2019届上海高三英语一模汇编：十一选十

2019届高三英语一模汇编——选词填空1、2019黄浦一模Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topsoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___, a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river—___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts（囊肿）. Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body—yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition（迷信）. And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ , the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War Ⅱ. The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, ___39___ the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million—the largest in the Arab world.答案：31-35GJABD36-40CEIHF难度：中等体的) twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation. After a model of the girls’ bone structure was (31) __________ using 3D printing, however, they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully, (32) __________ in both twins being able to walk. Now eighty and still working as chief technology officer of 3D Systems, Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor (33) ___________ 31 years after he first printed a small black eye-wash cup using a new method of manufacturing known as 3D printing.At the time, he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and (34) __________. He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light, he would be able to form three dimensional objects. After a year, he (35) ___________ a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer – a material which changes from liquid to plastic-like solid when light shines on it – and traces the shape of one level of the object. Subsequent layers are then printed until it is (36) __________.After patenting the invention, he set up 3D Systems, (37) ____________ getting $6m (£3.5m) from a Canadian investor. The first (38) __________ product came out in 1988 and proved a hit among car manufacturers, in the aerospace sector and for companies designing medical equipment. The possibilities appear endless – from home-printed food and medicine to (39) __________ that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet. Although deliberate in his responses, there is one moment when the (40) __________ spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving.答案：31-35 A D C B F 36-40 H G J E K难度：偏难The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32) _______ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34) _______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); a rapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40) _______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F.答案：31-40 FHIAG JKEBC难度：中等Dealing with Difficult RelationshipsEveryone has at least one awkward or __31__ relationship. It may be with somebody who will __32__ your energy whenever you are with them. Or worse, it could be someone who always cuts you down. This person may be a family member or even a friend. No matter who it is, it's necessary that you learn to set boundaries for yourself. Otherwise this kind of relationship can chip away at your self-esteem.Setting boundaries for difficult relationships starts by __33__ how you are affected by the relationship. Do they bring you closer to your goals or pull you farther away? For example, it's time to study for tomorrow's test. But your friend wants to take you to a party. Here, setting boundaries will help protect your __34__ goals.Next, decide how much time you should spend with these people. It's easy to overcommit yourself. But it's difficult to help others if you forget to protect your own __35__.How do you know if a relationship is unhealthy, and it's time to set boundaries? Here are a few practical questions to ask yourself.1. How does this relationship affect me?Every __36__ can affect you positively or negatively. For example, someone who pressures you to something you're not comfortable doing will __37__ you out. But a friend who considers how you feel will respect your __38__ to try something new.2.Why am I in this relationship in the first place?People may try to keep you in an unhealthy relationship. By __39__ you it's your obligation or duty, you forget about your own needs. Sadly, by remaining __40__ to these people, you forget who you are. You allow them to take advantage of you or even belittle you.Setting boundaries requires taking a long, honest look at yourself. By saying "no" to harmful patterns in relationships, you say "yes" to a healthier you.答案：31-40 J H E G C F I A K B难度：中等People Think Meals Taste Better If They Are ExpensiveIt is said that there’s no such thing as a free lunch, but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal, it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal, according to scientists.A new study has found that restaurant 31 who pay more for their meals think the food is tastier than if it is offered for a smaller price. The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their 32 of how food tastes.Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet (自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the 33 at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were asked to 34 how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names.The experiment 35 that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they 36 . However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study 37 at the Experimental Biology meeting this week.Brian Wansink, a professor of 38 behaviour at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you 39 the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.In a(n) 40 study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories (卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas.答案：31-40 IEDCJ AGKHF难度：中等Canada, February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light ___31___ out in the darkness. Slowly the colours twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky, ___32___ with delicate yellow, pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm. Gentle, yet___33___. Most of all, it was a gift.This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movements and bright colours. The calm green auroral displays that many people see are driven by a(n)___34____ stream of particles (微粒) from the sun, called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot fast particles, this process goes overdrive—we get much more movement and colour. It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious ___35___. Satellites’ electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particlies, ___36___industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio ___37___ around the poles, or to protect aircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight.Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A larger storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada's Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n)___38___ C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017, a huge solar flame ___39___ just as Hurricane lran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout held up the emergency response. Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral___40___is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies.答案：31-35 JBAED 36-40 KCFGI难度：中等The ability of the herd mentality（从众心理）to increase people’s chances of liking or believing something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena. Aral (A managerial economist at the Massachusetts institute of technology) says, from housing ___31___ to gold prices and from political polls to restaurant reviews, the ___32___ that other people like something has a powerful ability to make people like it themselves.The new study ___33___ how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive ___34___ of their own early reviews in the process, Aral adds.It found that effects were strongest when stories were about politics, business and cultures than for fun or lifestyle pieces. In situations where there are more ___35___ news reviews, you have to be a little more cautious about interpreting likes and dislikes.“Think twice before you trust, how many likes something has,” he adds. “That’s something you have to ___36___ with a grain of salt (持怀疑态度).” And it’s a situation many online users ___37___ on a daily basis.Aral recently went to review a restaurant with a plan to give it three out of five stars, but when he got to the ___38___, he was shown how other people describe the same place and those reviews include someone with five stars. Seeing those positive reviews made him think twice about his own ___39___ average opinion.“A woman ___40___ how great it is, how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great,” he says. “Maybe it’s not such a good idea to say some rating right before you make your own.”答案：31---40 GFIDC ABKEJ难度：中等31 leaders as men. But 200 years ago, most people didn't think so.As late as the middle of the 19th century only men voted in most Western countries. A few countries or states let women vote in local elections. But women voting was far from 32 . At that time, people believed that women belonged in the home. That meant they should not get involved with public life.But women in Europe, North America and New Zealand began 33 this situation. They believed that they should have a(n) 34 in their government's leaders. In 1792 an English novelist named Mary Wollstonecraft 35 that women should be able to vote. In the United States, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were important figures. They met while campaigning to put a(n) 36 to slavery. In the process, they decided that women also should have more 37 .Yet despite the 38 of these women neither Great Britain nor the United States was the first country to let women vote. That honor goes to New Zealand, which changed their law on September 19, 1893. This was because of women like Kate Shepherd. She led a group that presented petitions（请愿书）to their parliament three years in a row. Shepherd is now honored on New Zealand's $10 bill.New Zealand was followed by Australia in 1902 and Finland in 1906. By this time, some U.S. states and territories allowed women to vote. But the country as a whole didn't give women the right until after World War I.In many countries, the right to hold political office came along with the right to vote. And women have 39 that right. In many countries, women have even held their country's highest office. All of that is due to the efforts of the women who fought for a(n) 40 voice.答案：31---40 DAFGI EKCHJ难度：中等Windsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been (31)______ continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs (君主）one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against (32)_______ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western (33)_______ to the capital. The outer walls of today’s structure are in the same position as those of the (34) ______ castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends the weekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is (35)_______ used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most (36)_______ bits --the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are (37)_______ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It (38)_______ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery (39)______ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen (40)______ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.答案：31-35IAHBC36-40DFKEG难度：偏难They’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group 31 , even from their Millennial (千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their old er brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may seem slight, but they 32 the appearance of a new generation.The 33 between Millennialelders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has 34 the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically 35 life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of “ingeneration”.Rosen says portability is the key. They are 36 from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected—even in class, where cell phones are 37 banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens 38 distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change 39 .“The growth on the use of technology with children is very rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think. We have to give them options because they want their world40 ,” Rosen says.答案：31---40 JEHAG KIBFC难度：偏难Workforce of the FutureThe workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are ___31___ the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace.To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee benefits provider Unum UK ___32___ with The Future Laboratory to survey 3,000 workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce.The result outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the ___33___ of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled workers.“Obligated workers” refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation, ___34___ raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career ___35___ to life stages and events and financial security. Joel Defries, 33, father of one kid and partner at London V odka said, “A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave (陪产假) and to value my family just as much as I value my job.”Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills rather than ___36___ to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them ___37___ both their personal and professional ambitions. They treat personal commitments and pursuits as ___38___ to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, ___39___ a full-time employee, now working part-time in a caféand also assisting with her grandmother’s care said, “My approach to work allows me the freedom to ___40___ my career at my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and do whatever makes me happy at the time.”答案：31~35 GABIE36~40 KFJCD难度：中等Artificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically used to treat burns.Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to __31__at least some of the skin's basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin __32__ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can __33__. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra, functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen(股原质)__34__. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable(可生物降解的). It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical__35__, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause __36__ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not __37__ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’óreal have already used artificial skin to test many __38__ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing __39 __ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body's immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be __40__ by the patient's body.答案：31-35 F C E A I 36-40 K J G B D难度：中等Is climate change consuming your favorite foods?Coffee: Whether or not you try to limit yourself to one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world’s coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. Coffee __31__ in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and unstable rainfall patterns, which invite disease and __32__ species to live on the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield and less coffee in your cup. It is estimated that, if current climate patterns continue, half of the areas __33__ suitable for coffee production won’t be by the year 2050.Tea: When it comes to tea, warmer climates and unstable quantity of water falling to earth aren’t only __34__ the world’s tea-growing regions, they’re also messing with its distinct flavor. For example, in India, the Indian Monsoon has brought more intense rainfall, making tea flavor weaker. Recent research coming out of the University of Southampton suggests that tea-producing areas in some places, __35__ East Africa, could decline by as much as 55 percent by 2050 as the quantity of water falling to earth and temperatures change. Tea pickers are also feeling the __36__ of climate change. During harvest season, increased air temperatures are creating an increased risk of heatstroke for field workers.Seafood: Climate change is affecting the world’s aquaculture as much as its agriculture. As air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and __37__ warming of their own. The result is a decline in fish population, including in lobsters (who are cold-blooded creatures), and salmon (whose eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temperature). Warmer waters also __38__ toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans whenever ingested with raw seafood, like oysters or sashimi.And that __39__ “crack” you get when eating crab and lobster? It could be silenced as shellfish struggle to build their calcium (碳) carbonate shells, a result of ocean acidification (absorb carbon dioxide from the air). According to a study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world’s seafood __40__ would run out by the year 2050.答案：31-40 D J C A I K B G E H难度：中等There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where __31__ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success.Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is __32__ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something ---say painting or speaking foreign languages --- but this ability can be improved through __33__ practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally(理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you __34__ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control --- your behavior, your planning, your reactions ---and change them.The primary __35__ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it --- a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win __36__, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to __37__. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to __38__ your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure __39__ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy, you should give a second thought to the __40__ of your goal and even set a new one.答案：31-40 DEAHB FCIJG难度：中等Want to figure out if someone is a psychopath (精神变态者)? Ask them what their favourite song is. A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem’s Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber’s What Do You Mean? were more likely to (31) highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits.Over the past few years, Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic (32) in an attempt to help marketers (33) consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they’re in. They infer this from the sort of music you’re listening to, (34) with where and when you’re listening to it, along with third-party data that might be available.Now, to be clear, there’s nothing particularly (35) about what Spotify is doing with your data. I certainly don’t think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you’re listening to the songs that (36) you might be in a casually racist mood. Nevertheless, I find it (37) that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers.You can see where this could go, can’t you? As ad targeting gets ever more complicated, marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in (38) exploitative ways. According to one study, titled Misery Is Not Miserly, you are more likely to spend more on a (39) if you’re feeling sad. You can imagine some companies might take advantage of that. And on that note, I’m feeling a little down about all this. I’ll (40)________ off to treat myself to something expensive.答案：31—40：I H F A K G D J E C难度：偏难。