现在分词和动名词的区别
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
现在分词和动名词的区别
动名词和现在分词:都由动词变化而来,仍然具有动词的性质和原义,但不能做动词使用。
两者的区别主要表现在:
1. –ing在句中作定语,它可能是现在分词,也可能是动名词
动名词作定语时:说明被修饰的名词的用途(可以用“use for +动名词”这个结构代替),它和所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系;
现在分词作定语时:表示它所修饰的名词的行为,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系(可以扩展为定语从句);
还有一种区别方法是:
如果ing形式相当于一个名词,可以与主语交换位置,它就是动名词;
如果ing形式相当于形容词,不能与主语交换位置,它就是现在分词。
a sleeping car = a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢(sleeping此处为动名词);
a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子(sleeping此处为现在分词)
2. 动名词具有名词的性质:
(1)可以和名词一样有冠词或this、some等形容词
A knocking at the door was heard.
(2)可以和名词一样有所有格、复数形式
He enjoys reading for reading’s sake, not for scholarship.
He is so busy that I cannot keep track of all his comings and goings. (3)可以带所有格以表明动作者
Please excuse my coming late.
3. “动名词+名词”和“现在分词+名词”的读音不同
“动名词+名词”的重音在“动名词”上(a ‘sleeping suit)
“现在分词+名词”的重音在“名词”上(a sleeping ‘child)
4. 动名词用法的特殊情况
①No+动名词——用于简短的禁令或禁律
No smoking=Don’t do=Don’t smoke.
②There is no+-ing(…是不可能的)= It is impossible to= No one can (or We cannot)
There is no telling when lasting peace will come. 谁也不知道永久的和平何时到来
③Never (or not) … without + -ing (每次…都…)= whenever
He never comes without bringing some present.
④It goes without saying that(…是不用说的)= It is needless to say that It goes without saying that no animal can live without breathing.
⑤Do+动名词(做需要若干时间或一再重复的事情),动名词之前都由the、所有
格或some/a little/much/a lot of之类的形容词
Do you do much fishing?
⑥On (or upon)+动名词(当…, 一…就…)=when (or as soon as)+S.+V.
⑦Of one’s own+动名词(自己…的)= -ed by oneself
He showed me a picture of his own painting.
⑧Make a point of+动名词(必定,重视)= make it a point to
He makes a point of calling on me on New Year’s Day.
⑨Be on (or upon) the point of + 动名词(正要)= be just about to
5. 如果ing形式在句中充当状语和补语,那么它一定是现在分词;
如果ing形式在句中充当主语、宾语、同位语,那么它一定是动名词。