新概念第二册语法总结

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新概念英语第二册重要句型和语法汇总

新概念英语第二册重要句型和语法汇总

Lesson 1简单陈述句的语序1)句子种类:按句子结构分为简单句、并列句、复合句2)句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语3)简单句的基本成分和语序:参考教材第14页的表格和练习一、重要句型或语法Lesson 21、时态复习1)一般现在时,如:I never get up early on Sundays.2)现在进行时,如:I'm still having breakfast.2、感叹句1)由what引导的感叹句,强调名词,如:What a hot day!2)由how引导的感叹句,强调形容词或副词,如:How hot it is today! / How fast he runs!Lesson 31、时态复习一般过去时,表示过去发生的事情,如:The driver of that car hit that post over there.2、双宾动词1)双宾动词是指某些动词后面可以跟两个宾语,表物的为直接宾语,表人的为间接宾语。

2)注意区分双宾动词后间接宾语前用to还是for的区别,一般表示动作对某人而做用to,表示动作为某人而做用for。

如:He passed the salt to me. / She bought the tie for me.Lesson 4时态复习现在完成时,表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响或结果,如:I have seen the film.该句可能暗含的潜台词是:我对这部电影的情节比较了解了或者我不愿意再看这部电影了。

1)标志性词语:already/just/yet/never/ever2)常见时间状语:recently/lately;in the past/latest+一段时间;up to now/so far3)have been to(去过已回)与have gone to(去了未回)的区别4)瞬间动词(可用于完成时,但不能与一段时间连用)与持续动词的区别5)since(+具体时间/时间点)与for(+一段时间/时间段)的区别Lesson 51、时态复习1)一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作或状态,如:Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. / He was very tired after a whole day's work last night.2)现在完成时,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,如:He has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. / In this way, he has begun his own private'telephone' service.2、有关way的短语1)in the way,表示挡路了或是按照某种方法/方式,如:The chair is in the way. / Do the job in the way your teacher has shown you.2)on the way,表示在路上,如:On the way home, I bought some cakes for my daughter.3)in this way,表示用这种方法,如:In this way, he has saved more than five thousand dollars.4)by the way,表示顺便说一下,如:By the way, have you seen Tom recently?5)in a way,表示在某种意义上,如:In a way, he is more than a teacher to us.Lesson 61、冠词的用法1)不定冠词a/an,如:a pen, an egg2)定冠词the,如:A dog is barking at me. The dog is black and white.3)零冠词,即不用冠词的情况,如人名和地名前面,如:John lives in London.2、短语动词的用法短语动词指的是后面跟上介词或副词后、意思会发生变化的动词。

新概念二语法知识汇总

新概念二语法知识汇总

新概念二语法知识汇总
新概念英语二是一套著名的英语教材,其语法知识较为系统和全面,以下是一些语法知识的总结:
1. 动词时态:新概念二涵盖了常见的时态,如一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和过去将来时等。

2. 被动语态:被动语态是英语中一个复杂的时态,新概念二介绍了被动语态的结构和用法。

3. 谓语动词:新概念二强调了谓语动词的重要性,并介绍了谓语动词的种类和用法。

4. 宾语从句:宾语从句是英语中一个重要的句型,新概念二介绍了宾语从句的结构和用法。

5. 定语从句:定语从句是英语中一个重要的句型,新概念二介绍了定语从句的结构和用法。

6. 介词:新概念二介绍了各种介词的用法,如 in、out、under、over 等。

7. 句子成分:新概念二介绍了句子中各种成分的用法,如主语、谓语、宾语等。

8. 从句:新概念二介绍了从句的种类和用法,如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等。

9. 感叹句:感叹句是英语中的一种句型,新概念二介绍了感叹句的结构和用法。

10. 名词和代词:新概念二介绍了名词和代词的种类和用法,如
单数名词、复数名词、代词等。

总之,新概念二的语法知识较为系统和全面,可以帮助学习者系统地学习英语语法,提高英语语法水平。

新概念第二册每课的语法重点整理

新概念第二册每课的语法重点整理

新概念第二册每课的语法重点整理第1课- 介词的用法:in, on, at 等表示时间、地点和方式的介词的用法和区别。

第2课- 被动语态: 被动语态的构成和用法,如何将主动句改写为被动句。

第3课- 不定代词:some, any, no, every等不定代词的用法和区别。

第4课- 动词的时态:一般现在时,一般过去时以及一般将来时的构成和用法。

第5课- 非谓语动词:动词不定式、动名词和分词的形式和用法。

第6课- 数量的表达:基数词和序数词,还有一些常见的数量词的用法。

第7课- 情态动词:can, could, may, might等情态动词的用法。

第8课- 连词的使用:and, but, or, so等连接词的用法和区别。

第9课- 名词的所有格:名词所有格的构成和用法,以及经典的名词所有格的错误用法。

第10课- 现在完成时:现在完成时的构成和用法,与一般过去时的区别。

第11课- 介词短语:介词短语作状语的用法和常见表达方式。

第12课- 虚拟语气:if条件句和虚拟语气的构成和用法。

第13课- 比较级和最高级:形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成和用法。

第14课- 状语从句:时间、地点、原因、条件等状语从句的引导词和用法。

第15课- 间接引语:直接引语和间接引语的转换和用法。

第16课- 冠词的使用:冠词a, an和the的用法和区别。

第17课- 时态的混合使用:不同时态的混合使用,如何表达不同的时间关系。

第18课- 直接引语:如何准确地引述他人的原文,注意引号和标点的使用。

第19课- 句型的使用:如何正确地使用倒装句、感叹句和祈使句。

第20课- 能愿动词:能愿动词的构成和用法,如何表达能力和意愿。

第21课- 主谓一致:主谓一致的原则和方法。

第22课- 介词的构成:介词形式的构成和用法,以及常见的介词短语。

第23课- 代词的使用:人称代词、物主代词和不定代词的用法和区别。

第24课- 婉转的表达:如何用委婉的方式表达意见、请求和建议。

新概念二语法点总结

新概念二语法点总结

新概念2语法知识点总结一、一般现在时:1.构成:使用动词原形,第三人称单数须有变化。

(1)直接加“s”,works,takes(2)以辅音加“y”结尾,变“y”为“i”,再加“es”carry → carries(3)以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”goes dresses watches brushes2.功能:(1)表现在的事实、状态或动作:eg: . Birds fly.. She loves music.. Mary's parents get up very early.(2)表习惯性动作或职业,常与often,sometimes,usually,always,every week,seldom,occasionally,frequently等时间副词连用。

eg: . I always take a walk after supper.. She writes to me very often.. Tom and his girlfriend go out to take a picnic occasionally.(3)表客观真理,格言警句或事实:. The earth moves round the sun.. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.. Two and two makes four.. No man but errs. 人非圣贤,熟能无过。

(4)表将来:A.在由when,after, before,as,as soon as,although,because,if,even if,in case,till,until,unless,so long as,where,whatever,wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。

(黄金重点,所有考试都不放过它!)例如: . I'll tell her when shecomes tomorrow.. Even ifit rains this afternoon, I'll meet you.. Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed. (不错的句型,背下!!). I'll be right here waiting for you wherever you go.(很感人的句型!)B.按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件,用一般现在时表达将来时概念。

新概念第二册各单元的语法要点归纳

新概念第二册各单元的语法要点归纳

新概念第二册各单元的语法要点归纳第一单元 - 学外语的好处- 句型:It is (not) + 形容词 + (for somebody) + to do something - 示例:It is important for us to learn a foreign language.- 句型:It is said/believed/thought/reported that ...- 示例:It is reported that English is spoken all over the world.第二单元 - 生活在一个大城市- 句型:There be + 名词(单数/复数)+ (地点)- 示例:There is a park near my house.- 句型:What color/size/shape + be + 主语?- 示例:What color is your car?第三单元 - 海底勘探- 句型:现在进行时(be动词 + 动词ing)- 示例:They are looking for oil under the sea.- 句型:需要/应该/可以/能够 + 动词原型- 示例:We can use machines to explore the ocean floor.第四单元 - 名人的生活- 句型:情态动词 + 动词原型- 示例:She can sing very well.- 句型:主语 + be + 形容词 + to do something- 示例:Be patient to wait for your turn.第五单元 - 健康与健身- 句型:情态动词 + 动词原型- 示例:You should exercise regularly.- 句型:主语 + need(s) + to do something- 示例:We need to eat a balanced diet.第六单元 - 书信写作- 句型:谓语动词 + 宾语 + 动词-ing- 示例:I enjoy reading books.- 句型:It is + adj. + of + somebody + to do something - 示例:It is kind of you to help me.第七单元 - 未来生活- 句型:将来时态(will/shall + 动词原型)- 示例:We will have robots to do household chores.- 句型:It is + adj. + that + 从句- 示例:It is certain that technology will change our lives.第八单元 - 代购- 句型:情态动词 + be + adj. + to do something- 示例:I must be careful not to buy counterfeit products. - 句型:主语 + be + 形容词 + of + 宾语- 示例:The article is full of useful information.第九单元 - 旅游- 句型:现在完成时态(have/has + 过去分词)- 示例:I have visited many cities in Europe.- 句型:It is + adj./adv. + that + 从句- 示例:It is true that travel broadens the mind.。

新概念英语第二册语法

新概念英语第二册语法

新概念英语第二册语法关于新概念英语第二册语法汇总《新概念英语》在中国有40多年的历史,每年有数百万不同层次不同类型的学习者,已成为英语学习者的必选读物。

以下是店铺为大家整理的新概念英语第二册语法汇总,欢迎阅读!新概念英语第二册语法1一、表示强调的方式1.用形容词“very”,“single”等表示强调e.g.Red Army fought a battle on this very spot.红军就在此地打过一仗。

Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon.今天下午竟然没有一个人来过办公室。

2.用反身代词表示强调e.g.I myself will see her off at the station.我将亲自到车站为她送行。

You can do it well yourself.你自己能做好这件事情。

3.用助词“do”表示强调e.g.The baby is generally healthy,but every now and then she does catch a cold.那孩子的健康状况尚好,但就是偶尔患感冒。

Do be quiet.I told you I had a headache.务必安静,我告诉过你,我头疼。

4.用副词“very”,“only”,“even”,“too”等表示强调e.g.He drank it to the very last drop.他把它喝得一干二净。

Only in this way can we wipe out the enemy troops.只有用这样的方法我们才能消灭敌军。

He didn't answer even my letter.他甚至连我的信都未回。

I will too go!我要去的!5.用“...and that”,“...and those”,“not...too much”,“否定加否定”等结构表示强调e.g.They fulfilled the task,and that in a few days.他们在几天内完成的就是那项任务。

新概念第二册语法知识点汇总

新概念第二册语法知识点汇总

新概念第二册语法知识点汇总一、时态。

1. 一般现在时。

- 用法:- 表示经常的或习惯性的动作。

例如:He often gets up at six o'clock.(他经常六点钟起床。

)- 表示客观事实或普遍真理。

The earth moves around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。

)- 结构:- 主语为第三人称单数(he/she/it等)时,动词要加 -s或 -es。

如:She likes reading.(她喜欢阅读。

)- 主语为其他人称时,动词用原形。

I play football every weekend.(我每个周末踢足球。

)2. 一般过去时。

- 用法:- 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

I saw him yesterday.(我昨天见到他了。

)- 结构:- 动词一般用过去式,规则动词的过去式一般在词尾加 -ed,如:work - worked。

不规则动词有特殊的过去式形式,如:go - went,see - saw。

3. 现在进行时。

- 表示现在正在进行的动作。

Look! She is dancing.(看!她正在跳舞。

)- 结构:- be动词(am/is/are)+动词的 -ing形式。

He is reading a book.(他正在读一本书。

)4. 过去进行时。

- 用法:- 表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。

At that time yesterday, I was doing my homework.(昨天那个时候,我正在做家庭作业。

)- 结构:- was/were+动词的 -ing形式。

They were playing football at threeo'clock yesterday afternoon.(他们昨天下午三点正在踢足球。

)5. 现在完成时。

- 用法:- 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

I have lost my key.(我把钥匙丢了。

新概念第二册语法总结

新概念第二册语法总结

新概念英语二册语法总结(新东方张燕老师)1.简单句的结构:主语+谓语+宾语+状语(地点状语+方式状语+时间状语)时间状语还可以放在句首2.一般现在时,现在进行时感叹句:what+名词+主语+谓语,how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语频度副词:位于主语和谓语之间,常见频度副词及其程度的深浅:always, often, usually, frequently, sometimes, hardly, rarely, seldom, neverI always buy CDs on Sundays.3.一般过去时直接宾语和间接宾语:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务,也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或者是为谁做的。

所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。

He gives me a book.me间接宾语, a book直接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for,to表示动作对谁而做,for表示动作为谁而做。

主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语Give the book to me.Send a letter to him.I bought a coat for my mother.4.现在完成时,注意频度及时间副词的位置receive/take5.复习:一般过去时与现在完成时的区别in the way/on the way/in this way/by the way/in a way/get out of my way/Don’t stand in my way./by the way/no wayspare/to spare6.冠词用法(一)1.不定冠词用于修饰单数可数名词,当一个单词的第一个发音为元音时要用冠词an, 如果是辅音用a即可。

2.不定冠词还可以用来修饰一类事物,有时候也可以省略:A cat is a lovely animal. Cat is a lovely animal.3.不可数名词加冠词表示一类事物:Apple is a fruit.4.如果特制某人,某物或上文提过的人或物时要用定冠词the5.Some表示一些,可以修饰可数名词及不可数名词。

新概念英语第二册-目录-语法总结

新概念英语第二册-目录-语法总结
New Concept English Book II
Unit 01
Lesson 1 A private conversation私人谈话
Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch?早餐还是午餐?
Lesson 3 Please send me a card请给我寄一张明信片
Lesson 4 An exciting trip激动人心的旅行
Lesson91 Three men in a basket三人同篮
Lesson92 Asking for trouble自找麻烦
Lesson93 A noble gift崇高的礼物
Lesson94 Future champions未来的冠军
Lesson95 A fantasy纯属虚构
Lesson96 The dead return亡灵返乡
定冠词the的用法;some与any的区别
过去进行时与一般过去时;use to的用法
比较结构表示法;Little和few的用法
用于表示目的和方向的介词和副词
被动语态用法补充
Will和be going to
一般将来完成时;将来完成进行时
过去完成时与从属连词when,before,after,until
Lesson58 A blessing in disguise?是因祸得福吗?
Lesson59 In or out?进来还是出去?
Lesson60 The future卜算未来
Lesson61 Trouble with the Hubble哈勃望远镜的困境
Lesson62 After the fire大火之后
Lesson21 Mad or not?是不是疯了?
Lesson22 A glass envelope玻璃信封

新概念2语法知识点总结(完美精华版)

新概念2语法知识点总结(完美精华版)

新概念2语法知识点总结(完美精华版)第一部分、时态总结一、一般过去时一、定义1. 表示过去的动作或状态,常和明确的过去时间状语连用,如: yesterday, last week, three days ago, in 1998,just now 等,或与由 when 引导的从句连用。

2. 也可以表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复出现的动作。

句子中常带有 every day, often, usually, always, sometimes等时间状语。

例: When I worked in the company, I got up early every morning.在那家公司上班时,我每天早晨都起得很早。

In the past few years she usually went touring during her summer holidays.在过去的几年里,每逢暑假她总是出去旅游。

二、一般过去时态句子结构1 . Be 动词的一般过去时态在没有实义动词的句子中使用 be 动词, am is 的过去式为 was; are 的过去式为 were.如: I was late yesterday.We weren't late yesterday.She wasn't a teacher three years ago.Were you ill yesterday?Were they once your classmates ? ---Yes, I was. ---No, I wasn't.Who were your best friends in your primary school?2. 实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词 do 和 does 的过去式 did.如: I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.I didn't go home yesterday. He didn't tell me about you.Did you go home yesterday? ---Yes, I did. ---No, I didn't.When did you finish your homework last night/the day before yesterday?3. 助动词和情态动词过去式如下:shall ― should (将要)用于第一人称单数will ― would (将要)用于所有人称can ― could (能,会)may ― might (可以)must ― must (必须) have to ― had to (不得不)助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式,后面的动词还使用原形。

新概念第二册语法知识点汇总(完美版)

新概念第二册语法知识点汇总(完美版)

新概念第二册一般现在时1. 用法:①表示经常性的动作或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用例:Mrs. Sawyer stays at home every day.②表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征例:He is a careless boy. 他是一个粗心的男孩。

③表示一种状态例:There is a picture of his dog on the wall. 墙上挂着一张他狗狗的照片。

④表示客观事实和普遍真理例:The earth moves around the sun. 地球围着太阳转。

2. 标志词:频率副词(always; usually; often; sometimes; rarely; never)every… 每个…; once… …一次; twice… …两次; …times …几次in the morning / afternoon / evening; at noon / night; on Sundays3. 构成:①当句中动词为Be动词时:肯定句:主语+ Be动词(am / is / are)+ 其它否定句:主语+ Be not(am not / isn’t / aren’t)+ 其它一般疑问句:Be动词(am / is / are)+ 主语+ 其它?②当句中动词为情态动词时:肯定句:主语+ 情态动词+ 其它否定句:主语+ 情态动词+ not + 其它一般疑问句:情态动词+ 主语+ 其它?③当句中动词为实义动词时:肯定句:主语+ 实义动词+ 其它否定句:主语+ don’t / doesn’t + 实义动词原形+ 其它一般疑问句:Do / Does + 主语+ 实义动词原形+ 其它?●特别注意:一般现在时,当主语为第三人称单数时,实义动词变其三单形式。

do和does为一般现在时的助动词,在否定句及疑问句中辅助实义动词使用,当句中有助动词do和does时,实义动词变原形(吸星大法/ 照妖镜)。

新概念第二册的语法知识归纳

新概念第二册的语法知识归纳

新概念第二册的语法知识归纳一、冠词在新概念第二册中,冠词主要分为两类:定冠词和不定冠词。

1. 定冠词定冠词包括 "the",表示特指某一人或物。

在句中,定冠词通常放在名词前面。

例:- The sun is shining.- Have you seen the book?2. 不定冠词不定冠词包括 "a" 和 "an",表示泛指一类人或物。

在句中,不定冠词通常放在名词前面。

例:- I need a pen.- She is an actress.二、动词时态新概念第二册中涉及到的动词时态包括:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在进行时。

1. 一般现在时一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或状态。

其构成为:主语 + 动词原形。

例:- I work in an office.- He likes playing basketball.2. 一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态。

其构成为:主语 + 动词过去式。

例:- They went to the park yesterday.- She studied English in college.3. 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或状态。

其构成为:主语 + will + 动词原形。

例:- We will have a meeting tomorrow.- He will visit his parents next week.4. 现在进行时现在进行时表示当前正在进行的动作。

其构成为:主语 +am/is/are + 动词ing 形式。

例:- They are watching a movie now.- She is cooking dinner.三、虚拟语气虚拟语气用于表示与事实相反的假设情况。

在新概念第二册中,常见的虚拟语气包括:虚拟条件句和愿望句。

1. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句常以 "if" 引导,表示与现在或过去事实相反的假设情况。

新概念英语第二册

新概念英语第二册

新概念英语第二册语法总结新概念英语第二册语法总结:将来完成时将来完成时:1.构成:shall/will have+过去分词2.功能:表示将来某时之前已经完成的动作。

►.They will have been here for 5 years next Friday►.By the end of next term,the students will have finished the book.过去将来完成时:1.构成:would/should have+过去分词2.功能:表示从过去某个时间看将来某时之前已经完成的动作。

►.He said that they would have arrived by seven o'clock.将来完成进行时:1.构成:shall/will have been+现在分2.功能:表示某一动作将继续到将来某时,且该动作此时尚未发生。

►.We shall have been staying here for four weeks when Tom arrives.►.It will have been raining for a week if it does not stop tomorrow.测试精编(综合训练)1.Simple photographic lenses can't________sharp,undistorted images over a wide field.A.to formB.are formedC.formingD.form2.Of all the factors affecting agricultural yields,weather is the one________the most.A.it influences farmersB.that influences farmersC.farmers that it influencesD.why farmers influence it3.By tracking the eye of a hurricane,forecasters can determine the speed at which______.A.is a storm movingB.a storm is movingC.is moving a stormD.a moving storm4.During the flood of 1927,the Red Cross,________out of emergency headquarters in Mississippi,set u p temporary shelters for the homeless.A.operates B.is operating C.has operated D.operating5.Of all the economically important plants,palms have been________.A.the least studiedB.study the leastC.study less and lessD.to study the less6.During an eclipse of the sun,________in the shadow of the Moon.A.the Earth liesB.the Earth when lyingC.that the Earth liesD.the lying Earth7.The photo periodic response of algae actually depends on the duration of darkness,___.A.the light is not onB.and not on lightC.but is not on the lightD.is not on light8.The wallflower_____because its weak stems often grow on walls and along strong cliffs for support.A.so called isB.so is calledC.is so calledD.called is so9.Because of its importance in modern living,________in all parts of the world.A.algebra is studied in schools and collegesB.studying algebra in schools and collegesC.and the study of algebra in schools and collegesD.in schools and colleges are algebra studies10.Sociologists have long recognized that social tension________.A.elements from group livingB.elements of a normal group lifeC.living are a group of elementsD.a re normal elements of group lifeKEYS1.D 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.D新概念英语第二册语法总结:现在完成时现在完成时:1.构成:have/has+过去分词2.功能:(1)表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。

最全的新概念英语第二册语法汇总

最全的新概念英语第二册语法汇总

最全的新概念英语第二册语法汇总一、基础语法1. 简单现在时:描述经常性、惯性或普遍性的动作或状态。

如:I go to school every day.2. 简单过去时:描述过去发生的动作或状态。

如:He visitedhis grandparents last weekend.3. 简单将来时:描述将来要发生的动作或状态。

如:We will have a party next week.4. 现在进行时:描述目前正在进行的动作。

如:She is studying for her exam.5. 过去进行时:描述过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。

如:They were playing soccer yesterday afternoon.6. 将来进行时:描述将来某个时间将会进行的动作。

如:I will be working late tonight.二、进阶语法1. 被动语态:表示动作的承受者在句中更重要。

如:The book was written by him.2. 间接引语:重述别人说的话,常常使用动词say、tell等。

如:He said that he was tired.3. 定语从句:用来修饰名词,常以关系代词who、which、that引导。

如:The man who is talking to Mary is my uncle.4. 倒装句:将句子的主语和谓语动词的位置颠倒。

如:Only by working hard can you achieve success.5. 条件句:表示假设、条件或可能性,分为三种类型。

如:If I have time, I will go to the party.6. 反意疑问句:通常由一个肯定句和一个否定短语组成。

如:You like coffee, don't you?三、高级语法2. 主语从句:作为句子的主语,由连词that引导。

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1. 被动语态(二)will/must/can/would/could/have to be donehave/has been donemust have been donedrive 用法home/house2. 介词用法:见书3. 复习there be句型it做为虚主语可以用来表示时间,天气,温度,距离,人或指代一个句子或不定式。

4. Summary of Unit two5. 并列句我们可以将几个简单句连在一起,组成并列句,常用以下连词:and, but, so, yet, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but …as well, not only…but also主谓一致:当主语由and , both…and 连接时,通常用复数谓语.Both the girls and the boy are his friends.当主语由neither… nor, either…or, not only…but also或or 连接时,谓语动词与nor, or, but also后面的一致,在英语语法中,这被称为就近一致.Neither he nor I am going to the airport.Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad.6. 一般现在时的复习,状态动词,标点符号的使用.以下一些动词很少用与进行时态:appear(看起来), appreciate(鉴赏), believe(相信), feel(感觉到), forget(忘记), hear(听见), know(知道), like(喜欢), look like(看起来像), notice(注意到), remember(记得), resemble(形似), see(看到), think(认为), understand(理解), have(拥有),love(爱), seem(看起来), show(显示), mind(介意), sound(听起来), hate(讨厌), detest(憎恨), desire(意欲),引号:引号位于一行之上,应该在句尾其他标点符号, 如逗号,句号,问好之外.引语的第一个词以大写字母开头.在said, asked, 等词后面用逗号,只有当它们位于句尾时才在它们后面用句号.当said, asked等词置于引语之间时,句子的后半部分以小写开头.当一个新的说话人开始讲话时, 要另起一个段落.7. 复习一般过去时/不规则过去式和过去分词常用不规则动词过去式和过去分词在英语里约有300多个put up(搭建), put out(扑灭), put on(穿上), put sb. up(为某人安排住宿), put up with(容忍), put down(抄写), put off(推迟), put away(放好,放到一边去)8. 现在完成时复习/定语从句(见复合句部分)l 与现在完成时连用的时间副词:yet, just, before, recently, lately, ever, never,so far(迄今为止), up till now(直到现在), up to now(直到现在), since(自从), for a long time(很长时间), in the past/in the last few years(在过去的几年里), these days(目前),l 某些非延续性动词(动作开始变终止的动词), 在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配:例如:die, arrive, join, leave, go, refuse , fail, finish, buy, marry, divorce, awake, buy, borrow, lend, 这些动词并非不能用在现在完成时,而是不能接由for引导的时间状语.但是用在否定句中,非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用.Jane has gone away for a month. (wrong)Jane has been away for a month.(right)His father has died for two years. (wrong)His father has been dead for two years.(right)has gone to (去了某地,指人还在那里), have been to (去过某地, 人已经不在那里了)。

9. 一般过去时对比过去完成时,现在分词/过去分词refuse/deny, bring/take/fetch, very/too10. 冠词用法定冠词用法(1)特指(2)地理名词前加定冠词l 河流the yellow riverl 山脉the Alps, the Himalayasl 海峡海湾the Taiwan Straits, the English Channel(3)由普通名词构成的专有名词前要加定冠词l 国名及政治组织名the United States, the United Kingdom l 某些机构学校及建筑名the British Museuml 由普通名词构成的报刊杂志名the New York Times, the Times零冠词1. 街名2. 广场名3. 车站, 机场, 公园, 桥梁名: Kennedy Airport, Beijing Railway Station, London Bridge4. 大学名Yale University, Cambridge University5. 节日名National Day, May Day, News Years’ Day6. 多数杂志名Time, Reader’s Digest7. 物质名词一般意义Water boils at 100 degrees. We can not live without air.8. 抽象名词Life is short. Art is difficult to appreciate. ed to do 用法Used to do 表示过去常常做某事现在不做了I used to get up at seven o’clock.Experience, save, very/too2.比较级/最高级, 比较状语从句(见复合句-比较状语从句)A/one的区别3.介词用法Passed/past, next/other4.被动语态总结一般现在时: is/am/are done一般过去时: was/were done现在进行时: is/am/are being done现在完成时: have/has been done过去完成时: had been done一般将来时: will be done过去将来时: would be done过去进行时: was/were being done情态动词: can be done, must be done, could be done, may be done, might be done,情态动词完成式: can have been done,must have been done,could have been done, may have been done,might have been done, Call at(拜访某地), call out at(大声喊), call on(拜访某人), call sb up(给某人打电话), call off(取消)5.主语+谓语(感官动词)+doing表示正在发生的事情,+do 表示已经完成的动作.So/suchSo+adj. /adv.such+n.固定用法:so many6.一般将来时will/be going to dowill/be going to do一般情况下可以相互替换,但是要表示说话人决定做某事或者表示建议,请求, 肯定或不肯定等含义时只能用will.Watch/look at/follow, solid/firm/stable7.将来完成时Hold/look, look forward to(期望), look out(当心), look up (查询,), look sb. up(拜访某人)8.as if /though+虚拟语气, 过去完成时总结as if /though 常在描述行为的动词后面使用, 如act/look/feel/appear/smell/sound, 后面要用虚拟语气He looks as if he were a king.Her skin feels as if it were silk.The song sounds as if it were a sad story.He looked as if he had never lived in England.No sooner…than, hardly…when, country/countryside, continuously, continually,No sooner…than 一…就… 与过去完成时连用I had no sooner come into the room than it began to rain. The bell had no sooner rung than the game began.如果no sooner 放在句首, 主句的主谓结构倒装No sooner had I come into the room than it began to rain.No sooner had the bell rung than it began to rain. Hardly…when 几乎没来得及…就… 与过去完成时连用He had hardly got the money when the policeman caught him.I had hardly finished the last question when the exam ended.如果hardly…when放在句首, 主句的主谓结构倒装Hardly had he got the money when the policeman caught him. Hardly had I finished the last question when the exam ended.9.直接引语变间接引语1.引语前用that, 口语中可以省略2.根据句意改变人称3.时态变化: 一般现在时-一般过去时, 一般过去时-过去完成时, 一般将来时-过去将来时, 现在进行时-过去进行时, 现在完成时-过去完成时, can-could, may-might, must-had to,4.一些指示代词及表示地点及时间的词this-that, these-those, now-then, today, tonight-that day, that night, this week-that week, yesterday-the day before, the previous day, last week- the week before, two days ago-two days before(earlier), tomorrow-the next (following) day, next week-the following week, here-there, come, bring-go, take如果意思上没有必要改变就不用变了,比如在同一天说的话.She said she would come again tonight.He said he arrived yesterday morning.几种特殊的间接引语⏹ 特殊疑问句, 语序要变为陈述语序“Where are you going?” he asked.He asked me where I was going.⏹ 一般疑问句, 要加if/whether“Will you come tomorrow?” he asked.He asked if I would come the next day.⏹ 祈使句要变为不定式, 所使用的谓语要根据语气来选择“Stay here,” the policeman said.The policeman requested him to stay there.“Close the window, please,” my mother said.My mother asked me to close the window.常用的动词: advise, ask, beg, command(命令), order, warn, tell, urge(催促), invite, persuade, remind, forbid10.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法, make/do对现在事实的虚拟, if从句中谈论的是想象的情况,主句则推测想象的结果结构: 主句用过去时, 从句用过去将来时If you came here earlier, you would catch the train.If you spent more time on studying, you would get better result.If I were you, I would accept this offer.注意: 如果if从句中的动词是be, 那么应该在第一和第三人称单数名词后用 were.Make/do用法make conversation(聊天), make the bed(铺床), make a promise(许诺), make trouble(找麻烦), make progress(取得进步), make money(赚钱), make a speech(演讲,讲话), make mistakes(犯错误), make up one’s mind(下定决心)do one’s best(尽最大努力), do one’s homework(做家庭作业), do a few jobs(做家务), do sb. a favour(帮忙), do work(工作), do exercise(做练习), do shopping(购物), do business(做生意)。

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