高三英语阅读理解专题三---议论文带答案

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高三英语阅读理解专题三------议论文1

文体特点：

写法一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为……

写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题写法三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。

这是高考中常考的体裁，内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。在这类体裁的文章中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多，这也是得分比较难的题型。在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。

解题方法：

1.把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。

2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点；或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。

3. 推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。

主旨大意题解题方法：

一、题型解读及思维导向：主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。通常以概括文章或段落大意以及选择标题等形式出现。主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题，能够拉开考生的分数差距，所以此类题目在高考试题中具有很好的选拔作用，属于能力型题目。

主旨大意题一般分为三类，即标题归纳类、文章大意类和段落大意类。

二、命题区间及读文关注点

1．文首、段首、段尾句：一般来说，阅读文章中第一段首句往往是强开弱收型文章中心思想的表达处；第二段首句或第一段尾句往往是转开弱收型文章的主题句所在；而有时每段的段首句、段尾句是该段的段落主题句。因此，解答主旨大意题时要对这些地方多加关注。

2．转折信息点处：尤其是段首的语义转折处，常是考点。因为转折后面的内容往往是作者真实的基本观点或写作目的，而这又是文章中心思想的所在。

3．因果结论信息点处：因果结论句也可以表现出作者的写作目的、观点或文章的主题，因此要特别关注。表示因果关系的常用词汇有：reason, because, since, for, as, therefore, consequently, result in, due to, based on等，有时作者也通过先提出问题(why ...)而后给予回答的方式阐释文章主题。4．文尾结论句：弱开强收型文章有明确的全文结论句，作者在文尾给出文章鲜明的观点和主题，因此这类文章的文尾是我们把握文章主题的必读之处。

主旨大意题正确选项的特征：(1)涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。

(2)确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。

(3)精确性强，能恰当地表达原文的主题和中心思想。

主旨大意题干扰选项的特征

(1)覆盖面太大、太笼统，大大超出了短文论述的范围。

(2)覆盖面偏窄，在内容上只涉及短文的某一部分或若干要点；仅为短文的某一要点甚至某一细节，即以偏概全。

(3)与短文有部分交集，但偏离文章或段落主题，有重叠但不重合。

[示例](2015·江苏高考阅读C)Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.

64．What is the best title of the passage? A．How to Get People to Volunteer B．How to Study Volunteer Behaviors

C．How to Keep Volunteers’ Interest D．How to Organize Volunteer Activities

分析：首先，根据题干可以确定此题为主旨大意题。文章首段就表明了大意。首段末句说到两个方面：为什么人们从事志愿工作，是什么让他们将从事这项工作的兴趣保持下去。

A项内容包含了这两方面内容，故选A项。C项只是文章后半部分的大意，无法涵盖本文的主题。

B、D两项只是文章的细节。

体验高考：

A（2015全国卷1）

Conflict is on the menu tonight at the caféLa Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. The customers-some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,”Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”

A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology caféis about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle-longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire t o spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.

The city’s psychology cafes, which offer great comfort,are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about lover, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehance’s group just to learn to say what they feel. There’s a strong need in Paris for communication, says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes would’t exist”, she says,”If life weren’t a battle, people wouln’t need a special place just to speak.” But then, it wouldn’t be France.

1. What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?

A. Learn a new subject

B. Keep in touch with friends.

C. Show off their knowledge.

D. Express their true feelings.

2. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?

A. They are less frequently visited.

B. They stay open for longer hours.

C. They have bigger night crowds.

D. They start to serve fast food.

3. What are theme cafes expected to do?

A. Create more jobs.

B. Supply better drinks.

C. Save the cafe business.

D. Serve the neighborhood.

4. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?

A. They bring people true friendship.

B. They give people spiritual support.

C. They help people realize their dreams.

D. They offer a platform for business links.

实战演练：

B

The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts(文科) in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition(命题)，although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM（science, technology, engineering, maths）-related fields can make it seem that way.

The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also states firmly that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate