高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技巧和练习

高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧与练习做阅读理解，最怕遇到生词，不仅影响文章的理解，也会拖慢阅读速度，而在阅读理解当中，生词又是不可避免的，如何解决呢？

Part 1：知识点讲解

1类属法

即通过类属来推测词义。如：

■ Bananas,oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.

说明：从句意我们知道pineapples 和coconuts 与bananas, oranges是同类事物，同属水果(准确地说是“菠萝”和“椰子”)。

2推理法

即根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义。如：

■Thatmuseum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in oneday.

说明：既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，那么immense 的意思应该是“很大”了。

■Everyoneagreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why sh e hadwon the beauty contest.

说明：既然“她在选美比赛中获胜”，说明她“很美丽”(gorgeous)。

3列举法

即通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义。如：

■Childrenlike such creatures as dogs and monkeys.

说明：像dogs 和monkeys 之类的“creatures”，显然creatures的意思应是“动物”。

■In yourspare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, NewsWeek, or The New Worker.

说明：periodical是生词，但根据其后所列举的例子，我们可以推测出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“杂志”。

4构词法

即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义。如：

■Overworkmay cause diseases.

说明：前缀over- 的意思是“过分的，过量的”，故overwork的意思应为“工作过度”。

■Therewas a dissatisfied look in the manager’s eyes.

说明：satisfied的意思是“满意的”，前缀dis- 的意思是“不”，故dissatisfied 的意思应该是“不满意的”。

5对比法

即根据文章前后的对比关系确定生词的词义。如：

■He hadbeen getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated .

说明：句中的but 表明deteriorate 应该与get better 的意思相反，即“恶化”。

■In manycou ntries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.

说明：上文说两个经济上的极端，那么下文中penury 应与great wealth 相对，即表示“贫困”。

■Mrs.Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.

说明：while 表对比，意为“而”，所以loquacious 应是silent 的反义，即“多嘴的”。

■If youagree, dr aw a circle; and a cross if you dissent.

说明：既然画圈表示同意，那么画叉便是“不同意”(dissent)。

6同位法

同位语是对所修饰词语的进一步说明和解释，若对所修饰的词语不熟悉，可通过其后同位语的“说明或解释”来确定其词义。如：

■Hisfather is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language.

说明：同位语thestudy of the sounds of language 表示phonetics 的意思应该是“语音学”。

■Jean wasborn with spina bifida, a birth illness that damages the spine(脊骨).

说明：同位语a birthillness that damages the spine 表明了spinabifida 是一种病，一种对脊骨有损害的病。

7释义法

即根据文章中所提供的释义关系来确定生词的词义。如：

■Theydescribed him as a loon, or a mad man.

说明：句中的or 是对loon的解释，即loon与a mad man同义，即表示“疯子”。

■It willbe very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily.

说明：句中的that is 表明it willbreak easily 是对brittle 的解释，从而猜测出其意为“脆”。

■Theherdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 500 yuan a year.

说明：定语从句wholooks after sheep 表明herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。

■Thereare three kinds of snow. One kind is a fluffy snow that is somewhat dry andfeathery?

说明：定语从句that issomewhat dry and feathery(有点儿干、像羽毛似的)表明fluffysnow 的意思可能是“鹅毛大雪”。

8常识法

即根据普通常识推测生词的词义。如：

■It’ssaid that Bil l Gates is the most affluent person in the world.

说明：根据常识，BillGates 为世界首富，所以affluent 可能是“富有的”

■As ascientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances.

说明：根据常识，Edison为发明大王，他应因“发明”而闻名于世。

Part 2：例题解析

Eg 1：But he’s nervous.＂I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…＂Chris trips on the＂-ld,＂a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.＂…Vote for …me …＂Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.

1. What does the underlined word ＂stumbles＂in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Improper pauses.

B. Bad manners.

C. Spelling mistakes.

D. Silly jokes.

【答案】A 【解析】本题考查词义猜测。由第二段中提到的Chris trips on the “-ld”, a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers 以及except for some stumbles , Chris is doing amazingly well可知这里的划线单词stumbles指的是演讲中的不足即前文提到的发音问题导致的不适当的停顿。故此题选A。

Eg 2：Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialization. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English．Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

2. Which of the following best explains"dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？