亚硝酸盐对人体健康的利害分析_皇甫超申

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(收稿日期:2009-12-30修回日期:2010-04-30)

(本文编辑:韩威)

亚硝酸盐急性中毒导致高铁血红蛋白血症,慢性中毒有致畸和致癌风险[1]。近年来,研究表明,许多心血管疾病是由于体内一氧化氮(nitric oxide ,NO )不足引起的。流行病学和实验研究表明,富含亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的食物具有补充血液和组织亚硝酸

盐的作用。

在缺氧或酸性环境下,亚硝酸盐可以通过酶或非酶途径被还原为NO ,弥补体内一氧化氮合成酶(NO synthase ,NOS )利用L -精氨酸途径产生NO 的不足,从而发挥降血压、抗动脉硬化和缺血细胞保护作用[2]。亚硝酸盐存在致癌风险,

同时又具有预防心血管病的作用,这使对亚硝酸盐的毒理学评价出现了前所未有的困惑。亚硝酸盐在自然界广泛存在,

但人们经过食品、饮水、医药、工业环境接触通常只是摄入少量的亚硝酸盐。为此,笔者回顾近年来有关环境亚硝酸盐暴露与人体健康方面的资料,采用NO 生物学和毒物兴奋理论对文献进行综述。

基金项目:国家重大环保公益项目专项(200809115);省部共建河南大学

科研项目(SBGJ090702)

作者单位:河南大学环境医学研究所环境与健康工程研究中心(河南

开封475004

)作者简介:皇甫超申(1964-),男,教授,从事环境医学研究。

文章编号:1001-5914(2010)08-0733-04

亚硝酸盐对人体健康的利害分析

皇甫超申,史齐,李延红,秦明周

摘要:亚硝酸盐作为人体内源性信号分子调控基因表达,不仅是诊断某些疾病的标志物,而且是治疗心血管疾病的潜在药物。亚硝酸盐具有维持人体一氧化氮平衡,促进心血管健康的作用。然而,环境亚硝酸盐也存在健康危害和致癌风险。该文综述了亚硝酸盐的研究历史和近期文献,通过亚硝酸盐代谢、一氧化氮平衡调控分析了其致癌风险、健康维护,并对研究前景进行展望。

关键词:亚硝酸盐;一氧化氮;癌症;心血管病中图分类号:R123

文献标识码:A

Harm -Benefit Analysis of Nitrite Relative to Human Health HUANGFU Chao -shen,SHI Qi,LI Yan -hong,et al .Institute of Environmental Medicine ,Center for Environment and Health Engineering,Henan University,Kaifeng,He ’nan 475004,China

Abstract:Nitrite is an endogenous signaling molecule and plays roles in gene expression.It not only functions as diagnostic markers of diseases but also has potential value in cardiovascular disease therapy.Nitrite balances NO homeostasis in human body and promotes cardiovascular function as well.However,environmental nitrite has deleterious effects and cancer risk.This paper delineated the history and recent studies of nitrite,and the cancer risk,health benefits and the future of nitrite -based research via analysis of metabolism of nitrite and NO homeostasis was reviewed.

Key words:Nitrite ;Nitric oxide ;Cancer;Cardiovascular disease

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