建筑工程施工安全风险评价研究分析

摘要

安全关系着个人、家庭乃至社会的命脉，是经济发展和社会稳定的基本条件，同时也是发展国民生产力、促进社会经济可持续健康发展的基本保证。上海的“11.15”事件再次给人们敲响了警钟，安全事故造成的危害和影响倍受各界的关注。尽管我国对建筑施工安全生产非常重视，各个施工企业也做了大量的安全工作，但由于施工项目的多样性、施工环境的复杂性、安全技术及安全管理在现阶段还存在很多不足之处。所以如何保障和提高建筑施工现场的安全性就成为建筑工程施工中重要的研究课题。

本文以风险管理和安全管理等理论为基础，在深入调查国内外建筑安全管理现状的基础上，从建筑工程施工阶段的危险源识别和分析工作开始，结合人的原因、物（即机械、材料等）的原因、环境的原因和管理的原因四个方面，对施工现场四口五临边、脚手架、机械设备、施工坍塌和线路触电五大风险因素进行了合理的分析和评价。结合建筑工程施工阶段安全风险管理特点，通过对建筑工程施工阶段安全风险因素的分析，建立了基于作业条件风险评价法和模糊综合评价法的建筑工程施工安全风险评价指标体系，构建了LEC-FCE的评价模型。并选择了南京市六合区“紫晶广场”工程项目为实证研究对象进行实证分析。通过查阅资料、实地调研和专家咨询等获得相关项目数据。根据项目具体情况，运用LEC方法计算得出各级指标的具体权重，再利用FCE方法对建筑工程施工阶段安全风险现状进行评价，得出该项目安全管理应该注意的风险因素和安全等级，评价结果符合实际情况。最后结合理论研究和实证研究的分析，探讨了相关的建筑工程项目施工安全风险管理的应对策略，以期对建筑工程安全风险管理水平提高有所帮助，减少建筑工程施工中安全事故的发生。

关键词：建筑施工；安全风险；评价指标；LEC；模糊综合评价

Abstract

Safety relates to individual, family and the life vein of the society. It is not only the basis of economy development and social stability, but also the assurance for developing citizen's productivity and promoting the social economy. "11.15" affairs in Shanghai again warned people of safety. The damage and influence of safety accidents caused much concern of the public. Though much attention has been paid to construction safety production and many measures have been taken by construction business enterprise, there is a great deal need to be done due to diversity and complexity in construction items and environment, and in safety management. So how to guarantee and raise the safety of the construction site becomes an important topic in construction engineering research.,

This text, which is based on risk management, safety management and other theories. analyzes and evaluates the platforms and furrows, scaffold, machine equipments, collapse and electric shock, which are of the biggest five risk factors. It starts with risk identification and evaluation on the construction engineering construction stage, combining the investigation of domestic and international construction safety management, and the analysis of different factors: labors, equipment, environment and management. It establishes a risk evaluation index system of architectural engineering safety and builds the LEC-FCE evaluation model according to Work Condition Danger Evaluation and Comprehensive Evaluation. In this article an empirical study is given choosing “Zijing square” project in Luhe District, Nanjing as objective of study. The article collect data through literature searches, scene researching and consulting of specialist. It conducts calculation analysis to determine the value of indexes at all levels, according to concrete conditions of the project and with the application of LEC method.Then with the application of LCE method, it evaluates construction engineering construction stage and get risk factors and security classes for project safety management. The conclusion agrees with actual conditions. In the end, combining with both academic and practical analysis, the article illustrate the strategy of related construction engineering project safety management, in order to improve safety management, and to avoid accidents in construction engineering project.

Key words：construction；safety risk；evaluation index；LEC；fuzzy comprehensive evaluation