gender difference

Gender Differences

性别歧视指的是一种性别成员对另一种性别成员的不平等对待，也指性别造成的差别待遇，尤其是男性对女性的不平等对待。
美国不分性别的男女选美冠军 American beauty and unisex
China's neutral person中国的中性人
Thailand, regardless of sex of men and women, referred to as a freak 泰国不分性别的男女，简称人妖
No clear conclusion that characteristics between men and women
• • • • • Brain tissue（脑组织） Creativity Competitiveness Dominant trait（支配性） Cooperation and so on……
2,
Gender differences in human capital（人力资本） Work experience lower and human capital depreciation（人力资本折旧） greater for women b/c family-related career interruptions Sex segregation based on human capital of individuals
Women
Are neat and clean Like to talk Are shy and obedient Have an extremely strong need for security Pay s great deal of attention to their appearance Are loyal Easily express gentle feelings Are well-mannered Understand other people’s feelings better Are more sensitive

众擎易举，众志成城
Our failure to recognize and appreciate these differences can become a lifelong source of disappointment, frustration, tension and eventually our downfall in a relationship.
关于做事风格
男生用提款卡领钱：把车停在提款机旁，插入提款卡，按入密码，拿钱，取卡和收据。女生用提款卡领钱：把车停在提款机旁，用后视镜补补妆，把引擎熄火，把钥匙放在皮包里，下车。翻遍皮包找提款卡，插入提款卡，翻遍皮包找那张写有密码的口香糖锡箔纸，按入密码，读屏幕上的指示，花掉两分钟。按取消键，重新输入正确的密码，查询账户结余，再读一次屏幕指示，选择提取现金。走进车子，用后视镜补补妆，翻遍皮包找钥匙，发动引擎，开了5米停止。倒车回到ATM，用后视镜补补妆，下车，拿钱、提款卡和收据，上车，用后视镜补补妆，翻遍皮包找个位置放提款卡。换倒挡，排档，开车。开了十公里后，把手刹放掉。
eg.这个故事是有关一个俄国家庭的。
This story is concerned with a Russian family.
For most men, solving a problem presents an opportunity to demonstrate their competence, their strength of resolve, and their commitment to a relationship. Paraphrase: for most men, solving a problem offers an opportunity

Unit-3-Gender-Difference新编大学英语第二版第四册课文翻译

Unit 3 Gender DifferenceGender Roles from a Cultural PerspectiveOver the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. In the process of growing up, each child learns hundreds of culturally patterned details of behavior that become incorporated into its gender identity. Some of this learning takes place directly. In other words, the child is told by others how to act in an appropriately feminine or masculine way. Other details of gender behavior are taught unconsciously, or indirectly, as the culture provides different images, aspirations, and adult models for girls and boys.Recently, for example, a study of American public schools showed that there is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. According to the researchers, the bias is unintentional and unconscious, but it is there and it is influencing the lives of millions of schoolchildren every year. Doctors David and Myra Sadker videotaped classroom teachers in order to study gender-related bias in education. Their research showed that many teachers who thought they were nonsexist were amazed to see how biased they appeared on videotape. From nursery school to postgraduate courses, teachers were shown to call on males in class far more than on female students. This has a tremendous impact on the learning process for, in general, those students who become active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes and go on to higher achievement. As a matter of fact, in the late 1960s, when many of the best all-women's colleges in the northeastern United States opened their doors to male students, it was observed by professors and women students alike that the boys were "taking over" the classroom discussions and that active participation by women students had diminished noticeably. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law and medical school classrooms in recent years.3 Research done by the Sadkers showed that sometimes teachers unknowingly prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class by assigning them different tasks in accordance with stereotyped gender roles. For instance, one teacher conducting a science class with nursery school youngsters, continually had the little boys perform the scientific "experiment" while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away. Since hands-on work with classroom materials is a very important aspect of early education, the girls were thus being deprived of a vital learning experience that would affect their entire lives.Another dimension of gender-biased education is the typical American teacher's assumption that boys will do better in the "hard", "masculine" subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills. As an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy, American boys do, indeed, develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on. But these are cultural, not genetic patterns. In Germany, for example, all studies are considered "masculine", and it is girls who develop reading problems. And in Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys do equally well in reading.The different attitudes associated with the educational process for girls and boys begin at home. One study, for example, showed that when preschoolers were asked to look at a picture of a house and tell how far away from the house they were permitted to go, the boys indicated a much wider area than the girls, who generally pointed out a very limited area close to the home. Instead of being encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills that are useful in dealing with the outside world, as boys are, girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their "goodness" and obedience to rules. These lessons carry over from the home to the classroom, where girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than with its content, and more anxious about being "right" in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original. Thus, through the educational process that occupies most of the child's waking hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each gender in its traditional and expected mold.从文化角度看性别角色1 在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了这样一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既是遗传又是文化熏陶的结果。

Unit-3-Gender-Difference新编大学英语第二版第四册课文翻译

Unit 3 Gender DifferenceGender Roles from a Cultural PerspectiveOver the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. In the process of growing up, each child learns hundreds of culturally patterned details of behavior that become incorporated into its gender identity. Some of this learning takes place directly. In other words, the child is told by others how to act in an appropriately feminine or masculine way. Other details of gender behavior are taught unconsciously, or indirectly, as the culture provides different images, aspirations, and adult models for girls and boys.Recently, for example, a study of American public schools showed that there is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. According to the researchers, the bias is unintentional and unconscious, but it is there and it is influencing the lives of millions of schoolchildren every year. Doctors David and Myra Sadker videotaped classroom teachers in order to study gender-related bias in education. Their research showed that many teachers who thought they were nonsexist were amazed to see how biased they appeared on videotape. From nursery school to postgraduate courses, teachers were shown to call on males in class far more than on female students. This has a tremendous impact on the learning process for, in general, those students who become active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes and go on to higher achievement. As a matter of fact, in the late 1960s, when many of the best all-women's colleges in the northeastern United States opened their doors to male students, it was observed by professors and women students alike that the boys were "taking over" the classroom discussions and that active participation by women students had diminished noticeably. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law and medical school classrooms in recent years.3 Research done by the Sadkers showed that sometimes teachers unknowingly prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class by assigning them different tasks in accordance with stereotyped gender roles. For instance, one teacher conducting a science class with nursery school youngsters, continually had the little boys perform the scientific "experiment" while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away. Since hands-on work with classroom materials is a very important aspect of early education, the girls were thus being deprived of a vital learning experience that would affect their entire lives.Another dimension of gender-biased education is the typical American teacher's assumption that boys will do better in the "hard", "masculine" subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills. As an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy, American boys do, indeed, develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on. But these are cultural, not genetic patterns. In Germany, for example, all studies are considered "masculine", and it is girls who develop reading problems. And in Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys do equally well in reading.The different attitudes associated with the educational process for girls and boys begin at home. One study, for example, showed that when preschoolers were asked to look at a picture of a house and tell how far away from the house they were permitted to go, the boys indicated a much wider area than the girls, who generally pointed out a very limited area close to the home. Instead of being encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills that are useful in dealing with the outside world, as boys are, girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their "goodness" and obedience to rules. These lessons carry over from the home to the classroom, where girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than with its content, and more anxious about being "right" in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original. Thus, through the educational process that occupies most of the child's waking hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each gender in its traditional and expected mold.从文化角度看性别角色1 在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了这样一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既是遗传又是文化熏陶的结果。

大学英语口语对话What is the gender difference

What’s the gender difference? Find out the differences and tell whyA: Oh, my God! I have slept for a whole class! And what’s worse, I didn’t hear anything. What did the teacher say in class?B: Oh! What did you do last night? To be a thief?A: Don’t mention it. I just slept three hours last night for catching up with my homework.B: No wonder you dozed off for a whole class, but don’t worry, I can lend you my notebook. Last class, the teacher mainly talk about the gender difference.A: What is the gender difference? Does it refer to the differences between male and female?B: Yes, you are right! It seems that you will not have to listen to the class afterwards.A: hey! Don’t play jokes on me. Be serious, please. How did the teacher explain it?B: OK,OK! Kidding aside. The teacher gave some examples. Generally speaking, men and women are quite different in character and ability.A: I feel that way. My brother always performs better than me in math. Sometimes, I even thought I was born more stupid than him.B: Hahaha, This is the so-called gender difference. As the teacher said, Boys have better Logic analysis ability and spatial imagination than girls, but girls are better at dealing with details and verbal communication.A: I agree a lot . It’s more easy for girls to learn language.We can do well in reading, understanding and writing. I have read a research that showed girls outperform boys in reading in all countries.A: OK, I get it. Thank you very much. But I have no idea about the gender difference in character, how to be shown?B: In terms of character, generally speaking, man are calm and silent ;Women are careful, and sensitive . A: But I don’t think so on this aspect. Character is unfixed, so everyone is unique.B: Yes you are right, there's no obvious evidence to show gender difference in character up to now.A: So what causes gender differences on earth?B: I think the root reason is the different physiological structure.A: I take your point, boys and girls indeed have different brain structures.B: In addition to congenital causes, the acquired environment (后天的环境)may also affect the growth of men and women.A: ha ha ha, as the old saying said, boys should be Poor breeding while girls should be Rich breeding.B: It sounds interesting, I want to know more about it.A: But I'm not sure. I just heard it.B: Internet and library can be a great resources. they can provide so many information for us.A: I think so. We must be able to find the answer we want from them.B: Would you like go with me now? I want to borrow your notebooks to make up for my class firstly.A: sure! Then we can search more information about the causes of gender difference to finish our homework together.B: Great! So nice of you!。

性别差异英语作文

性别差异英语作文Gender Differences。

Gender differences have been a topic of debate for many years. Men and women are different in many ways, including their physical, emotional, and mental characteristics. These differences can be attributed to biological, social, and cultural factors.One of the most obvious gender differences is physical strength. Men are generally stronger than women due totheir larger muscle mass and bone density. This difference can be seen in sports, where men dominate in events requiring physical strength and endurance. However, women have certain physical advantages, such as greaterflexibility and a lower center of gravity, which make them better suited for some sports.Emotional differences between men and women are also apparent. Women are often considered more emotional andempathetic than men. They tend to be more in touch with their feelings and express them more openly. Men, on the other hand, are often more reserved and less likely to share their emotions. This difference can be attributed to social and cultural factors, as men are often taught to be stoic and unemotional.Mental differences between men and women are lessclear-cut. Some studies suggest that men are better at spatial tasks, while women are better at verbal tasks. However, these differences are not absolute, and there is a great deal of overlap between the sexes. It is also important to note that these differences may be influenced by cultural and environmental factors, such as education and upbringing.Gender differences can have both positive and negative effects. On the one hand, they can lead to greaterdiversity and complementarity in relationships and workplaces. On the other hand, they can also lead to stereotypes and discrimination. It is important to recognize and appreciate the differences between men andwomen while also promoting equality and respect for all individuals.In conclusion, gender differences are a complex and multifaceted topic. While there are observable differences between men and women, it is important to recognize that these differences are not absolute and may be influenced by social, cultural, and environmental factors. By promoting equality and respect for all individuals, we can create a more inclusive and harmonious society.。

Gender difference男女交流方式的差异

sewing
Gathering wild fruit
communicate with other women
talkative, like shopping
2.What make the differences
physical reason
Men and women brain structure is different. The male brain is 11-12% bigger than female.
Imagine: thousands years ago, ancient men went out hunting, while women were waiting in the cave with their children.
2.What make the differences
Division of labor
Communication
1.Differences between the sexes 2.What make the differences?
3.We need mutual-undeLeabharlann standing4.jokes
4.jokes
Money A man will pay $10 for a $5 item he needs. A woman will pay $5 for a $10 item that she doesn't need, because it's on sale.
Communication differences between Men & Women
Women are from Venus
Men are from Mars

性别差异的原因英语作文

性别差异的原因英语作文Title: The Causes of Gender DifferencesGender differences have been a topic of interest and debate in various societies and cultures. These differences can be attributed to a multitude of factors, both biological and socio-cultural. This essay aims to explore the causes behind gender differences.Biologically, the most apparent difference between genders is the distinct reproductive systems. Hormonal variations, particularly the levels of testosterone and estrogen, play a significant role in shaping the physical and behavioral characteristics of individuals. From birth, these hormonal differences contribute to the development of gender-specific traits and tendencies.Socio-culturally, gender differences are largely influenced by societal norms, expectations, and roles. These are deeply ingrained in the fabric of a society and are passed down through generations. The concept of gender roles dictating the behavior, responsibilities, and opportunities available to individuals based on their gender. For instance, in many cultures, men are expected to be strong, assertive, and providers, while women are associated with nurturing, empathy, and domestic responsibilities.One of the primary causes of gender differences is the socialization process. From a young age, children are taught societal norms andexpectations related to their gender. This socialization occurs within the family, educational institutions, media, and religious institutions. These agents of socialization reinforce gender stereotypes, limiting the scope of individual expression and potential.Education also plays a significant role in perpetuating gender differences. In many societies, there is a divide in the subjects boys and girls are encouraged to study. This division leads to differences in career choices and opportunities, further reinforcing gender-specific roles.The workplace environment contributes to gender differences as well. Gender discrimination and biases result in unequal pay, fewer opportunities for women in leadership positions, and a lack of flexibility for balancing work and family responsibilities. These barriers not only affect women's professional growth but also reinforce traditional gender roles.Media and popular culture play a pivotal role in shaping and perpetuating gender differences. Stereotypical representations of genders in movies, television shows, and advertisements reinforce societal expectations and limit the scope for diverse gender expressions.In conclusion, the causes of gender differences are multifaceted, encompassing both biological and socio-cultural factors. Hormonal differences, societal norms, gender roles, socialization, education, workplace biases, and media representations all contribute to theexistence and perpetuation of gender differences. Recognizing and understanding these causes is crucial for creating a more inclusive and equitable society that allows individuals to express their genders freely and equally.。

性别差异与翻译

GENDER DIFFERENCES AND TRANSLATIONAbstractGendered language refers to the phenomenon that there exist gender differences in natural language. And this is inevitably reflected in translation. This paper analyses different translations of an same article to see how a translator obtains self-identity through lexical selection. Due to the influence of patriarchy, a male translator uses derogatory terms instead of neutral ones to show mean’s superiority over woman while a female translator usually expresses self-consciousness and self-identity through lexical selection. The reflection of gender differences in language is a kind of speech act. This is a significant act to reveal this phenomenon in translation. Besides, how this phenomenon exist is another important part in this thesis. The last part is analysis of women’s consciousness of independence in the three Bronte Sisters’works.Key words: Gender language; Gender difference; Different translations work of man and woman; Women’s consciousness性别差异与翻译摘要性别语言是指自然语言中存在于不同性别之间差异现象，并且这种差异会不可避免的反映到翻译中。

翻译与性别之间的关系

翻译与性别之间的关系自20世纪90年代翻译研究发生“文化转向”以来,从文化视角进行的翻译研究日益深入,结出了累累硕果。

性别与翻译的结合,正是这次转向后文化研究与翻译研究联姻的一个重要组成部分,也是当前翻译研究一个日益突出的发展方向。

这里的“性别”,指伴随着女性主义运动逐步发展起来的“社会性别”(gender)概念。

女性主义认为性别有生理性别与社会性别之分,生理性别与生俱来,社会性别则由社会、文化因素后天塑造而成。

“性别”在语言中可以理解为自然的性别差异(Sex difference)和社会的性别差异(Gender difference),语言的性别差异很早就为语言学家所注意。

从20 世纪60 年代中期起,语言学家们开始对语言和性别问题进行系统研究,他们借用社会学常用的统计调查方法,调查分析人的性别因素对语言的影响。

分析表明,性别因素以某种特定的方式影响着人们的语言行为,女性无论从语音、词汇还是语法方面,都更注重语言的准确性,更注意语言的文雅、含蓄和委婉。

同时,夸张修饰语的应用和语调的变换,也显示出女性语言中含有较多的情感因素。

传统的翻译观建立在原作/复制、作者/译者等二元对立基础上,而女性主义翻译理论拆解了二元对立,认为原作与译作、作者与译者等概念存在于一个连续体中,翻译和其他形式的写作一样,都是有意义的流动性的创造。

因此,在女性主义翻译理论中,翻译是生产(production)而非再生产,是为体现女性而在女性文本中的重写,是和女性主义写作一样的背叛、交换、诠释、发明、转换和创造。

有性别意识的批评者通过研究大量译文,发现了女性主义作品在翻译中的变形。

例如,通过研究波伏娃《第二性》的英译本,女性主义批评者发现《第二性》的译者按自己的兴趣对原文进行了剪裁,使波伏娃在译文中被扭曲。

毋容置疑,译者性别的确会是影响翻译的一个重要因素。

女性译者更偏向于选择女作者的作品进行翻译,在翻译她们的作品时也能更加投入。

跨文化交际11-Gender differences in Communication

Men and women often have very different ideas of what’s important and at what point “important” topics should be raised.
“My wife and I have an agreement: I make all the big decisions, but she gets to make the little ones. I decide what the United Nations should do, how to solve the world energy crisis, and who will win the next World Cup; she decides where we should live, what we should eat, how to educate the kids, and when we’ll retire.”
He: No, really, what do you want? I’d like to get you something nice.
She: You don’t have to get me anything, besides we can’t afford much right now.
He: Well, how about if we just go out for dinner together then?
Gender Difference in Communication
Who talks more, Women or Men?
Stereotype: Women talk too much.

gender different英语作文

gender different英语作文Gender differences refer to the distinctions and disparities between men and women in terms of biology, behavior, and societal roles. These differences have been a topic of interest and discussion for centuries, as they play a significant role in shaping individuals' experiences and interactions within society.Biologically, men and women have distinct physical characteristics that differentiate them from one another. Men typically have more muscle mass, higher levels of testosterone, and different reproductive organs compared to women. These biological differences can influence various aspects of individuals' lives, such as their athletic abilities, susceptibility to certain health conditions, and even their lifespan.In terms of behavior, gender differences can also be observed in the ways men and women express themselves, communicate, and interact with others. Studies have shown that men tend to be more assertive and competitive, while women are often more nurturing and empathetic. These differences can impact individuals' relationships, career choices, and overall well-being.Furthermore, societal roles and expectations also contribute to gender differences. In many cultures, men are traditionally seen as breadwinners and decision-makers, while women are viewed as caregivers and homemakers. These gender roles can shape individuals' opportunities, rights, and freedoms, leading to disparities in education, employment, and leadership positions.Despite these differences, it is essential to recognize that gender is a social construct and that not all individuals fit neatly into traditional male or female categories. Non-binary, genderqueer, and transgender individuals challenge traditional notions of gender, highlighting the fluidity and diversity of human experiences.In conclusion, gender differences are complex and multifaceted, encompassing biological, behavioral, and societal aspects of individuals' lives. By acknowledging and understanding these differences, we can work towards creating a more inclusive and equitable society for all genders. As we continue to explore and celebrate the diversity of gender identities, we move closer to realizing true equality and respect for all individuals, regardless of their gender.。

Gender Differences

Gender Differences
Gender difference is a term used to refer to social characteristic that distinguish men and women. These include such things as differences in hair styles, clothing, family responsibilities, occupational roles, acceptable behavior and other culturally learned activities and traits. All of these differences are linked to the non-biological notions of masculinity and femininity which vary from one culture to another.
They display smiling and headnodding when listening
They stare more in negative interaction
They lower their eyes more to avert gaze in negative interaction
Women ：
They speak in a softer voice They use pitch and inflection to emphasize points They sound more emotional in speech. They use approximately 5 tones when talking They interrupt others less and allow more interruptions

新编大学英语第四册_Unit_3_Gender_Differences_课件

Development (Para. 2-4)
There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (Para.2) Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles. (Para.3) Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’s assumption that boys will do better in science subjects while girls tend to have better verbal and reading skills. (Para.4)
Ideal Wife and Ideal Husband
Directions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.
1) From your point of view, what are the characteristics of the ideal wife and the ideal husband? 2) Would the ideal wife and the ideal husband have been different in your parents’ generation and in your grandparents’ generation? If so, how? Possible characteristics of the ideal husband/wife: Ideal husband 1) tall, handsome and strong 2) capable of supporting a family Ideal wife 1) beautiful and healthy 2) warm-hearted

Gender difference 性别差异及优缺点的大学英语作文

Gender difference is not the excuse of sexdiscriminationLawrence Summers, Harvard University President,was being criticized for saying that women lack the "natural ability" to do as well as men in science and engineering.When referring to gender difference and sex discrimination,I think physiological difference between femal and male should be objectively recognized,but the right and ability on pursuit of knowledge are coordinate.In a keynote speech at a conference on diversity, Summers hypothesized that the shortage of women in certain disciplines could be explained by innate differences in mathematical abili ty. In my opinion, I don’t think gender was relevant to any career aspirations, but having so many options may be why women are underrepresented in fields like science and math. Women,I think, tend to have a broader array of career options than men.So women perform about the same as men in math classes, but are still less likely than men to seek a career in science, technology, engineering or math.Also, study suggests the reason may be a lack of role models, resulting in females in the field feeling like they don't belong.Undoubly,there are many differences between men and women,and furtherstudy of the major resons of the representation of women among science and engineering faculty are needed.However, sex discrimination is absolutely wrong. To conclude, do so-called differences in mathematical ability matter at all? The debate on the issue has so far missed the central point: scientists are made, not born.At every level of the scientific enterprise, from grade school through grad school and beyond, our society is failing to make as many women scientists as it could—perhaps because we are too mesmerized by the idea that scientists have to be born.。

新编大学英语视听说教程4scriptunit3听力原文及答案

Unit 3 Gender DifferencesPart 1 listening oneThree Three guys guys guys are are are out out out having having having a a a relaxing relaxing relaxing day day day fishing. fishing. fishing. Out Out Out of of of the the the blue, blue, blue, they they they catch catch catch a a mermaid who begs to be set free in return for granting each of them a wish. Now one of the guys just doesn't believe it, and says, "OK, if you can really grant wishes, then double my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." Suddenly, the guy starts to recite recite flawless flawless flawless Shakespeare Shakespeare Shakespeare followed followed followed by by by a a a short short short pause pause pause and and and an an an extremely extremely extremely insightful insightful analysis of it. The second guy is so amazed that he says to the mermaid, "Hey, triple my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." The guy begins pouring out all the mathematical solutions to problems that have puzzled scientists in all fields. The last last guy guy guy is is is so so so impressed impressed impressed by by by the the the changes changes changes in in in his his his friends friends friends that that that he he he says says says to to to the the mermaid, mermaid, "Quintuple "Quintuple "Quintuple my my my IQ." IQ." IQ." The The The mermaid mermaid mermaid looks looks looks at at at him him him and and and says, says, says, "You "You "You know, know, know, I I normally don't try to change people's minds when they make a wish, but I really wish you'd reconsider." The guy says, "No, I want you to increase my IQ five times, and if you don't do it, I won't set you free." "Please," says the mermaid, "you don't know what you're asking... It'll It'll change change change your your your entire entire entire view view view of of of the the the universe. universe. universe. Won't Won't Won't you you you ask ask ask for for for something something something else? else? else? A A million dollars or anything?" But no matter what the mermaid says, the guy insists on having his IQ increased by by five five five times times times its its its usual usual usual power. power. power. So So So the the the mermaid mermaid mermaid sighs sighs sighs and and and says, says, says, "Done." "Done." "Done." And And And he he becomes a woman. Keys: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T2.1. set free in return 2.2 extremely insightful analysis2.3 pouring out, puzzled, in all fields2.4 normally, change people’s minds, reconsider 2.5 usual powerPart 1 listening two(Dr. Rosa Herring, author of a book on language and communication, is beinginterviewed by Bob White, a writer for an academic journal on communication.) Bob White: Good morning, Dr. Herring! We both know that many communication specialists specialists believe believe believe that that that gender gender gender bias bias bias exists exists exists in in in language, language, language, culture culture culture and and society. Do you think this is really so? Dr. Herring:Y es, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced Yes, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced by cultural expectations, and these begin during childhood. Children usually play together with other children of the same gender, and this is where our conversational style is learned. Bob White: Can you give some specific examples? Dr. Herring:Certainly. We find that girls use language mainly to develop closeness or or intimacy intimacy intimacy as as as a a a basis basis basis for for for friendship. friendship. friendship. Boys, Boys, Boys, on on on the the the contrary, contrary, contrary, use use language mainly to earn status in their group. Bob White:But, in communication through electronic devices like e-mail discussion discussion groups, groups, groups, there there there should should should be be be no no no gender gender gender distinction distinction distinction if if if writers' writers' names are not used in the messages. Dr. Herring:One might think so, but in fact, email writing style is more comparable comparable with with with spoken spoken spoken language, language, language, so so so basic basic basic language language language styles styles styles are are are still still evident. Bob White:I thought e-mail messages were gender neutral! Dr. Herring: No. While theoretical gender equality exists for the Internet, in reality women are not given equal opportunity because of different communication and language styles between the sexes. Bob White:How does that happen? Do you have any hard facts t o to to back up this back up this impression? Dr. Herring: Yes. I've I've done done done a a a research research research project project project using using using randomly randomly randomly selected selected selected e-mail e-mail messages messages from from from online online online discussion discussion discussion groups. groups. groups. I I I found found found that that that females females females use use language language that that that is is is more more more collaborative collaborative collaborative and and and supportive supportive supportive such such such as as as "Thanks "Thanks for for all all all your your your tips tips tips on...", on...", on...", "Good "Good "Good point." point." point." and and and "Hope "Hope "Hope this this this helps!". helps!". helps!". Men Men tend to use more aggressive or competitive language such as "Do you understand that?", "You should realize that...", "It is absurd to think...". Bob White:How great are these gender differences? Dr. Herring: Males Males write write messages messages messages using using using aggressive, aggressive, aggressive, competitive competitive competitive language language language more more than than twice twice twice as as as often often often as as as females females females did, did, did, while while while females females females use use use collaborative collaborative and and supportive supportive supportive language language language three three three times times times as as as often often often as as as males males males did. did. did. In In In this this study, it is clear that there is a gender difference in e-mail messages just as in other communication media. Bob White:So the "battle of the sexes" is still with us, even online. Questions:1. According to Dr. Herring, when is children’s conversational style lear ned? 2. Which of the following is most similar to e-mail writing in style? 3. Why is there still no equality on the Internet? 4. What comparison did Dr. Herring make in her speech? Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B2.1. language, culture, society, cultural expectations 2.2 closeness intimacy, earn status2.3 collaborative supportive, aggressive competitivePart 1 listening threeJohn: John: Cathy, do you think it's appropriate for females to continuously expect guys to Cathy, do you think it's appropriate for females to continuously expect guys to behave in a standard gentlemanly fashion like opening car doors? Cathy: Cathy: Well, I think it would be nice if men could do such things. Well, I think it would be nice if men could do such things. John: John: My My side side of of of the the the theory theory theory is is is that that that we we we all all all have have have to to to admit admit admit that that that we we we are are are living living living in in in the the world of change. Right? Sometimes the equation changes if the driver is a girl and the passenger is a guy who doesn't drive. So what h appens? Should the happens? Should the girl open the door for the guy or should the guy open the door for the girl? Maybe we should just adopt an "open your own door" policy. Cathy: Cathy: Yes, Yes, I I agree, agree, agree, John. John. John. But...sometimes But...sometimes But...sometimes it's it's it's just just just a a a matter matter matter of of of courtesy. courtesy. courtesy. It It It doesn't doesn't matter who opens the door for whom. Maybe females just should not expect too much. Life isn't a fairy tale after all. John: It's absolutely true. Sometimes I feel that there isn't any difference in the roles both genders can perform. Of course I'm not saying that men can give birth. Rather Rather what what what I I I meant meant meant was was was except except except for for for the the the physical physical physical and and and natural natural natural differences differences between both sexes, there isn't much difference between them. Cathy: Cathy: But honestly, although I don't expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull out But honestly, although I don't expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull out a chair for me, I am usually quite impressed if they do so, as many guys don't do it nowadays. If the guy was walking in front of me and went through the door first, I'd appreciate it if he could hold the door and not let it slam in my face. John: Well, if I'm the one walking in front, I will open the door and hold it for the people behind me, be it a girl or a boy. I actually had the door slam right in my face a number of times though, when the person walking closely in front of me didn't hold the heavy glass door and let it swing back in my face. Of course, I tried tried to to to hold hold hold the the the door, door, door, but but but it it it was was was too too too heavy heavy heavy and and and too too too late. late. late. But But But I I I think think think it it it was was more embarrassing for him than me as everyone was looking at him, while I was rubbing my squashed nose. Cathy: Cathy: So being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other So being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other aspects I believe. Keys:1. T T F F T 2. D A B A BPart 1 listening fourDo you know how you learned to be a woman? Do you know how you learned to be be a a a man? man? man? What What What makes makes makes the the the difference difference difference in in in terms terms terms of of of gender gender gender and and and our our our roles roles roles in in in society? society? Even when our physical structures are revealed to be really similar, women and men "tend" to play different roles in society. In an article in the latest issue of Psychology Today , we find a study that reflects how parents of fifteen girl babies and fifteen boy babies differed in their descriptions of their babies. Despite the fact that objective data such such as as as birth birth birth length, length, length, weight, weight, weight, irritability, irritability, irritability, etc. etc. etc. did did did not not not differ, differ, differ, when when when the the the parents parents parents were were asked asked to to to describe describe describe their their their babies, babies, babies, they they they said said said that that that girl girl girl babies babies babies were were were softer, softer, softer, littler, littler, littler, more more beautiful, prettier, cuter than boy babies. Based on these facts, we could conclude that parents' attitude is influencing their children. Our parents and later our school, television and the Internet are showing us a whole set of expected behaviors that create our patterns. Thus, a simple cartoon can suggest to children how they are supposed to act. Male cartoon characters are not only more prominent than female characters, but they also portray a broader range of masculine traits. Male characters are powerful, strong, smart and aggressive. Of course roles have been changing over the past decades. Nowadays, women are not not necessarily necessarily necessarily expected expected expected to to to stay stay stay home home home raising raising raising their their their family family family and and and supporting supporting supporting their their husbands. In the same way, men are no longer expected to be the only breadwinners like they used to be; now women and men share these responsibilities. But traditional roles still have a big influence. Keys:1. F F T T F2.1 reflects descriptions 2.2 parents’ attitudes2.3 suggest, act 2.4 raising their family, supporting their husbands2.5 used to be, share these responsibilitiesPart 4 Listening 1 "Equal" does not always mean "the same". Men and women are created equally but boys and girls are not born the same. You throw a little girl a ball, and it will hit her in the nose. You throw a little boy a ball, and he will try to catch it. Then it will hit him in the nose. A baby girl will pick up a stick and look in wonder at what nature has made. A baby boy will pick up a stick and turn it into a gun. When girls play with Barbie dolls, they like to dress them up and play house with them. When boys play with Barbie dolls, they like to tear their hair off. Boys couldn't couldn't care care care less less less if if if their their their hair hair hair is is is untidy. untidy. untidy. But But But for for for girls, girls, girls, if if if their their their hair hair hair got got got cut cut cut a a quarter-inch too short, they would rather lock themselves in their room for two weeks than be seen in public. Baby girls find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting their faces. Baby boys find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting the walls. Boys grow their fingernails long because they're too lazy to cut them. Girls grow their their fingernails fingernails fingernails long long long——not not because because because they they they look look look nice nice nice——but but because because because they they they can can can dig dig dig them them into a boy's arm. Girls are attracted to boys, even at an early age. At an early age, boys are attracted to dirt. Most baby baby girls girls girls talk talk talk before before before boys boys boys do. do. do. Before Before Before boys boys boys talk, talk, talk, they they they learn learn learn how how how to to to make make machine-gun noises. Girls turn into women. Boys turn into bigger boys. Keys: 1. 1 hit 1.2 try to catch 1.3 in wonder 1.4 turn…into1.5 dress, play hous e 1.6 tear…off 1.7 care less 1.8 lock, in public 1.9 painting their face 1.10 painting the walls 1.11 lazy, cut 1.12 dig…into1.13 boys 1.14 dirt 1.15 talk 1.16 make machine-gun noisesListening 2In order to understand this story, you have to know the nursery rhyme HickoryDickory Dock . . In In In this this this nursery nursery nursery rhyme, rhyme, rhyme, the the the words words words in in in the the the title title title have have have no no no meaning. meaning. meaning. The The rhyme goes like this: Hickory Dickory Dock,The mouse ran up the clock.The clock struck one,The mouse ran down! Hickory Dickory Dock.Here is the story: One day I took my seven-year-old son with me to shop for an electric wall clock for the kitchen and found a whole counter full of them on sale at a discount store. I had had trouble trouble trouble deciding deciding deciding which which which clock clock clock to to to buy. buy. buy. While While While I I I held held held one one one clock clock clock in in in my my my hand hand hand and and looked at another, I asked my son which one he liked better. “The one you’re holding with the mouse in it, Mom,” he said.Before Before I understood his I understood his w ords, words, a real, live mouse jumped out onto onto the counter the counter and ran away. I screamed so loud everyone turned to see what was wrong. I was so embarrassed. I tried to make my way quietly out of the store. Everyone was looking at me. On the way out the door, my delighted son recited Hickory Dickory Dock . What a . What a naughty boy! Questions: 1. Where did the story take place? 2. Why did the mother ask her son which clock he liked better? 3. Which clock did the boy like best? 4. Why did the mother feel embossed? 5. Why did he boy recite Hickory Dickory Dock ? ? Keys:1. B2. D3. A4. C5. DListening 3Men, Men, it it it is is is said, said, said, are are are generally generally generally more more more aggressive aggressive aggressive than than than women women women and and and enjoy enjoy enjoy taking taking taking risks. risks. They play fighting games and enjoy "dares". More men than women are convicted for crimes, especially crimes of violence. Some say that this is simply a matter of biology; others suggest that it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory, and often there turns out to be very small differences with a large degree of overlap. Biologically, men certainly seem to be the weaker sex. On average, men experience heart attacks 10 y ears earlier than women, but years earlier than women, but have a better rate of survival if they survive the first year after an attack. Symptoms also vary by sex: Women experience shortness shortness of of of breath, breath, breath, fatigue, fatigue, fatigue, and and and chest chest chest pain; pain; pain; most most most male male male heart heart heart attacks attacks attacks come come come on on on as as as a a sudden, striking pain i n in in the chest. the chest. In In adulthood, men are more likely to adulthood, men are more likely to be infected with viruses and have a shorter average lifespan. In recent years, a great many biological sex differences have been found throughout the body, including the brain. However, regardless of the findings that sex differences really do exist after all and despite the pressure to deny them, socially, we still expect women to behave like women and men like men. Keys:1) aggressive 2) taking risks 3) crime 4) biology 5) function 6) roles 7) unsatisfactory 8) weaker 9) heart attacks 10) rate of survival 11) vary 12) be infected with 13) average lifespan 14) do exist 15) deny 16) behave Listening 4 It is is my my my belief belief belief that that that gender gender gender stereotypes stereotypes stereotypes are are are very very very real real real gender gender gender characteristics characteristics characteristics that that that are are exaggerated to the extreme ends with no gray areas. So in truth a woman is "weak" physically only because a man is in reality "stronger". A woman is "submissive" only because a man in reality is more "aggressive". A woman is "emotional" only because a man is "less emotional". All these are observed facts. Are there there ways ways ways to to to avoid avoid avoid the the the stereotyping? stereotyping? stereotyping? This This This is is is hard hard hard to to to do. do. do. We We We as as as males males males and and females love to exaggerate our differences. It seems we love to do this in many ways. We love to e xaggerate exaggerate exaggerate gender traits gender traits as as if to if to say say "Look how female "Look how female I am" or I am" or "Look "Look how male I am". Do we go so far as to actually create differences that do not exist? Not from what I see. I think we like to exaggerate our differences because the more male we feel or the more female we feel the more attractive we feel. So all in all I believe stereotypes are true differences that are exaggerated. I don't think stereotypes should be avoided because they are real. I do think that we should not not place place place extremes extremes extremes of of of a a a trait trait trait to to to a a a gender gender gender as as as a a a whole whole whole and and and most most most certainly certainly certainly not not not limit limit someone's someone's potential potential potential abilities abilities abilities based based based on on on a a a stereotype. stereotype. stereotype. Stereotypes Stereotypes Stereotypes should should should apply apply apply in in general but not to an individual. They should serve to help make judgment but not as an absolute. Keys:1. T F F F T T2.1 physically, in reality, aggressive2.2 avoid, differences, attractive2.3 extremes, potential abilities。

英语作文男女差异

英语作文男女差异Gender Differences。

Gender differences have been a topic of interest and debate for centuries. While some argue that men and women are fundamentally the same, others believe that there are inherent differences between the two genders. In this essay, we will explore some of the most common differences between men and women, and how these differences impact various aspects of their lives.One of the most noticeable differences between men and women is their physical appearance. Men are typicallylarger and more muscular, while women tend to have softer features and a smaller build. This physical dissimilarity has led to the development of gender-specific clothing and fashion trends, as well as different expectations for physical appearance in society. Men are often expected tobe strong and stoic, while women are encouraged to be nurturing and feminine.In addition to physical disparities, men and women also tend to have different communication styles. Research has shown that women are more likely to use nonverbal cues and express their emotions openly, while men may be more reserved and less likely to show vulnerability. This can lead to misunderstandings and miscommunication between the two genders, as they may have different expectations for how to express themselves and interpret the expressions of others.Another area where men and women differ is in their approach to problem-solving and decision-making. Studies have found that men are more likely to take a direct and assertive approach to solving problems, while women may be more collaborative and inclusive in their decision-making processes. This can lead to different leadership styles in the workplace and other areas of life, as men may be more likely to take charge and make decisions independently, while women may seek input and consensus from others.Furthermore, men and women often have differentinterests and hobbies. While these differences are not universal, research has shown that men are more likely to be interested in sports, technology, and othertraditionally "masculine" activities, while women may be more drawn to art, literature, and social activities. These differences can impact the types of careers and leisure activities that men and women pursue, as well as the way they spend their free time.Despite these differences, it is important to recognize that men and women are more alike than they are different. Both genders have the capacity for empathy, intelligence, and creativity, and both have the ability to excel in a wide range of fields. It is essential to celebrate the unique qualities and strengths of each gender, while also working to break down stereotypes and gender norms that may limit individuals based on their gender.In conclusion, while there are certainly differences between men and women, it is crucial to recognize that these differences do not define individuals or determine their capabilities. By understanding and appreciating theunique qualities of each gender, we can work towards a more inclusive and equitable society for all.。

Gender difference

Gender difference首先，基本的，男人女人之间的区别在大家心里最基本的，在于生理上面但是，不是我们要说的，虽然我知道一些伙伴，希望我继续讲下去，你知道我不是这样的人！今天我们说说心里上面的区别爱情方面男士：往往较为主动initiative，女士刚开始往往较为被动passivity。

男士比较坚强strong，女士比较懦弱，比较哭泣男士比较能忍，女士比较怕痛bear the pain男士力气physical strength比女士大男士高大一点taller，女士矮小点。

男士勇敢点，女士害羞点男士喜欢篮球，足球运动，女士喜欢电影，购物男士在一起会说女人、游戏，女人在一起会说衣服，化妆品cosmetic男士喜欢游戏，女士喜欢衣服、化妆品男士比较脏、臭，女士爱干净、香smells fragrant（即使好几个月不洗澡）女士比男士更有母爱mother love，温柔gentle男士往往数学mathematics、物理physics比较好，女士往往语言类的比较好，英语，语文。

男女不平等比如一些亚洲国家Asian越南Vietnam，韩国Korea 甚至有些男的可以多妻差异的原因：家庭因素性别认同：⒈性别认同，也是性身份认同，是幼儿对自己和他人性别的正确标定。

⒉一般情况下，孩子是通过父母来正确识别自己的性别的。

⒊性身份认同的关键时期是1岁至1.5岁左右；⒋性别角色认同的关键时期是在1.5岁到3岁。

⒌一般在3～4岁时，幼儿对性别的认识逐渐达到稳定阶段，其性别意识开始丰富起来，对性别的差异会感到非常好奇。

性别认同的影响因素：⒈父母自己对性别认同的认识；⒉养育方式对孩子性别认同的影响;⒊父母性别角色榜样作用对孩子性别认同的影响；⒋父亲的独特作用对孩子性别意识发展的作用；⒌其他：如学校、社会。

研究表明，两性差异主要表现在以下两个方面：①语言能力和空间构形能力。

女性的语言能力不仅成熟早，且大多终生保持这种优势;男性则在空间视觉测验方面占明显优势。