持。

第三段∶结尾—结论。

对主体部分内容进行概括，明确论点所要解决、论证的问题。

有时则是提出建议或给出解决问题的方法或策略。

议论文的写作较之于其他题材的文章相对有规律可循。

而且文章的开头具有一定的共性，行文中段落的过渡和观点之间的转化也有相似之处。

因此使用规律性的语句不但可以显得条理清楚，而且可以提高文章档次。

一、议论文(1)——正反观点型Part 1：写作模板1．导入主题There is a widespread concern over the issue that (某个主题，需以句子形式呈现)．But it is well known that the opinions concerning this hot topic vary from person to person.2．正方观点A majority of people approve of the opinion that (正方观点)．From their point of view，there are two factors contributing to this attitude，which are as follows：in the first place，(原因一)．Furthermore，(原因二)．3．反方观点On the contrary，some people differ in their opinions on this matter.They hold the view that (反方观点)．On the one hand，(原因一)．On the other hand，(原因二)．4．阐明个人看法As far as I am concerned，I think we should take immediate measures to (个人观点)．First ofall，.In addition，.Only in this way can we .【说明】文章结构1．开头：提出问题；2．主体：陈述不同的观点及其理由；3．结尾：说明自己的观点。

高考英语阅读理解-议论文5篇真题训练

高考英语复习阅读理解专练议论文5篇Passage 1(2017北京,D)Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off”as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.”However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented theneutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .A.run out of human controlB.satisfy human’s real desiresmand armies of killer robotsD.work faster than a mathematician2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .A.prevent themselves from being destroyedB.achieve their original goals independentlyC.do anything successfully with given ordersD.beat humans in international chess matches3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .A.help super intelligent machines work betterB.be secure against evil human beingsC.keep machines from being harmedD.avoid robots’affecting the world4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A.It will disappear with the development of AI.B.It will get worse with human interference.C.It will be solved but with difficulty.D.It will stay for a decade.Passage 2(2016课标Ⅰ,D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attemptsmay be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)value ofsilence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A.It implies anger.B.It promotes friendship.C.It is culture-specific.D.It is content-based.2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C.The Mexicans.D.The Russians.3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make use of its healing effects.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver;Silence Is GoldPassage 3(2016浙江,A)“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday?”Lindsey whispers to Tori.With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago.”Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happens to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话). I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor (传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.”In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority (优越感).Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore orwhat Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story”might have.1.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to .A.introduce a topicB.present an argumentC.describe the charactersD.clarify his writing purpose2.An important negative effect of gossip is that it .A.breaks up relationshipsB.embarrasses the listenerC.spreads information aroundD.causes unpleasant experiences3.In the author’s opinion, many people like to gossip because it .A.gives them a feeling of pleasureB.helps them to make more friendsC.makes them better at telling storiesD.enables them to meet important people4.Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can .A.provide students with written rulesB.help people watch their won behaviorsC.force schools to improve student handbooksD.attract the police’s attention to group behaviors5.What advice does the author give in the passage?A.Never become a gossiper.B.Stay away from gossipers.C.Don’t let gossip turn into lies.D.Think twice before you gossip.Passage 4(2016北京,D)Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence,during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control;guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility,college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on”new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces”within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern,they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults:the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents’desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.1.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?A.Sympathetic.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.2.The underlined word “passage”in Paragraph 2 means .A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension3.According to the author, what role should college play?A.To develop a shared identity among students.B.To define and regulate students’social behavior.C.To provide a safe world without tension for students.D.To foster students’intellectual and personal development.4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionPassage 5(2014课标Ⅰ,C)A typical lion tamer(驯兽师)in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭)and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention,but it’s mostly for show.In reality,it’s the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face,the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided,the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options,the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion?How often do you have something you want to achieve(e.g.lose weight,start a business,travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action,make less progress,and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesn’t have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face,remember this:All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go,something you want toaccomplish,someone you want to become...take immediate action.If you’re clear about where you want to go,the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.1.Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A.To trick the lion.B.To show off his skills.C.To get ready for a fight.D.To entertain the audience.2.In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A.They feel puzzled over choices.B.They hold on to the wrong things.C.They find it hard to make changes.D.They have to do something for show.3.What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.Tolerant.B.Doubtful.C.Respectful.D.Supportive.4.When the world is “waving a chair in your face”,you’re advised to .A.wait for a better chanceB.break your old habitsC.make a quick decisionD.ask for clear guidance答案全解全析Passage 1[语篇解读] 本文为议论文。

高考阅读体裁篇之议论文 (真题+各地名校试题)--备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破(练习版)

专题五：高考阅读体裁篇备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破考向3 议论文Passage 1 （2021·全国·高考真题）Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the stud y found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”1．What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?A．They're unfair. B．They're conservative.C．They're objective. D．They're strict.2．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A．They think themselves smart.B．They look up to great thinkers.C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs3．Why are more geniuses known to the public?A．Improved global communication.B．Less discrimination against women.C．Acceptance of victors' concepts.D．Changes in people's social positions.4．What is the best title for the text?A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many FormsC．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and LuckPassage 2 （2021·北京·北师大实验中学三模）In 1953, when visiting his daughter’s maths class, the Harvard psycholo gist B．F. Skinner found every pupil learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. Since then, education technology (edtech) has repeated the cycle of hype and flop (炒作和失败), even as computers have reshaped almost every other part of life.Softwares to “personalize” learning can help hundreds of millions of children stuck in miserable classes—but only if edtech supporters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. Alternatives have so far failed to teach so many children as efficiently as the conventional model of schooling, where classrooms, hierarchical year-groups, standardized curriculums and fixed timetables are still the typical pattern for most of the world’s nearly 1.5 billion schoolchildren. Under this pattern, too many do not reach their potential. That condition remained almost unchanged over the past 15 years, though billions have been spent on IT in schools during that period.What really matters then? The answer is how edtech is used. One way it can help is through tailor-made instruction. Reformers think edtech can put individual attention within reach of all pupils. The other way edtech can aid learning is by making schools more productive. In California schools, instead of textbooks, pupils have “playlists”, which they use to access online lessons and take tests. The software assesses children’s progress, lightening teachers’ marking load and allowing them to focus on other tasks. A study suggested that children inearly adopters of this model score better in tests than their peers at other schools.Such innovation is welcome. But making the best of edtech means getting several things right. First, “personalized learning” must fo llow the evidence on how children learn. It must not be an excuse to revive pseudoscientific ideas such as “learning styles”: the theory that each child has a particular way of taking in information. This theory gave rise to government-sponsored schemes like Brain Gym, which claimed that some pupils should stretch or bend while doing sums. A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity. Actually, the opposite is true. According to studies, most effective ways of boosting learning nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher.Second, edtech must narrow, rather than widen, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, where laggards (成绩落后者) make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. A similar pattern can be observed outside America.Third, the potential for edtech will be realized only if teachers embrace it. They are right to ask for evidence that products work. But skepticism should not turn into irrational opposition. Given what edtech promises today, closed-mindedness has no place in the classroom.5．According to the passage, education technology can ________.A．decrease teachers’ working loadB．facilitate personalized learningC．help standardize curriculumsD．be loved by schoolchildren6．Which example best argues against the underlined sentence in Para. 4?A．The students who are better at memorization tend to be less creative.B．Schools with bans on phones have better results than high-tech ones.C．Shakespeare was trained in grammar but he penned many great plays.D．Lu Xun’s creativity was unlocked after he gave up studying medicine.7．The author believes that edtech functions well only when it is ________.A．at the service of teachingB．limited in use among pupilsC．aimed at narrowing the wealth gapD．in line with students’ learning styles8．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To stress the importance of edtech.B．To introduce the application of edtech.C．To discuss how to get the best out of edtech.D．To appeal for more open-mindedness to edtech.Passage 3 （2021·浙江·台州市书生中学模拟预测）“When I think of England, I think of the queen taking her dogs for walk in the countryside,” says Carsten Haferkamp, a dog-owning German working in London. Data from Tractive, a firm that provides GPS tracking for pets, show that Britons walk their dogs more than their European neighbors do.The British love for dog-walking may have more to do with the walking than the dogs. Britons are big walkers –they came fifth in the world in a study in 2017, the highest in Europe. Dogs provide walkers with company and a purpose, so it may be that walking encourages dog-ownership.But Julien Dugnoille, an expert at Exeter University, suspects dog-walking has a deeper significance. Dogs, he suggests, are a useful aid to a socially awkward nation. “Britons tend to have a chat with strangers and exchange a few jokes and comments about the weather without putting themselves in danger.”A tradition among the British nobles of owning and training dogs also leads Dr Dugnoille to assume thatdog-walking is a way to keep ancient honor. “When people in the park say Max is very well-behaved,” says Dr Dugnoille, “that is a way to show their authority in the art of dog training compared to those dog owners who are not in control of their own dog.”But it’s not just about showing off, in his view. He believes walking with one’s best friend creates a time and space where dogs and humans meet as species and connect as individuals.Still, Britons should not congratulate themselves too much on their behavior towards their dog companions. According to Dr Carri Westgarth of Liverpool University, “People say that a dog needs a walk every day, but they will find re asons why their dog doesn’t need a walk. They’ll say: he’s got company indoors, he’s nervous or he doesn’t like the rain.”9．The queen is mentioned in paragraph 1 to show _______.A．the queen’s love for dogs B．a foreigner’s impression of EnglandC．the British devotion to walking dogs D．the importance of dog-walking for Europeans10．What does Dr Dugnoille most probably agree with?A．Britons see dogs as protectors from danger.B．Dog-walking is related to the British traditional culture.C．Britons prefer to walk rather than walk the dog.D．Dog-walking is a close link between the British and nature.11．Dr Westgarth’s comment on the British dog-walking suggests that_______.A．Britons are proud of dog-walking B．dogs are a good companion for BritonsC．he is doubtful of the British love for dogs D．weather is a popular topic among Britons12．What would be the best title for the text?A．Love Your Dog, Walk Your Dog B．How Do Britons Walk Their Dogs?C．Opinions on Dog-Walking in Britain D．Why Do Britons Love to Walk Dogs?Passage 4 （2021·上海普陀·一模）A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn't need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps highest must aim highest and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life's problems with grace as well.The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their uniforms. It's that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection. That's stupid and it makes the rest of us down here lazy.I get the importance of having heroes, the people who inspire us to cultivate the best potential within us and nurture our better angels. I personally have many heroes, from my mother, Lucy, to my favorite law professor, Howard. But these are personal contacts, people who have-actually touched my hand and my heart, and who occupy a pedestal（基座）built of my own experiences and aspirations. To look at an athlete or an actress with high salary and demand that he or she match our dreams is not only a waste of time, but it's dangerous. The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores. That was Barkley's point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn't abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north.Recently on a television program I participated in, the discussion turned to Kathleen Kane. Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general（首席检察官）in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office. I offered the opinion that Kane was unquestionably criticized and that it was not hatred towards woman but incompetence at the root of the attacks. After the show aired, I had people emailing to tell me that I was either a traitor（叛徒）for publicly attacking a fellow female when we need to stand together behind this "role model", or a fool for not going a step further to say that this incompetent lawyer had made it harder for all women to move to the next level.How depressing! Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people? The answer is obvious: Kane has stopped being an attorney general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General. She can't just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we'd learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity.13．Many people were angry with Charles Barkley mainly because________.A．he broke fundamental principles in life B．he was not good enough to be a role modelC．he doubted the perfection of some sports figures D．he thought sports figures could have weaknesses 14．According to Barkley, why is it dangerous to take public figures as heroes?A．Because we may let go of our own moral standards.B．Because an athlete or actress cannot match our dreams.C．Because we blindly admire public figures for their faults.D．Because we shouldn't waste time imitating public figures.15．From the passage we can infer that Kathleen Kane was________.A．unfairly criticized due to being female B．the first female attorney general in the USC．less qualified than the public had expected D．a role model for women seeking elected office16．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．Be Our Representatives for Perfection B．Exploration of Our Own Heroic PotentialC．Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures D．Our Conventional Views of Female PoliticianPassage 5 （2021·重庆巴蜀中学二模）While the arts can' t stop the COVID-19 virus or the social unrest we see in the world today, they can give us insight into the choices we make when moving through crises and chaos. The arts invite everyone to think in new ways.We often experience works of art as something that's pleasing to our senses without a full understanding of the creative effort. Great art often shows us contradictions and crises, and we can learn a great deal from their resolutions(解决）). Through our understanding of art, we can gain a deeper understanding of how we might overcome our own challenges. In understanding extremes of contrast, we can see the beauty in art with themes that are not simply pleasing for their magnificent features or qualities.Beethoven offers a wonderful example of moving artfully through crises and chaos. He composed his Symphony No. 9 as his hearing loss became more and more pronounced. The opening of the symphony seems to come out of nowhere, from near silence in the opening to a full expression of what many consider to be the joy of freedom and universal brotherhood with Schiller’s Ode to joy（欢乐颂). Beethoven appears to have created a work of art that not only freed him from his personal struggles, but one that also speaks to the joy of living together in peace and harmony.Have a dialogue between the two opposing parts and you will find that they always start out fighting each other until we come to an appreciation of difference—a oneness of the two opposing forces. The arts offer many lessons that can help us gain the knowledge we need to move more confidently in today’ s competitive and uncertain environment. An openness to arts-based solutions will give you more control over your future. 17．What value does art have beyond pleasing people's senses?A．It brings people inner peace.B．It contributes to problem-solving.C．It reduces the possibility of crises.D．It deepens understanding of music.18．What can we learn about Beethoven's Symphony No. 9?A．It celebrates freedom and unity.B．It aims to show crises and chaos.C．It opens with Schiller's Ode to Joy.D．It is unfinished due to his hearing loss.19．What is the author's suggestion on dealing with conflicting forces?A．Leaving things as they are.B．Making a choice between them.C．Separating them from each other.D．Engaging them in a conversation.20．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．How COVID-19 changes artB．Essentials of Symphony No. 9C．Moving artfully through crisesD．Joy in the eyes of BeethovenPassage 6 （2021·辽宁·大连二十四中一模）Imagine possessing something that you loved so much. Imagine what it would feel like if you lost it. While that item may be something as simple as a toy, you would still feel very upset, but you could replace it with a new one. Now imagine losing something that you depend on for survival and cannot be replaced. That is what it would be like if we lost the natural environment around us.Firstly, I believe the environment should be protected because it supports human life. One of the largest examples is that we get all of our food and drinks from the environment. If the environment were to be destroyed beyond revival, then the human race would be over in months. Scientists have to find another planet with similar conditions to the Earth, and if it's found, we don’t have the technology to get to that planet in time.Secondly, I believe that the environment serves as an amazing educational tool for students. When I was in second grade, I had an absolute interest in animals. When we had a field trip to the Daggerwing Nature Center, I was very excited. When we got there, I could hardly believe what I was seeing. There was a bridge to get to the main building, and under the bridge was a small swamp (沼泽) with turtles, fish, and my personal favorite, alligators. I was so surprised that I almost ran into the tour guide. We walked into the building and saw various animals in their habitats. I was so inspired by this visit. Six years later, I have taken an animal behavior class for three weeks. Meeting by chance with the environment can inspire people, and if preserved, it will continue to inspire people.In conclusion, the environment is so valuable because it can't be replaced, keeps us alive, and serves as a great educational tool.21．The first paragraph leads to the theme of the text by________________.A．describing a process. B．presenting differences.C．analyzing causes. D．showing similarities.22．The underlined word “revival” in paragraph 2 refers to_________________.A．health. B．recovery.C．range. D．survival.23．What's the function of paragraph 3?A．To express the writer’s absolute interest in animals.B．To introduce the Daggerwing Nature Centers scenery.C．To show the environment can inspire and educate people.D．To prove the subject he has chosen is promising.24．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．Why the Environment Is So Important?B．Which Planet Can Replace the Earth?C．How People Should Protect the Environment?D．What People Can Do to Stop Pollution?Passage 7 （2021·江苏·盐城中学模拟预测）On May 1, 1926, Ford Motor Company became one of the first American companies to adopt a five-day,40-hour week. It was something workers and labor unions had been calling for. However, the five-day workweek was to increase productivity. With more time and money, workers were expected to buy and use the products they were making. Manufacturers soon followed Ford’s lead, and the Monday-to-Friday workweek became standard practice.Since then, everything has changed but the hours. Many people worked longer, which severely influenced health and well-being, as well as the environment. Until the Second World War, it was common for one person in a family, usually the oldest male, to work full-time. Women gradually made up 42 percent of the world’s full-time workforce. Later, technology made lots of work unnecessary, with computers and robots doing many tasks previously performed by humans.Well into the 21st century, we continue to work the same long hours as 20th century laborers, using up more ofEarth’s supply to produce more goods that we must keep working to buy, use and replace in a seemingly endless cycle of hard work and consumption. It’s time to pause and consider be tter ways to live like shifting fromfossil-fueled lifestyles with which our consumer-based workweeks are connected.The UK New Economics Foundation argues that a standard 21-hour workweek would address a number of interconnected problems: overwork, unemployment, over-consumption, high carbon emissions, low well-being, and the lack of time to live sustainably, to care for each other, and simply to enjoy life. Economic systems that require constant growth on a finite (有限的) planet make no sense. It’s time for a change in our economic thinking. 25．Why did Henry Ford shorten the workweek?A．To increase efficiency.B．To cut workers’ salaries.C．To end conflicts with workers.D．To create more job opportunities.26．What happened in the workforce after World War II?A．The oldest male had to work longer.B．Technology let people work more flexibly.C．Job positions were created due to technology.D．Full-time vacancies were filled by more women.27．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?A．Companies shouldn’t pro duce more than people can use.B．The 21st century has witnessed the longest working hours.C．The cycle of longer workweek and consumption should be changed.D．Longer workweek definitely leads to stronger consumption capability.28．Which would be possible if a 21-hour workweek should be adopted?A．Companies would be closed down.B．Economic growth would be stopped.C．Economic systems would break down.D．People would be encouraged to enjoy life.Passage 8 （2021·广东·汕头市潮阳实验学校一模）A simple piece of clotheslines hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors. On one side stand those who see clothes dryers as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment. As a result, they are turning to clotheslines as part of the "what-I-can- do environmentalism”But on the other side are people who are against drying clothes outside, arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at. They have persuaded Homeowners Associations(HOAs) across the US to stop outdoor clotheslines, because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value in the neighborhood. This has led to a Right-to-Dry Movement that is calling for laws be passed to protect the choice to use clotheslines. So far, only three states have laws to protect clotheslines.Matt Reck, 37, is the kind of eco-friendly person who feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But several days ago, the HOA in North Carolina told him that a dissatisfied neighbor had telephoned them about his clothesline. The Recks paid no attention to the warning and still dried their clothes on a line in the yard "Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they don't take matters in their own hands," says Reck. The local HOA has decided not to take any action, unless more neighbors complain.North Carolina lawmakers say that stopping clotheslines is not the right thing to do. But HOAs and housing businesses believe that clothesline drying reminds people of poor neighborhoods. They worry that if buyers think their future neighbors can" even afford dryers, housing prices will fall.Environmentalists say such worries are not necessary, and in view of global warming, that idea needs to change. As they say, "The clothesline is beautiful Hanging clothes outside should be encouraged. We all have to do at least something to slow down the process of global warming.29．Supporters of clothes dryers are trying to stop clothesline drying because .A．clothes dryers can save money B．clothes dryers are energy-savingC．clothesline drying reduces home value D．clothesline drying is not allowed in US30．Which of the following best describes Matt Reck?A．He is a warm-hearted man. B．He is an impolite neighbor.C．He is an inexperienced gardener. D．He is a man of social responsibility.31．Who are most likely to support clothesline drying?A．Housing businesses. B．Environmentalists.C．Homeowners Associations. D．Reck's dissatisfied neighbors.32．What could be the best title for the passage?A．Opposing Opinions on Clothesline Drying B．A Way to Save Energy and MoneyC．Different Varieties of Clotheslines D．A Lost Art to Be Discovered.Passage 9 （2021·湖南·长郡中学模拟预测）Last year, 138,000 San Francisco residents used Airbnb, a popular app designed to connect home renters and travelers. It’s a striking num ber for a city with a population of about 850,000, and it was enough for Airbnb to win a major victory in local elections, as San Francisco voters struck down a debatable rule that would have placed time restrictions and other regulations on short-term rental services.The company fiercely opposed the measure, Proposition F, with a nearly $10 million advertising campaign. It also contacted its San Franciscan users with messages urging them to vote against Proposition F.Most people think of Airbnb as a kind of couch-surfing app. The service works for one-night stays on road trips and longer stays in cities, and it often has more competitive pricing than hotels. It’s a textbook example of the “sharing economy”, but not everyone is a fan.The app has had unintended consequences in San Francisco. As the San Francisco Chronicle reported last year, a significant amount of renting on Airbnb is not in line with the company’s image: middle-class families putting up a spare room to help make ends meet. Some users have taken advantage of the service, using it to turn their multiple properties into vacation rentals or even full-time rentals. Backers of Proposition F argued that this trend takes spaces off the conventional, better-regulated housing market and contributes to rising costs.“The fact is, widespread abuse of short-term rentals is taking much needed housing off the market and harming our neighborhoods,” said ShareBetter SF, a group that supported Prop osition F. Hotel unions have protested the company’s practice s in San Francisco and other cities, saying that it creates an illegal hotel system.San Francisco is in the middle of a long-term, deeply rooted housing crisis that has seen the cost of living explode. Actually, explode is a generous term. The average monthly rent for an apartment is around $4, 000. Located on a narrow outcropping of land overlooking the bay, San Francisco simply doesn’t have enough space to accommodate the massive inflow of young, high-salaried tech employees flocking to Silicon Valley.As the Los Angeles Times reported, some San Francisco residents supported the measure simply because it seemed like a way to check a big corporation. Opponents of Proposition F countered that the housing crisis runs much deeper, and that passing the rule would have discouraged a popular service while doing little to solve thecity’s existing problems.33．The intention of Proposition F is to ________.A．place time limits in local election. B．set limits on short-term rental.C．strike down a controversial rule. D．urge users to vote against Airbnb.34．What is the negative consequence of Airbnb on San Francisco?A．It shrinks the living space of middle-class families.B．Users are taken advantage of by the service financially.C．It makes the house market more competitive.D．It indirectly leads to high house rental price.35．The housing crisis in San Francisco results from ________.A．explosion of the living cost B．its geographic characteristicsC．generosity of local enterprises D．inflow of migrant population36．The a uthor’s attitude toward Proposition F is ________.A．objective B．supportiveC．negative D．indifferentPassage 10 （2021·湖北·巴东一中一模）Growing up, we are constantly reminded that young people are heavily affected by technology. We are the “antisocial club”, t hose who prefer to text our friends in the same room rather than make eye contact with them. And even though never-ending studies reveal to us the extent of our social media addiction, we should at least consider that it’s not only our young people’s probl em any more.There’s the rise of the Instagram mums, who like to post an abundance of cute baby pictures, share their mom feelings along the way and show their wonderful lifestyles. They are the so-called “Facebook mum generation”, a growing group of parents that like to overshare.While all of this might be fine, and even a little humorous, new research suggests that parents’ technology addiction is negatively affecting their children’s behavior. According to the study, 40% of mothers and 32% of fathers have admitted having some sort of phone addiction. This has led to a significant fall in verbal interactions within families and even a decline in mothers’ encouraging their children.。

全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文

全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文(2014安徽卷) DShould we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons for example, economic (经济的) reasons—why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own home town of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的) and do not like change.Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward . If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves . Thus , I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different , even though that might be the more risky choice.68. What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?A. Some of them are not attractive.B. Most of them ate too expensive to preserve.C. They are more pleasing than modern buildings.D. They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.69. Which of the following is true according to the author?A. We should reproduce the same old buildings.B. Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.C. Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.D. No one understands why people speak against new buildings.70. By “move things forward ” in the last paragraph , the author probably means “______”.A. Destroy old buildingsB. Put things in a different placeC. Choose new architectural stylesD. Respect people’s feelings for historical buildings71. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain why people dislike change.B. To warn that we could end up living in caves.C. To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.D. To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.【篇章导读】这是一篇议论文。

高中英语阅读题及答案——议论文专练(含答案)

高考英语阅读专练——议论文专练（含答案）1We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new，but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers，basic mobile phones，and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players，smart phones，and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices，however，we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room，and suddenly one day，you have a TV in every room of the house，" said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team，old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function，such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.2The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from coming into reality in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their cars in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology may change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is managed.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars, policymakers should be talking more about how self-driving cars can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient and affordable choices to move around. The arrival of driverless cars is a chance to make sure that those cars are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own their self-driving cars. They accept long, slow journeys to and from work on crowded highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride. They take their driverless car to a date and set the empty car to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(网约车)services. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless cars doesn't worsen the transportation system we have today. The coming technological development presents a chance for cities andstates to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Self-driving cars are not allowed in the real world.B. Driverless taxies will be seen everywhere on the road in a short term.C. California is not alone in testing driverless cars.D. Self-driving technology will definitely benefit transportation system.2.According to the author, policymakers should pay more attention to __________.A. how driverless cars can help deal with transportation-related problemsB. how driverless cars can travel safelyC. how driverless cars can travel fasterD. how driverless cars can move more people3.What is a possible side effect of self-driving cars?A. Journeys to and from work become longer.B. More and more people abandon public transportation.C. There is no place to park them.D. They may result in traffic jams.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Preparing Cities for Robot CarsB. Future Technology UnderwayC. Transportation System in the FutureD. Robot Cars on the Road3I log onto a computer at the doctor's office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room.There, a robotic nurse directs me onto a device and then takes my blood pressure. Some time later, in steps the doctor, who is also a robot. He notes down my symptoms and gives me a prescription (处方). I pay for my visit using a credit card machine and return home without having met another human being.When I call my dentist's office and actually get a human being on the line, I am thrilled. And when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel like shouting, "When it comes to cashiers, make mine human, please!"After all, human cashiers sometimes give you a store coupon (优惠券) for items you are buying. Even more than that, real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can brighten a young mother'sday. A cashier may also show compassion (同情)for an elderly person struggling to get that last penny out of her purse.What technological device would do any of this? I don't want to go back to the Stone Age, but I'm also worried about a world run by machines. Sometimes when you're chatting with someone, you discover things you need to know. Maybe a receptionist needs prayers said for a sick child. Maybe a salesperson can offer a bit of encouragement to a customer who is feeling tired.Machines can be efficient and cost-effective and they often get the job done just fine. But they lack an element so important to everyday life.Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart. It is something no machine will ever have. It is being human that prompts us to smile at others, which may be what they need at that moment.1.What's the author's purpose in writing the first two paragraphs?A．To indicate high technology can make our future life very easyB．To describe a possible future scene where robots take control of our lifeC．To warn readers of the possible dangers of robotic nurses and doctorsD．To predict how technology can affect the way we see a doctoring the future2.Why does the author prefer being served by humans rather than by robots?A．Robots are indifferent and emotionlessB．Robots can't provide efficient servicesC．Robots don't offer to give store couponsD．Robots are unable to do a job as well as humans3.What's the author's attitude towards machines?A．He wishes one day they would come to lifeB．He is absolutely against their existence in his lifeC．He doesn't like they get involved in his life too muchD．He is afraid they would take the place of human beings4After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park．Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park．By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves．Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development．By the 1920s, wolves had practicallydisappeared from the Yellowstone area．They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around．The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations —major food sources (来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers．As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park．They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems．Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets．The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U．S．Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone．Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone．Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback．The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well．28．What is the text mainly about?A．Wildlife research in the United States．B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area．C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves．D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park．29．What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?A．Tested．B．Separated．C．Forced out．D．Tracked down．30．What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？A．Damage to local ecology. B．A decline in the park’s income．C．Preservation of vegetation. D．An increase in the variety of animals．31．What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring．5More students than ever before are taking a gap-year (间隔年)before going to university. It used to be called the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student had ship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and More students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term-time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,” he said.29.What do we learn about the gap year from the text?A. It is flexible in length.B. It is a time for relaxation.C. It is increasingly popular.D. It is required by universities.30.According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year______.A. are better prepared for college studiesB. know a lot more about their future jobsC. are more likely to leave university in debtD. have a better chance to enter top universities31.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?A. He’s puzzled.B. He’s worried.C. He’s surprised.D. He’s annoyed.32.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A. Attend additional courses.B. Make plans for the new term.C. Earn money for their education.D. Prepare for their graduate studies.6A typical lion tamer(驯兽师) in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭) and a chair．The whip gets all of the attention，but it's mostly for show．In reality，it's the chair that does the important work．When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face，the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the sametime．With its focus divided，the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next．When faced with so many options，the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair．How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e．g．lose weight，start a business，travel more) — only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best，the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information．The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things，and so we take less action，make less progress，and stay the same when we could be improving．It doesn't have to be that way．Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face，remember this：All you need to do is focus on one thing．You just need to get started．Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people．If you have somewhere you want to go，something you want to accomplish，someone you want to become．．．take immediate action．If you're clear about where you want to go，the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way．28．Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A．To show off his skills．B．To trick the lion．C．To get ready for a fight．D．To entertain the audience．29．In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A．They feel puzzled over choices．B．They hold on to the wrong things．C．They find it hard to make changed．D．They have to do something for show．30．What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A．Tolerant．B．Doubtful．C．Respectful．D．Supportive．31．When the world is “waving a chair in your face”, you’re advised to _______．A．wait for a better chance B．break your old habitsC．make a quick decision D．ask for clear guidance参考答案1.CBDC2. CABA3. BAC4.DCAB5.CABC6. AABC。

高考英语复习32：议论文类阅读理解

高考英语复习32：议论文类阅读理解一、阅读理解1. ( 8分) （2019·北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams (欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it's too little, too late. By the time these "solutions" (解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human—sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches (数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother's name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's, ricking you into "confirming" your address, mother's name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.（1）How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?A.PanickedB.ConfusedC.EmbarrassedD.Disappointed（2）taking advantage of the new technologies, scammer can ________.A.aim at victims preciselyB.damage databases easilyC.start campaigns rapidlyD.spread information widely（3）What does the passage imply?A.Honesty is the best policy.B.Technologies can be double-edited.C.There are more solutions than problems.D.Credibility holds the key to development.（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Where the Problem of Robocalls Is RootedB.Who Is to Blame for the Problem of RobocallsC.Why Robocalls Are About to Get More DangerousD.How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology2. ( 8分) （2019·江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2025届高考英语专项复习阅读理解议论文 2020-2024高考真题专练(原卷版+解析版)

阅读理解议论文考点1 人与自我型议论文【2021新课标I卷】Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and othersinterested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligenceA. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligenceA. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligenceA. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.【答案】322-35 DBAB【导读】本文是一篇议论文。

2021届高考英语重难热点专练04阅读理解之议论文(解析版)

重难热点04同读理解之议论文【命题趋势】议论文是英语中的重要文体，在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。

议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。

议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。

议论文的写法通常有以下三种形式：写法一：正方（甲方）,反方（乙方），我认为……写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。

写法三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。

议论文的内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。

在这类体裁的文章中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。

此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多，这也是得分比较难的题型。

在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。

【满分技巧】注意事项：1.避免读得太快，做题靠印象和直觉。

（要求每一道题回到原文去找答案）2.要先看题目，后读文章。

（与先读文章，后看题目的比较）高考材料阅读方法：先通读全文，重点读首段、各段的段首段尾句，然后其他部分可以略读，再审题定位，比较选项，选出答案。

要有把握文章的宏观结构、中心句的能力。

3.阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有：（1）标志类、指示类的信息。

①表示并列关系:and. also, coupled with等;②表示转折关系：but, yet, however, by contrast 等：③表示因果关系：therefore,【hereby, consequently, as a result 等；④表示递进关系：in addition to. even, what,s more, furthermore 等：⑤表示重要性的词：prime, above all, first等。

以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握。

（2）具有感情色彩、显示作者态度的词：blind盲目的（贬）,excessively过分的（贬）,objective（客观）等。

高考英语复习题：课时16 阅读理解体裁解读3 议论文 Word版含答案

课时16 阅读理解体裁解读3 议论文Ⅰ.体裁解读——议论文议论文也是一种运用十分广泛的文章体裁。

同学们在阅读议论文时不仅要把握文章的论点、论据和论证，还要把握文章的结构和语言。

像汉语一样，英语议论文通常也为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部分组成。

首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。

议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。

因此，阅读议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。

一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接下来是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。

同学们还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。

把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。

【体裁演练】(·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)More students than ever before are taking a gap－year (间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the “year off” between school and university.The gap－year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year，25，310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year，according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS)．That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well－planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，” he said.But not everyone is happy.Owain James，the president of the National Union of Students(NUS)，argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship－youngpeople are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15，000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，”he said.1. What do we learn about the gap year from the text?A．It is flexible in length.B．It is a time for relaxation.C．It is increasingly popular.D．It is required by universities.2. According to Tony Higgins，students taking a gap year________．A．are better prepared for college studiesB．know a lot more about their future jobsC．are more likely to leave university in debtD．have a better chance to enter top universities3. How does Owain James feel about the gap－year phenomenon?A．He's puzzled. B．He's worried.C．He's surprised. D．He's annoyed.4. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics? A．Attend additional courses.B．Make plans for the new term.C．Earn money for their education.D．Prepare for their graduate studies.Ⅱ.能力提升演练A(·兰州高三质检)Do you like shopping? Or does the thought of wandering round the shops fill you with terror? For some of us, shopping is an enjoyable way of spending our spare time and our money. For me, it's something I would rather avoid. Thank goodness for the Internet! It's more convenient to buy CDs, electrical items, andeven food from the comfort of your sofa. But that's not the only reason: price is an important factor. We can buy goods and services cheaper online. But sometimes the problem is knowing what to buy. This has led to a type of shopping called “showrooming”．Showrooming is something I've done. I will go to a shop to see, touch and try out products but then go home and buy them online at a knock－down price. I'm not alone in doing this. Research by a company called Foolproof found 24% of people showroomed while Christmas shopping in .Amy Cashman, Head of Technology at TNS UK, says the reasons for this new shopping habit are that people are lacking time, lacking money and they want security about the products they are buying. She explains that consumers are not only shopping online at home but they are using the Internet in store or on their smartphones to shop around.But does this mean technology will kill shops? Certainly shops will change. They will have to offer more competitive prices or encourage people to buy more by giving in－store discounts or free gifts.We mustn't forget that buying in a shop means you can get expert advice from the sales assistant and you can get good aftercare. It's good to speak to a real human rather than look at a faceless computer screen, but at least by showrooming, you get the best of both worlds!1．What does showrooming mean in the text?A．Trying in shops and buying online.B．Showing products in a room.C．Buying something in a store.D．Shopping on the Internet.2．According to Amy Cashman, which is not the reason for showrooming?A．The lack of time.B．The comfort of the sofa.C．The shortness of money.D．The security of the product.3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?A．Online shops will disappear.B．Free gifts will surely promote sales.C．Shops need necessary changes.D．Shops will be replaced by online shops.4．The author's attitude towards showrooming is ________．A．critical B．neutral C．supportive D．casualBMany kids help out around the house with chores(家庭杂务) such as emptying the dishwasher, putting laundry away, and taking out the trash. In exchange, some kids get allowances(补贴) or other rewards such as extra computer time.But some people do not think that kids should get rewards for doing chores. Susie Walton, a parenting educator and family coach, believes that by rewarding kids, parents are sending a message that work isn't worth doing unless you get something in return. “Running any kind of household is a team effort，”Susie said. “A home is a living space for everyone in the family. It's important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house, and that families decide together how they want their home to look, and how they are going to keep it looking like everyone wants it to look.”Other people believe that getting a cash allowance or other rewards motivates kids to do chores, and it also teaches them real world lessons about how we need to work to earn money. There are also new applications that give kids points and digital gifts that can be redeemed (兑取) either online or in the real world. With the ChoreMonster app, kids earn digital points by completing chores that they can turn in for real－life rewards such as extra Xbox time or a trip to the mall. “Our goal is to encourage kids to earn rewards，”says Chris Bergman, founder of ChoreMonster. “Kids need positive reinforcement(强化) to help motivate them.”What do you think? Should kids be rewarded for doing chores? Or should kids help out around their homes without getting anything in return?Write a 200－word response. Send it to tfkasks4you@ timeforkids. com. Your response may be published in a future issue of Time For Kids. Please include your grade and contact information of your parent or teacher if you want your response to be published. The deadline for responding is February 18.5．How does the author start the passage?A．By presenting some facts.B．By listing some evidence.C．By comparing different views.D．By stating his own experiences.6．According to Susie Walton, ________．A．kids should be rewarded for doing choresB．parents decide what kids can do for the familyC．kids have the responsibility to share houseworkD．kids can get extra computer time for doing chores7．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________．A．Chris Bergman's opinion on raising kidsB．main reasons why kids need encouragementC．how to motivate kids to try new applicationsD．the advantage of rewarding kids for doing chores8．The purpose of writing the text is to ________．A．invite readers to express their opinionsB．inform readers of two different opinionsC．call on readers to reflect on their behaviorD．present the author's viewpoint about parentingCAccording to a recent article in The Wall Street Journal, we might all be braggarts(自吹自擂者) in this competitive society addicted to social networking.Take a close look at your social－networking sites. Do you like to post photos of yourself in restaurants to show others what an exciting life you have? Or do you like to write about how happily in love you are? Or perhaps you are of the subtle type whoconstantly complain about jobs but really just want to impress others with your important position.According to the results of a series of experiments conducted by Harvard University neuroscientists (神经系统科学家), the reward areas of our brain—the same areas that respond to “primary rewards” such as food—are activated when we talk about ourselves. We devote between 30 to 40 percent of our conversation time to doing just that. Unfortunately, Bernstein says, some people can't tell the difference between sharing positive information that others might actually want to know and direct bragging. She suggests that bragging involves comparison, whether stated or implied.“We are expected to be perfect all the time. The result is that more and more people are carefully managing their online images，”says Elizabeth Bernstein, a columnist with The Wall Street Journal.But the issue is not limited to the Internet. In a fiercely competitive job market we must sell ourselves on multiple platforms and show that we are better than others. In fact, we have become so accustomed to bragging that we don't even realize we are doing it, says Bernstein. This is harmful to our relationships and puts people off.Bernstein talked to some experts who said that people brag for all sorts of reasons: to appear worthy of attention; to prove to ourselves we are doing fine and that people who said we would fail are wrong; or simply because we're excited when good things happen to us.“Feel sorry for them, because they're doing this unconscious, destructive thing that won't help them in the long run，”said Professor Simian Valier, a research psychologist at Washington University.9．The underlined word “subtle” in Para. 2 is closest in meaning to “________”．A．hidden B．apparentC．outstanding D．simple10．Which of the following is one of the features of braggarts?A．They control conversation and only talk about themselves.B．They know well how to share positive information.C．They self－promote to stand out in their career.D．They don't pay much attention to their online image.11．What can we infer from the passage?A．Braggarts make a good first impression but the effect decreases over time. B．People who like bragging know what they are doing.C．Braggarts always adopt comparison directly to show they are excellent.D．They care much about the feelings of others when talking.12．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．Are you a braggart?B．Society addicted to networkingC．Why do we keep on bragging?D．How to deal with a braggart?DIt's half past ten in the evening，and 11－year－old Joseph is sound asleep at home.Suddenly，a loud noise wakes him up.Naturally，Joseph reaches for his cell phone.The message beeps clear: “R U awake？”Joseph's use of technology doesn't stop there.He also has a computer，a TV and three video－game consoles(控制台)in his room.With so many choices，it's no surprise that when he isn't at school，he spends nearly every waking minute using one or more of these devices.Joseph is hardly alone.According to a recent study by the Kaiser Family Foundation，kids ages 8 to 18 are spending more time than ever before using electronic devices.How much time? More than seven and a half hours a day on average，the study found.“The jump is the result of a huge explosion in mobile devices，” says Victoria Rideout，the lead author of the study.Today，nearly seven out of ten kids have cell phones.Just five years ago，it was four out of ten.Often，kids multitask，or use more than one device at a time.“If you've got a chance to do something on your computer and take a phone call and have the TV on in the background，why not？”media expert Cheryl Olson says.Most experts agree that technology has much to offer kids.But some worry thekids could be missing out on other activities like playing outside or hanging out with friends.“It's a matter of balance，”says Olson.“You've got to work on it.”Multitasking while doing homework is another concern.Some kids listen to music，watch TV or use the phone while doing their homework.“It is important to make sure that you can stop and concentrate on one thing deeply，” says Rideout.With new and exciting devices hitting stores every year，keeping technology use in__check is more important than ever.“Kids should try，”adds Rideout.“But parents might have to step in sometimes.”13．Why do children spend more time in using electronic devices?A．Because electronic devices are more exciting than before.B．Because more electronic devices are available to them.C．Because they have fewer other activities.D．Because they have less homework to do.14．It is known from the passage that ________．A．Joseph feels very annoyed about his late－night textB．the teenagers using mobile devices have increased by 30% in the past five years C．most experts think teenagers should not use electronic devices for their studies D．Cheryl Olson is not surprised about kids' increasing use of mobile devices 15．Which of the following is an example of multitasking according to the passage? A．Playing video games on the Internet.B．Talking on the phone while staying with others.C．Watching TV while using the computer.D．Listening to music while relaxing.16．The underlined phrase “in check” in the last paragraph can be replaced by ________．A．in order B．in controlC．in store D．in sightEThere is a problem each of us faces in following advice on emotional healing: apologizing is difficult.We are trapped in what we think of ourselves by holding ontoour pride.We can be selfish and not willing to admit our most obvious mistakes.Pride eats away at us as we argue or ignore the mistake.It's happened to me.I have had too much pride and selfishness to apologize to a loved one I hurt.When I did want to apologize，I couldn't bring myself to face the other person.This is the pride I'm talking about.Maybe apologies come difficult for men because they're expected to be dominant(占优势的)．It's like the joke that a man never asks for directions when dies are more emotionally open than guys and are willing to express it.Still，both genders wonder how to correctly apologize.In shifting the focus on apologizing away from you，what does not apologizing do to other people? They feel hurt that you are not willing to communicate your mistake.They lose trust in you as you hide behind your mistake avoiding reality.They become angry with you，wondering why you do not tell them the truth.They may begin to counter your lack of apologies by not apologizing themselves and from this the relationship goes downhill as the two of you get caught in a power struggle.You need to communicate your mistakes.A mistake you made is like a scratch and by not apologizing you are making the scratch a deeper wound and rubbing salt into it.You need to stop hurting the other person and yourself by learning to apologize.There is real power in apologizing and emotional healing.17．People find it hard to apologize for their mistakes because of their________．A．emotional feeling B．sticking to their pride C．making argument D．being trapped in lies18．Why are men more unwilling to make apologies?A．They don't intend to hurt other people.B．They expect others to forgive them.C．They don't want to be considered weak.D．They aren't good at expressing themselves.19．What bad effect will there be if you refuse to apologize for your mistakes? A．Other people won't pay attention to you.B．You will lose confidence in yourself.C．You won't be forgiven even if you tell the truth.D．The friendship will get hurt and go worse.20．From the last paragraph，it can be inferred that ________．A．communication can stop your making mistakes B．mistakes would turn into deeper scratches C．apologizing is good for you and the other people D．apologizing is the most powerful in emotional healing第11页共11页。

高三英语英语专题练习阅读《议论文》

议论类第一部分五年高考题荟萃Passage 1(09·浙江)The trip to that city was eye-opening for everyone, and near its end , all the young people in our group began to reflect on what it had meant. We __21__ the first night we had arrived. We had all gone into the markets of the city __22__ the young people could experience its energy. But what we actually saw simply 23 us all –the rundown houses, the children in rags, the people begging for money… Walking home,24 under a low bridge, we came across 25 families of homeless people seekinga bit of dry ground to sleep on 26 he night. We had to step over bodies as we found our way through the darkness.The poverty(贫困) was 27 than anything my young companions had ever imagined. Back in the hotel, an air of sadness settled over the group. Many 28 and cried. Spending time in this 29 moves a person to care about humanity.That evening, our group spent hours talking about what we had 30 . Gently, I encouraged everyone to talk about the difficult 31 that day’s discoveries had inspired. Sitting together 32 a circle as everyone had a chance to speak, we all began to realize that 33 of us was alone in our struggle to cope with our reactions.Based on my 34 in poverty-stricken areas, I suggested that 35 the emotions we had were painful, they could also be important in helping us to move forward. We all 36 that we had seen things that should never be allowed to happen.37 , what could we do about it? Together, we began to brainstorm ways we could help to ease the 38 we had seen. As I encouraged group members to focus on 39 they could do, a sense of determination 40 the previous sadness. Instead of despair, these young people began to feel a call to action.21．A．put up with B．got back to C．looked back on D．made up for22．A．now that B．so that C．as if D．even if 23．A．puzzled B．annoyed C．embarrassed D．shocked 24．A．marching B．running C．passing D．moving 25．A．entire B．normal C．average D．general 26．A．beyond B．with C．till D．for 27．A．stronger B．deeper C．worse D．less 28．A．gave up B．broke down C．set off D．held on 29．A．environment B．hotel C．houseD．background30．A．inspected B．attempted C．witnessedD．challenged31．A．feelings B．decisions C．thoughtsD．impressions32．A．along B．around C．by D．in 33．A．neither B．either C．none D．each 34．A．experiences B．schedules C．data D．position 35．A．once B．while C．sinceD．unless36．A．supposed B．advised C．confirmed D．agreed 37．A．Surely B．Rather C．Now D．Indeed 38．A．burden B．suffering C．anxietyD．difficulty39．A．how B．where C．what D．when 40．A．replaced B．changed C．covered D．improved答案21.C 22.B 23.D 24.C 25.A 26.D 27.C 28.B 29.A 30.C 31.A 32.D 33.C 34.A 35.B 36.D 37.C 38.B 39.C 40.APassage 2(09·全国Ⅱ)One of my father’s favorite sayings as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldn’t say I didn’t like 21 , whatever it might be, 22 I tried it. Over the years I’ve come to 23 how much of my success I owe to my 24 of those words as one of my values. My 25 job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I 26 what I want to do as a career（职业）. 27 I believed I would work for a f ew years, get married, stay home and raise a family, so I didn’t think the job I took 28 that much. I couldn’t have been more 29 . I mastered the skills of that beginning level position and I was given the opportunity（机会）to 30 through the company into different 31 . I accepted each new opportunity with the 32 ,”Well, I’ll try it; if I don’t like it I can always go back to my33 position. ” But I was with the same company for the past 28 years, and I’ve34 every career change I’ve made. I’ve discovered I 35 a large number of different talents（才能）and skills that I never would have thought were within me had it not been for my being 36 trying new opportunities. I’ve also discovered that if I 37 what I’m doing and work hard at achieving my 38 . I will succeed. That’s why I’m so 39 to be a part of CareerFables. com. I think 40 has come and I am determined to make it a success.21. A. everything B. something C. everybody D. somebody22. A. until after B. ever since C. so that D. long before23. A. consider B. argue C. include D. realize24. A. suggestion B. explanation C. acceptance D. discussion25. A. hard B. best C. extra D. first26. A. determined B. examined C. experienced D. introduced27. A. Actually B. Gradually C. Finally D. Usually28. A. helped B. required C. expressed D. mattered29. A. careful B. mistaken C. interested D. prepared30. A. look up B. take up C. move up D. put up31. A. situations B. choices C. directions D. positions32. A. thought B. reply C. action D. advice33. A. easier B. newer C. earlier D. higher34. A. permitted B. counted C. organized D. enjoyed35. A. show B. possess C. need D. gather36. A. lucky for B. slow at C. open to D. afraid of37. A. think of B. give away C. believe in D. turn into38. A. business B. goal C. fortune D. growth39. A. excited B. curious C. surprised D. helpful40. A. dream B. time C. power D. honor答案21.B 22.A 23.D 24.C 25.D 26.A 27.A 28.D 29.B 30.C 31.D 32.A 33.C 34.D 35.B 36.C 37.C 38.B 39.A 40.BPassage 3(08·广东)Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain.In particular,there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies(仙女).Not all of these 21 are the friendly,people-loving characters that appear in Disney films,and in some folktales they are 22 and cause much human suffering.This is true in the tales about the Changeling.These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows 23 and pale and has changed so much that it is almost 24 to the parents.It was then 25 that the fairies had come and stolen the baby away and 26 the human baby with a fairy Changeling.There were many ways to prevent this from happening:hanging a knife over the baby’s head while he slept or covering him with some of his father’s clothes were just two of the recommended 27 .However,hope was not lost even if the baby had been 28 .In those cases there was often a way to get the 29 baby back.You could 30 the Changeling on the fire—then it would rise up the chimney,and you would hear the sound of fairies’ laughter and soon after you would find your own child safe and sound nearby.21.A.babies B.believers C.fairies D.supermen22.A.powerful B.cruel C.frightenedD.extraordinary23.A.sick B.slim C.short D.small24.A.uncomfortable B.unbelievableC.unacceptableD.unrecognizable25.A.feared B.predicted C.heard D.reported26.A.covered B.changed C.replaced D.terrified27.A.cases B.tools C.steps D.methods28.A.missed B.stolen C.found D.lost29.A.little B.pale C.sad D.real30.A.seize B.burn C.place D.hold答案21.C 22.B 23.A 24.D 25.A 26.C 27.D 28.B 29.D 30.CPassage 4(08·上海)People think children should play sports.Sports are fun,and children keep healthy while playing with others.However,playing sports can have 50 effects on children.It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children.According to research on kids and sports,40,000,000 kids play sports in the US.Of these,18,000,000 say they have been 51 at or called names while playing sports.This leaves many children with a bad 52 of sports.They think sports are just too aggressive.Many researchers believe adults,especially parents and coaches,are the main 53 of too much aggression in children’s sports.They believe children 54 aggressive adult behavior.This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback.Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them.Often these adults behave aggressively themselves,sending children the message that 55 is everything.Many parents go to children’s sporting events and shout 56 at other players or cheer when their child behaves 57 .As well,children are even taught that hurting other players is 58 or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured. 59 ,the media makes violence seem exciting.Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television.As a society,we really need to 60 this problem and do something about it.Parents and coaches 61 should act as better examples for children.They also need to teach children better 62 .They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively.They should teach children to 63 themselves whether they win or not.Besides,children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured.If adults allow children to play when injured,this gives the message that 64 is not as important as winning.50.A.restrictive B.negative C.activeD.instructive51.A.knocked B.glanced C.smiled D.shouted52.A.impression B.concept C.taste D.expectation53.A.resource B.cause C.courseD.consequence54.A.question B.understand C.copy D.neglect55.A.winning B.practising C.fun D.sport56.A.praises B.orders C.remarks D.insults57.A.proudly B.ambitiously C.aggressivelyD.bravely58.A.acceptable B.impolite C.possible D.accessible59.A.By contrast B.In addition C.As a result D.After all60.A.look up to B.face up to C.make up for e up with61.A.in particular B.in all C.in return D.in advance62.A.techniques B.means C.values D.directions63.A.respect B.relax C.forgive D.enjoy64.A.body B.fame C.health D.spirit答案50.B 51.D 52.A 53.B 54.C 55.A 56.D 57.C 58.A 59.B 60.B 61.A 62.C 63.D 64.CPassage 5(08·福建)The position of children in American family and society is no longer what it used to be.The 36 family in colonial（殖民时期的）North America was mainly concerned with survival and 37 that,its own economic prosperity.Thus,children were 38 in terms of their producitivity（生产能力），and they played the role of producer quite early. 39 they fulfilled this role,their position in the family was one of subordination(附属）.With the 40 of the society,the position of children in the family and in the society became more important.In the complex and technological society 41 the United States has become,each 42 must fulfill a number of personal and occupational 43 and be in contact with many other members. 44 ,viewing children as necessary members of society means that they are 45 more as people in their own right than as those of subordination.This acceptance of children as 46 participants in the family is reflected in various laws 47 the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs.This new 48 of children and the frequent contact between the members of society has also 49 an increasing interest in child-raising techniques.People today spend much time 50 the proper way to 51 children.Nowadays,the socialization of the child in the United States is a 52 transaction（事务）between parent and child 53 a one-way,parent-to-child training 54 .As a consequence,socializing children and 55 with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure,satisfaction,and problems.36.A.poor B.ordinary C.happy D.wealthy37.A.except B.for C.beyond D.through38.A.supported B.received C.encouraged D.valued39.A.Until B.After C.Although D.When40.A.movement B.achievement C.development D.requirement41.A.that B.where C.when D.what42.A.parent B.member C.family D.relative43.A.purposes B.promises C.roles D.tasks44.A.Besides B.However C.Instead D.Therefore45.A.admired B.regarded C.made D.respected46.A.willing B.equal C.similar mon47.A.enjoying B.preventing C.consideringD.protecting48.A.view B.faith C.world D.study49.A.led in B.brought in C.resulted in D.taken in50.A.seeking B.making C.fighting D.working51.A.nurse B.praise C.understand D.raise52.A.one-sided B.many-sided C.round-way D.two-way53.A.more than B.rather than C.better than D.less than54.A.manner B.method C.program D.guide55.A.taking B.living C.playingD.discussing答案36.B 37.C 38.D 39.A 40.C 41.A 42.B 43.C 44.D 45.B 46.B 47.D 48.A 49.C 50.A 51.D 52.D 53.B 54.C 55.BPassage 6(07·山东)Life is filled with challenges. As we get older we 36 realize that those challenges to the very things than 37 us and make us who we are ,it is the same with the challenges that come with 38 .When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two 39 . we can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing 40 the challenge isn’t worth the 41 and call it quits. Although there are certainly 42 when calling it quits it the right thing to do, in most 43 all that is needed is 44 and communicable.When we are communed to something, it means that no matter how 45 or how uncomfortable something is ,we will always choose to 46 it trough instead of running away from it. Communication is making a 47 for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong. 48 you can say to a friend, “I got my feelings hurt.” 49 “You hurt my feelings,” you are going to be able solve the problem much faster.In dealing with many challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for 50 they me: small hurdles you need to jump or 51 on your way through life. Nothing is so big that it is 52 to get over, and hurt only 53 to make us stronger. It s all part of growing up, it 54 to everyone, and some day you will 55 all of this and say, “Hard as it was, it make me who I am today. And that a good thing.” 36．A．seem to B．come to C．hope to D．try to37．A．design B．promote C．direct D．shape38．A．confidence B．pressureC．friendship D．difficulty39．A．opportunities B．expectationsC．choices D．aspects40．A．demanding B．deservingC．predicting D．presenting41．A．comment B．lossC．trouble D．expense42．A．spans B．timesC．dates D．ages43．A．cases B．fieldsC．parts D．occasions44．A．assessment B．commitmentC．encouragement D．adjustment45．A．doubtful B．shamefulC．harmful D．painful46．A．keep B．controlC．face D．catch47．A．space B．planC．topic D．room48．A．If B．AsC．While D．Unless49．A．other than B．rather thanC．or rather D．or else50．A．what B．whoC．where D．which51．A．pass by B．come acrossC．get through D．run over52．A．unnecessary B．necessaryC．impossible D．possible53．A．serves B．meansC．aims D．attempts54．A．opens B．appealsC．goes D．happens55．A．lock down on B．look back onC．look forward to D．look up to答案36.B 37.D 38.C 39.C 40.D 41.C 42.B 43.A 44.B 45.D 46.C 47.A 48.A 49.B 50.A 51.C 52.C 53.A 54.D 55.BPassage 7(06·浙江)One man was to meet his wife downtown and spend some time shopping with her. He waited 21 for 15 minutes. Then he waited impatiently for 15 minutes more. After that, he became 22 .When he saw a photograph 24 in the situation. In a few moments, he was holding four small prints that 25 even him.He wrote his wife’s name on the back of the photos and handed them to a 26 behind the desk in the booth. “ 27 you see a small, dark lady with brown eyes and an apologetic expression . obviously 28 someone, would you please give her this?” he said. He then 29 his office in Morrison Building, 30 thatif a picture is worth a thousand words, then the four photos must be a good 31 ! He sat down with a smile.His wife 32 those pictures. She carries them in her purse now and shows them to anyone who as ks if she is married …How are you with 33 ?One person calls it “wait training.” It seems thatthere is always something we are 34 .We wait on traffic and we wait in lines.We wait to hear about a new job. We wait to complete school. we wait for someoneto change his or her mind.Patience is an important 35 of a happy and rewarding life.36 ,some things are worth waiting for. 37 presents many opportunities for wait training.We can hate waiting, 38 it or even get good at it ! But one thing is 39 —we cannot avoid it. How is your 40 coming along?21．A．proudly B．respectfully C．patiently D．curiously 22．A．angry B．hungry C．frightened D．thirsty23．A．a question B．a reason C．an opinion D．an idea 24．A．serious B．difficult C．regular D．convenient25．A．hurt B．encouraged C．attracted D．shocked26．A．clerk B．secretary C．passer-by D．friend27．A．Since B．Before C．As D．If28．A．looking for B．working for C．sending for D．paying for 29．A．called up B．returned to C．visited D．left30．A．worried B．disappointed C．satisfied D．surprised 31．A．description B．preparation C．excuse D．lecture32．A．tore B．saved C．developed D．destroyed33．A．your wife B．your family C．patience D．determination 34．A．hoping for B．waiting for C．ready for D．fit for35．A．lesson B．experience C．purpose D．quality36．A．For example B．After all C．Right now D．So far37．A．Every age B．Every shop C．Every day D．Every office 38．A．accept B．control C．change D．improve39．A．certain B．interesting C．precious D．easy40．A．photo taking B．job hunting C．decision making D．wait training答案21.C 22.A 23.D 24.B 25.D 26.A 27.D 28.A 29.B 30.C 31.D 32.B33.C 34.B 35.D 36.B 37.C 38.A 39.A 40.DPassage 8(05·湖北)You are near the front line of a battle .Around you shells are exploding ;peopleare shooting from a house behind you .What are you doing there? You aren’t a soldier .You aren’t 36 carrying a gun .You’re standing in front of a 37 and you’re telling the TV 38 what is happening.It’s all in a day’s work for a war reporter ,and it can be very 39 .Inthe first two years of the 40 in former Yugoslavia（前南斯拉夫）,28 reportersand photographers were killed .Hundreds more were 41 .What kind of people put themselves in danger to 42 pictures to our TV screens and 43 to our newspapers? Why do they do it ?“I think it’s every young journalist’s 44 to be a foreign reporter,”says Michael Nicholson, “that’s 45 you find the excitement .So when the first opportunity comes ,you take it 46 it is a war.”But there are moments of 47 . Jeremy Bowen says, “Yes ,when you’re lying on the ground and bullets（子弹）are flying 48 your ears ,you think: ‘What am I doing here? I’m not going to do this again.’ But that feeling 49 after a while and when the next war starts , you’ll be50 .”“None of us believes that we’re going to 51 ,” adds Michael .But he always 52 a lucky charm（护身符）with him .It was given to him by his wife for his first war .It’s a card which says “Take care of yourself.” Does he ever think about dying? “Oh, 53 ,and every time it happens you look to the sky and say to God, ‘If you get me out of this ,I 54 I’ll never do it again.’ You can almost hear God 55 ,because you know he doesn’t believe you .”36．A．simply B．really C．merely D．even37．A．crowd B．house C．battlefield D．camera 38．A．producers B．viewers C．directors D．actors 39．A．dangerous B．exciting C．normal D．disappointing 40．A．stay B．fight C．war D．life41．A．injured B．buried C．defeated D．saved42．A．bring B．show C．take D．make 43．A．scenes B．passages C．stories D．contents 44．A．belief B．dream C．duty D．faith45．A．why B．what C．how D．where46．A．even so B．ever since C．as if D．even if 47．A．fear B．surprise C．shame D．sadness48．A．into B．around C．past D．through 49．A．returns B．goes C．continues D．occurs 50．A．there B．away C．out D．home51．A．leave B．escape C．die D．remain 52．A．hangs B．wears C．holds D．carries 53．A．never B．many times C．some time D．seldom 54．A．consider B．accept C．promise D．guess 55．A．whispering B．laughing C．screaming D．crying答案36.D 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.C 41.A 42.A 43.C 44.B 45.D 46.D 47.A 48.C 49.B 50.A 51.C 52.D 53.B 54.C 55.B第二部分三年联考题汇编Passage 1(山西省康杰中学2009届高三6月模拟)My ears are recently full of joyous remarks from my friends such as, “Oh, Beckham is so handsome, so cool, that I can’t help falling in love with him!” or “What perfect skills he has!” Yeah, I _36_ to some degree, though I sometimes do wantto _37_ them how much they know about Beckham, apart from his _38_ and how much they know about football apart from _39_ goals. It seems funny that we are _40_ for things, with which we are unfamiliar or about which we are _41_, but we all, my friends as well as I, consider this one of life’s _42_ .We need these pleasures to _43_ our lives. But that doesn't _44_ to craziness or nonsense. As an old saying goes: “Don't judge a book by its cover.” We _45_ not judge anything from its appearance. We should all know, it is one’s good _46_ and great contribution that make one a star and unforgettable. Therefore we’d better say _47_ about Beckham’s good looks.If we close our eyes, falling in deep _48_, we can find that the things that move us to be really happy or sad have a _49_ meaning. If we don't go deeper and are just satisfied with _50_ things, sooner or later we will find that we have not really gained anything because our first _51_ has blinded and misled (误导) us, and we’ll remain ignorant _52_ we realize that and make some changes.It is believed that thinking and going deeper than before is a _53_ of great progress. If one day we are willing to go deeper into everything, no matter how much it _54_ us, we will finally prove how much we have _55_ up, how much more sensible, mature, and intelligent we have become.36. A. like B. agree C. hope D. think37. A. ask B. tell C. teach D. doubt38. A. skills B. fame C. team D. appearance39. A. kicking B. hitting C. scoring D. controlling40. A. thankful B. crazy C. curious D. anxious41. A. uncertain B. unhappy C. displeased D. careful42. A. aims B. qualities C. pleasures D. truths43. A. keep up B. brighten up C. find out D. bring about44. A. come B. increase C. amount D. rise45. A. dared B. would C. could D.should46. A. thinking B. character C. looks D. ability47. A. more B. something C. less D. nothing48. A. love B. sleep C. sence D. thought49. A. clear B. puzzling C. moving D. valuable50. A. material B. deep C. surface D. pleasant51. A. conclusion B. experience C. lesson D. impression52. A. since B. although C. unless D. before53. A. sign B. cause C. value D. willingness54. A. worries B. pains C. satisfies D. offers55. A.given B. sent C. built D. grown答案36.B 37.A 38.D 39.C 40.B 41.A 42.C 43.B 44.C 45.D 46.B 47.C 48.D 49.A 50.C 51.D 52.C 53.A 54.B 55.DPassage 2(陕西省师大附中2009届高三第四次模拟考试)When we read books we seem to enter a new world. This new world can be similar to the one we are living in, or it can be very __2 1__. Some stories aretold __22__ they were true. Real people who live in a __23__ world do real things; in other words, the stories are about people just like us doing what we do. Other stories, such as the Harry Potter books, are not __24__ . They are characters and creatures that are very different from us and do things that would be __25__ for us.But there is more to books and writing than this. If we think about it, even realistic writing is only __26__. How can we tell the difference between what is real and what is not real? For example, when we read about HarryPotter ,we __27__ seem to learn something about the real world. And when Harry studies magic at Hogwarts, he also learns more about his real life than __28__. Reading, like writing, is an action. It is a way of __ 29__. When we read or write something ,we do much more than simple look at words on a page. We useour __30__--which is real—and our imagination—which is real in a different way --- to make the words come to life in our minds.Both realism and fantasy(幻想) __ 31__ the imagination and the “magic” of reading and writing to make us think. When we read __32__ realistic, we have to imagine that the people we are reading about are just like us, even thoughwe __33__ that we are real and they are __34__. It sounds __35__ , but it works. When we read, we fill in missing information and __36__ about the causes and effects of what a character does. We help the writer by __37__ that what we read is like real life. In a way, we are writing the book, too.Most of us probably don’t think about what is going on in our__38__ when we are reading. We pick up a book and lose __39__ in a good story, eager to find out what will happen next. Knowing how we feel __40__ we read can help us become better readers, and it will help us discover more about the real magic of books.21. A. different B. possible C. easy D. new22. A. as if B. that C. what D. whether23. A. common B. usual C. normal D. certain24. A. instructive B. realistic C. reasonable D. moral25. A. necessary B. difficult C. impossible D.important26. A. planned B. thinkable C. designed D. imagined27. A. are B. do C. make D. have28. A. magic B. lessons C. dreams D. experience29. A. understanding B. working C. thinking D. living30. A. grammar B. knowledge C. skill D. words31. A. have B. make C. get D. use32. A. a story B. a newspaper C. something D. everything33. A. hope B. find C. learn D. know34. A. so B. too C. not D. all35. A. terrible B. dangerous C. serious D. strange36. A. think B. talk C. learn D. read37. A. guessing B. telling C. pretending D. promising38. A. society B. mind C. life D. world39. A. ourselves B. heart C. time D. money40. A. why B. what C. how D. when答案21.A 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.C 26.D 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.B 31.D 32.C 33.D 34.C 35.D 36.A 37.C 38.B 39.A 40.DPassage 3(浙江省宁波效实中学2009届高三5月模拟考试)Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further．The 21 you go about purchasing all item or a service can actually 22 you money or can add 23 the cost．Take the 24 example of a hairdryer．If you are buying a hairdryer, you might 25 you are making the 26 buy if you choose one 27 look you like and which is also the cheapest 28 price．But when you get it home you may find that it 29 twice as long as a more expensive 30 to dry your hair．The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well 31 your hairdryer the most expensive one of all．So what principles should you 32 when you go out shopping?If you 33 your home，your car or any valuable 34 in excellent condition，you’ll be saving money in the long 35 ．Before you buy a new 36 ，talk to someone who owns one．If you can，use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular 37 ． Before you buy an expensive 38 ，or a service，do check the price and 39 is on offer．If possible，choose 40 three items or three estimates．21．A．form B．way C．method D．fashion22．A．raise B．remain C．save D．preserve23．A．to B．on C．up D．in24．A．single B．simple C．easy D．similar25．A．convince B．examine C．accept D．think26．A．best B．most C．proper D．reasonable27．A．which B．whose C．its D．what28．A．on B．for C．in D．with29．A．spends B．lasts C．consumes D．takes30．A．example B．copy C．model D．sample31．A．make B．cause C．leave D．prove32．A．lay B．stick C．adopt D．adapt33．A．keep B．store C．reserve D．decorate34．A．products B．material C．ownership D．possession35．A．moment B．period C．run D．time36．A．equipment B．appliance C．furniture D．aid37．A．goal B．task C．function D．purpose38．A。

2023高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题讲和练——议论文(含解析)

2023高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解专题议论文议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。

文章通常由论点、论据、论证三部分构成，作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非等方法，来论证某种观点正确与否，肯定或否定某种主张。

一、考情分析议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。

从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。

考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。

二、文体特点与阅读策略1. 语言与结构特点议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。

议论文通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题（引论）—分析问题（本论）—解决问题（结论）”。

由此可见，要理解议论文有两个关键点：一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证；二是要理清其基本结构——三段论式结构。

2. 答题误区议论文阅读理解题易错点往往在于事实与观点的区分以及观点本身。

解题时，一要弄清哪些是引述的事实，哪些是作者的观点以及引述的不同人物的观点；二要弄清作者真正的观点是什么，既要考虑全文，又要重视结论部分，谨防将文章中引述的他人的观点和作者的观点混为一谈。

3. 阅读策略在阅读解题时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读全文，再区分事实和观点。

通常来说，议论文会采用三段论式结构。

首段会通过一个故事或对某种现象的描述来引入话题，明确论点；接下来是文章的主体部分，会用两个或两个以上的段落引用事实和理论论据进行论证，常用的论证方法有举例、引用和对比，这一部分要注意作者选用的论据，它们往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应，同时还要留意论证的方法；文章的最后一段是结论部分，要弄清作者最后得出了什么结论。

在通读全文并了解文章的结构和内容后再阅读试题，到文章中去找相对应的信息，比如事实、观点、作者真正的意图和结论等。

三、实战演练【原创试题（一）】For some school children, PE is the best lesson of the week — a chance to leave the desk behind, get outside, and enjoy a run around with friends. For others, it is a frequently miserable experience — a time when they feel embarrassed, and may even experience physical pain.The idea of competitive sport was a clear source of argument. Those who were good at it did not want those less able to “get in the way”, while those less skilled felt an noyed for being made to compete. They also felt less “liked” by their PE teachers and theirmore sporty classmates.Research demonstrates that a change in emphasis away from competitive sport and a move away to prioritizing participation over excellence can dramatically increase the confidence and participation rates of those less skilled — because it really is the taking part that matters. If schools value taking part above winning against other schools, the nature of PE changes.As one pupil commented: “I have actually joined the football team now because all the violence has gone. Before it was, ‘You made us lose the game ... it’s all your fault.’ With the new approach, it is more like we are all in there just trying to get better. No one is to blame. Now it is worth doing.”To those who argue we need competitive sport to “build character”, I would point out that there is quite simply no evidence to support this view. But what we can build when we allow young people to work together in a spirit of support and cooperation is leadership and mutual understanding.If we need competitive sport to build our national teams, this should happen out of school. PE is about the participation of all —not the excellence of a few.At home, the most important thing a parent can do for a child who struggles with PE is to take their concerns seriously. Beingphysically active is extremely important for children and young people, so how, when, and at what level they do it should be primarily their choice.1. What does the author consider the most important in PE lessonsA. The rules of teachers.B. The available sports activities.C. The spirit of winning over others.D. The participation of students.2. Why does the author mention the comment of one pupilA. To support his argument.B. To praise the boy’s behavior.C. To explain the new approach.D. To prove the violence of football.3. What does the author think competitive sports fail to buildA. Leadership.B. Character.C. Cooperation.D. Mutual understanding.4. How should parents help children who struggle with PEA. By making a schedule for them.B. By giving them psychological counseling.C. By letting them choose what to do.D. By encouraging them to be the most excellent.【原创试题（二）】I once biked to my workplace. Having enjoyed a relatively uneventful seven miles or so on a car-free greenway, I was forced to finish my journey on busy, six-lane roads with rarely a bike lane, let alone a protected bike lane, in sight. I locked my bike to the always-empty bike rack (架子) outside and grabbed my morning coffee, already nervous about the afternoon journey home.I think about this experience a lot, especially when I come across pro-bike or anti-car dialogue on my social media channels. On the one hand, I see activists and advocates rightly pointing out the terrible and too often deadly state of our roads. Whether it’s a lack of protective bike lanes or poorly designed bike parking,car-centric road layouts, or inconsistent enforcement of speed limits, we are not short of dangers that need to be dealt with. After all, these are structural challenges that ensure that biking remains a minority pastime for the brave-at-heart. No argument here.Yet I also see bike advocates criticizing those around them for not biking or walking, or for choosing to drive instead. Sometimes it’s simply a remark like, “You aren’t stuck in traffic; you are traffic. But sometimes it’s a more barbed (挖苦的) attack on “lazy” parents in the school drop-off line or “greedy” car drivers who choose an SUV.I’ve even seen one tweet suggesting it should be illegal to drive your kids to school. Here’s the thing, though: If we’re going to point out the dangerous state of our roads, and the government’s lack of will to invest in alternatives, then we might want to recogni ze that it’s not exactly illogical for some of us to choose to drive.And sure, once you do have a city where biking is easy, safe, and accessible, there might be some room for shaming those who refuse to give up their tanks, even though they could. Until that day, however, I wish that all of us would get better at thinking cleverly about where we spend our time and energy.1. How did the author feel after riding to workA. Regretful.B. Happy.C. Energetic.D. Angry.2. About which do most people agree with each otherA. The bike-centric road design.B. The dangerous state of the roads.C. The reasonable speed limits.D. The pleasure for the majority of bike lovers.3. What is implied in the third paragraphA. Biking or walking is safer than driving.B. Some kids are driven to school illegally.C. Car drivers are often blamed for driving.D. An SUV can provide better crash protection.4. What’s the author’s attitude towards shaming car driversA. Objective.B. Tolerant.C. Approving.D. Negative.【真题链接：2022新高考I卷】Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral g rain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away —from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were acountry, it would be the third largest producer of greenhousegas es in the world.”If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time —but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat.” Curtin says.24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula storyA. We pay little attention to food waste.B. We waste food unintentionally at times.C. We waste more vegetables than meat.D. We have good reasons for wasting food.25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the textA. Moral decline.B. Environmental harm.C. Energy shortage.D. Worldwide starvation.26. What does Curtin’s company doA. It produces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.27. What does Curtin suggest people doA. Buy only what is needed.B. Reduce food consumption.C. Go shopping once a week.D. Eat in restaurants less often.【真题链接：2022全国甲卷】Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went out separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.“How do you mean ” I asked.“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.32. What is the first paragraph mainly aboutA. Sydney’s striking architecture.B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.C. The key to Sydney’s development.D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.33. What can we learn about Andrew ReynoldsA. He goes to work by boat.B. He looks forward to a new life.C. He pilots catamarans well.D. He is attached to the old ferries.34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of SydneyA. It is losing its traditions.B. It should speed up its progress.C. It should expand its population.D. It is becoming more international.35. Which statement will the author probably agree withA. A city can be young and old at the same time.B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.C. Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign. 参考答案：【原创试题（一）】本文是一篇议论文。

冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解第三模块议论文类(解析卷)

冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解第三模块：议论文类Passage 1（2021·浙江高三月考）To many people, honey bees symbolize development, sustainability (可持续性) and environmentalism. But as a honey bee researcher, I have to tell you that only the first item on that list is reasonable. Although they are important for agriculture, honey bees also damage natural ecosystems by competing with native bees — some of which are species at risk.The rise in honey beekeeping, now a popular activity for hundreds of thousands of Americans, followed strong awareness campaigns to “save the bees.” But as a species, honey bees are least in need of saving. Media attention unfairly covers them over native bees, and vague messaging has led many citizens — myself once included — to believe they are doing a good thing for the environment by putting on a beekeeper’s veil. Unfortunately, they are probably doing more harm than good.“Beekeeping is for people; it’s not a conservation practice,” says Sheila Colla, an assistant professor and conservation biologist at Toronto’s York University, Canada. “People mistakenly think keeping honey bees, or helping honey bees, is somehow helping the native bees, which are at risk of extinction.” She is frustrated the ones in more neon on saving honey bees when, from a conservationist’s point of view, native bees are the ones in more need of support.For some reason, maybe because they are small, honey bees are not generally viewed as the massively distributed livestock animal that they are. There are millions of honey bee colonies in North America, 2.8 million of which are in the U.S. Approximating around 30,000 bees per colony (the size of a pollination unit), that’s roughly a billion honey bees in Canada and the U.S. alone — almost triple the number of people. High densities of honey bee colonies increase competition between native bees, putting even more pressure on the wild species that are already in decline.I used to believe that honey bees were a gateway species, and that concern over their health and development would spill over onto native bees, benefitting them, too. While this may have happened in some cases, evidence is increasing that misguided enthusiasm for honey bees has likely been to the native bees’ damage. Beekeepingdoesn’t make me feel good, anymore. In fact, quite the opposite.1．What makes bee keeping gain great popularity among Americans?A．Several campaigns have been launched to advocate bee saving.B．Citizens believe native bees are no longer in need of protection.C．Little importance are attached to protecting the environment.D．Citizens hope to make a fortune from the bee keeping business.2．What is the Colla’s possible attitude towards the beekeeping?A．Objective.B．Unfavorable.C．Supportive.D．Neutral.3．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．The author’s attitude towards the beekeeping has changed.B．People’s enthusiasm for keeping honey bees is increasing.C．In some cases evidence has proved honey bees are in danger.D．Keeping native bees is of great benefit to people’s health.【分析】这是一篇议论文。

高三英语阅读理解专题三议论文带答案

高三英语阅读理解专题三------议论文1A．How to Get People to V olunteer B．How to Study V olunteer BehaviorsC．How to Keep V olunteers' Interest文体特点：D．How to Organize V olunteer Activities分析：首先，根据题干可以确定此题为主旨大意题。

文章首段就表明了大意。

首段末句说到两个，我认为……写法一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方）方面：为什么人们从事志愿工作，是什么让他们将从事这项工作的兴趣保持下去。

写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题写法三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。

A项内容包含了这两方面内容，故选A项。

这是高考中常考的体裁，内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。

在这类体裁的文章C项只是文章后半部分的大意，无法涵盖本文的主题。

B中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。

此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多，这、D两项只是文章的细节。

体验高考：也是得分比较难的题型。

在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从A而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。

（2015全国卷1）Conflict is on the menu tonight at the caféLa Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, 解题方法：psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France's favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking 把握文章的论点、论据和论证。

此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。

1.cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn't always easy. The 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点；或在一些例子之后，总要抒发2. customers-some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session are quick to 一些议论。

2019高考英语三轮冲刺大题提分大题精做3阅读理解议论文含答案解析

阅读理解议论文A【2018·全国II】We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find y ourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop e xperience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.1. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.2. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.3. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.4. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence【答案】1-4 CBDC【解析】这是一篇议论文。

高考英语专题冲刺专题阅读理解之议论文含解析

专题卷四阅读理解之议论文1.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。

When I was young, my mother didn't have the money to send me to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with education. So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself. But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning.We need every one of you to develop your talents and your skills so that you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems. If you quit on school—you're not just quitting on yourself, you're quitting on your country. No one's written your destiny（命运）for you, because you write your own destiny. You make your own future. That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education and do everything you can to meet them. Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending some time reading a book.But whatever you decide to do, I want you to commit to it. I want you to really work at it. I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work—that your ticket to success is through rapping or basketball or being a reality TV star. No one's born being good at all things. You become good at things through hard work. You're not a good athlete the first time you play a new sport. You don't hit every note the first time you sing a song. You've got to practi ce.1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?A．The writer's home was very rich.B．The writer's mother was a teacher.C．The writer was born in a poor family.D．The writer didn't like reading books.2.What does the writer want everyone to do by improving their talents and skills? A．To quit on their country to earn more money.B．To offer help to the old people who have difficulties.C．To write their own new destiny by working as TV star.D．To spend some time writing books about their own life.3.Why does the writer call on everyone to set his/her own goal?A．Because everyone's future is determined by themselves.B．Because everyone's future is to do simple work.C．Because everyone should do their homework.D．Because everyone should pay attention in class.4.How can people realize their great dream?A．By rapping.B．By playing basketball.C．By being a reality star.D．By working hard.【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D2.B细节理解题。

高中英语阅读题及答案——议论文专练(含答案)

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

.高三英语阅读理解专题三------议论文1文体特点：写法一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为……写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题写法三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。

这是高考中常考的体裁，内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。

在这类体裁的文章中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。

此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多，这也是得分比较难的题型。

在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。

解题方法：1.把握文章的论点、论据和论证。

此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。

2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点；或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。

考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。

3. 推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。

推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。

考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。

主旨大意题解题方法：一、题型解读及思维导向：主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。

通常以概括文章或段落大意以及选择标题等形式出现。

主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题，能够拉开考生的分数差距，所以此类题目在高考试题中具有很好的选拔作用，属于能力型题目。

主旨大意题一般分为三类，即标题归纳类、文章大意类和段落大意类。

二、命题区间及读文关注点1．文首、段首、段尾句：一般来说，阅读文章中第一段首句往往是强开弱收型文章中心思想的表达处；第二段首句或第一段尾句往往是转开弱收型文章的主题句所在；而有时每段的段首句、段尾句是该段的段落主题句。

因此，解答主旨大意题时要对这些地方多加关注。

2．转折信息点处：尤其是段首的语义转折处，常是考点。

因为转折后面的内容往往是作者真实的基本观点或写作目的，而这又是文章中心思想的所在。

3．因果结论信息点处：因果结论句也可以表现出作者的写作目的、观点或文章的主题，因此要特别关注。

表示因果关系的常用词汇有：reason, because, since, for, as, therefore, consequently, result in, due to, based on等，有时作者也通过先提出问题(why ...)而后给予回答的方式阐释文章主题。

4．文尾结论句：弱开强收型文章有明确的全文结论句，作者在文尾给出文章鲜明的观点和主题，因此这类文章的文尾是我们把握文章主题的必读之处。

主旨大意题正确选项的特征：(1)涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。

(2)确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。

(3)精确性强，能恰当地表达原文的主题和中心思想。

主旨大意题干扰选项的特征(1)覆盖面太大、太笼统，大大超出了短文论述的范围。

(2)覆盖面偏窄，在内容上只涉及短文的某一部分或若干要点；仅为短文的某一要点甚至某一细节，即以偏概全。

(3)与短文有部分交集，但偏离文章或段落主题，有重叠但不重合。

[示例](2015·江苏高考阅读C)Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.64．What is the best title of the passage? A．How to Get People to Volunteer B．How to Study Volunteer BehaviorsC．How to Keep Volunteers’ Interest D．How to Organize Volunteer Activities分析：首先，根据题干可以确定此题为主旨大意题。

文章首段就表明了大意。

首段末句说到两个方面：为什么人们从事志愿工作，是什么让他们将从事这项工作的兴趣保持下去。

A项内容包含了这两方面内容，故选A项。

C项只是文章后半部分的大意，无法涵盖本文的主题。

B、D两项只是文章的细节。

体验高考：A（2015全国卷1）Conflict is on the menu tonight at the caféLa Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. The customers-some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,”Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology caféis about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle-longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire t o spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.The city’s psychology cafes, which offer great comfort,are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about lover, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehance’s group just to learn to say what they feel. There’s a strong need in Paris for communication, says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes would’t exist”, she says,”If life weren’t a battle, people wouln’t need a special place just to speak.” But then, it wouldn’t be France.1. What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?A. Learn a new subjectB. Keep in touch with friends.C. Show off their knowledge.D. Express their true feelings.2. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?A. They are less frequently visited.B. They stay open for longer hours.C. They have bigger night crowds.D. They start to serve fast food.3. What are theme cafes expected to do?A. Create more jobs.B. Supply better drinks.C. Save the cafe business.D. Serve the neighborhood.4. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?A. They bring people true friendship.B. They give people spiritual support.C. They help people realize their dreams.D. They offer a platform for business links.实战演练：BThe question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts(文科) in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition(命题)，although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM（science, technology, engineering, maths）-related fields can make it seem that way.The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also states firmly that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate.effectively in our democratic society, become creative leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem．“Major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today w ill be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight—picked up from science, arts, and technology—to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.5. What does the latest congressional report suggest?A. STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.B. Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.C. The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.D. The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.6. What kind of job applicants do employers look for?A. Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.B. Those who are good at solving practical problems.C. Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.D. Those who have received an all-round education.7. What advice does the author give to college students?A. Seize opportunities to explore their potential.B. Try to take a variety of practical courses.C. Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems.D. catch as many chances as possible to change their jobs.CNot all towns are desperate to attract young peopleNationally, an ageing population is a problem. But locally it can be a boon. The over-50s control 80% of Britain's wealth, and like to spend it on houses and high-street shopping. The young “generation rent”, by contrast, is poor, distractible and liabl e to shop online.People aged between 50 and 74 spend twice as much as the under-30s on cinema tickets. Between 2000 and 2010 restaurant spending by those aged 65-74 increased by 33%, while the under-30s spent 18% less. The pension pots liberated by George Osborne's budget earlier this year will likely pour into property. And while the young still struggle to find work, older people are retiring later. During the financial crisis full-time employment fell for every age group but the over-65s, and there has been a rash of older entrepreneurs. Pensioners also support the working population by volunteering: some 100 retirees help out as business mentors(顾问).Even if they wanted to, most small towns and cities could not capture the cool kids. Mobile young professionals cluster(聚集), and greatly prefer to cluster in London. Even supposed meccas (圣地) like Manchester are ageing: clubs in that city are becoming members-only, and there are an increasing number of places, as one resident puts it, that “a 19-year-old wouldn't be seen dead in”. Towns that aim too young, like Bracknell and Chippenham, can find their high streets full of closed shops. Outside Britain's capital, high concentrations of youth are commonly tied to high unemployment rates.Companies often lag behind local authorities in working this out. They are London-obsessed, and have been slow to appreciate the growing economic heft of the old—who are assumed, often wrongly, to stick with products they learned to love in their youth. But Caroyln Freeman of Revelation Marketing thinks Britain could be on the verge of a marketing surge(激增) directed at the grey pound, “similar to what we saw with the pink”. The window will not remain open forever: soon the baby boomers ( people born during a period when a lot of babies were born , especially in the 1950s) are ageing, and no one else alive today is likely to have such a rich retirement.Meanwhile, with the over-50s holding the purse strings, the towns that draw them are likely to grow more and more pleasant. The lord mayor of Manchester, Sue Cooley, notes that decent restaurants and nice shops spring up in the favoured places of the old. Latimer House, a furniture store full of retro (复古) clothing would not look out of place in Hackney.8. By 'But locally it can be a boon", the author means ______ .A. the ageing population is contributing to the weak British economyB. the ageing population is having a strong effect on the youngC. some towns are benefiting a lot from the ageing populationD. old people control most of Britain's wealth9. What can be learnt from Paragraph 2?A. Job-hunting for the young is difficult because of the liberated pension potsB. Both the old and the young enjoy watching films at a cinema.C. The financial crisis had little effect on over-65s employees.D. Pensioners are trying hard to help young people find jobs.10. Why is Manchester referred to as a 'supposed Meccas"?A. Because it has a high unemployment rate.B. Because it is assumed to attract many young people.C. Because young employees used to gather around there.D. Because its members-only clubs attract few young people.11. It can be inferred from the passage that ______ .A. old wealthy retirees prefer living in towns to living in citiesB a lively market aiming at baby boomers is waiting to be developedC. old people tend to stick with what they loved while they were youngD. companies in big cities are trying their best to attract old people's attentionDDo you ever “back door brag” about being a perfectionist? _______A________Unlike other obsessions (痴迷) and addictions, perfectionism is something a lot of people celebrate, believing it’s wealth. But true perfectionism can actually get in the way of productivity and happiness._______B________Taken to the extreme, perfectionism becomes a disorder. Burns shares the wild example of an attorney who became obsessed with getting his hair “just right.” He spent hours in front of the mirror with his scissors and comb making adjustments until his hair was just an eighth of an inch long. Then he became obsessed with getting his hairline exactly right and he shaved it a little more every day until his hair receded back so far he was bald. He would then wait for his hair to grow back and the pattern continued again. Eventually his desire to have the perfect hair led him to cut back on his legal practice in order to continue his obsession.This is an extreme example to be sure, but there are less severe ways in which our own perfectionism leads us to major in minor activities? Have you ever obsessed over a report when your boss said it was already plenty good enough? Have you ever lost an object of little importance but just had to keep looking for it? Do colleagues often tell you, “Just let it go”?Aiming for “perfect” instead of “good enough” can seriously backfire. This happened to me recently when I was asked to teach a workshop to the leaders of a prominent technology company. I took the time to understand their needs and personalize the materials to their specifications. And I already had materials I had taught scores of times with great results to pull from. But my obsession for making it perfect led me to scrap all of that the night before, and as a result I was unprepared and exhausted. I felt jumbled and my slides distracted from the main message. If I had shot for average instead of perfect, I would have been able to focus more on the client in the moment and things would have turned out very differently._________C_______.Overachievers have such high expectations of themselves that their “average” might be a nother person’s “really good.” So instead of pushing yourself to give 100% (or 110%, whatever that means) you can go for giving 75% or 50% of what you usually might offer. This idea is captured clearly by the mantra, “Done is better than perfect” — which Facebook has plastered (涂抹)all over the walls of their Menlo Park headquarters. That’s not to excuse shoddy work. Rather, the idea is to give engineers permission to complete cycles of work and learn quickly instead of being held hostage （人质）by an unattainable sense of perfection.The word “perfect” has a Latin root; literally, it means “made well” or “done thoroughly.” Another translation would be “complete.” And yet today, we use it to mean flawless. If you must pursue perfection, at least use the former definition rather than the latter(unattainable).If you are a perfectionist, overachiever or workaholic you are probably used to taking on big challenges. The nature of the obsession makes it easy to do what is hard. Paradoxically（反常地）, it may be harder at first to try to be average.To understand why, we need to understand the role of fear in perfectionism: “If I don’t perfectly……. something terrible will happen.” Often perfectionists are so used to this anxiety that they no longe r even consciously recognize it; it’s just the fuel that keeps them working and perfecting their skills.While the logic may be totally false, the emotion is absolutely real. As a result, it takes greater courage for a perfectionist to try to be average than to tackle almost any other challenge. Being average scares them, so they haven’t experienced the benefits of being average.Here’s how Burns put it: “There are two doors to enlightenment. One is marked, ‘Perfection’ and the other is marked, ‘Average.’ The ‘Perfection’ door is fancy and attractive . So you try to go through the ‘Perfection’ door and always discover a brick wall on the other side. On the other side of the ‘Average’ door, in contrast, there’s a magic garden. But it may have never occurred t o you to open the door to take a look.” As he wrote in a recent entry on his blog, “Much of our suffering derives from our perfectionism, and our belief that we should be ‘special.’ But when you don’t have to be special, life becomes special. This may be w hat the Buddha was referring to when he talked about ‘the Great Death’.”_______D________If you think you are the type of person who takes on hard assignments with ease, you might try to do something really hard: try being average for one day. What you find might surprise you.12. According to the passage. some people make great efforts to be over-achievers_________.A. because of their inner fearB. because of the pressure from their parentsC. because they have been looked down upon beforeD. because they focus on the realization of self-worth13. How does the author support his or her argument?a. By offering a typical example.b. By making comparisons.c. By providing classificationsd. By comparing opinions.A. acB. abC. bc D bd14. What's the passage mainly about ?A. Perfectionism has its advantages and disadvantages.B. Many people can't stand the slightest flaw in their work.C. We can reduce stress by avoiding perfectionism and self-criticism.D. Perfectionism can be a disadvantage when you are trying to succeed.15. Where can the following sentence be put ?This left me wondering: what if trying to be average could actually accelerate your success?16. What is the meaning of the underlined word “capture” ?A. controlB. expressC. catchD. arrestEWe have a real crisis in this country in the basic understanding of science. It affects our global competitiveness as a country, our national security, and the effectiveness of our social system. The misunderstanding about science is blinding our eyes.We know that an awful lot of teachers who are teaching science today have not been properly empowered to do so. School frequently is n’t testing whether you understand something but whether you’re familiar with it. What’s Newton’s second law? You say F=ma, and you get an A. That does not reflect a deep understanding of Newtonian mechanics. Science education is not just a body of fac ts; it’s a process. To present it with appeal and excitement you need to picture it as a detective story—asking questions, making observations, and collecting evidence. You test and you fail but, you know, failure can lead to discovery.Another challe nge we face is that science is often viewed as too hard, for experts only. But I don’t actually think it’s that difficult. People see science every day. They look outside and see weather and nature. They push a button in their house and the lights go on. E verybody’s dealing with science every day. They just don’t call it that. And it’s important they do. In fact, science is determining the quality and outcomes of their life.Science needs creativity. And one of the best ways to be creative is to think “out of the box”. However, we need more courage when we come to practice. Take me for example. Very early in my teens I decided to educate myself. I realized I would never be a very good student because I didn’t like teachers judging me by what I thought were arbitrary (主观臆断的) standards. I decided I’d let the world judge me by whether I could do something of value—solve a problem or build something. That’s why I quit school early and risked everything to start a company. I risked everything I had because I had nothing to lose. I’d rather fail at trying to do something really big than succeed at being medium.“When’s the right age to think creatively?” you may ask. I’d say in the womb (母腹)! Kids don’t have anxieties about trying to avoid failure. They are full of imagination and much more willing to fail. Just watch a 3-year-old. They touch everything, and if it hurts they don’t touch it again. They learn everything at a breathtaking rate. Start to think out of the box as early as you can, because it’s more li kely to take you to places that you can’t predict, schedule and budget for. Do all that when you can bear the insecurity.17. The author believes that they actually have a problem in________.A. the understanding of scienceB. the security of his nationC. the global competitivenessD. the present social system18. According to the passage, science teachers should ________.A. train students’ memory for right factsB. focus more on the learning processC. present interesting detective storiesD. abandon frequent science examinations19. Paragraph 3 indicates that _______.A. science is intended for experts onlyB. it’s important to see weather and natureC. people can determine the quality of lifeD. we should realize science is around us20. The author takes his own example to say ________.A. school education may do little good to studentsB. teachers sometimes judge their students unfairlyC. people need to take an unusual path to be creativeD. failure at a big thing is better than a small success21. What’s the tone of the passage?A. Questioning.B. Encouraging.C. Praising.D. Complaining.解题感悟：____________________________________________________________________________ 阅读积累：underline the words and phrases in the passages and try to get the meaning of them.Ａ：fall victim to changes catch onＤ：become obsessed with突破长难句：１．A ca fé society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French.（Ａ）２．“If people had normal lives, these cafes would’t exist”, she says,”If life weren’t a battle, people wouln’t need a special place just to speak.” But then, it wouldn’t be France.（Ａ）３．The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts(文科) in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition(命题)，although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM（science, technology, engineering, maths）-related fields can make it seem that.way. （Ｂ）４．The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also states firmly that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels.（Ｂ）５．“Major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” ofte n, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run.（Ｂ）６．The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight—picked up from science, arts, and technology—to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States. （Ｂ）７．They are London-obsessed, and have been slow to appreciate the growing economic heft of the old—who are assumed, often wrongly, to stick with products they learned to love in their youth.（Ｃ）８．If I had shot for average instead of perfect, I would have been able to focus more on the client in the moment and things would have turned out very differently.（Ｄ）９．Here’s how Burns put it: “There are two doors to enlightenment. One is marked, ‘Perfection’ and the other is marked, ‘Average.’ The ‘Perfection’ door is fancy and attractive . So you try to go through the ‘Perfection’ door and always discover a brick wall on the other side. On the other side of the ‘Average’ door, in contrast, th ere’s a magic garden. But it may have never occurred to you to open the door to take a look.” （Ｄ）高三英语阅读理解专题三----议论文2如何破解长难句一句话：“去掉定状补，只留主加谓”。

高三英语阅读理解专题三---议论文带答案

2019高考英语全国III卷阅读理解(带解析)

高考英语专项复习《阅读理解议论文》高考真题汇总

2021届高三新题速递英语11月刊新高考3 阅读理解议论文及夹叙夹议文(解析版)

超实用高考英语复习：短文类03(正反观点型,利弊对比型,解决问题型)(原卷版)

高考英语阅读理解-议论文5篇真题训练

高考阅读体裁篇之议论文 (真题+各地名校试题)--备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破(练习版)

全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文

高中英语阅读题及答案——议论文专练(含答案)

高考英语复习32：议论文类阅读理解

2025届高考英语专项复习 阅读理解议论文 2020-2024高考真题专练(原卷版+解析版)

2021届高考英语重难热点专练04阅读理解之议论文(解析版)

高考英语复习题：课时16 阅读理解体裁解读3 议论文 Word版含答案

高三英语英语专题练习阅读《议论文》

2023高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题讲和练——议论文(含解析)

冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解第三模块 议论文类(解析卷)

高三英语阅读理解专题三 议论文带答案

2019高考英语三轮冲刺大题提分大题精做3阅读理解议论文 含答案解析

高考英语专题冲刺专题阅读理解之议论文含解析

高中英语阅读题及答案——议论文专练(含答案)

2025届高考英语专项复习阅读理解议论文 2020-2024高考真题专练(原卷版+解析版)

冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解第三模块议论文类(解析卷)

高三英语阅读理解专题三议论文带答案

2019高考英语三轮冲刺大题提分大题精做3阅读理解议论文含答案解析