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2024届高考一轮复习英语语法专练课件(人教版):定语从句

2024届高考一轮复习英语语法专练课件(人教版):定语从句
第1讲 定语从句
在复合句中,修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句 放在先行词的后面。
考点精讲一——关系代词引导的定语从句
情景导入
A real friend is someone who① walks in when the rest of the world walk out.A real friend is someone whose② support we can count on.A real friend is someone who① sees our true self , not just the face who/whom/that③ we show to the world.Yet these days,the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.We may be able to make many friends online,but these friendships can be quite shallow.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends who/whom/that③ we love.
4.引导非限制性定语从句时as与which的区别
关系词
位置不同
表意不同
既可以放在主句前,也 意为“正如……”,后面的谓语动
as 可以放在主句后,有时 词多用see,know,expect,say,
还可插入主句中
mention,report等
which 通常放在主句之后

英语人教版九年级全册宾语从句专项讲解

英语人教版九年级全册宾语从句专项讲解

初中英语语法宾语从句讲解,注意!宾语从句小口诀:宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。

一、基本讲解1概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。

eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)2.连接词(1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用that,口语中常常省略。

e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2)以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .注意:一般情况下,whether 和if 可以互用,但有些情况例外。

a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用ifeg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时,只用whether.eg, Please let me know what to do next.Could you tell me whether u go or not?c. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether.(3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用特殊疑问词;引导词后要用陈述句语序。

人教版高中英语选修8 语法解析:名词性从句讲解

人教版高中英语选修8 语法解析:名词性从句讲解

语法解析:名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。

它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目,在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到,并且每年的命题各有变化。

分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题2. 考查引导词that与what的区别3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4. 考查whether与if的区别5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题语法要点剖析一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。

因此,这四种从句通称为名词性从句。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词:that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词:when, where, how, why1. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。

that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。

例如:What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。

It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。

高三英语大一轮复习讲义 语法知识 专题八 状语从句 新人教版

高三英语大一轮复习讲义 语法知识 专题八 状语从句 新人教版

专题八 状语从句、定语从句状语从句一、时间状语从句1.before 引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。

常用如下句型: It is long before...(过了好久才……) It is not long before...(过了不久就……)2.since 后面所用动词不同,该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。

⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧since +瞬间动词过去式从该动作发生时算起since +持续性动词过去式从动作结束时算起It is two years since he joined the army. It is two years since he smoked. 二、地点状语从句多由where 和wherever 引导。

Where there is a will ,there is a way. 二、原因状语从句在表示原因时,because 语气最重,其次是as ,since ,now that ,故在回答why 问句或者在强调句对原因进行强调时,只能用because 。

for 是并列连词,表示推测的理由或者进一步说明,不能放在句首,for 前要用逗号。

—Why were you absent? —Because I was ill. 三、目的状语从句1.so that/in order that 引导的目的状语从句中的谓语动词多用can/could/may/might/will/would +动词。

Please turn off the light so that I can go to sleep. 2.for fear that ,in case ,lest 表示“以防,免得”。

He is working hard for fear that he should fail. 四、条件状语从句1.providing/provided (that)假如,假若Providing (that) no one has further questions ,the meeting will be over. 2.on the understanding that =on condition that 在……条件下I give you money on the understanding that you finish your homework.五、结果状语从句注意such 引导的结果状语从句与定语从句的区别。

人教版八年级英语上册语法归纳--条件状语从句

人教版八年级英语上册语法归纳--条件状语从句

If 引导的条件状语从句点拨:一.if 引导条件状语从句时,为连词,意为“如果”。

句子的时态遵循“主将从现”的原则,即当主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。

Eg:1. If I go to the movies, I won’t finish my homework.2. If I leave university, I’ll find a job in the city.3. If she likes it, she will read it soon.4. She won’t be late for school if she takes a taxi.5. If it doesn’t snow, he will play football with me tomorrow.6. If you don’t hurry up, you will be late again.7. If we have the party today, half the class won’t come.8. If I stay at home, I will catch the talent show.9. What will happen if your grandmother is free?10. The teachers won’t let in if you wear sunglasses.11. I’ll do it better if the teacher gives me another chance.12. If you don’t go to Lisa’s party, you’ll be sorry.13. If you stay at home, you’ll get bored.14. If I can’t pass the exam, my parents will be very upset.如果我考试通不过,我的父母将会很失望。

人教版高中英语必修二第一单元语法课件-非限制性定语从句

人教版高中英语必修二第一单元语法课件-非限制性定语从句

例句
他的老师,谁对他付出了很多,一直鼓励他追求自 己的梦想。
总结和要点
• 非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行补充说明的从句 • 非限制性定语从句具有附加性、用逗号隔开、不能用that引导的特点 • 非限制性定语从句的引导词包括which、who、whom和whose • 非限制性定语从句的语法注意事项包括用逗号隔开、不影响句子结构
非限制性定语从句的练习和例句
练习
请写出下列句子中非限制性定语从句的引导词。 1. The students, _____ are from different countries, are participating in a cultural exchange program. 2. The book, _____ I borrowed from the library, is very interesting.
用于修饰人。
whose
用于修饰人或物,表示所属关系。
非限制性定语从句的语法注意事项
1 用逗号隔开
非限制性定语从句应该用逗号与主句分隔,以表示其附加性。
2 不影响句子结构
非限制性定语从句不影响句子的结构完整性,即使去掉也不会改变句子的主干。
3 提供额外信息
非限制性定语从句通常提供一些额外的信息,对先行词进行进一步解释或说明。
人教版高中英课中,我们将讨论非限制性定语从句的概念、结构和使用方法,并提 供例句和练习,帮助您更好地理解和运用这一语法知识。
非限制性定语从句的定义
非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行额外说明的从句,不限制或限定先行词的 范围,常用于对已知信息进行进一步解释或补充。
和提供额外信息
非限制性定语从句的结构和使用
1
结构

人教版中考英语语法复习讲义宾语从句

人教版中考英语语法复习讲义宾语从句

宾语从句1.宾语从句的概念。

在主从复合句中,置于动词、介词等后面,充当宾语成分的从句叫宾语从句。

无论何时宾语从句都是陈述语序,即引导词(连接词)+ 主语+ 谓语+ 其他成分。

引导宾语从句的连接词有that, whether, if, what, whose, why, when等。

2.宾语从句的结构。

连接词He knew who sang best in his class.动词从句who sang best in his class放在动词knew后面,作宾语,who是引导该从句的连接词。

句意为:他知道班上谁唱歌唱得最好。

连接词I agree with what you said just now.介词从句what you said just now放在介词with的后面,作宾语,what是连接词。

句意为:我同意你刚才说的话。

3.引导宾语从句的连接词。

1)that引导的宾语从句。

that引导的宾语从句没有词意,只起连接作用,用来引导意思完整的陈述句,可以省略。

that引导的宾语从句表示肯定的概念,如希望,相信,知道或说。

例句如下:1.I hear that he will be back in an hour. 我听说他会在一个小时后回来。

2.I hope that it will snow this winter. 我希望今年冬天会下雪。

3.I believe that we shall bee good friends. 我相信我们会成为好朋友。

2)whether/if引导的宾语从句。

whether/if引导的宾语从句词意为是否,在宾语从句中不作成分,不可省略。

通常可以互换,但是介词后面只能用whether,宾语从句中含有or not的只能用whether来引导,即whether和or not在宾语从句中为固定搭配,其他不含or not 的宾语从句可以用whether或if来引导。

例句如下:1.He does not know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not. 他不知道他们周六是否会去植树。

Unit 5 语法专题 定语从句(2)关系副词选择技巧学案 人教版 2019 必修第一册

Unit 5 语法专题 定语从句(2)关系副词选择技巧学案  人教版 2019 必修第一册

第五单元语法突破语法知识精讲Grammar定语从句(Ⅱ)一、关系副词引导的定语从句1.when引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time,day,year,month,week等),且关系词在从句中做时间状语时,定语从句用when引导。

(2)when可以换成“介词+which”。

I still remember the time when(=in which) I was in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。

I have forgotten the exact date when(=on which) this country became independent.我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。

特别提醒当先行词是表示时间的名词时,既可以用when引导定语从句,也可以用that或which引导定语从句,关键要看关系词在定语从句中做何种成分。

若关系词在定语从句中充当状语,则用when引导;若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语,则用that或which引导。

Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗?(that或which做spent的宾语)Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗?(when在从句中做状语)2.where引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示地点的名词(如place,room,mountain,airport等),且关系词在从句中做地点状语时,定语从句用where引导。

(2)where可以换成“介词+which”。

This is the hotel where(=in which) they stayed.这就是他们住过的旅馆。

高中英语新人教版必修一Unit 4语法知识定语从句精讲

高中英语新人教版必修一Unit 4语法知识定语从句精讲

高中英语必修一Unit 4语法知识定语从句精讲【课本例句】诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性1.(教材P50)There were deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls.2.(教材P50)Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.3.(教材P50)The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.4.(教材P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those whowere trapped and to bury the dead.5.(教材P50)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.6.(教材P52)A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.7.Theboy whose father is a teacher is a newclassmate of mine.8.Chinais a country that/which has a long history.【发现总结】1.第2、3、4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词who,在定语从句中作主语。

2.第1、8句中的定语从句使用了关系代词which/that,在定语从句中作主语。

3.第6句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whom,在定语从句中作宾语。

关系代词who/whom常用来指代人;关系代词that/which常用来指代物;关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物。

人教版初中英语语法定语从句 ppt课件

人教版初中英语语法定语从句 ppt课件

步骤三
In which = where
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2020/12/2
关系代词 关系副词
who whom which that whose When where why
先行词 句中作用

主语/宾语
人/物 主语/宾语
人/物 定语
时间 状语
地点 状语
reason 状语
省否
关系代 词在句中 作宾语可 以省略
这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。
She was annoyed by something that I had said.
她为我说的某句话而不高兴。
Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be.
15
深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。
2020/12/2
1引导定语从句2在从句中作一成份3代替先行词在从句中的位置步骤二步骤二步骤三步骤三where步骤一步骤一先行词house带入句子houserighthouseright关系代词关系副词先行词句中作用主语宾语关系代词在句中作宾语可以省略whom宾语which主语宾语whose定语when时间状语where地点状语whyreason状语关系代词whowhom的用法who和whom均只用于指人不用于指事或物其中who在定语从句中用作主语whom在定语从句中用作宾语
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■ 关系代词whose的用法
关系代词whose既可用于指人,也可用于指事或物,它在 定语从句中主要用作定语。如:
She is the woman whose car was stolen. 她就是汽车被盗的 This is the house whose windows were broken. 这就是窗户

人教版九年级unit3英语宾语从句语法专题讲解

人教版九年级unit3英语宾语从句语法专题讲解

时态、
C.what he said
D.what did he say
6、 —Could you please tell me __C__ ?
语序
—Sorry, you can turn to Mr.Lee for help.(2011湖北黄冈)
A.how long can man live without water
C.when arrives the train D.the train when arrives 语序
1、You must remember__A__.(2002)
语序
A.What your teacher said B.What did your teacher say
C.Your teacher said what D.What has your teacher said
B.where you live
语序
C.where are you living
D.where are you live
15、Could you tell me __B__ ?(2011北京市崇文区)
A.when does the train arrive B.when the train arrives
13、—Could you tell me __C__?
—It's twenty minutes by underground.(2011江引苏导泰词州、)
A.how can I get to your school
语序
B.how much it costs to get to your school
B.the post office was
D.was the post office

人教版九年级英语宾语从句语法专题讲解

人教版九年级英语宾语从句语法专题讲解

引导词
语序
时态、语序
10、—Can I join you? —Sure, we are talking about ___ .(2011湖北武汉) D A.when shall we go to the movie B.how can we go there C.who should we go with D.why we like the movie 11、Franklin told them all ____ to be in Britain again.(2011浙江杭 B 州) A.he was how happy B.how happy he was C.how was he happy D.he was happy how 12、I'd like to know ____ .(2011上海市) D A.when will he give back the tape B.whether has he received higher education C.that he has been busy D.whether she will join in our English Evening

2
1.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时, 宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的 任何一种时态。 2.当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时, 宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去 时态,但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客 观真理时,仍然用一般现在时。
1.Do you believe?Zhao Benshan will come to Xuchang next week. Do you believe (that) Zhao Benshan _____come to will Xuchang next week? 2.Bob asked me:" what is she doing?" Bob asked me what she _____ doing. wa 3.The doctor asked Jane:"What has happened to Mike?" s The doctor asked Jane what _____ happened to Mike. had 4.He said:"light travels faster than sound."(2011山东枣庄) He said (that) light ________ faster than sound. travels

人教版英语九年级宾语从句语法详解

人教版英语九年级宾语从句语法详解
他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。
• ④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。如: Whether this is true or not,I can't say. 这是否真的我说不上来。
• ⑤若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。如: Please let me know if you like the cup.可理解为: a.Please let me know whether you like the cup. 请告诉我你是否喜欢这个杯子。 b.If you like the cup,please let me know. 你如果喜欢这个杯子,请告诉我。
注意:只能用whether的一些情况
1.在具有选择意义,与or或or not搭配时,往往用 whether(if…or not也可以使用)。 Let me know whether he will come or not. =Let me know whether or not he will come让我知道他是否 能来。 I don't know whether he does any washing or not. =I don't know whether or not he does any washing 我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
②在介词之后用whether。如: • I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否
喜欢英语。 • I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她
的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。如: He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.

英语人教版必修三 定语从句和名词性从句 语法复习

英语人教版必修三 定语从句和名词性从句 语法复习

名词性从句关系词
作用
1. 连接作用,引导名词性从句
陈述句 that 引导,在从句中不充当任何成分,无任何意义
一般疑问句
几乎都用whether,只有在宾语从句中能用if。 在从句中里面不充当任何成分,但翻译成“是否”。 在从句里面充当主语、宾语或表语:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, whosever, which, whichever
特殊疑问句
在从句里面充当状语、表语:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
• 充当形式主语
– It + be +形容词+ that-从句
– It + be + -ed分词+ that-从句 – It + be +名词+ that-从句 – It +不及物动词+ that-从句
关系副词
where
1. 先行词为everything,all,little,much等不定代词时; 2. 先行词被all,every,no,any,some,little,much, one修饰时; 3. 先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰 时; 4. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;
• 充当形式宾语
– make, find, think, feel, consider, believe等后面有宾语 补足语的时候
it在名词性从句中的特殊地位
so easy
see what
wanna more
no try no high give me five

Unit1限制性定语从句语法讲义人教版高一英语教师版213

Unit1限制性定语从句语法讲义人教版高一英语教师版213

必修第二册Unit 1 限制性定语从句语法讲义20242025学年人教版高一英语英语24字整体教学整体掌握教师版213◆课本原句鉴别语法◆思维导图整体破解◆语法精讲规律探析◆基础巩固练透语法◆能力提升突破考点1. There es a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.2. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that(which) were an important part of Egypt ’s cultural heritage.3. After listening to the scientists who(that) had studied the problem, and citizens who(that) lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.4. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.5. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that(which) did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.I.限制性定语从句的定义起定语作用,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作限制性定语从句。

Unit 1 Grammar 表语从句讲义-高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Grammar 表语从句讲义-高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册unit 1 Grammar表语从句(ThePredicative Clause)一、表语从句的定义:表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语,放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语,用来说明主语是什么或者怎么样。

The problem is puzzling.主语连系动词形容词作表语The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 主语连系动词一个句子作表语一表语从句二、表语从句的构成:系动词+引导词+简单句What I want to say is that I am tired.三、表语从句的用法.可按表语从句的连系动词有:1).最常用连系动词:be(am; is/was; are/were)o一般在句子中译成:“ 日”7E ...China is no longer what she used to be.2).表变化的系动词:get; turn; go; fall; become; grow; come; run。

用法注意:在英语中,系动词一般只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态变化形式,没有其他时态变化形式。

但表变化的这类系动词除外,它们有各种时态变化。

It is becoming colder and colder. The food has gone bad.此处还需注意的是become和turn后接表职业的名词时冠词的有无:Two years later, he became a teacher.但Two years later, he turned teacher.另外,g。

表变化时一般指事情向消极、不好的方面转化。

3).所谓“感官动词”:look; sound; ta ste; smell; fbeL般它们在句子中译成:“・・・起来; ...上去”。

此类系动词为高考高频词。

The food tasted good.食物尝起来很香。

人教版选修一 第一册语法 主语从句

人教版选修一 第一册语法 主语从句

一、主语从句的引导词注意:(1)that引导主语从句时,一般不能省略。

That our team will win the game is clear.明显我们队会赢得比赛。

(2)从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但也有例外。

what从句作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于其表达的含义。

What he told us is reasonable.他告诉我们的事情合情合理。

What I need are some English novels.我需要的是几本英文小说。

(3)当主语从句位于句首时,常用whether引导,而不用if。

Whether he can get the same result is unknown.他是否能得到相同的结果还不知道。

二、that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语的四大句式1.It+be+形容( necessary, right, likely, unlikely, wrong, important, certain, clear, obvious, strange, normal等) + that从句It isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that.我不可能接受像那样的帮助。

2.It+be+名词(短语)(a pity,a shame,good news,a fact,an honour,a wonder,no wonder 等)+that从句It’s no wonder that he didn’t want to go.难怪他不想去。

3.It+be+过去分词(said,told,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,remembered,thought,con sidered,well-known,announced等)+that从句It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一已经定下来了。

2022年人教版高考英语语法复习 第7讲 定语从句

2022年人教版高考英语语法复习  第7讲  定语从句

模块四五彩缤纷的从句:三大从句和特殊句式第7讲定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中作定语,修饰名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。

考点一关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词一览表关系代词先行词句法功能who 人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom 人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(=of人或物定语whom/of which)that 人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语which 物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语as 人或物主语、宾语、表语1. 限制性定语从句中, 当先行词表示事物时,只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。

※If I run into anything that might interest you, I’ll send it your way.※We cannot say that none that we saw on TV were true.(2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。

※ After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。

※That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city.※When it comes to Jinan, the first that comes to mind is the spring water. (4)先行词既有人又有物时。

※My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。

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语法专讲之从句-人教版第一讲名词性从句1.主语从句(1)引导主语从句的关联代词不达意和关联副词如下:who, what, which, whichever, whatever, whoever, when, where, how, why例:What you need is more practice.When we shall have our meeting is still a question.Who will go to the conference is not important.(2)形式主语it主语从句可以放在句子后部,而用it 作形式主语放在句首,尤其是连词that 引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中。

即:it +be+adj.+that-clause。

但是,what, whatever, whoever, whichever 引导的主语从句一般不后置。

例:It is certain(that) he will come.It’s a pity(that)you missed such a good journey.It won’t make too much difference when we will start.(3) what和that引导的主语从句的区别:what作为关联代词,引导主语从句时,在从句中必须充当句子成分;而that作为连词,引阳主语从句时,其本身没有实际的意义,不充当句子成分,在句首时不能省略。

例:What I want to know is your address.That they ask for better living and working conditions is right.要特别注意连词that 用于其中的这种句型:It + be +p.p. + that-clause 例如:It is said that in China there are 50 million people with disabilities.It is hoped that the blacks will have equal rights.(4)whatever, whoever, whichever 引导的主语从句:whatever, 相当于anything that, 是 what 的强调形式,表示“什么都,任何的事或物”。

例如:Whatever she does is ridiculous.Whoever是who的强调形式,相当于anyone who ,表示“任何……的人都,凡是……的人都”。

例如:Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.Which ever “ 无论哪个;无论哪些”,既指人,也指物;可以单独使用,也可修饰名词,可以跟of 短语连用。

例如:Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a helping hand to others.Whichever book you borrow doesn’t matter to me.(5)whether 和if 引导的主语从句的区别:whether 引导的主语从句可放在句首,也可放在后面,但if引导的主语从句一般放在句尾。

例如:Wh ether I’ll go there is not decided.It is not decided whether/if I’ll go there.2.宾语从句(1)宾语从句中的虚拟语气a. desire(愿望),demand(要求),insist(坚决要求),order(命令),request(请求),suggest(建议),propose(提议,建议)等词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,宾语从句的谓语形式有两种:should + 不带to 的不定式,或者省略should,直接用不带to 的不定式。

例如:He insisted that she (should)stay here for another week.They suggested that we(should)start at once.b. wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,宾语从句的谓语形式有三种情况,请观察下列例名:I wish they would stop fighting.(表示对将来的愿望)I wish I could fly.(表示对现在的愿望)I wish I were(口语was) as rich as he.(表示对现在的愿望)He wishes he had tried more things at college.(表示对过去的愿望)(2)及物动词和短语动词的宾语从句在许多动词(如believe, know, think)之后that 皆可用可不用;在某些动词如(answer, imply)之后则一般需要用that. That也常出现在像assure, convince, inform, instruct sb. That, remind sb. That, tell sb. That之后。

在较长的句子里,特别在“that-从句“与动词隔开时(即:及物动词后面跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时),that一般皆不可省。

例如:Everybody knows(that)money doesn’t grow on trees.He answered that he would go.The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that I could have the money without delay.短语动词(不及物动词+介词)不能跟“that从句”。

例如:He boasted about his success. = He boasted that he was successful.但以疑问词不达意开关的名词性从句前面的介词则不可省去。

例如:He boasted about how successful he was.(3)介词的宾语从句介词except, in, but后可以跟“that从句”,但在介词及短语动词后多跟“the fact that从句”。

例如:He has no special faults except that he doesn’t try hard to learn from others.His love of literature was due to the fact that his mother read poetary to him when he was a child.The fact that 从句常跟在诸如 because of , in view of(鉴于),on account of(由于),owing to(由于),due to(由于),in spite of(不管),despite(不管),等之后。

(4)形容词的宾语从句在许多描述个人情感的形容词(如:afraid,glad,happy,pleased,sorry)或者是表示确信无疑的形容词(如certain,sure)之后皆可跟“that从句”,that可以省略。

例如:I’m sure(that)you’ll win.I’m afraid(that) we’ve sold out of tickets.(5)whether和if引导的宾语从句在动词和少数用于否定的形容词,如not sure和not certain之后,whether和if 两者都可以用。

例如:I wonder if(whether)Jack can swim in such a wide river.I’m not sure if(whether)my son can come back on time.3.表语从句(1)that和what引导的表语从句的区别:that在引导的表语从句中,充当连词的作用,没有实际意义,不作句子成分;what在引导的表语从句中,充当连接代词的作用,代替the thing(s) that,作句子成分。

例如:Our plan is that we’ll go there once a week.That’s what he said.(2)引导表语从句时,用whether,不能用if .例如:The question is whether he has signed the contract. (不能用if)(3)reason后面的表语从句用that 引导。

请比较下面两个复合句。

You must tell him the reason why ,that you won’t accept his offer.The reason why we don’t trust him is that(口语用because)he has often lied .4.同位语从句(1)能跟同位语从句的名词idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt等名词后面,可以跟that 或者连接代词、连接副词引导的同位语从句。

同位语从句只是对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面的名词具体的含义。

例如:We are surprised at the fact that the children did it all on their own.They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Germany again.(2)同位语从句和定语从句的区别:that 作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。

试比较下面两个例句。

The suggestion(that) he raised at the meeting is very good.(作宾语时,可以省略)The suggestion that the students(should)have plenty of exercise is very good.(3)引导同位语从句时,用whether,不能用if .例如:The question whether the Prime Minister should resign must be decided soon.【典型例题】1._______we can’t get seem s better than _______we have.A. What; whatB. What; thatC. That; thatD. That; what2. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______her or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whereverD. whenever3.-Do you remember_____ he came ?---Yes, I do, he came by car.A. how B .when C. that D. if4._____we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where5. _____is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It【强化训练提高】1.Go and get your coat, It’s ____you left it.A. thereB. whereC. there whereD. where there2. It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning grey.A. whileB. thatC. ifD. for3. The question is ______ the film is worth seeing.A. ifB. whatC. whetherD. how4. One of the men held the view _____ the book said was right.A. that whatB. what thatC. thatD. whether5. They received orders _____the work be done at once .A. whichB. whenC. /D. that6. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge ,I can’t remember_____.A. whereB. thereC. whichD. that7. ---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.---Is that _____you had a few days off ?A. whyB. whenC. whatD. where8. The step-mother was punishing the poor girl, but she insisted that she _____the flower vase.A. didn’t breakB. not breakC. doesn’t breakD. shouldn’t break9. Can you make sure _____the gold ring ?A. where she had putB. where had she putC. where she has putD. where has she put10. Rose looks pale. What do you think ____to her?A. that has happenedB. to have happenedC. that has been happenedD. has happened11. I wish it ____fine tomorrow.A. would beB. will beC. isD. to being12. He has come , but I didn’t know that he ____ untilyesterday.A. is comingB. will comeC. was comingD. wasn’t coming13. Energy is ____ makes thing work.A. whatB. everythingC. somethingD. that14. The reason ____ I have to go is ____ my mother is ill in bed.A. why; whyB. why; becauseC. why; thatD. that; because15. He often thinks of ____ he can do more for his county.A. whatB. howC. thatD. which16. He does not think the question of____ they are men or women is important.A. whetherB. ifC. whichD. why17. It was ordered that all the soldiers ____ to the front.A. should sendB. must be sendC. should be sendD. must go18. I wish I ____ that mistake in my examination.A. did not makeB. have not makeC. do not makeD. had not made19. Air is to us ____ water is to fish.A. is thatB. whatC. whichD. that第二讲状语从句1.时间状语从句通常由从属连词when, whenever, as, while, before, after, as soon as, till(until), since, once(一旦)等引导。

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