新概念第二册语法总结

1. 被动语态（二）

will/must/can/would/could/have to be done

have/has been done

must have been done

drive 用法

home/house

2. 介词用法：见书

3. 复习

there be句型

it做为虚主语可以用来表示时间，天气，温度，距离，人或指代一个句子或不定式。

4. Summary of Unit two

5. 并列句

我们可以将几个简单句连在一起,组成并列句,常用以下连词:

and, but, so, yet, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but …as well, not only…but also

主谓一致:

当主语由and , both…and 连接时,通常用复数谓语.

Both the girls and the boy are his friends.

当主语由neither… nor, either…or, not only…but also或or 连接时,谓语动词与nor, or, but also后面的一致,在英语语法中，这被称为就

近一致.

Neither he nor I am going to the airport.

Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad.

6. 一般现在时的复习,状态动词,标点符号的使用.

以下一些动词很少用与进行时态:

appear(看起来), appreciate(鉴赏), believe(相信), feel(感觉到), forget(忘记), hear(听见), know(知道), like(喜欢), look like(看起来像), notice(注意到), remember(记得), resemble(形似), see(看到), think(认为), understand(理解), have(拥有),love(爱), seem(看起来), show(显示), mind(介意), sound(听起来), hate(讨厌), detest(憎恨), desire(意欲),

引号:

引号位于一行之上,应该在句尾其他标点符号, 如逗号,句号,问好之外.

引语的第一个词以大写字母开头.

在said, asked, 等词后面用逗号,只有当它们位于句尾时才在它们后面用句号.

当said, asked等词置于引语之间时,句子的后半部分以小写开头.

当一个新的说话人开始讲话时, 要另起一个段落.

7. 复习一般过去时/不规则过去式和过去分词

常用不规则动词过去式和过去分词在英语里约有300多个

put up(搭建), put out(扑灭), put on(穿上), put sb. up(为某人安排住宿), put up with(容忍), put down(抄写), put off(推迟), put away(放好，放到一边去)

8. 现在完成时复习/定语从句(见复合句部分)

l 与现在完成时连用的时间副词:

yet, just, before, recently, lately, ever, never,

so far(迄今为止), up till now(直到现在), up to now(直到现在), since(自从), for a long time(很长时间), in the past/in the last few years(在过去的几年里), these days(目前),

l 某些非延续性动词(动作开始变终止的动词), 在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配:

例如:die, arrive, join, leave, go, refuse , fail, finish, buy, marry, divorce, awake, buy, borrow, lend, 这些动词并非不能用在现在完成时,而是不能接由for引导的时间状语.但是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用.

Jane has gone away for a month. (wrong)

Jane has been away for a month.(right)

His father has died for two years. (wrong)

His father has been dead for two years.(right)

has gone to (去了某地,指人还在那里), have been to (去过某地, 人已经不在那里了)。

9. 一般过去时对比过去完成时,现在分词/过去分词

refuse/deny, bring/take/fetch, very/too

10. 冠词用法

定冠词用法

(1)特指

(2)地理名词前加定冠词

l 河流the yellow river

l 山脉the Alps, the Himalayas

l 海峡海湾the Taiwan Straits, the English Channel

(3)由普通名词构成的专有名词前要加定冠词

l 国名及政治组织名the United States, the United Kingdom l 某些机构学校及建筑名the British Museum

l 由普通名词构成的报刊杂志名the New York Times, the Times

零冠词

1. 街名

2. 广场名

3. 车站, 机场, 公园, 桥梁名: Kennedy Airport, Beijing Railway Station, London Bridge

4. 大学名Yale University, Cambridge University

5. 节日名National Day, May Day, News Years’ Day

6. 多数杂志名Time, Reader’s Digest

7. 物质名词一般意义Water boils at 100 degrees. We can not live without air.

8. 抽象名词Life is short. Art is difficult to appreciate. ed to do 用法