2019届上海市虹口区高三英语二模(含答案)

虹口区2018学年度第二学期期中教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2019.4考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At an airport. B. On a plane. C. On a bus. D. In a department store.2. A. He is suffering a pain in the neck.B. His roommate walks in his sleep.C. His roommate’s bed is always in a mess.D. He doesn’t like sharing a room with anyone.3. A. The woman was fully absorbed in the movie.B. The woman lost her way to the cinema that evening.C. The woman couldn’t understand the movie very well.D. The movie was no better than what the woman had imagined.4. A. $160. B. $50. C. $120. D. $150.5. A. He really likes his wife’s new hairstyle.B. His wife didn’t take his sensible advice.C. He didn’t want to cut his wife’s long hair.D. His wife often complains about everything.6. A. Puzzled. B. Regretful. C. Angry. D. Relieved.7. A. A job offer. B. An entry form.C. An excellent résumé.D. The position of system engineer.8. A. Mr. James talks a lot about gardening.B. Mr. James likes boasting of his cleverness.C. The woman is not interested in what Mr. James says.D. Mr. James isn’t very straightforward in what he says.9. A. The elderly are expert at using apps.B. The elderly don’t know how to use apps.C. The elderly can help to develop smart apps.D. The app developers can’t afford to ignore the elderly.10. A. Mr. Johnson’s ideas are nonsense.B. He quite agrees with Mr. Johnson’s views.C. He has his own opinions on social welfare.D. Mr. Johnson is skillful in expressing his ideas.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In multi-cultural countries. B. In developing countries.C. In developed countries.D. In densely-populated countries.12. A. Lack of communication facilities. B. Temporary shelter.C. Power failure.D. No access to recreation.13. A. Features of different types of poverty. B. Approaches to poverty elimination.C. Changes in three poverty categories.D. Ways to calculate the poverty line.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Because of the course materials.B. Because of the discussion topics.C. Because of others’ misuse of technology.D. Because of a rule the speaker made for his class.15. A. The speaker’s history class received low a ssessment.B. The students think highly of the speaker’s history class.C. The speaker made the rule because he was against technology.D. The speaker made the rule just because of his unpleasant experiences.16. A. It may improve teaching and offer more help.B. It may allow students to get on well with each other.C. It may distract students from being involved in class.D. It may help students to better understand complex themes.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. She bumped into a coffee table.B. She chatted with the cafe owner.C. She talked with someone she knew.D. She was listening to a lively debate.18. A. Newspapers were given out to customers.B. An entrance fee was charged for getting in.C. It was the meeting place for debating clubs.D. It was first started in Oxford in the 16th century.19. A. Partly right. B. Extremely interesting.C. Very unfair.D. A bit unreasonable.20. A. By providing free laptops for use.B. By making sofas comfortable to sit on.C. By engaging them in stimulating conversation.D. By transporting customers to various destinations.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Best Way of Losing WeightForget what the skinny movie stars and the TV adverts say - losing weight is hard work. (21) ______ you do it through exercise, diet, or a bit of both, it’s extremely challenging to lose those pounds and then to keep them off. Sometimes it can involve (22) ______ (change) huge parts of your day-to-day life and it can mean breaking decades-old habits.But it turns out there’s one little thing you (23) ______ do to help you achieve your goal and it’s got nothing to do with food or exercise. The experts at Weight Watchers did research which shows many of their members were more successful and (24) ______ (discouraged) when they shared regular updates on their new healthy lifestyle online. They found people who shared a diary of their daily lives with friends and followers were stimulated and inspired by positive feedback (25) ______ they lost some pounds and kept them off.More than 50 per cent of people said the support of a weight loss community was crucial when it came (26) ______ changing their eating habits and 53 per cent shared photos of their meals on social media. With this knowledge under their belts, Weight Watchers (27) ______ (launch) a series of short films lately which show people recording their daily weight loss journey.One of the members who shared her journey was Danielle Duggins, and her video shows her enjoying a range of healthy meals and a few treats, while (28) ______ (play) with her children.The company’s marketing director Claudia Nicholls said: “The support of a community has always proved to be an effective way of forming and sustaining healthy habits, but there has never been an easier or more affordable way (29) ______ (tap) into the power of the crowd for support and inspiration with the explosion of online communities. Weight Watchers owns a social community for members, Connect, (30) ______ sees over 14,000 daily posts in the UK alone, and provides our members with instant access to a community of people who are on similar journeys to them.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. scaleB. engagedC. disastrousD. hotspotsE. targetF. victimG. interwovenH. inevitableI. continuousJ. resolveK. riskyWhy Bike Theft Is Not Taken Seriously?For many people a bicycle is the only transport they can afford and it is very convenient for them to use. Therefore, the impact of the loss of their bike can be __31__. But why is cycle theft so often seen as a minor crime?According to the police, 96,210 bikes were stolen in 2018, and about one in 50 bicycle-owning households fall __32__ to cycle theft each year. Those who can afford a second bike might have a “beater”, a cheap bike they leave in __33__ areas, and can afford to lose — but those who cannot make both ends meet, and live below the poverty line will find themselves cornered by bike theft.According to a survey for Bike Register, 50% of victims felt police didn’t investigate the crime, while those __34__ in cycle theft see it as low risk in terms of being caught. Police recover just 3% of stolen bikes. In fact, the problem is almost certainly much greater: People often don’t report it thinking there’s nothing the police can do, so the full__35__ of the problem remains hidden.Cycle crime hotspots were identified as Cambridge, Oxford, Southampton, Bristol, etc. Most cycle thefts occur near or in people’s homes, but thieves also __36__ transport hubs (中心，枢纽) and university campuses. In the meantime, thepolice have come up with a way to __37__ the issue. Training 23 officers in regional cycle crime taskforces is part of a national cycle crime strategy, __38__ with measures like education on safe locking techniques, working with websites where more than half of stolen bikes are sold, and identifying cycle theft __39__ and priorities.If a bike is stolen, there is about a 20% chance the victim will not replace it, losing their transport, exercise, and pote ntial access to local communities and service. It is widely accepted that police’s __40__ effort is fundamental to a drop in cycle theft.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Technology is playing a vital role in preservation and ecology research. Drones (无人机) hold huge __41__ in the fight to save the world’s remaining wildlife from extinction. So researchers can now track wild animals through dense forests and monitor whales in vast oceans. It’s estimated that up to five living species become extinct every day, making it urgent that universities develop new technologies to capture the data that can persuade __42__ to act.The British International Education Association hosted a conference in January to __43__ the importance of technological solutions in protecting vulnerable (易受伤害的) species and ecosystems. Speakers underlined how technology can help __44__: drones can circle high above the ocean to spot whales, while certain cameras can identify members of an individual species.According to Claudio Sillero, biology professor at Oxford University, technology is changing how preservation research is done —but it’s in a(n)__45__ way. As technology gets better and cheaper, researchers become better at doing what they were already doing. __46__, remote sensing used to be a very technical tool but is now widespread, and everyone uses global positioning system (GPS) for surveying.But teaching preservation and ecology courses in university __47__. Some teach drone surveying methods in depth while others don’t even mention them. “The fact is, using drones is quite a(n) __48__ to the interdisciplinary (跨学科的) ‘unknown’ of engineering, and potentially an area where lecturers may not feel confident to teach yet,” Serge Wich, an expert in primate biology says. “Students are taught about __49__ technologies such as automatic sound recorders, but drones are often missing from university teaching. Consequently, drone use among researchers is still fairly __50__ and focused on getting photos.”Wich’s team of researchers used techniques to develo p a fully automated drone technology system that __51__and monitors the health of endangered animals globally. It’s designed to be cheap, stable and simple to use, so that local communities in developing countries can operate it __52__ without technical b ackground. Yet it’s not more widely used on the grounds of researchers’ lack of skills to use this technology. In biology, where drones are used, few can program an algorithm(算法) specifically for their preservation or research problem. “There’s much that needs to be done to __53__ those two worlds and to make AI more user-friendly so that people who can’t program can still use the technology,” Wich says.__54__, the sad truth is that better technology alone will not save any more species from dying out, Greengrass warns. “As human populations increase, so do threats and pressure on wild places. Preservationists are __55__ for not doing enough but it’s often an issue of people,conflict and governance.” Technology may help provide far greater knowledge, but governments still need to act.41. A. shortage B. threats C.potential D. responsibilities42. A. researchers B.authorities C. oponents D. professionals43. A.highlight B. overlook C. assess D. calculate44. A. education B. preparation C.preservation D. distinction45. A. evolutionary B. flexible C. virtual D. dramatic46. A. As a result B. In conclusion C. On the contrary D. For example47. A. differs B. equals C. multiplies D. struggles48. A. obstacle B. leap C. equivalent D. exception49. A. ill-intentioned B. fully-prepared C. well-established D. narrowly-applied50. A. definite B. vague C. simple D. limited51. A. controls B. tracks C. supervises D. improves52. A. earnestly B. independently C. secretly D. impersonally53. A. bridge B. fix C. dismiss D. grasp54. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise55. A. fired B. insulted C. qualified D. criticizedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A Different Kind of Spring BreakFor many American university students, the week-long spring break holiday means an endless part on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of approximately 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one spring break destination in the United States.A week-long drinking binge is not for everyone, however, and a growing number of American university students have found a way to make spring break matter. For them, joining or leading a group of volunteers to travel locally or internationally and work to address problems such as poverty, homelessness, or environmental damage makes spring break a unique learning experience that university students can feel good at.During one spring break week, students at James Madison University i n Virginia participated in 15 “alternative spring break” trips to nearby states, three others to more distant parts of the United States, and five international trips. One group of JMU students traveled to Bogalusa, Louisiana, to help rebuild homes damaged by Hurricane Katrina. Another group traveled to Mississippi to organize creative activities for children living in a homeless shelter. One group of students did go to Florida, but not to lie on the sand. They performed exhausting physical labor such as maintaining roving invasive plant species that threaten the native Florida ecosystem.Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find them very rewarding. While most university students have to get their degrees before they can start helping people, student volunteers are able to help people now. On the other hand, the accommodations are far from glamorous. Students often sleep on the floor of a school or church, or spend the week camping in tents. But students only pay around $250 for meals and transportation, which is much less than some of their peers spend to travel to more traditional spring break hot spot.56.How many university students travel to Panama Beach City every March for spring break?A. Around 36,000.B. Around 50,000.C. Around 500,000.D. Around 10,000.57.The underlined word “binge” in paragraph 2 probably means ______.A. doing too much of somethingB. studying for too longC. refusing to do somethingD. having very little alcohol58. Which of the following gives the main idea of the third paragraph?A. One group of JMU students worked on homes damaged by a hurricane.B. Children living in homeless shelters enjoy creative activities.C. Some students work to help the environment on alternative spring break trips.D. University students do different types of work on alternative spring break trips.59. What is implied in this article is that ______.A. university students spend more than $250 for traditional spring break tripsB. university students complain about the accommodations on alternative spring break tripsC. university students may take fewer alternative spring break trips in the futureD. university students would prefer to wait until they have their degrees to start helping peopleScreen Shot 2 (B) Cropping (修剪) an Image With the Snap Shot Program Welcome to the world of photo-editing! Cropping an image allows you to zero in on (对准，聚焦) just the portion that is important to your project. For example, you may want to insert an image of a covered train in a report but may not want to include the whole train. Cropping the image allows you to select only the small area you wish to retain (保留) and eliminate all other portions of the original picture.Option 1: Cropping by Placing the Image in a ShapeUsing one of Snap Shot’s standard shapes as a photo -editing tool requires nospecial abilities. To crop an image with a standard shape:a. Click Cropping & Orientation from the Effects menu.b. Click to select one of the six shapes to frame your image.c. Use the mouse pointer to draw a frame around the portion of the image youwish to retain. Re-size the frame by dragging the shape’s sizing handles. Whenyou are satisfied with the results, click Cut It .d. Snap Shot will automatically return to the project that is open. (You may alsocopy or cut the cropped image and paste it into another application.)Option 2: Freehand Cropping of an ImageIf you want to trace the shape of an object in order to crop out everything else,freehand cropping is the way to go. To crop an image freehand:a. Click Freehand Crop from the Cropping & Orientation option on theEffects menu.b. Using the mouse pointer, trace around the shape you want to crop. Be sure tocompletely enclose the image by ending at the same place you began outlining.c. Click Cut It . Snap Shot will automatically return to the project that is open.60. The main purpose of the passage is to ______.A. describe the features of Snap ShotB. explain how to use Snap Shot to select sections of a pictureC. show that Snap Shot is an easy tool to useD. discuss how to use the features of Snap Shot61. To perform Option 2, one should first ______.A. select the imageB. use the mouse pointer to draw a frameC. select Cropping & Orientation from the Effects menuD. re-size the frame by dragging the sizing handles on the shape62. Why is freehand cropping discussed after cropping with shapes?A. To introduce a simpler technique before moving on to a more complex one.B. To proceed from a more useful technique to one with fewer practical applications.C. To order the options alphabetically.D. To arrange the text, making space for the screen shots.(C)Screen Shot 1Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard patterns into which they report each day’s events. In other words, there is a traditional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard patterns” of the newsroom seem foreign to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer w ork, or put down roots in a community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite(精英), so their work tends to reflect the traditional values of this elite. The alarming distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily conflict of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums(讨论会) and a credibility project devoted to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class prejudices that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.63. What is the passage mainly about?A. Needs of the readers all over the world.B. Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.C. Origins of the declining newspaper industry.D. Aims of a journalism credibility project.64. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.A. quite trustworthyB. somewhat conflictingC. very informativeD. rather shallow65. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ______.A. working attitudeB. traditional lifestyleC. world outlookD. educational background66. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its ______.A. failure to realize its real problemB. tendency to hire annoying reportersC. likeliness to do inaccurate reportingD. prejudice in matters of race and genderSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.heard it could make you sick, or that it can damage your hair or skin.What’s the truth? Let’s address the “it can make you sick” myth first. “(67)______” says Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of medici ne. While this idea persists, Schaffner says it was long ago disproved. It’s true that you’re much more likely to catch a common cold during the winter months. But this has to do with the ways respiratory (呼吸的) viruses spread, he says.(68)______Illness-causing bacteria and viruses don’t appear naturally, and so you’re not going to make yourself ill by getting your pillow a little damp at night, Schaffner says. But there is a possible exception. Some research has shown that pillows—especially those made with synthetic materials—can contain asthma- or allergy-triggering molds (哮喘或致敏菌) and fungus, which tend to do well in damp environments, and so do dust mites, says Dr. Payel Gupta, a spokesperson for the American Lung Association.Gupta says there’s no evidence that people who sleep with wet hair experience more allergy or asthma symptoms.(69)______ But if you wake up with a stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, breathing problems or other allergy or asthma symptoms—or even if you don’t—you should wash your pillow cases and sheets in hot water at least once a week to reduce your exposure to any potential irritants (刺激物).When it comes to the health of your hair and skin, there may be a few other reasons to worry about wet hair. “Generally, it’s thought not to be good for hair to sleep with it wet,” says Dr. George Cotsarelis, a professor of dermatology (皮肤病学), “(70)______”It’s also worth noting that almost anything you do to your hair—from brushing and blow-drying it to coloring it or exposing it to the sun—can damage it.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71.What comes first: the optimism or the good health?Optimism, defined as the general expectation that the future will be favorable, could provide ways to improve health, some researchers believe. But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice versa.A recent study suggests that most people can’t help but to think optimistically. This study was conducted by Ed O’Brien, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan in A nn Arbor. The findings suggest that people have a natural tendency to think positively about their future.Participants were asked to create a list of imaginary personal experiences that would make them happy or unhappy over the course of the next year. They then ranked how difficult it was to plan that list and how happy they believed they would be in the future overall. The easier it was for people to think of positive future experiences, the happier they imagined they would be. However, there was no relationship between easily developing negative future experiences and expecting to be unhappy as a result.O’Brien concluded that people seem to discount the possibility that future negative events will make them happy overall, suggesting that optimism might come more naturally. “We’re not as used to thinking about the future in terms of things that are going to go wrong.” O’Brien’s study is one of many to find that people are consistently optimistic about their future, predicting pleasant experiences and discounting unpleasant ones. If optimism may lead to better health and people generally tend to think optimistically, what does this mean for the connection between mental and physical health? “If we can make sure that optimism comes before healthy states, we might be able to involve and improve people’s optimism,” Boehm explained. However, it’s difficult to determine what comes first: the optimism or the good health.原文出处：https:///news/which-comes-first-optimism-or-good-health.htmlV. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 看来小王并不满足于已取得的进步。