【四级语法】01_非谓语动词+基础

讲义·非谓语动词（基础）

主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语

不作谓语的动词= 非谓语动词

动名词doing

不定式to do

现在分词doing

过去分词done

名词= 主干

形容词／副词= 修饰

动名词= 相当于名词的位置

分词（现在分词／过去分词）= 相当于修饰（形容词和副词）的位置

不定式= 不一定是什么形式= 啥都行（主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语）

谓语动词个数= 连词数+ 1

【零】非谓语动词的前世今生

一、句子的进化：两个简单句→并列句→从句→非谓语动词

John被Bluesky College录取了。John非常开心。

John was admitted into Bluesky College. John is more than delighted now.（简单句）

John was admitted into Bluesky College and John is more than delighted now.（并列句）Because John was admitted into Bluesky College, John is more than delighted now.（状语从句）

Admitted into Bluesky College, John is more than delighted now.（非谓语动词短语）

玩法规则

两个句子主语相同，其中一个句子去掉主语后将其谓语变成非谓语动词。

一般现在时主动、一般过去时主动、现在进行时主动、过去进行时主动→-ing

一般现在时被动、一般过去时被动、现在进行时被动、过去进行时被动→-ed（过去分词done）如果谓语动词中有am/is/are/was/were，则将am/is/are/was/were直接去掉。

并列句中，能被翻译成“由于”，“随着”，“当…时”的句子，通常变为非谓语动词。

主从复合句中，从句通常变为非谓语动词。

孩子们一边前行，一边开心地唱着他们最喜爱的歌。

The children were marching while they were singing their favorite song happily.

The children were marching, singing their favorite song happily.

我看见一个老大爷骑自行车。（我看见一个骑自行车的老大爷。）

I saw an old man. The old man was riding a bike.

I saw an old man who was riding a bike.（定语从句）

I saw an old man riding a bike.（非谓语动词短语）

我拜访他家，我要借一本书。

I visited his house and I would borrow a book.

I visited his house to borrow a book.

玩法规则

一般将来时主动（will do／must do）→to do

过去将来时主动（would do）→to do

一般将来时被动（will be done／must be done）→to be done

过去将来时被动（would be done）→to be done

我们被邀请参加一场派对，这场派对下周五在我们俱乐部举行。

We are invited to a party. The party will be held in our club next Friday.

We are invited to a party which will be held in our club next Friday.（定语从句）

We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.

John被Bluesky College录取了。John的爸爸非常开心。

John was admitted into Bluesky College. John's father is more than delighted now.

John admitted into Bluesky College, John's father is more than delighted now.

相当于是主语的一种格式= 独立主格

【壹】作状语

一、由状语从句或并列句转化而来

1. _Seeing_ (see) that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.

2. _Standing_ (stand) in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.

3. _Encouraged_ (encourage) by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.

4. Not _realizing_ (realize) that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.

5. _Attracted_ (attract) by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.

6. _Seen_ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.

二、由状语从句转化而来，但引导词未被省略

1. When _looking_ (look) at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.

2. Though _lacking_ (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university.

3. We all know that, if not carefully _dealt_ (deal) with, the situation will get worse.

4. The flowers (his friend gave him) will die unless _watered_ (water) every day.

5. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _questioned_ (question) at the meeting by my boss.

三、to do作目的状语

1. _To complete_ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a