100个最常用的语言学术语(欧美语言学)

100个最常用的语言学术语（“欧美语言学”课）

1.语言language

2.语言学linguistics

3.语言学家linguist；philologist

4.语法grammar

5.语法单位grammatical unit

6.语法形式grammatical form

7.语法意义grammatical meaning

8.语法手段grammatical device

9.语法范畴grammatical category

10.元音vowel

11.辅音consonant

12.语文学philology

13.传统语法traditional grammar

14.历史比较语言学historical comparative linguistics

15.转换生成语法transformational generative grammar

16.结构主义语言学structural linguistics

17.应用语言学applied linguistic

18.方言dialect

19.语言教学language teaching

20.语言规划language planning

21.语言政策language policy

22.语言学习策略language learning strategy

23.发现程序discovery procedure

24.语境context；language environment

25.中介语interlanguage

26.音位phoneme

27.音节syllable

28.语素morpheme

29.词法morphology

30.句法syntax

31.交际法communicative approach

32.认知cognition

33.习得acquisition

34.第二语言second language

35.第二语言习得second language acquisition （SLA）

36.自由语素free morpheme

37.黏着语素bound morpheme

38.复合词compound word

39.普遍语法universal grammar，UG

40.词类part of speech

41.直接法direct method

42.认同identification

43.语言能力language competence

44.语言机能language faculty

45.交际能力communicative competence

46.人工语言artificial language

47.外语foreign language

48.术语terminology；technical terms

49.比较comparison

50.对比语言学contrastive linguistics

51.词典学lexicography

52.母语mother tongue；native language

53.语感linguistic intuition

54.语料库corpus

55.句子sentence

56.前缀prefix

57.结构structure

58.希腊语Greek

59.拉丁语Latin

60.梵语Sanskrit

61.语音学phonetics

62.词汇学lexicology；lexics

63.语用学pragmatics

64.语源学（词源学）etymology

65.词典学lexicography

66.地理语言学geographic linguistics

67.儿童语言学the study of child language

68.翻译学translatology

69.机器翻译machine translation

70.计算语言学computational linguistics

71.目的语target language

72.普通语言学general linguistics

73.社会语言学sociolinguistics

74.实验语音学experimental phonetics

75.缩略语abbreviation

76.统计语言学statistical linguistics

77.外来词/外语词loanword；foreign words

78.网络语言cyber language；language used on the Internet

79.文化语言学cultural linguistics

80.心理语言学psycholinguistics

81.音译词transliterated word

82.语言信息处理language information processing

83.语言哲学philosophy of language

84.自然语言natural language

85.格case

86.逻辑学logic；logistics

87.修辞学rhetoric

88.词word

89.相关性relativity

90.黏着agglutination

91.语言类型学linguistic typology

92.音位学phonology；phonemics；phonematics

93.构拟reconstruction

94.组合关系syntactic relations；syntagma

95.聚合关系paradigmatic relations

96.功能function

97.变体variant

98.屈折inflection

99.派生derivation

100.直接成分immediate constituents （IC）