计算机操作系统英文论文
操作系统英文论文
development of computer operating systemAbstract: the operating system is a unified management of computer software and hardware resources, rational organization of computer work flow, coordination between system components, the relationship between system and user, and the user's. The paper analyzed and discussed the simple the computer operating system function, development and classification.Keywords: computer operating system development1 operating system functions (1) the management of computer systems, hardware, software, data and other resources, as far as possible, reduce artificial resource allocation and human intervention on the machine, use the computer automatic work efficiency. (2) coordination and all kinds of resources in the process of using, makes use of scheduling the resources of the computer, high speed and low speed running equipment with each other. (3) provides for the use of computer system environment for the user, is convenient to use a computer system components or functions. Operating system through their own procedures, will be provided the resources of the computer system function abstraction, forming the operating system and the equivalent function, and vividly demonstrated, provide users with an easy to use the computer. The development of the2 operating system2.1 the manual stage. At this stage of the computer, the main components of electronic tubes, slow computing speed, without any software, no operating system. The user directly using the machine language program, computer completely manual, first of all the prepared program tape into the input unit, and then start the program and data input into the computer, then through the switch to start running, the calculation is completed, the printer output. The user must be very professional and technical personnel to realize the control of the computer.2.2 batch processing stage. Since twentieth Century 50 time metaphase, the main components of the computer by transistors replaced, running speed has been greatly improved, the software also began to develop rapidly, the operating system early, it is early for a user to submit the procedures for monitoring program and batch processing software management.The 2.3 stage of multiprogramming system. With the extensive application of integrated circuit, small scale in the computer system, the moving velocity of CPU is greatly improved, in order to improve the utilization rate of CPU, introduces the multi programming technology, and the emergence of the hardware support of the specialized agencies of multiprogramming, during this period, in order to further improve the utilization efficiency of CPU, appearedbatch processing system, a time-sharing system and so on, resulting in a more powerful supervision program, and quickly developed into an important branch of computer science, is the operating system. Referred to as the traditional operating system. The 2.4 stage of modern operating system. The large-scale, the ultra large scale integrated circuit development rapidly, the microprocessor, the system structure of computer optimization, the running speed of the computer to improve, but the volume is greatly reduced, personal computer and portable computer and general and. The utility model has the advantages of clear structure, comprehensive functions, and can adapt to a variety of purposes and use.Classification of 3 operating systemFrom the application point of view can be divided into two kinds of special and general. The special operating system refers to the operating system control and management of the special things, such as used in modern mobile phone operating system, this system is usually appear in the embedded hardware, for the specific way. General operating system has perfect function, can adapt to the needs of a variety of purposes.Can be divided into single operating system and network operating system from the angle of stand-alone and network. Computeroperating system is the single computer system environment design, it is only the management system of the machine that resource function. A single user operating system is a single operating system is more special, it is for a machine, a user designed operating system, its basic characteristic is can support only one user at a time of operation, all the resources of the exclusive system user, the user has the absolute control of the whole a computer system.Can be divided into the batch processing system, a time-sharing system, real-time system, network system, distributed system from the angle of function. Batch processing system, time-sharing system running environment and real-time systems are computer systems, operating environment and the two operating system is the multi computer system.3.1 batch processing system. The basic characteristics of batch system is "batch". Going to a plurality of operation organization of computer processing into the queue batch to the computer automatically according to the job queue one by one in the order processing. It can be divided into the single batch processing and batch processing system. Simple batch processing system, one can only call a processing operation in computer, other work on secondary storage, which is similar to the single user operatingsystem. The computer in the operation processing time consumption, mainly has two aspects, one is consumed in the CPU program, on the other hand is consumed in the input and output. As a result of the implementation of program input and output device speed relative to CPU slow many, leading to the computer input and output when CPU is idle. In order to improve the efficiency of the use of COU, appeared a batch processing system. It is different with the single channel batch system is in the computer memory can have multiple operation, the scheduler according to predetermined strategy, choose a job CPU resources allocated to it running, when processing operations to enter the input and output operation, on the release of CPU from the possession, the scheduler to handle other memory in the choice of a given CPU execution, so, it improves the efficiency of CPU.3.2time-sharing system.Time is aresource of two or more than two events in a time division of rotation using thecomputer system.In a system using acomputer if multiple users,sothis system has become a time-sharing system.The timeunit is called time slices,a slice of time is generally tensof milliseconds.In atime-sharing system,often to connect dozens or even hundreds of terminal,each user control the homework in his terminaloperation.Through the operatingsystemmanagement,CPU turns assigned to each user,if auser operation in theassigned to him another time slicecontinues.The CPU is assigned toanother user operation. 3.3 real time system.Real-timeprocessing and give the results of treatment.Real time systems are generallydesign method based on time driven,system can make timely response and timely processing of any event.Real time system for real-time control system and real time processing system.Automatic control of real-time control system used inindustrial controland aircraft,missilesand other military aspects.Real time processing system is used to reserve a plane ticket,flight information and bankaccount system.3.4 network operating system.With the rapid development of computer technologyand network technology is increasingly perfect,more computer systemindependent processing ability of different regions through thecommunicationinfrastructure interconnection, to achieve resource sharing, computer network, has become a more open work environment.But the network operating system alsoemerge as the times require. In addition toall the function has a single operating system network operating system, also has the cybersource management function, support for web applications to run.3.5 distributed operating system.Distributed operating system is theoperating system of distributed computersystem configuration. Distributed computer systemand computer network, computersystem of multiple communication through the Internet, realize the sharing of resources, but the difference is all in a computer system, nosecondary, eachcomputer system with the relativeautonomy, users access to sharedresources, do not need toknow the shared resources are located in which computer,ifany, multi computer system can be a task to collaborate, is canbe a task is divided into several sub tasks distributed tomultiple computers at the same time, the parallel execution. A commercial operating system usually includes a batch processing system, a time-sharing system, real-time system, network system, distributed system and other aspects of thefunction. Different operating system according to the location for its intended use and user oriented, the various functions inthe intensity difference.4 execution systemTechnical backgroundIn twentieth Century 1, 60 time metaphase, computer hardware for the development of two aspects, one is the channel isintroduced, two is theinterruption technology, the two major achievements led to the operating system into execution system. 2, channel: an input / output dedicated processor, it can control one or more peripheral work, responsible for theinformation transmission betweenperipheral equipment and main memory. Once it is started, can run independently of CPU, so it can make the CPU and channel paralleloperation, and CPUand various external devices can operate in parallel.3, interrupt technology: when the host receives the external hardware (such as I/O) signal to the originalwork, stop immediately, to deal with the incident, in the processing of finished, the host back to the original point to work.4, with the help of channel technology, interrupttechnology, work input and output can be completedin host control.The working processAt this time, monitor the original is not only responsiblefor schedulingautomatic operation, but also to provide input and output control functions(i.e., the user can not directly use startthe peripheral instruction, its input / output requests mustbe through the system to perform its function) than theoriginal increase.Monitor the development of permanent memory, calledthe execution system.Characteristic.1, the execution system than offline processing step forward, it saves the satellite machine, reduces the cost, but also can support parallel operationbetween the host and the channel, the host and peripherals.Input and output 2, user programs is entrusted to perform system implementation, the legality of executivesystem check command, to improve the security of the system. 3, the popularity of batch processing system and the implementation of the system, the automatic control function of the standard file management system and external equipment. During this period, library and more complex and huge, random access device (such as a disk, drum) have begun to replace tape asa storage.4, the high-level language is more mature and diverse.The new technology of the 5 operating systemThe new operating system from the technical point of view, it includes theoperating system structure design of microkernel operating system software design technology and object oriented technology.5.1 micro kernel operating system technologyA prominent idea in the design of modern operating system is thecomposition and function more operating system to a higher level (usermode) to run, leaving a smaller kernel, use it to complete the basicfunctions of the core operating system, called this technique for micro kernel (Microkernel) technology.5.2 object oriented operating system technologyObject oriented operating system refers to the operatingsystem based on object model. At present, many existing operating system using object-oriented technology, suchas Windows, NT etc.. Object oriented has become an important symbol of a new generation of operating system.The development status of the 6 operating systemSince the mid twentieth Century since the birth of theelectronic computer,has made great progress in the research of computer operating system.Now, the operating system into all aspects of social life, relates to the application field of large scalecomputer, personal computer, mobile devices, andother automation equipment all levels of. In the development course of decades, emerge as the times require various operating system,now is the most representative of Windows, Unix andL inux three operating system. They are the most mature of computer science and technology, the largest contribution Application of 7 future operating system will be more and more extensiveWith the expansion of application needs powerful operating system function,technical progress, people, the next 20 years, the operating system will be more widely used in more and more fields. For example, its application in the field of mobilephone. On a recent MWC2010 exhibition, Bada,Windows Phone 7, MeeGo and Symbian^3 four new platforms haveappeared, a mobile phone operating system of "war of the worlds". At the Mobile World Congress this year, we saw many excellent mobile phoneterminal, some products will become in 2010 the market star products.However, compared with the mobile phone, the new operating systemappeared in this exhibition are more worthy of attention. When the intelligentmobile phone has become a mobile phone market is getting more and more important field, operating system as the basis of the industrial inthe longertime, the deeper level. There are 3 major operating system currently used3G terminal, Symbian, Windows Mobile and Linux. Among them, the largest market share as the number of Symbian, followed by WindowsMobile and L i n u X. Each has its own merits. these operatingsystem inmobility, performance, scalability, modularity, power consumption and so on, in the market also wants to expand its sphere of influence, to achievethe purpose of rule all the land, as to who wins and who loses, there is a game process. But up to now, the operating system is in development to adirection, namely universality, openness and ease of use. Asthe operating system used in intelligent mobile phone field, believe that the futureoperating system will certainly have a broader field, it reappears in more fields.8 future operating system -- higher security, more personalized, more intelligent8.1 more securityWith the development of the popularization ofcomputer and network, more and more people rely on the computer, the same to the information securityrequirements are also getting higher and higher. I think the future operatingsystem should be in the security function is verystable, not what like viruses, like the popular anti-virus software, there should be no soprosperous. Future operating system should at least get improvement in the security of file system and procedures for the implementation of the safety of these two aspects. We often use the QQ software Tencent there would be serious security problems, the password is often other people fromstealing,stealing coins and false deceptive occurrence news pheno menon in thegroup. Believe that the future operating system can enhance the system security from the ground.8.2 more personalizedPublicity personality in this era, "unity" is no longer youngpeople pursuit of the goal, we should have its own characteristics. In the future, everyone can according to their own preferences, in order to provide basic function as the basis, design of its own operating system, deep within the system, optimize and modify. As now the development of theInternet makes each individual website development possible, with the perfect future operating systemfunction (the development of individual personality system provides simpleplatform), we can develop our own simple operating system.8.3 more intelligentOperating system through speech recognition or more advanced technology, understand the intention of the operator. For example, it canremember the operation habits of users, and will be recorded. Whenencountered the same situation, users do not need to carefully explain,operating system can also be understood; because there are many peopleon the operating system are not familiar with, can use the mouse to some of the most simple operation, intelligent operating system to be solved, such as more human interface oriented, more simple operation, let more peopleeasy to understand the operationof various orders between the relationship; in the distant place, we can through the remote controlcommand operating system; the future computer boot time will be shorterthan now, open theTV time is short.。
操作系统英文作文
操作系统英文作文Operating systems are like the managers of our computers. They control how the hardware and software work together, making sure everything runs smoothly.Without an operating system, our computers would just be a bunch of electronic parts. It's the operating system that gives our computers their personality and allows us to interact with them.There are many different operating systems out there, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Some are better for gaming, while others are better for business. It all depends on what you want to do with your computer.One of the most important jobs of an operating systemis to manage the computer's resources. This includes things like memory, processing power, and storage. Without proper resource management, our computers would slow down or even crash.Operating systems also handle security. They protect our computers from viruses, malware, and other digital threats. This is crucial for keeping our personal information safe.Another key role of operating systems is to provide a user interface. This is what allows us to interact with our computers, whether it's through a graphical interface or a command line. Without a user interface, using a computer would be a lot more complicated.In conclusion, operating systems are the unsung heroes of our computers. They do all the behind-the-scenes work that allows us to use our computers for work, play, and everything in between. Without them, our computers would be nothing more than expensive paperweights.。
关于计算机的英语文章
关于计算机的英语文章随着现代信息技术的迅猛发展，计算机已经广泛地应用到社会的各行各业，人们渴望学习这种“人类通用智力工具”。
下面是店铺带来的关于计算机的英语文章，欢迎大家阅读!关于计算机的英语文章篇一系统软件Software refers to computer programs. Programs are the instructions that tell the computer how to process data into the form you want. There are two kinds of software: system software and application software.软件指的是计算机程序。
程序是告诉计算机如何将数据处理成你想要的形式的指令。
有两种软件：系统软件和应用软件。
System software is a collection of programs that enables application software to run on a computer system's hardware devices, it is background software and includes programs that help the computer manage its own internal resources.系统软件是指能让应用软件在计算机系统硬件设备上运行的程序的集合，它是后台软件并且包括帮助计算机管理自己内部资源的程序。
Application software is a specialized programs that enables the user toaccomplish specific tasks.应用软件是让用户能够完成特定任务的专门程序。
In this text, we mainly discuss system software.System software consists of four kinds of programs: bootstrap loader, diagnostic routines, basic input-output system, and operating system. Among these four parts, the operating system is we most concerned with, whith helps manage computer resources. Most important operating systems are: Windows, Windows NT, OS/2, Macintosh, and Unix.在这一节中，我们主要讨论系统软件。
计算机操作系统英文论文
Introduction to the operating system of the new technology Abstract:the Operating System (Operating System, referred to as OS) is an important part of a computer System is an important part of the System software, it is responsible for managing the hardware and software resources of the computer System and the working process of the entire computer coordination between System components, systems and between users and the relationship between the user and the user. With the appearance of new technology of the operating system functions on the rise. Operating system as a standard suite must satisfy the needs of users as much as possible, so the system is expanding, function of increasing, and gradually formed from the development tools to system tools and applications of a platform environment. To meet the needs of users. In this paper, in view of the operating system in the core position in the development of computer and technological change has made an analysis of the function of computer operating system, development and classification of simple analysis and elaborationKey words: computer operating system, development,new technology Operating system is to manage all the computer system hardware resources include software and data resources; Control program is running; Improve the man-machine interface; Provide support for other application software, etc., all the computer system resourcesto maximize the role, to provide users with convenient, efficient, friendly service interface.The operating system is a management computer hardware and software resources program, is also the kernel of the computer system and the cornerstone. Operating system have such as management and configuration memory, decided to system resources supply and demand of priorities, control input and output devices, file system and other basic network operation and management affairs. Operating system is to manage all the computer system hardware resources include software and data resources; Control program is running; Improve the man-machine interface; Provide support for other application software, etc., all the computer system resources to maximize the role, to provide users with convenient, efficient, friendly service interface. Operating system is a huge management control procedures, including roughly five aspects of management functions, processes and processor management, operation management, storage management, equipment management, file management. At present the common operating system on microcomputer DOS, OS / 2, UNIX, XENIX, LINUX, Windows, Netware, etc. But all of the operating system with concurrency, sharing, four basic characteristics of virtual property and uncertainty. At present there are many different kinds of operating system, it is difficultto use a single standard unified classification. Divided according to the application field, can be divided into the desktop operating system, server operating system, the host operating system, embedded operating system.1．The basic introduction of the operating system（1）The features of the operating systemManagement of computer system hardware, software, data and other resources, as far as possible to reduce the work of the artificial allocation of resources and people to the machine's intervention, the computer automatically work efficiency into full play.Coordinate the relationship between and in the process of using various resources, make the computer's resources use reasonable scheduling, both low and high speed devices running with each other.To provide users with use of a computer system environment, easy to use parts of a computer system or function. Operating system, through its own procedures to by all the resources of the computer system provides the function of the abstract, the function of the formation and the equivalent of the operating system, and image, provide users with convenient to use the computer.（2）The development of the operating systemOperating system originally intended to provide a simple sorting ability to work, after updating for auxiliary more complex hardwarefacilities and gradual evolution.Starting from the first batch mode, also come time sharing mechanism, in the era of multiprocessor comes, the operating system also will add a multiprocessor coordination function, even the coordination function of distributed systems. The evolution of the other aspects also like this.On the other hand, on a personal computer, personal computer operating system of the road, following the growth of the big computer is becoming more and more complex in hardware, powerful, and practice in the past only large computer functions that it step by step.Manual operation stage. At this stage of the computer, the main components is tube, speed slow, no software, no operating system. User directly using a machine language program, hands-on completely manual operation, the first will be prepared machine program tape into the input, and then start the machine input the program and data into a computer, and then through the switch to start the program running and computing, after the completion of the printer output. The user must be very professional and technical personnel to achieve control of the computer.Batch processing stage. Due to the mid - 1950 - s, the main components replaced by the transistor computer, running speed hadthe very big enhancement, the software also began to develop rapidly, appeared in the early of the operating system, it is the early users to submit the application software for management and monitoring program of the batch.Multiprogramming system phase. As the medium and small-scale integrated circuit widely application in computer systems, the CPU speed is greatly increased, in order to improve the utilization rate of CPU and multiprogramming technology is introduced, and the special support multiprogramming hardware organization, during this period, in order to further improve the efficiency of CPU utilization, a multichannel batch system, time-sharing system, etc., to produce more powerful regulatory process, and quickly developed into an important branch of computer science, is the operating system. Collectively known as the traditional operating system.Modern operating systems. Large-scale, the rapid development of vlsi rapidly, a microprocessor, optimization of computer architecture, computer speed further improved, and the volume is greatly reduced, for personal computers and portable computer appeared and spread. Its the biggest advantage is clear structure, comprehensive functions, and can meet the needs of the many USES and operation aspects.2. New technology of the operating systemFrom the standpoint of the operating system of the new technology, it mainly includes the operating system structure design of the micro kernel technology and operating system software design of the object-oriented technology.(1) The microkernel operating system technologyA prominent thought in the design of modern operating systems is the operating system of the composition and function of more on a higher level to run (i.e., user mode), and leave a small kernel as far as possible, use it to complete the core of the operating system is the most basic function, according to the technology for micro kernel (Microkernel) technology.The microkernel structure(1) Those most basic, the most essential function of the operatingsystem reserved in the kernel(2)Move most of the functionality of the operating system intothe kernel, and each operating system functions exist in theform of a separate server process, and provide services.(3)In user space outside of the kernel including all operatingsystem, service process also includes the user's applicationprocess. Between these processes is the client/server mode.Micro kernel contains the main ingredient(1) Interrupt and the exception handling mechanism(2)Interprocess communication mechanisms(3)The processor scheduling mechanism(4)The basic mechanism of the service functionThe realization of the microkernelMicro kernel implementation "micro" is a major problem and performance requirements of comprehensive consideration. To do "micro" is the key to implementation mechanism and strategy, the concept of separation. Due to the micro kernel is the most important of news communication between processes and the interrupt processing mechanism, the following briefly describes the realization of both.Interprocess communication mechanismsCommunication service for the client and the server is one of the main functions of the micro kernel, is also the foundation of the kernel implement other services. Whether to send the request and the server reply messages are going through the kernel. Process of news communication is generally through the port (port). A process can have one or more ports, each port is actually a message queue or message buffer, they all have a unique port ID (port) and port authority table, the table is pointed out that this process can be interactive communications and which process. Ports ID and kernel power table maintenance.Interrupt processing mechanismMicro-kernel structure separation mechanism will interrupt and the interrupt processing, namely the interrupt mechanism on micro kernel, and put the interrupt handling in user space corresponding service process. Micro kernel interruption mechanism, is mainly responsible for the following work:(1) When an interrupt occurs to identify interrupt;(2) Put the interrupt signal interrupt data structure mapping tothe relevant process;(3) The interrupt is transformed into a message;(4) Send a message to the user space in the process of port, butthe kernel has nothing to do with any interrupt handling.(5) Interrupt handling is to use threads in a system.The advantages of the microkernel structure(1) Safe and reliableThe microkernel to reduce the complexity of the kernel, reduce the probability of failure, and increases the security of the system.(2) The consistency of the interfaceWhen required by the user process services, all based on message communication mode through the kernel to the server process. Therefore, process faces is a unified consistent processescommunication interface.(3) Scalability of the systemSystem scalability is strong, with the emergence of new hardware and software technology, only a few change to the kernel.(4) FlexibilityOperating system has a good modular structure, can independently modify module and can also be free to add and delete function, so the operating system can be tailored according to user's need.(5) CompatibilityMany systems all hope to be able to run on a variety of different processor platform, the micro kernel structure is relatively easy to implement.(6) Provides support for distributed systemsOperating under the microkernel structure system must adopt client/server mode. This model is suitable for distributed systems, can provide support for distributed systems.The main drawback of microkernelUnder the micro-kernel structure, a system service process need more patterns (between user mode and kernel mode conversion) and process address space of the switch, this increases costs, affected the speed of execution.3 .Object-oriented operating system technologyObject-oriented operating system refers to the operating system based on object model. At present, there have been many operating system used the object-oriented technology, such as Windows NT, etc. Object-oriented has become a new generation of an important symbol of the operating system.The core of object-oriented conceptsIs the basic idea of object-oriented to construct the system as a series of collections of objects. The object refers to a set of data and the data of some basic operation encapsulated together formed by an entity. The core of object-oriented concept includes the following aspects:(1) EncapsulationIn object-oriented encapsulation is the meaning of a data set and the data about the operation of the packaging together, form a dynamic entity, namely object. Encapsulated within the request object code and data to be protected.(2) InheritanceInheritance refers to some object can be inherited some features and characteristics of the object.(3) PolymorphismPolymorphism refers to a name a variety of semantics, or the same interface multiple implementations. Polymorphism inobject-oriented languages is implemented by overloading and virtual functions.(4) The messageNews is the way of mutual requests and mutual cooperation between objects. An object through the message to activate another object. The message typically contains a request object identification and information necessary to complete the work.Object-oriented operating systemIn object-oriented operating system, the object as a concurrent units, all system resources, including documents, process and memory blocks are considered to be an object, such as the operating system resources are all accomplished through the use of object services.The advantages of object-oriented operating system:(1)Can reduce operating system throughout its life period whena change is done to the influence of the system itself.For example, if the hardware has changed, will force the operating system also changes, in this case, as long as change the object representing the hardware resources and the operation of the object of service, and those who use only do not need to change the object code.(2)Operating system access to its resources and manipulation are consistent .Operating system to produce an event object, delete, and reference, and it produces reference, delete, and a process object using the same method, which is implemented by using a handle to the object. Handle to the object, refers to the process to a particular object table in the table.(3)Security measures to simplify the operating system.Because all the objects are the same way, so when someone tries to access an object, security operating system will step in and approved, regardless of what the object is.(4)Sharing resources between object for the process provides a convenient and consistent approach.Object handle is used to handle all types of objects. The operating system can by tracking an object, how many handle is opened to determine whether the object is still in use. When it is no longer used, the operating system can delete the object.ConclusionIn the past few decades of revolutionary changes have taken place in the operating system: technological innovation, the expansionof the user experience on the upgrade, application field and the improvement of function. As in the past few decades, over the next 20 years there will be huge changes in operating system. See we now use the operating system is very perfect. Believe that after the technology of the operating system will still continue to improve, will let you use the more convenient. Believe that the operating system in the future will make our life and work more colorful.。
计算机专业外文文献翻译--Linux—网络时代的操作系统
英文参考文献及翻译Linux - Operating system of cybertimesThough for a lot of people , regard Linux as the main operating system to make up huge work station group, finish special effects of " Titanic " make , already can be regarded as and show talent fully. But for Linux, this only numerous news one of. Recently, the manufacturers concerned have announced that support the news of Linux to increase day by day, users' enthusiasm to Linux runs high unprecedentedly too. Then, Linux only have operating system not free more than on earth on 7 year this piece what glamour, get the favors of such numerous important software and hardware manufacturers as the masses of users and Orac le , Informix , HP , Sybase , Corel , Intel , Netscape , Dell ,etc. , OK?1.The background of Linux and characteristicLinux is a kind of " free (Free ) software ": What is called free,mean users can obtain the procedure and source code freely , and can use them freely , including revise or copy etc.. It is a result of cybertimes, numerous technical staff finish its research and development together through Inte rnet, countless user is it test and except fault , can add user expansion function that oneself make conveniently to participate in. As the most outstanding one in free software, Linux has characteristic of the following:(1)Totally follow POSLX standard, expand the network operatingsystem of supporting all AT&T and BSD Unix characteristic. Because of inheritting Unix outstanding design philosophy , and there are clean , stalwart , high-efficient and steady kernels, their all key codes are finished by Li nus Torvalds and other outstanding programmers, without any Unix code of AT&T or Berkeley, so Linu x is not Unix, but Linux and Unix are totally compatible.(2)Real many tasks, multi-user's system, the built-in networksupports, can be with such seamless links as NetWare , Windows NT , OS/2 , Unix ,etc.. Network in various kinds of Unix it tests to be fastest in comparing and assess efficiency. Support such many kinds of files systems as FAT16 , FAT32 , NTFS , Ex t2FS , ISO9600 ,etc. at the same time .(3) Can operate it in many kinds of hardwares platform , including such processors as Alpha , SunSparc , PowerPC , MIPS ,etc., to various kinds of new-type peripheral hardwares, can from distribute on global numerous programmer there getting support rapidly too.(4) To that the hardware requires lower, can obtain very good performance on more low-grade machine , what deserves particular mention is Linux outstanding stability , permitted " year " count often its running times.2.Main application of Linux At present,Now, the application of Linux mainly includes:(1) Internet/Intranet: This is one that Linux was used most at present, it can offer and include Web server , all such Inter net services as Ftp server , Gopher server , SMTP/POP3 mail server , Proxy/Cache server , DNS server ,etc.. Linux kernel supports IPalias , PPP and IPtunneling, these functions can be used for setting up fictitious host computer , fictitious service , VPN (fictitious special-purpose network ) ,etc.. Operating Apache Web server on Linux mainly, the occupation rate of market in 1998 is 49%, far exceeds the sum of such several big companies as Microsoft , Netscape ,etc..(2) Because Linux has outstanding networking ability , it can be usedin calculating distributedly large-scaly, for instance cartoon making , scientific caculation , database and file server ,etc..(3) As realization that is can under low platform fullness of Unix that operate , apply at all levels teaching and research work of universities and colleges extensively, if Mexico government announce middle and primary schools in the whole country dispose Linux and offer Internet service for student already.(4) Tabletop and handling official business appliedly. Application number of people of in this respect at present not so good as Windows of Microsoft far also, reason its lie in Lin ux quantity , desk-top of application software not so good as Windows application far not merely,because the characteristic of the freedom software makes it not almost have advertisement that support (though the function of Star Office is not second to MS Office at the same time, but there are actually few people knowing).3.Can Linux become a kind of major operating system?In the face of the pressure of coming from users that is strengthened day by day, more and more commercial companies transplant its application to Linux platform, comparatively important incident was as follows, in 1998 ①Compaq and HP determine to put forward user of requirement truss up Linux at their servers , IBM and Dell promise to offer customized Linux system to user too. ②Lotus announce, Notes the next edition include one special-purpose edition in Linux. ③Corel Company transplants its famous WordPerfect to on Linux, and free issue. Corel also plans to move the other figure pattern process products to Linux platform completely.④Main database producer: Sybase , Informix , Oracle , CA , IBM have already been transplanted one's own database products to on Linux, or has finished Beta edition, among them Oracle and Informix also offer technical support to their products.4.The gratifying one is, some farsighted domestic corporations have begun to try hard to change this kind of current situation already. Stone Co. not long ago is it invest a huge sum of money to claim , regard Linux as platform develop a Internet/Intranet solution, regard this as the core and launch Stone's system integration business , plan to set up nationwide Linux technical support organization at the same time , take the lead to promote the freedom software application and development in China. In addition domestic computer Company , person who win of China , devoted to Linux relevant software and hardware application of system popularize too. Is it to intensification that Linux know , will have more and more enterprises accede to the ranks that Linux will be used with domestic every enterprise to believe, more software will be planted in Linux platform. Meanwhile, the domestic university should regard Linux as the original version and upgrade already existing Unix content of courses , start with analysing the source code and revising the kernel and train a large number of senior Linux talents, improve our country's own operating system. Having only really grasped the operating system, the software industry of our country could be got rid of and aped sedulously at present, the passive state led by the nose byothers, create conditions for revitalizing the software industry of our country fundamentally.中文翻译Linux—网络时代的操作系统虽然对许多人来说，以Linux作为主要的操作系统组成庞大的工作站群，完成了《泰坦尼克号》的特技制作，已经算是出尽了风头。
操作系统的英语作文
操作系统的英语作文英文回答：Operating systems (OS) are the software that manage computer hardware and software resources. They provide a platform for applications to run on and facilitate communication between the user and the computer.Types of Operating Systems.There are various types of operating systems, each designed for a specific purpose:Desktop Operating Systems: Such as Windows, macOS, and Linux, designed for personal computers.Server Operating Systems: Like Windows Server and Linux distributions, optimized for server management.Mobile Operating Systems: iOS, Android, and WindowsPhone, specifically designed for smartphones and tablets.Embedded Operating Systems: Used in devices like industrial control systems, automobiles, and consumer electronics.Functions of Operating Systems.OSs perform essential functions, including:Process Management: Creating, scheduling, and terminating processes, ensuring efficient resource allocation.Memory Management: Managing physical and virtual memory, allocating it to processes and handling memory protection.File Management: Organizing and accessing files on storage devices, providing file permissions and protection.Device Management: Controlling hardware devicesconnected to the computer, providing drivers and configuration settings.User Interface: Providing a graphical or command-line interface for user interaction with the computer.Benefits of Operating Systems.Resource Management: OSs optimize resource utilization, ensuring efficient and equitable distribution.Abstraction: They abstract hardware complexities from applications, making software development easier.Security: OSs provide security measures to protect systems and user data from unauthorized access and threats.Standardization: They establish standards for application development, facilitating compatibility and interoperability.User-Friendliness: Modern OSs offer intuitive userinterfaces, making computing accessible to a broader user base.中文回答：操作系统。
计算机英语论文(5篇)
计算机英语论文(5篇)计算机英语论文(5篇)计算机英语论文范文第1篇目前移动课件的开发方式有三种：基于HTML5和CSS5的WebAPP开发方式、基于SDK的开发方式和混合开发方式。
1基于HTML5和CSS5的WebAPP开发方式HTML5开发语言简洁，而且兼容性好，现在越来越多的开发者都喜爱使用这种开发语言。
基于HTML5开发的WebApp的核心优势有两点：第一，HTML5技术的优势让开发者以后在做APP应用时不需要写边框、画界线，只需要用一个模板就能够起到界面显示的作用；其次，WebAPP具有卓越的互联互通特性。
但对于高校一线老师来说，存在技术门槛较高，把握起来效率低下等问题。
2基于SDK的开发方式SDK就是SoftwareDevelopmentKit的缩写，中文意思就是“软件开发工具包”。
软件开发工具包广义上指帮助开发某一类软件的相关文档、范例和工具的集合。
使用这种开发方式多为开发方面的专业人员，广阔的高校老师使用起来技术门槛还是比较高，而且开发成本和周期都比较长，不利于教学的准时绽开。
3混合开发方式Rexsee是国内开源的一款移动中间件，它选择深度支持Android平台，并不支持IOS平台。
在Rexsee框架下，用户使用HTML5、CSS3、JavaScript就可以进行移动开发，无需了解Android和Java，服务器端支持使用任何语言，支持在线编译生成APK客户端，无需使用Eclipse等工具，特别适合教学第一线老师开发APP课件使用。
二、课件的开发过程依据以上各方面对比介绍，本文选择使用基于Rexsee框架下的混合开发方式，课件的开发过程如下：下载javaJDK。
到网页中选择“JDK”下载。
在AcceptLicenseAgreement前选择后依据计算机型号选择JDK下载文件，我的是win7操作系统，64位，所以选择jdk-8u25-windows-x64.exeWin7操作系统下安装JDK。
计算机系统英文作文
计算机系统英文作文Computer systems are everywhere in today's world. From the smartphone in your pocket to the supercomputer in a research lab, computer systems play a crucial role in our daily lives.The hardware of a computer system includes the physical components, such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, and storage devices. These components work together to process and store data, allowing the computer to perform various tasks.On the other hand, the software of a computer system refers to the programs and applications that run on the hardware. Operating systems, word processors, web browsers, and games are all examples of software that enable users to interact with the computer system.Computer systems can be connected to form networks, allowing them to communicate and share resources. Thisinterconnectedness has revolutionized the way we communicate, conduct business, and access information.Security is a major concern for computer systems, as they are vulnerable to various threats such as viruses, malware, and hacking. Protecting computer systems from these threats requires the implementation of robustsecurity measures, such as firewalls, encryption, and regular software updates.The future of computer systems is exciting, with advancements in artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and internet of things (IoT) promising to further revolutionize the way we live and work. As technology continues to evolve, computer systems will undoubtedly play an even more integral role in shaping the future of humanity.。
有关电脑操作的的英文作文
有关电脑操作的的英文作文英文：As a computer enthusiast, I have always been fascinated by the world of technology and the endless possibilities that come with it. Whether it's programming, gaming, or simply browsing the internet, I have always been drawn to the power and convenience of computers.One of the most important aspects of computer operation is understanding how to navigate the operating system. For example, understanding how to use keyboard shortcuts can greatly improve efficiency. By simply pressing "Ctrl + C" to copy and "Ctrl + V" to paste, I can quickly transfer information without having to use the mouse. This is especially useful when I am working on a project and need to quickly move text or files around.Another important skill in computer operation is troubleshooting. There have been countless times when Ihave encountered technical issues with my computer, such as a frozen screen or a malfunctioning program. In these situations, I have learned to use the task manager to close unresponsive programs and perform a system restart to resolve the issue. Additionally, I have also learned how to update drivers and software to ensure that my computer runs smoothly.In addition to these technical skills, I have also learned the importance of data security and backup. I always make sure to regularly back up my important files to an external hard drive or cloud storage to prevent data loss in the event of a hardware failure or virus attack. I also take precautions such as using strong passwords and enabling two-factor authentication to protect my accounts and personal information.Overall, computer operation is a combination of technical skills and practical knowledge. By mastering the basics of navigating the operating system, troubleshooting technical issues, and ensuring data security, I am able to make the most out of my computer experience.中文：作为一个电脑爱好者，我一直对科技世界和其中无尽的可能性充满着兴趣。
讨论操作系统英语作文初中
讨论操作系统英语作文初中Operating System: The Heart of a Computer。
An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. It acts as an interface between the computer hardware and the user, allowing the user to interact with the computer and execute commands. The operating system is the heart of a computer, without which it cannot function.There are several types of operating systems, including Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Unix. Each operating system has its own unique features and functions, but they all perform the same basic tasks, such as managing memory, controlling input and output devices, and providing security.The most common type of operating system is Windows, which is used by millions of people around the world. Windows is known for its user-friendly interface and itsability to run a wide variety of software programs. It is also compatible with a wide range of hardware devices, making it a popular choice for both personal and business use.Mac OS is another popular operating system, which is used exclusively on Apple computers. Mac OS is known forits sleek design and its ability to run high-end software programs, such as video and audio editing software. It is also known for its security features, which help to protect users from viruses and other types of malware.Linux and Unix are less common operating systems, but they are popular among computer enthusiasts and professionals. Linux is known for its open-source nature, which allows users to modify and customize the operating system to suit their needs. Unix is used primarily in server environments, where its stability and security features are highly valued.Regardless of the type of operating system, they all share the same basic functions. They manage the computer'sresources, including memory, storage, and processing power. They also provide a user interface, which allows users to interact with the computer and execute commands. Finally, they provide security features, which protect the computer from viruses and other types of malware.In conclusion, an operating system is the heart of a computer. It manages the computer's resources, provides a user interface, and protects the computer from security threats. There are several types of operating systems, each with its own unique features and functions, but they all perform the same basic tasks. Without an operating system, a computer cannot function, making it an essential component of modern technology.。
关于电脑系统的英语
关于电脑系统的英语"Understanding Computer Systems: A Brief Overview"In today's digital age, computer systems play a crucial role in almost every aspect of our lives. From personal use to business operations, these complex systems have becomean integral part of our daily routines. Understanding the basics of computer systems is essential for anyone whowants to make the most of their technology. In this article, we will provide a brief overview of computer systems, including their components, functions, and importance inour modern world.At the heart of every computer system is the central processing unit (CPU), which acts as the "brain" of the system. The CPU is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations, making it a critical component in the overall functionality of the computer. Alongside the CPU, the computer system also includes memory, storage,input/output devices, and a variety of other hardwarecomponents.The operating system (OS) is another essential part of a computer system. It serves as an interface between the user and the hardware, allowing individuals to interact with the computer and run applications. Popular operating systems include Windows, macOS, and Linux, each with its own unique features and capabilities.In addition to hardware and operating systems, computer systems also rely on software to perform specific tasks. From word processing and graphic design to gaming and web browsing, software applications are what make computers truly useful. Understanding the relationship between hardware, operating systems, and software is key to maximizing the potential of a computer system.The importance of computer systems in today's world cannot be overstated. They enable us to communicate, work, learn, and entertain ourselves in ways that were unimaginable just a few decades ago. From smartphones and tablets to desktops and servers, computer systems are thebackbone of our digital society.In conclusion, computer systems are complex and multifaceted, consisting of hardware, operating systems, and software. Understanding the various components andtheir functions is essential for anyone looking to make the most of their technology. As we continue to rely more and more on computers in our daily lives, a basic understanding of computer systems will become increasingly important.。
操作系统作文英文
操作系统作文英文I love my computer's operating system. It's like the brain of my computer, controlling everything and making sure all the programs run smoothly. It's like the conductor of an orchestra, making sure all the different parts work together in harmony.Sometimes, though, my operating system can be a bit finicky. It's like a moody teenager, sometimes it just doesn't want to cooperate and I have to figure out what's wrong. But most of the time, it's like a loyal friend, always there to help me get things done.I remember the first time I had to install a new operating system on my computer. It was like performing surgery, carefully replacing the old system with the new one. I was so nervous that I would mess something up, but in the end, it all worked out and my computer was running better than ever.One thing I really appreciate about my operating system is how it keeps everything organized. It's like a virtual filing cabinet, keeping track of all my files and making it easy for me to find what I need. I don't know how I ever lived without it.Of course, there are times when my operating system decides to update itself at the most inconvenient times.It's like a needy pet, always demanding attention when I'm in the middle of something important. But I know it's for the best, and I always feel grateful for the improvements afterwards.Overall, I couldn't imagine using a computer without an operating system. It's like the backbone of the whole system, and I'm grateful for all the hard work it does to keep everything running smoothly. I don't always understand how it works, but I'm glad it's there to take care of all the technical stuff so I can focus on using my computer for what I love.。
系统软件英文作文
系统软件英文作文System software is the backbone of any computer system. It includes the operating system, device drivers, andutility programs that help to manage and run the computer hardware and applications. Without system software, a computer would be unable to function properly.The operating system is the most important piece of system software. It acts as an intermediary between the hardware and the user, allowing the user to interact with the computer and run applications. Popular operating systems include Windows, macOS, and Linux, each with its own unique features and capabilities.Device drivers are another essential component of system software. They enable the operating system to communicate with hardware devices such as printers, scanners, and graphics cards. Without the proper device drivers, these hardware devices would be unusable.Utility programs are also crucial to the smooth operation of a computer system. These programs perform tasks such as disk cleanup, antivirus scanning, and system maintenance. They help to ensure that the computer runs efficiently and remains free from errors and malware.In conclusion, system software is essential for the proper functioning of a computer system. It includes the operating system, device drivers, and utility programs, all of which work together to manage and run the computer hardware and applications. Without system software, a computer would be unable to perform even the most basic tasks.。
写一篇关于系统软件的英文短文作文
写一篇关于系统软件的英文短文作文英文回答：System software refers to the programs and operating systems that provide the foundation for a computer system to function. It is responsible for managing the hardware and software resources of a computer and ensuring that they work together efficiently. Without system software, a computer would not be able to perform any tasks or run any applications.One of the most important functions of system software is to provide an interface between the user and the computer. This interface allows the user to interact with the computer and perform tasks such as opening programs, saving files, and accessing the internet. Examples of system software that provide this interface include operating systems like Windows, macOS, and Linux.Another important function of system software is tomanage the computer's hardware resources. This includes controlling the input and output devices, such as the keyboard, mouse, and printer, as well as managing the memory and storage devices. For example, the device drivers are a type of system software that allow the operating system to communicate with the hardware devices.System software also plays a crucial role in ensuringthe security and stability of a computer system. Itincludes features such as antivirus software, firewalls,and system updates that protect the computer from malware and other threats. Additionally, system software is responsible for managing system resources and allocating them to different programs and processes, preventingconflicts and ensuring the smooth operation of the computer.In conclusion, system software is essential for the functioning of a computer system. It provides the necessary interface, manages hardware resources, and ensures security and stability. Without system software, a computer wouldnot be able to perform any tasks or run any applications.中文回答：系统软件是指为计算机系统提供基础功能的程序和操作系统。
写一篇关于系统软件的英文短文作文
写一篇关于系统软件的英文短文作文英文回答：System software is an essential component of any computer system. It refers to the software that manages and controls the hardware, allowing users to interact with the computer and perform various tasks. There are several types of system software, including operating systems, device drivers, and utility programs.The operating system is the most important system software. It acts as an intermediary between the hardware and the user, providing a platform for running applications and managing system resources. Examples of operating systems include Windows, macOS, and Linux. Without an operating system, a computer would not be able to function properly.Device drivers are another important type of system software. They are software programs that allow theoperating system to communicate with hardware devices such as printers, scanners, and keyboards. Device drivers enable the computer to recognize and use these devices correctly. For example, when you connect a new printer to your computer, you need to install the appropriate device driver so that the operating system can communicate with the printer and print documents.Utility programs are additional software tools that help users manage and optimize their computer systems. They perform tasks such as disk cleanup, virus scanning, andfile compression. For example, an antivirus program is a utility program that scans for and removes viruses from the computer. Another example is a disk defragmenter, which rearranges the files on the hard drive to improve performance.In conclusion, system software plays a crucial role in the functioning of a computer system. It includes operating systems, device drivers, and utility programs. Without system software, a computer would not be able to operate effectively or interact with users. It is essential formanaging hardware resources, running applications, and ensuring the overall performance of the computer system.中文回答：系统软件是任何计算机系统的重要组成部分。
关于系统的英文介绍作文
关于系统的英文介绍作文英文：As a computer system, my purpose is to assist users in completing various tasks and operations. I am designed to be user-friendly and efficient, providing a smooth and seamless experience for anyone who interacts with me.One of my primary functions is to organize and manage data. This includes storing and retrieving files, as well as performing searches and sorts to make it easier for users to find what they need. I can also help with tasks such as scheduling appointments and sending emails.In addition to these basic functions, I am constantly evolving and improving. New updates and features are regularly added to enhance my capabilities and improve the user experience. For example, I may learn from user behavior and adjust my recommendations and suggestions accordingly.Overall, my goal is to make life easier for those who use me. Whether it's managing a busy schedule or keeping track of important documents, I'm here to help.中文：作为一款计算机系统，我的目的是帮助用户完成各种任务和操作。
讨论操作系统英语作文
讨论操作系统英语作文Title: The Evolution and Importance of Operating Systems。
Operating systems (OS) serve as the foundation of modern computing, facilitating the interaction between hardware and software. Throughout history, operating systems have undergone significant evolution, adapting to the changing needs and advancements in technology. This essay delves into the evolution and importance of operating systems in the realm of computing.Initially, operating systems were rudimentary and served basic functions to manage hardware resources. Early operating systems, such as MS-DOS, were command-line based and lacked graphical user interfaces (GUI). These systems provided essential functionalities like file management and process execution but were limited in terms of user-friendliness and multitasking capabilities.The advent of graphical user interfaces revolutionized the usability of operating systems. Systems like Windows 95 introduced a user-friendly interface, making computing more accessible to the general populace. GUI-based operating systems enabled users to interact with computers intuitively, through the use of icons, windows, and menus, thus paving the way for widespread adoption of personal computers.As technology progressed, the demand for more robust and efficient operating systems grew. Unix, developed in the 1970s, introduced features like multitasking and multi-user support, making it suitable for large-scale computing environments. Unix laid the groundwork for subsequent operating systems and influenced the development of Linux and macOS.The rise of the internet and networking necessitated operating systems with built-in networking capabilities. Operating systems like Windows NT and Linux integrated networking functionalities, enabling seamless communication and data sharing over networks. These advancements fueledthe growth of the internet and paved the way for thedigital age we live in today.In recent years, the proliferation of mobile devices has driven the development of operating systems tailoredfor smartphones and tablets. iOS and Android have emerged as dominant players in the mobile OS market, offering rich ecosystems of applications and services. Mobile operating systems prioritize factors like power efficiency, responsiveness, and security to deliver optimal user experiences on portable devices.Furthermore, the emergence of cloud computing has reshaped the landscape of operating systems. Cloud-based operating systems, such as Chrome OS, leverage the power of the cloud to provide lightweight and versatile computing environments. These systems rely on web-based applications and centralized data storage, reducing the dependence on local hardware resources.The importance of operating systems in modern computing cannot be overstated. Operating systems serve as a bridgebetween hardware and software, providing a platform for applications to run efficiently. They manage resources such as memory, CPU, and storage, ensuring optimal utilization and performance. Additionally, operating systems provide essential services like security, file management, and device drivers, enhancing the overall functionality and usability of computing devices.Moreover, operating systems play a crucial role in ensuring system stability and security. They implement security mechanisms such as user authentication, access control, and encryption to protect against malicious threats and unauthorized access. Operating system updates and patches are regularly released to addressvulnerabilities and enhance system resilience against evolving cyber threats.In conclusion, operating systems have evolved significantly over the years, adapting to the changing demands and advancements in technology. From rudimentary command-line interfaces to sophisticated graphical user interfaces and cloud-based environments, operating systemshave transformed the way we interact with computers and devices. Their importance in facilitating efficient resource management, providing security, and enabling seamless user experiences cannot be overstated. As we continue to embrace new technologies and innovations, the role of operating systems will remain indispensable in driving the evolution of computing.。
计算机专业英语--操作系统论文
操作系统姓名：任松学号：09714029 班级专业：09医药软件开发（2）班中文摘要：操作系统（Operating System，简称OS）是一管理电脑硬件与软件资源的程序，同时也是计算机系统的内核与基石。
操作系统是一个庞大的管理控制程序，大致包括5个方面的管理功能:进程与处理机管理、作业管理、存储管理、设备管理、文件管理。
目前微机上常见的操作系统有DOS、OS/2、UNIX、LINUX、Windows等功能。
关键字：功能分类前景Operating SystemEnglish abstract: OS (Operating System and called OS) is a program for managing computer hardware and software resources, kernel is also computer systems and cornerstone. OS is a large management control program, generally, it includes 5 management functions: processes and processor management, job managing, storage management device and file management. Current computer operating systems include DOS, OS/2, UNIX, LINUX, Windows and other features.Keywords: functional classification future操作系统的主要功能是资源管理，程序控制和人机交互等。
计算机系统的资源可分为设备资源和信息资源两大类。
设备资源指的是组成计算机的硬件设备，如中央处理器，主存储器，磁盘存储器，显示器，键盘输入设备和鼠标等。
spixxa计算机操作系统论文
-+懒惰是很奇怪的东西，它使你以为那是安逸，是休息，是福气；但实际上它所给你的是无聊，是倦怠，是消沉;它剥夺你对前途的希望，割断你和别人之间的友情，使你心胸日渐狭窄，对人生也越来越怀疑。
—罗兰计算机操作系统论文计算机操作系统的功能、发展及分类摘要:操作系统是统一管理计算机软、硬件资源,合理组织计算机的工作流程,协调系统部件之间,系统与用户之间、用户与用户之间的关系。
本文对计算机操作系统的功能、发展和分类做了简单的分析和阐述。
关键词:计算机操作系统发展分类1 操作系统的功能(1)管理计算机系统的硬件、软件、数据等各种资源,尽可能减少人工分配资源的工作以及人对机器的干预,发挥计算机的自动工作效率。
(2)协调还要各种资源使用过程中的关系,使得计算机的各种资源使用调度合理,高速设备与低速设备运行相互配。
(3)为用户提供使用计算机系统的环境,方便使用计算机系统的各部件或功能。
操作系统通过自己的程序,将计算机系统的各种资源所提供的功能抽象,形成与之等价的操作系统的功能,并形象地表现出来,提供给用户方便地使用计算机。
2 操作系统的发展2.1 手工操作阶段。
在这个阶段的计算机,主要元器件是电子管,运算速度慢,没有任何软件,更没有操作系统。
用户直接使用机器语言编写程序,上机时完全手工操作,首先将预先准备好的程序纸带装入输入机,然后启动输入机把程序和数据送入计算机,接着通过开关启动程序运行,计算完成后,打印机输出结果。
用户必须是非常专业的技术人员才能实现对计算机的控制。
2.2 批处理阶段。
由于20世纪50年代中期,计算机的主要元器件由晶体管取代,运行速度有了很大的提高,这时软件也开始迅速发展,出现了早期的操作系统,这就是早期的对用户提交的程序进行管理的监控程序和批处理软件。
2.3 多道程序系统阶段。
随着中、小规模的集成电路在计算机系统中的广泛应用,CPU的运动速度大大提高,为了提高CPU的利用率,引入了多道程序设计技术,并出现了专门支持多道程序的硬件机构,这一时期,为了进一步提高CPU的利用效率,出现了多道批处理系统、分时系统等等,从而产生了更加强大的监管程序,并迅速发展成为计算机科学中的一个重要分支,就是操作系统。
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Introduction to the operating system of the new technologyAbstract:the Operating System (Operating System, referred to as OS) is an important part of a computer System is an important part of the System software, it is responsible for managing the hardware and software resources of the computer System and the working process of the entire computer coordination between System components, systems and between users and the relationship between the user and the user. With the appearance of new technology of the operating system functions on the rise. Operating system as a standard suite must satisfy the needs of users as much as possible, so the system is expanding, function of increasing, and gradually formed from the development tools to system tools and applications of a platform environment. To meet the needs of users. In this paper, in view of the operating system in the core position in the development of computer and technological change has made an analysis of the function of computer operating system, development and classification of simple analysis and elaborationKey words: computer operating system, development,new technologyOperating system is to manage all the computer system hardware resources include software and data resources; Control program is running; Improve the man-machine interface; Provide support for other application software, etc., all the computer system resources to maximize the role, to provide users with convenient, efficient, friendly service interface.The operating system is a management computer hardware and software resources program, is also the kernel of the computer system and the cornerstone. Operating system have such as management and configuration memory, decided to system resources supply and demand of priorities, control input and output devices, file system and other basic network operation and management affairs. Operating system is to manage all the computer system hardware resources include software and data resources; Control program is running; Improve the man-machine interface; Provide support for other application software, etc., all the computer system resources to maximize the role, to provide users with convenient, efficient, friendly service interface. Operating system is a huge management control procedures, including roughly five aspects of management functions, processes and processor management, operation management, storage management, equipment management, file management. At present the common operating system on microcomputer DOS, OS / 2, UNIX, XENIX, LINUX, Windows, Netware, etc. But all of the operating system with concurrency, sharing, four basic characteristics of virtual property and uncertainty. At present there are many different kinds of operating system, it is difficult to use a single standard unified classification. Divided according to the application field, can be divided into the desktop operating system, server operating system, the host operating system, embedded operating system.1．The basic introduction of the operating system（1）The features of the operating systemManagement of computer system hardware, software, data and other resources, asfar as possible to reduce the work of the artificial allocation of resources and people to the machine's intervention, the computer automatically work efficiency into full play.Coordinate the relationship between and in the process of using various resources, make the computer's resources use reasonable scheduling, both low and high speed devices running with each other.To provide users with use of a computer system environment, easy to use parts of a computer system or function. Operating system, through its own procedures to by all the resources of the computer system provides the function of the abstract, the function of the formation and the equivalent of the operating system, and image, provide users with convenient to use the computer.（2）The development of the operating systemOperating system originally intended to provide a simple sorting ability to work, after updating for auxiliary more complex hardware facilities and gradual evolution.Starting from the first batch mode, also come time sharing mechanism, in the era of multiprocessor comes, the operating system also will add a multiprocessor coordination function, even the coordination function of distributed systems. The evolution of the other aspects also like this.On the other hand, on a personal computer, personal computer operating system of the road, following the growth of the big computer is becoming more and more complex in hardware, powerful, and practice in the past only large computer functions that it step by step.Manual operation stage. At this stage of the computer, the main components is tube, speed slow, no software, no operating system. User directly using a machine language program, hands-on completely manual operation, the first will be prepared machine program tape into the input, and then start the machine input the program and data into a computer, and then through the switch to start the program running and computing, after the completion of the printer output. The user must be very professional and technical personnel to achieve control of the computer.Batch processing stage. Due to the mid - 1950 - s, the main components replaced by the transistor computer, running speed had the very big enhancement, the software also began to develop rapidly, appeared in the early of the operating system, it is the early users to submit the application software for management and monitoring program of the batch.Multiprogramming system phase. As the medium and small-scale integrated circuit widely application in computer systems, the CPU speed is greatly increased, in order to improve the utilization rate of CPU and multiprogramming technology is introduced, and the special support multiprogramming hardware organization, during this period, in order to further improve the efficiency of CPU utilization, a multichannel batch system, time-sharing system, etc., to produce more powerful regulatory process, and quickly developed into an important branch of computer science, is the operating system. Collectively known as the traditional operating system.Modern operating systems. Large-scale, the rapid development of vlsi rapidly, a microprocessor, optimization of computer architecture, computer speed further improved, and the volume is greatly reduced, for personal computers and portable computerappeared and spread. Its the biggest advantage is clear structure, comprehensive functions, and can meet the needs of the many USES and operation aspects.2. New technology of the operating systemFrom the standpoint of the operating system of the new technology, it mainly includes the operating system structure design of the micro kernel technology and operating system software design of the object-oriented technology.(1) The microkernel operating system technologyA prominent thought in the design of modern operating systems is the operating system of the composition and function of more on a higher level to run (i.e., user mode), and leave a small kernel as far as possible, use it to complete the core of the operating system is the most basic function, according to the technology for micro kernel (Microkernel) technology.The microkernel structure(1) Those most basic, the most essential function of the operating system reserved inthe kernel(2)Move most of the functionality of the operating system into the kernel, and eachoperating system functions exist in the form of a separate server process, and provide services.(3)In user space outside of the kernel including all operating system, service processalso includes the user's application process. Between these processes is the client/server mode.Micro kernel contains the main ingredient(1) Interrupt and the exception handling mechanism(2)Interprocess communication mechanisms(3)The processor scheduling mechanism(4)The basic mechanism of the service functionThe realization of the microkernelMicro kernel implementation "micro" is a major problem and performance requirements of comprehensive consideration. To do "micro" is the key to implementation mechanism and strategy, the concept of separation. Due to the micro kernel is the most important of news communication between processes and the interrupt processing mechanism, the following briefly describes the realization of both.Interprocess communication mechanismsCommunication service for the client and the server is one of the main functions of the micro kernel, is also the foundation of the kernel implement other services. Whether to send the request and the server reply messages are going through the kernel. Process of news communication is generally through the port (port). A process can have one or more ports, each port is actually a message queue or message buffer, they all have a unique port ID (port) and port authority table, the table is pointed out that this process can be interactive communications and which process. Ports ID and kernel power table maintenance.Interrupt processing mechanismMicro-kernel structure separation mechanism will interrupt and the interruptprocessing, namely the interrupt mechanism on micro kernel, and put the interrupt handling in user space corresponding service process. Micro kernel interruption mechanism, is mainly responsible for the following work:(1) When an interrupt occurs to identify interrupt;(2) Put the interrupt signal interrupt data structure mapping to the relevant process;(3) The interrupt is transformed into a message;(4) Send a message to the user space in the process of port, but the kernel hasnothing to do with any interrupt handling.(5) Interrupt handling is to use threads in a system.The advantages of the microkernel structure(1) Safe and reliableThe microkernel to reduce the complexity of the kernel, reduce the probability of failure, and increases the security of the system.(2) The consistency of the interfaceWhen required by the user process services, all based on message communication mode through the kernel to the server process. Therefore, process faces is a unified consistent processes communication interface.(3) Scalability of the systemSystem scalability is strong, with the emergence of new hardware and software technology, only a few change to the kernel.(4) FlexibilityOperating system has a good modular structure, can independently modify module and can also be free to add and delete function, so the operating system can be tailored according to user's need.(5) CompatibilityMany systems all hope to be able to run on a variety of different processor platform, the micro kernel structure is relatively easy to implement.(6) Provides support for distributed systemsOperating under the microkernel structure system must adopt client/server mode. This model is suitable for distributed systems, can provide support for distributed systems.The main drawback of microkernelUnder the micro-kernel structure, a system service process need more patterns (between user mode and kernel mode conversion) and process address space of the switch, this increases costs, affected the speed of execution.3 .Object-oriented operating system technologyObject-oriented operating system refers to the operating system based on object model. At present, there have been many operating system used the object-oriented technology, such as Windows NT, etc. Object-oriented has become a new generation of an important symbol of the operating system.The core of object-oriented conceptsIs the basic idea of object-oriented to construct the system as a series of collections of objects. The object refers to a set of data and the data of some basic operation encapsulated together formed by an entity. The core of object-oriented concept includesthe following aspects:(1) EncapsulationIn object-oriented encapsulation is the meaning of a data set and the data about the operation of the packaging together, form a dynamic entity, namely object. Encapsulated within the request object code and data to be protected.(2) InheritanceInheritance refers to some object can be inherited some features and characteristics of the object.(3) PolymorphismPolymorphism refers to a name a variety of semantics, or the same interface multiple implementations. Polymorphism in object-oriented languages is implemented by overloading and virtual functions.(4) The messageNews is the way of mutual requests and mutual cooperation between objects. An object through the message to activate another object. The message typically contains a request object identification and information necessary to complete the work.Object-oriented operating systemIn object-oriented operating system, the object as a concurrent units, all system resources, including documents, process and memory blocks are considered to be an object, such as the operating system resources are all accomplished through the use of object services.The advantages of object-oriented operating system:(1)Can reduce operating system throughout its life period when a change is done to the influence of the system itself.For example, if the hardware has changed, will force the operating system also changes, in this case, as long as change the object representing the hardware resources and the operation of the object of service, and those who use only do not need to change the object code.(2)Operating system access to its resources and manipulation are consistent .Operating system to produce an event object, delete, and reference, and it produces reference, delete, and a process object using the same method, which is implemented by using a handle to the object. Handle to the object, refers to the process to a particular object table in the table.(3)Security measures to simplify the operating system.Because all the objects are the same way, so when someone tries to access an object, security operating system will step in and approved, regardless of what the object is.(4)Sharing resources between object for the process provides a convenient and consistent approach.Object handle is used to handle all types of objects. The operating system can by tracking an object, how many handle is opened to determine whether the object is still in u se. When it is no longer used, the operating system can delete the object.ConclusionIn the past few decades of revolutionary changes have taken place in the operatingsystem: technological innovation, the expansion of the user experience on the upgrade, application field and the improvement of function. As in the past few decades, over the next 20 years there will be huge changes in operating system. See we now use the operating system is very perfect. Believe that after the technology of the operating system will still continue to improve, will let you use the more convenient. Believe that the operating system in the future will make our life and work more colorful.。