经济术语翻译
有用的金融术语翻译
有用的金融术语翻译financial markets 金融市场savings and loans 储蓄存款与借款credit unions 信用社mortgages 抵押贷款(指房屋,土地等)auto loans 汽车消费贷款certificates of deposit 存款单银行对存款人将资金存放于银行一定期间所发给的证明文件,可分为可转让定存单(Negotiable CD)与不可转让定存单(Non-negotiable)managerial finance 财务管理wave of mergers 合并风浪,公司或组织的合并Common equity 普通股Par value股票的面值Retained earnings保留盈餘資產負債表中股東權益重要項目之一,表示公司的獲利保留,未以股利方式配發,並將保留盈餘做為公司長期營運資金或固定投資的資金來源。
(又稱未分配盈餘、盈餘公積、累計盈餘或保留淨利)Additional paid-in capital 附加的缴入资本(属于所有者权益)Discounted securities折价证券Treasury bills 国库券Repurchase agreement重购回协定。
Repurchase Agreement。
指资产的卖方同意在某特定日期,以特定价格再买回其所卖出资产的协议。
...Federal funds 联邦资金Banker’s acceptance银行承兑Commercial paper商业票据Certificate of deposit存款单Negotiable CD 可转让存单Eurodollar deposit 欧元存款Money market mutual funds货币市场的开放式资金Term loan定期贷款Coupon rate 票面利率General obligation bond市政债券可分两大类: (1)一般信用担保债券(generalobligation bond): 并无与特别项目挂钩的市政债券,其本息的偿付来自发行当局的综合收入--主要为地方政府的各种税收;Debenture 公司债券Subordinated debenture subordinated debenture次位债券. 一种无担保债券,发行机构万一破产,求偿顺位低于其他债券。
经济学英语词汇
经济学英语词汇在研究和学习经济学的过程中,掌握相关的英语词汇是非常重要的。
以下是一些经济学中常用的英语词汇及其含义:1、Economic:经济的,与经济相关的。
2、Finance:金融,财政。
3、Accounting:会计,会计学。
4、Market:市场,市场营销。
5、Price:价格,价值。
6、Currency:货币,通货。
7、Interest Rate:利率。
8、Exchange Rate:汇率。
9、Stock:股票,股份。
10、Bond:债券。
11、Futures:期货。
12、Options:期权。
13、Commodity:商品,大宗商品。
14、Price Index:价格指数。
15、Economy Growth:经济增长。
16、Unemployment Rate:失业率。
17、Inflation:通货膨胀。
18、Interest Rate Policy:利率政策。
19、Monetary Policy:货币政策。
20、Fiscal Policy:财政政策。
21、Supply-Side Economics:供给侧经济学。
22、Demand-Side Economics:需求侧经济学。
23、Comparative Advantage:比较优势。
24、Gains from Trade:贸易收益。
25、Barriers to Trade:贸易壁垒。
26、Dumping:倾销。
27、DumpingMargin:倾销差价。
28、Economic Liberalization:经济自由化。
29、Privatization:私有化。
30、Liberalization:自由化。
31、Globalization:全球化。
32、Protectionism:保护主义。
33、Stagflation:滞胀,即经济停滞与高通货膨胀、失业以及不景气并存的经济现象。
34、Recession:经济衰退,经济连续两个季度出现负增长。
常见经济术语及解释
常用经济名词解释汇编1、宏观调控:是国家对国民经济总量进行的调节与控制,是保证社会再生产协调发展的必要条件,也是社会主义国家管理经济的重要职能。
在中国,宏观调控的主要任务是:保持经济总量平衡,抑制通货膨胀,促进重大经济结构优化,实现经济稳定增长。
宏观调控主要运用价格、税收、信贷、汇率等经济手段和法律手段以及行政手段。
2、扩大内需:就是在生产相对过剩的情况下,调整经济结构(包括生产结构和消费结构),拓宽国际市场。
培育消费热点,以拉动经济的增长。
简言之,就是通过扩大投资需求和消费需求来拉动经济增长。
扩大内需必须实行积极的财政政策,稳健的货币政策和正确的消费政策。
3、经济周期:也称商业周期、景气循环,它是指经济运行中周期性出现的经济扩张与经济紧缩交替更迭、循环往复的一种现象。
是国民总产出、总收入和总就业的波动,是国民收入或总体经济活动扩张与紧缩的交替或周期性波动变化。
过去把它分为繁荣、衰退、萧条和复苏四个阶段,现在一般叫做衰退、谷底、扩张和顶峰四个阶段。
4、社会总产值:是指一定时期内(通常为1年)以货币表现的农业、工业、建筑业、运输邮电业和商业(包括饮食业和物资供销业)五大物质生产部门的总产值之和,也称社会总产品。
它是反映一个国家或地区在一定时期内物质生产总成果的重要指标。
它与国民生产总值不同之处在于,除了理论基础不同外,计算的范围和方法不同。
社会总产值是包括物耗在内的社会产品的总价值,而国民生产总值只是新增加的价值。
社会总产值只包括物质生产部门,而国民生产总值则包括非物质生产部门在内的国民经济各个部门。
5、GNP:英文Gross National Product的缩写,也就是国民生产总值,是指一个国家(地区)所有常住机构单位在一定时期内(年或季)收入初次分配的最终成果。
一个国家常住机构单位从事生产活动所创造的增加值(国内生产总值)在初次分配过程中主要分配给这个国家的常住机构单位,但也有一部分以劳动者报酬和财产收入等形式分配给该国的非常住机构单位。
考研经济金融类术语英语翻译
economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给current account 经常帐户 (美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帐户 (美作:checking-account holder) cheque 支票 (美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook)endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币 (美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods 制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity 生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩外部审计 external audit外国直接投资 foreign direct investment (FDI) 外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves外汇调剂 foreign exchange swap外汇占款 the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings外向型经济 export-oriented economy外债 external debt外资企业 foreign-funded enterprises完善现代企业制度 to improve the modern enterprise system完税凭证 tax payment documentation违法经营 illegal business委托存款 entrusted deposits稳步增长 steady growth稳健的银行系统 a sound banking system稳中求进 to make progress while ensuring stability无纸交易 book-entry(or paperless/scriptless)transaction物价监测 price monitoringX吸纳流动性 to absorb liquidity稀缺经济 scarcity economy洗钱 money laundering系统内调度 fund allocation within a bank系统性金融危机 systemic financial crisis下岗工人 laid-off employees下游企业 down-stream enterprises现场稽核 on-site examination现金滞留(居民手中) cash held outside the banking system乡镇企业 township and village enterprises(TVEs)消费物价指数 consumer price index(CPI)消费税 excise(consumption)tax消灭财政赤字 to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit销货款回笼 reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system销售平淡 lackluster sales协议外资金额 committed amount of foreign investment新经济增长点 new sources of economic growth新开工项目 new projects;newly started projects新增贷款 incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion新增就业位置 new jobs;new job opportunities信贷规模考核 review the compliance with credit ceilings信号失真 distorted signals信托投资公司 trust and investment companies信息不对称 information asymmetry信息反馈 feedback(information)信息共享系统 information sharing system信息披露 information disclosure信用扩张 credir expansion信用评级 credit rating姓“资”还是姓“社” pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist orcaptialist 行政措施 administrative measures需求膨胀 demand expansion; excessive demand虚伪存款 window-dressing deposits削减冗员 to shed excess labor force寻租 rent seeking迅速反弹 quick reboundY养老基金 pension fund一刀切 universal application;non-discretionary implementation一级市场 primary market应收未收利息 overdue interest银行网点 banking outlets赢利能力 profitability营业税 business tax硬贷款(商业贷款) commercial loans用地审批 to grant land use right有管理的浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate证券投资 portfolio investment游资(热钱) hot money有市场的产品 marketable products有效供给 effective supply诱发新一轮经济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion逾期贷款 overdue loans;past-due loans与国际惯例接轨 to become compatible with internationally accepted 与国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market预算外支出(收入) off-budget (extra-budgetary) expenditure(revenue) 预调 pre-emptive adjustment月环比 on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basisZ再贷款 central bank lending在国际金融机构储备头寸 reserve position in international financial institutions 在人行存款 deposits at (with) the central bank在途资金 fund in float增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture增势减缓 deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum增收节支措施 revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures增长平稳 steady growth增值税 value-added tax(VAT)涨幅偏高 higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth账外账 concealed accounts折旧 depreciation整顿 retrenchment;consolidation政策工具 policy instrument政策性业务 policy-related operations政策性银行 policy banks政策组合 policy mix政府干预 government intervention证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions证券业务占款 funding of securities purchase发行货币 to issue currency发行总股本 total stock issue法定准备金 required reserves;reserve requirement法人股 institutional shares法人股东 institutional shareholders法治 rule of law房地产投资 real estate investment放松银根 to ease monetary policy非现场稽核 off-site surveillance(or monitoring)非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions非赢利性机构 non-profit organizations分税制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system分业经营 segregation of financial business(services);division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions风险暴露(风险敞口) risk exposure风险管理 risk management风险意识 risk awareness风险资本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios风险资本标准 risk-based capital standard服务事业收入 public service charges;user's charges扶贫 poverty alleviation负增长 negative growth复式预算制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary accountG改革试点 reform experimentation杠杆率 leverage ratio杠杆收购 leveraged buyout高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest个人股 non-institutional shares根本扭转 fundamental turnaround(or reversal)公开市场操作 open market operations公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts公用事业 public utilities公有经济 the state-owned sector;the public sector公有制 public ownership工业成本利润率 profit-to-cost ratio工业增加值 industrial value added供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply鼓励措施 incentives股份合作企业 joint-equity cooperative enterprises股份制企业 joint-equity enterprises股份制银行 joint-equity banks固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption关税减让 tariff concessions关税优惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment 规范行为to regularize(or standardize)…behavior规模效益 economies of scale国计民生 national interest and people's livelihood国家对个人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals国家风险 country risk国际分工 international division of labor国际收支 balance of payments国有独资商业银行 wholly state-owned commercial banks国有经济(部门) the state-owned(or public)sector国有企业 state-owned enterprises(SOEs)国有制 state-ownership国有资产流失 erosion of state assets国债回购 government securities repurchase国债一级自营商 primary underwriters of government securities 过度竞争 excessive competition过度膨胀 excessive expansion过热迹象 signs of overheatingH合理预期 rational expectation核心资本 core capital合资企业 joint-venture enterprises红利 dividend宏观经济运营良好 sound macroeconomic performance宏观经济基本状况 macroeconomic fundamentals宏观调控 macroeconomic management(or adjustment)宏观调控目标 macroeconomic objectives(or targets)坏账 bad debt还本付息 debt service换汇成本 unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings汇兑在途 funds in float汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank汇率并轨 unification of exchange rates活期存款 demand deposits汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment混合所有制 diversified(mixed)ownership货币政策态势 monetary policy stance货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliersJ基本建设投资 investment in infrastructure基本经济要素 economic fundamentals基本适度 broadly appropriate经济金融术语汉英对照表(续表二)所有者权益 owner's equityT逃税(请见“避税”) tax evasion套汇 (1)指合法:currency swap;arbitrage(2)指非法:illegal purchase of foreign exchange 剔除季节性因素 seasonally adjusted调节流动性 to influence liquidity level贴现窗口 discount window同比 on year-on-year basis;over the same period of the previous year同业拆借(放) inter-bank borrowing(lending)同业拆借市场利率(中国) CHIBOR(China inter-bank offered rate)同业融通票据 inter-bank financing bills同业往来 inter-bank transactions透支 overdraft退税 tax refund(rebate)头寸 position吞吐基础货币 adjustment of monetary base脱媒现象 disintermediation安全网 safety net按可比口径 on comparable basis按轻重缓急 to prioritize暗补 implicit subsidy暗亏 hidden lossB颁发营业执照 to license;to grant a licence to办理存款业务 to take deposits保护农民的生产积极性 to protect farmers'incentive to produce备付金(超额准备金) excess reserves本外币并账 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts 本外币对冲操作 sterilization operation本位利益 localized interest;departmentalism奔小康 to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do避税(请见“逃税”) tax avoidance币种搭配不当 currency mismatch币种构成 currency composition变相社会集资 disguised irregular(or illegal) fund raising表外科目(业务) off-balance-sheet items(operation)薄弱环节 weaknesses;loopholes不变成本 fixed cost不变价 at constant price;in real terms不动产 real estate不良贷款(资产) problem loans;non-performing loans(assets)C财务公司 finance companies财政赤字 fiscal deficit财政挤银行 fiscal pressure on the central bank(over monetary policy)财政政策与货币政策的配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies采取循序渐进的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner操作弹性 operational flexibility操纵汇率 to manipulate exchange rate产品构成 product composition;product mix产品积压 stock pile;excessive inventory产销率 current period inventory;(即期库存,不含前期库存)sales/output ratio 产销衔接 marketability产业政策 industrial policy长期国债 treasury bonds敞口头寸 open position炒股 to speculate in the stock market承购包销 underwrite(securities)成套机电产品 complete sets of equipment;complete plant(s)城市信用社 urban credit cooperatives(UCCs)城市合作银行 urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks城市商业银行 municipal commercial banks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅 real growth in household income持续升温 persistent overheating重复布点 duplicate projects重置成本 replacement cost重组计划 restructuring plan筹资渠道 funding sources;financing channels初见成效 initial success出口统一管理、归口经营 canalization of exports出口退税 export tax rebate储蓄存款 household deposits(不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits,前者包括活期存款,后者不包括。
经济学术语集锦
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滞涨
滞胀全称停滞性通货膨胀(Stagflation),“滞”是指经济增长停滞,“胀”是指通货 膨胀。在经济学,特别是宏观经济学中,特指经济停滞(Stagnation)与高通货膨胀 (Inflation),失业以及不景气同时存在的经济现象。通俗的说就是指物价上升,但经 济停滞不前。它是通货膨胀长期发展的结果。 造成停滞性通货膨胀的原因通常有: 1.政府错误的经济政策(包括财政与税收政策、货币政策、贸易政策等) 2. 供给冲击,生产成本快速上涨使得社会供给不足,在带来通货膨胀的同时还会导 致产出下降。例如石油危机造成石油价格上涨,厂商无法立即反应其成本,在高成 本的压力下,难以生存,失业率因此而提高。 解决滞胀的政策方法: 对付"滞胀"一般采用财政政策效果较好,比如,通过加大财政开支或减税等措 施来刺激经济增长,当然,如辅之以适度升息来控制通胀,则效果更好。
引导市场长 期利率下降
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去库存化
在经济上行周期尤其在2006年和2007年里,中国企业因原材料商品价格上 涨预期、出口形势良好、企业盈利前景看好等各种原因,而增加了大量产 成品或原材料库存,甚至扩大投资、购进机器设备,大大扩充了产能。而 在2008年下半年国际国内宏观经济形势急转直下的形势下,这些就形成了 库存,2009年只有消化了这些库存,企业才能重新整装前进,经济才能回 到增长的轨道。 中金公司将库存及去库存化分成两类,即狭义库存和广义库存,相应地 有狭义去库存化和广义去库存化。中金报告指出,狭义去库存化仅指降低 产品库存水平,譬如企业降低原材料库存,这一点可能较快实现。 广义去库存化,即消化过剩产能的过程不会很快结束。中国近年来多数工 业品产能扩张了数倍,且2007年至2008年的在建产能仍规模巨大,将于未 来逐渐释放,这一产能过剩的严重性从宏观层面的投资与消费失衡局面就 可见一斑。投资过度和消费不足,使得消化过剩产能要比狭义的去库存化 更长期、更痛苦。
翻译必备系列一法语热词对照政治经济文化术语
1. 冲破思想观念的障碍和利益固化的藩篱surmonter / briser / faire tomber les barrières idéologiques / vieilles idées et abolir les intérêts / privilèges intouchables / hérités2. 全维度、全区域一体化政策politique d’intégration régionale multisectorielle3. 标本兼治,重在治本s’attaquer aux racines / origines / sources d’un mal / problème comme à ses manifestations / symptômes, en privilégiant la lutte contre la cause de celui-ci4. 按国家元首规格盛情接待recevoir chaleureusement qn selon le protocole réservé aux chefs d’État // en tourer qn de tous les honneurs réservés à un chef d’État // réserver un accueil chaleureux à qn avec (tous) les honneurs dus à un chef d’État5. 积贫积弱(très) appauvri et affaibli6. 封建专制主义统治的中国社会已经积贫积弱La sociétéchinoise sous le despotisme féodal était très / profondément appauvrie et affaiblie.7. 勒紧裤带se serrer la ceinture8. 中国人民勒紧裤带援建了坦赞铁路Le peuple chinois s’est serré la ceinture pour aider à construire le / soutenir financièrement / financer la construction du c hemin de fer Tanzanie-Zambie / Tanzam.9. 勤俭办外交La diplomatie / Le travail / L’action diplomatique doit suivre les principes de diligence et d’économie / être placé(e) sous le signe de l’efficacité et de l’économie.10. “文明外交”理念diplomatie prônant / préconisant la bonne entente entre les civilisations11. 文明伙伴关系【习主席访欧结束,中国政府随即发布新对欧政策文件,提出中欧之间应建立“文明伙伴关系”】partenariat entre civilisations12. 文明冲突论théorie du choc des civilisations13. 从文明视角阐述中国和平崛起expliquer l’émergence pacifique de la Chine du point de vue de la civilisation14. 双方要始终视对方为优先战略伙伴Les deux parties doivent en tout temps se considérer comme (des) partenaires stratégiques prioritaires.15. 中欧城镇化伙伴关系partenariat Chine-Europe / sino-européen en matière d’urbanisation16. 联合投资、联合研发、联合生产co-investissement, co-développement et co-production // investissement,développement et production conjoints17. 深水区«zone d’eaux profondes »18. 改革已进入深水区La réforme est entrée dans une «zone d’eaux profondes »/ une étape cruciale / une étape délicate. // La réforme est à présent entrée en eaux profondes.19. 被封存être placé / mis sous scellés20. 经济色彩很浓的国事访问visite d’État à forte connotation économique / orientée vers l’économie21. 外交方面的热点问题sujets brûlants sur le plan diplomatique / de la diplomatie // p rincipaux dossiers de l’actualité diplomatique22. 去妖魔化dédiabolisation23. 长期打着宗教旗号从事反华分裂活动的政治流亡者séparatiste antichinois de longue date en exil politique, agissant sous (le) couvert de (la) religion24. 不采取可能导致进一步升级的任何行动s’abstenir de tout acte qui puisse / pourrait conduire / mener àune nouvelle escalade (de l’affaire)25. 多元化发展se développer vers plus de diversification // diversifier le développement // développement diversifié26. 天下太平、共享大同是中华民族绵延数千年的理想。
经济学术语外文翻译
经济学术语外文翻译澳新紧密经济关系协定ANZCERTA:Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement摆脱亚洲金融危机的影响shake off the impact of the financial crisis帮助人才脱颖而出help excellent talents find way to distinction备件spare parts部长级会议ministerial meeting采取积极财政政策proactive fiscal policy出口创汇型/外向型产业export-oriented industry垂直兼并vertical merger倒爷profiteer抵免offset东盟自由贸易区AFTA:ASEAN Free Trade Area东南亚国家联盟ASEAN:Association of South-East Asian Nations对外项目承包foreign project contracting反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against ……防伪标志anti-fake label放松银根ease monetary policy非配额产品quota-free products非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment风险基金venture capital风险准备金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk岗位培训on-the-job training港元的联系汇率制the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar搞活国有大中型企业revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises工程项目engineering project工业增加值industrial added value公正合理equitable and rational固定资产投资investment in the fixed assets广开就业门路increase employment opportunities; create jobs in every possible way; open up more channels of employment规模经济scale economy/ economies of scale国合企业(即国有合作社)state-owned cooperatives国际清算international settlement国际收支平衡balance of international payments/ balance of payment国际收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment国家补贴public subsidies国家鼓励项目projects listed as encouraged by the state国家科技创新体系State Scientific and Technological Innovation System国家现汇结存state foreign exchange reserves合理引导消费guide rational consumption横向兼并horizontal merger坏帐、呆帐、死帐bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ badloan货币市场money market机构臃肿overstaffing in (government) organizations机构重叠organizational overlapping技工贸结合的科技型企业scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development季节性调价seasonal price adjustments既成事实established/accomplished facts减免债务reduce and cancel debts建材building materials进口环节税import linkage tax经常项目current account经常性的财政收入regular revenues竟价投标competitive bidding就业前培训pre-job training控股公司holding company垃圾融资junk financing劳动密集性企业labor-intensive enterprises劳务合作labor service cooperation累计实现顺差143.4美元accumulatively realizing trade surplus利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery流动人口floating population龙头产品lagship product乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises慢性萧条chronic depression农业技术合作ATC:Agricultural Technical Cooperation盘活存量资产revitalize stock assets配件accessories皮包公司flying-by-night company; bogus company平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development瓶颈制约“bottleneck”restrictions企业的自我约束机制self-regulating mechanism of enterprises企业技术改造technological updating of enterprises企业亏损补贴subsidies to cover enterprise losses企业所得税corporate income tax千年问题、千年虫millennium bug抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities清理、修订screen and modify求同存异overcome differences and seek common ground商住和公益设施建设commercial, residential and public utility construction申报制度reporting system; income declaration system实行股份制enforce stockholding system实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to, treat foreign investors as quals to the Chinese counterparts市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA Administrative Aspects of Market Access适销对路的产品readily marketable products双重轨制two-tier system / double-track system水利water conservation所有制形式forms of ownership贪图安逸crave comfort and pleasure通货紧缩deflation通货膨胀inflation同步增长increase in the same pace外援方式modality of foreign aid无氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator无纸交易paperless transaction现代企业制度modern corporate system消费膨胀inflated consumption协议投标negotiated bidding信息化informationize形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场establish an unified, open market with orderly competition亚欧会议ASEM:Asia-Europe Meeting亚太法定计量论坛APLMF:Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum亚太工商咨询理事会ABAC:APEC Business Advisory Council亚太计量程序APMP:Asia Pacific Metrology Program亚太经合组织部长级会议AMM:APEC MinisteriaI Meeting亚太经合组织经济领导人会议AELM:APEC Economic Leaders Meeting亚太经济合作组织APEC:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation亚太能源研究中心APERC:Asia Pacific Energy Research Center亚太商业论坛ABF:APEC Business Forum亚太商业网络APB-Net:Asia-Pacific Business Network亚太实验室认可合作APLAC:Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation亚太通讯与数据系统ACDS:APEC Communications and Database System亚太信息基础设施APII:Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心ACTETSME:APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises亚洲开发银行ADB: Asian Development Bank以试点的形式实行外贸权自动登记制度implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis营业税turnover tax在巩固公有制主体地位的同时,促进多种所有制经济共同发展alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay, it is also encouraged to witness common development of different systems of ownership债转股debt-to-equity swap中华人民共和国保护台湾同胞投资实施条例Implementation Rules of the P.R.C. on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan中介服务组织intermediary service organization注入新的生机与活力bring new vigor and vitality into转化经营机制change the method of operation资本项目capital account自1999年1月1日起实行come into official enforcement as of January 1, 1999自由浮动汇率free floating exchange rate; variable exchange rate自驻经营,自负盈亏responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses走上良性发展的轨道going on the track of sound progressshipping service company 船务公司generic products非商标(非专利)产品prudent monetary policy稳健的货币政策deficit spending超前消费run on banks(到银行)挤兑domestic support to agriculture 对农业的国内支持special bonds特种债券economy of abundance 富裕经济Animal-based protein动物源性蛋白dual purpose exports军民两用品出口dual-use goods and technology 军民两用产品和技术NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由贸易区global quota全球配额grandfather clause祖父条款Animal-derived food动物源食品EVSL (Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization)部门提前自愿自由化TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)贸易和投资自由化和便利化文章发布:/index.html。
时事政治经济术语词汇中英文对照
时事政治术语词汇中英文对照civil partnership:民事伴侣关系witness:证人deploy:部署hard line:强硬路线lash out:严厉斥责clinical trial:临床试验abstention:弃权stoppage:中止;中断vaccinate:接种疫苗detonate:引爆;爆炸mascot:吉祥物cull:扑杀field work:实地考察riot:骚乱;暴动derail:脱轨;出轨stampede:蜂拥;踩踏stamp out:扑灭runoff:决定性竞选adjournment:延期;休会trilogy:三部曲touch down:着陆;落地Low profile:低调的形象cold front:冷锋blast off:发射;升空launch pad:发射台relief:救济;救济品aftershock:余震mire:陷入困境mastermind:策划felony:重罪hearing:听证会bear down on:逼近power-for-money deal:权钱交易exit poll:投票后民调standoff:僵局theme park:主题公园hunt down:追捕直至抓获tenure:任期bustling:熙熙攘攘的overshadow:投上阴影hands-on:亲自参与deplore:深表遗憾hordes of:成群的death toll:死亡人数sexual harassment:性骚扰constitution:宪法deliberate on:审议martyr:烈士;殉难者military exercises:军事演习clamp down on:施压于;压制Fatality:死亡;宿命Cruise missile:巡航导弹Whopping:巨大的Reconnaissance:侦察,踏勘Touch down:着陆,降落Smother:使熄灭,使窒息Haze:薄雾Remand:还押,押候Submarine:潜艇Sticking point:症结Protracted:延长的Bloodthirsty:残忍的Amphibious assault vehicle:水陆两用装甲车Surveillance:监视,监督Recess:休会;暂时中断Jetliner:喷气式客机Downpour:倾盆大雨Half brother:异父或异母兄弟Desolate:荒凉的,无人烟的Compare notes:交换意见Drought:旱灾;干旱季节Erode:腐蚀;使减少、减弱Defending champion:卫冕冠军Hunger strike:绝食抗议Disaffected:不忠的,不满的Seal off:封锁,阻隔Strand:使陷于困境Tribunal:特等法庭Sabotage:蓄意破坏Devout:虔敬的,诚恳的Operation:军事行动Shucks:歉意,失望Hand out:分发,施舍Rear-end:追尾Shed light on:使某事清楚Overrun:蹂躏,侵占Barbed:有刺的Margin of error:误差幅度Disarmament:裁军,解除武装Head for:动身,前往Double-decker:双层巴士Outskirts:市郊,郊外Edge out:微微胜过Anonymity:匿名,无名Blistering:酷热的Envoy:外交使节,特使Launch window:发射时限Upbeat:乐观的,愉快的Disrespectful:失礼的,无礼的Aggression:侵略;挑衅美国政治术语全记录之英汉对照(A-G)academic freedom:(学术自由) affirmative action:(弱族辅助行动) AFL-CIO:Abbreviation for the American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations, (美国联邦工会)Alaskan pipeline:(阿拉斯加石油运输管道)alderman:(AWL-duhr-muhn) A member of a city council. 市政代表American Civil Liberties Union:美国民权自由同盟.American Dream:美国梦American Legion:美国老兵会antitrust legislation:反托拉斯立法apportionment:议会席位分配appropriation:拨款arbitration:仲裁Atomic Energy Commission:原子能委员会attorney general of the United States:美国司法部长block grant: 一种联邦对各州的拨款blue laws:蓝色法令,通常是限制酒吧及酒类在星期天营业或销售的法令. branches of government:政府各部门broad construction:广义解释(指对宪法) busing:公车接送学生.(反种族歧视的手段之一)cabinet:内阁, 包括14个联邦政府部长campaign finance reform:竞选资助改革capital offense:死罪, 包括谋杀和叛国罪等可能被判死刑的犯罪capital punishment:死刑Capitol Hill:国会山caucus:(KAW-kuhs) 美国的党代会Central Intelligence Agency:中央情报局checks and balances:(权力)制衡civil liberties:民事自由civil rights:民事权利clear and present danger:显而易见的危险(一种限制言论自由的标准.) closed primary:闭锁式初选,排他性预选cloture:(KLOH-chuhr) 以表决结束辩论coattail effect:裙带关系影响commander in chief:全军统帅(指战争状态的总统)confirmation hearings:确认听证Congress:国会Congressional Record:国会记录. conscientious objector:拒服兵役者Constitution, United States:美国宪法. containment, policy of:牵制外交政策contempt of Congress:藐视国会contempt of court:藐视法庭court of appeals:上诉法院cruel and unusual punishment:异常酷刑dark horse:黑马de facto segregation:种族隔离defendant:The party that is being sued in court. (Compare plaintiff.)Democrat:民主党员.Department of Agriculture:农业部Department of Commerce:商业部Department of Defense:国防部, 总部设在Pentagon.(五角大楼) Department of Education:教育部Department of Energy:能源部Department of Health and Human Services:健康及公共事业部Department of Housing and Urban Development:住宅及城市发展部Department of Justice:司法部Department of Labor:劳动部Department of State:国务院,(与中国不同,该相当于外交部,首脑叫国务卿(secretary of state.)Department of the Interior:内务部Department of the Treasury:财政部Department of Transportation:交通部Department of Veterans Affairs:退役军人事务部direct primary:一种选举程序,中国无对应的名词,遂附英语原注释An election in which voters choose candidates to run on a party’s ticket in a subsequent election for public office. district attorney:地区检控官(律师) dollar diplomacy:美元外交domino theory:多米诺理论(指对一个主要的共产党国家失去控制将导致区域性共产主义运动.donkey:驴,民主党的徽记double jeopardy:双重处罚,指在统一管辖范围对统一犯罪审判两次.该属宪法禁止的.draft:抓壮丁式的征兵draft dodger:逃壮丁者Drug Enforcement Administration:毒品管理署due process of law:正当审判原则, 指公民未经正当合法的司法程序不得被剥夺生命,自由和财产.E pluribus unum:众多中的一个.(拉丁语美国格言,印在美国货币上)Eastern Establishment:东部权势集团Electoral College:选民代表(选民选出的再投票代表们)elephant:象(共和党党徽) entitlements:联邦资助项目(复) Environmental Protection Agency:环保署Equal Employment Opportunity Commission:平等就业机会委员会equal opportunity:机会平等(教育,就业,人权等方面)equal protection of the laws:法律面前人人平等Equal Rights Amendment:平权修正案equal time:指政党代表在电视,电台辩论发言时间均等ex post facto:溯及既往ex post facto law:溯及既往的法律 (为宪法所禁止)executive branch:执行部门farm bloc:国会里的农业集团favorite son:最佳候选人Federal Bureau of Investigation:联邦调查局federalism:联邦制fellow traveler:同党felony:重罪Fifth Amendment:第五修正俺filibuster:为阻挠议事而进行的冗长发言First Amendment:第一修正案Foggy Bottom:雾底(美国国务院的昵称,取自原座落地名)Foreign Relations Committee:对外关系委员会Foreign Service:住外事务处,(外交使团的总称)Fourteenth Amendment:十四修正案. franchise:政治上指投票权freedom of assembly:集会自由freedom of association:结社自由freedom of religion:宗教自由. freedom of speech:言论自由. freedom of the press:新闻自由friend of the court:指法庭顾问gay rights:同性恋权利.gender gap:性别隔阂.指男女之间日见明显的投票倾向的差异gerrymander:指执政党为保持选举优势采取的重划选区以削弱反对党选民范围的方法.Good Neighbor policy:罗斯福对拉丁美洲的好邻居政策GOP:Abbreviation of Grand Old Party, 大老党,共和党的别称grand jury:大陪审团guilt by association:连坐gunboat diplomacy:炮舰外交habeas corpus:人身保护hawks and doves:鹰派与鸽派hearsay:传闻homicide:他杀(有合法非法之分) House of Representatives:众议院hung jury:未作出裁决的陪审团政治用语英汉翻译马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent’s”important Thought新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in theprimary stage of socialism改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China马克思主义政党Marxist political Party 党的第一(第二、第三)代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation人民民主专政the people’s democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system综合国力aggregate national strength 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China加强和改进党的建设,不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力,永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求,代表中国先进文化的前进方向,代表中国最广大人民的根本利益,是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源,是我们党始终站在时代前列,保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
国际经济法名词解释汇总
国际经济法名词解释11.ADR(American Depository Receipts),美国存托凭证,是美国信托银行公开发行的,表明非美国公司业已发行的某种股票,一经发行,即可在美国自由交易。
1 BOT(建设-经营-转让):是指政府(通过契约)授予私营业(包括外国企业)以一定期限的特许专营权,许可其融资建设和经营特定的公用基础设施,并准许其通过向用户收取费用或出售产品以清偿贷款、回收投资并赚取利润。
特许权期限届满时,该基础设施无偿移交给政府。
7.CFR,全称Cost and Freight(…named port of destination),中文意为“成本加运费(……指定目的港)”,指在装运港货物越过船舷时卖方即完成交货,卖方须支付将货物运至指定目的港所需的运费。
但货物的风险是在装运港船舷转移的。
该术语适合于海运或内河运输。
CFR价与下列CIF价相比,在价格构成中少了保险费,因此,除了保险是由买方办理外,其他的双方义务与下列CIF价基本相同。
应该注意的是,CFR 价装船是卖方而投保又是买方,卖方在装船后应给买方以充分的通知,否则,因此而造成买方漏保引起的货物损失应由卖方承担。
2 CIF:即成本、保险费加运费,是国际贸易术语的一种,是Cost,insuranceandfreight的缩写或简称。
在具体使用时,在它后面要加注目的港。
在CIF,卖方必须支付成本费和将货物运至指定的目的港所需的运费,还必须办理货物在运输途中应由买方承担的货物灭失或损坏风险的海运保险。
卖方订立保险合同并支付保险费。
但只能要求卖方取得最低的保险险别。
此外,卖方须办理货物出口结关手续。
3 FCA:即货交承运人,是国际贸易术语的一种,是Freecarrier的缩写或简称。
在具体使用时,在它的后面要加注“指定地点”。
卖方办理货物出口结关将货物交至指定地点的由卖方指定的承运人照管。
如果买方未指定准确的地点,则卖方可在规定的地点或地段内选择承运人照管货物的地点。
金融术语
金融术语Notes1.Banks provide most of the credit our economy needs by making loans to enterprises, individuals and governments.银行通过向企业、个人和政府发放贷款,提供我国国民经济所需的大部分信贷资金。
(1)(credit) our economy needs我国国民经济所需的(信贷资金)此句为定语从句,省略了关系代词which,修饰前面的先行词credit。
(2)economy n.①the system or range of economic activity in a country, region, or community经济体:国家、地区或群体的经济活动体系和范围例:Effects of inflation were felt at every level of the economy.通货膨胀影响到每一经济阶层②a specific type of economic system经济制度:特定经济体系类型例:an industrial economy; a planned economy.工业经济体制;计划经济体制(3)by making loans to enterprises, individuals and governments是介词短语,在句中做状语。
by prep. with the use or help of; through借助于;通过(4)making (loans to…)是动名词,做介词by的宾语。
2.The interest that borrowers pay for their loans or for their notes discounted forms the major source of banks' income.借款人支付贷款或贴现票据的利息形成了银行主要收入的来源。
中国英语中的经济词汇
摘 要 由于中西⽅⽂化、思维⽅式和汉英两种语⾔之间的差异,使中国英语中的经济词汇和术语成为⼀种独特的语⾔现象。
它们既符合英语的基本规范,⼜与中国国情密切相关,反映了中国的经济⽅针政策、经济现象和经济特点。
本⽂重点讨论中国经济词汇与术语的翻译⽅法和表达特点,并从词汇层⾯上进⾏相关的分析和研究。
关键词 中国英语 经济词汇和术语 翻译⽅法 表达特点 Abstract Of recent , there have appeared a good number of English words and expressions related to Chinese economy. They are special in the sense that they conform to the English linguistic norms and meanwhile closely reflect China's economic principles and policies. The present paper focuses on techniques of translating such economic terms from Chinese into English. Key Words China English economic terms translation techniques expression features 根据语⽤学原理,任何经济词汇都具有⼀定的社会和历史内涵。
我国⾃改⾰开放以来,出现了⼤量具有中国特⾊的经济词汇,它们反映了我国各不同阶段的经济形势、经济⽅针政策以及相关的经济⽂化内涵,其英译体现了中国英语的鲜明特⾊。
虽然其中也不乏⼀些“正宗”的产⽣于西⽅国家的经济学术语,但由于在中国的具体运⽤⽽使其含义有所改变,更适合中国的国情,反映了中国的经济特点。
杜瑞清教授在述评“中国英语”时深刻地指出“由于缺乏对中国特⾊词的理论研究和应有的指导性规范,中国英语⽬前在使⽤上仍处于相当混乱的状态”。
经济术语翻译
经济术语翻译经济指标economic indicators社会总产值total product of society工农业总产值gross output value of industry and agriculture公平易近收入national income临盆力productive forces临盆材料capital goods宏不雅调控macro-economic control 经济杠杆economic levers家当政策industrial policy财务, 税收, 信贷,利率, 汇率public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate进步经济效益enhance economic performance/returns社会效益social effect/returns实现持续、稳定、调和的成长bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development财务赤字(红利) budget deficit(surplus)外贸出口总额gross foreign export value外商直接投资协定金额contracted foreign direct investment实际应用外资foreign investment in actualuse三资企业(中外合伙合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture许可外商独资经营allow full foreign equity operation优惠前提favorable terms减免税收tax reduction and exemption合作方法approaches to cooperation出资方法means of contributing investment合营刻日contract term of a joint venture三来一补(来料加工,来件装配,来样加工) processing and compensationtrades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)贸易伙伴trade partner转口贸易transit trade积极引进外来资金、技巧、人才和治理经验actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside交钥匙工程turn-key project招标承包制bidding invitation contract system招标出售技巧bids for technology公开招标call for bid; tenders招标单invitation for bid (IFB)标书bidding document竟标competitive bidding投标bid for a project投标报价书bid proposals评标bid proposal evaluation开标bid opening中标win a bid; be awarded a tender拍卖auction租赁leasing保税区bonded area; free trade area实施全方位开放practice multi-directionalopening同一政策、摊开经营、平等竞争、unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition自负盈亏、工贸结合、履行代理制responsibility for one’s own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system常识产权intellectual property rights技巧让渡technology transfer可行性研究feasibility study意向书letter of intent投资情况investment environment跨国公司transnational corporation基本举措措施infrastructure20年根本实现现代化basically achieve modernization in 20 years发挥技巧窗口治理窗口和人才窗口的感化serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.招商attract investment招商项目project proposals for investment同国际惯例接轨follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage加大年夜改革力度intensify reforms一条龙办事one package service一支笔审批one-chop approval我们两市的经济互补性很强。
英汉翻译教程讲解第四章
第4章Unit 4 Economy1. 经济文章选篇。
其特点是:着重说明经济形势,提出主张和建议,以大量数据说明问题。
所用语言视场合而定,文件的语言正式而精练,演讲的语言则要比较易于上口。
2. 语言对比:(1)经济术语。
经济领域有大量的专门术语。
如:two way trade双向贸易l ucrative export markets 获利的出口市场foreign exchange 外汇commercial opportunities商业机会export opportunities 出口机会potential exports潜在市场(2)有些普通词语在经济文章中有特殊含义。
经济术语有特殊的用法和搭配。
例1)The result, I believe, is that we have built the beginnings of a sound foundation for future commercial and financial ties.我相信我们已经为今后贸易与金融关系初步打下了坚实的基础。
例2)There are more than 20 joint ventures between the US and Chinese investors.现在有20多家中美合资企业。
(3)数字及有关的术语和量词。
数字很容易出错,因此要特别仔细核对。
和数字有关的动词、介词、形容词、副词也很重要。
如“增加了”和“增加”表示的意思是不一样的。
by用来表示增加或减少的幅度。
表示倍数时汉语与英语不一样。
汉语:1)甲比乙...(形容词或副词)n倍:不包括基数。
2)甲是乙n倍:包括基数。
英语:1) "n+ times + adj.比较级+than"式:包括基数;2) "n+ times + as + adj. + as"式:包括基数;3) "verb (e.g. increase, grow, rise, be raised, etc.) + n + times"式:包括基数。
政治经济翻译术语
Strengthen the management of state-owned property 加强国有资产管理
Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革
Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革
Control of interest rate 利率控制
Deflation policy 紧缩政策
Market intervention 市场干预
State intervention 国家干预
Administrative interference 行政干预
Control of overall volume and economic restructuring 总量控制与经济结构调整
Tight control on investment in fixed assets 紧缩固定资产投资控制
Tight financial and monetary policy 从紧的金融货币政策
Mixed economy 混合经济
Regional economy 地区经济
Internal-oriented economy 内向型经济
Closed economy 闭关自守经济
Economic growth point 经济增长点
Economic growth mode 经济增长方式
Reform and opening up policy 改革开放政策
Reform measures 改革措施
Speed up reform 加快改革
Reform of economic system 经济体制改革
经济学常用英文名词翻译修正无误版
经济学常用英文名词翻译修正无误版经济学常用英文名词翻译Equilibrium,competitive 竞争均衡见竟争均衡(competitive equilibrium)。
Equilibrium,general 一般均衡见一般均衡分析(general-equilibrium analysis)Equilibrium,macroeconomic 宏观经济均衡意愿总需求等于意愿总供给的GDP水平。
在均衡时,意愿的消费(C),政府支出(G),投资(I)和净出口(X)的总量正好等于在当前价格水平下企业所愿意出售的总量。
Equimarginal principle 等边际法则决定收入在不同消费品之间分配的法则。
消费者可按此法则选择消费组合,使花费在所有商品和服务上的每一美元的边际效用都相等,就能保证消费者所获得的效用最大化。
Exchange rate 汇率见外汇汇率(foreign exchange rate)Exchange-rate system 汇率制度国家之间进行支付时所依据的一组规则、安排和制度。
历史上最重要的汇率制度是金本位制、布雷顿森林体系和现在的浮动汇率制。
Excise tax vs. sales tax 消费税和销售税消费税是对某种或某组商品,如酒和烟草的购买所课征的税。
销售税是对除少数特定商品(如食品)以外的所有商品所课征的税。
Exclusion principle 排他原则私人品区别于公共品的一种性质。
当生产者将一种商品卖给A后,若能很容易地将B、C、D等人排除在该商品益处享用过程之外,则排他原则就在发生作用,该商品也因此是一项私人品。
若不能轻易地把其他人排除在分享过程之外,如公共卫生或国防,则我们称该商品具有公共品的特征。
Exogenous vs. induced variables 外生变量和引致变量外生变量是那些由经济体系以外的因素来决定的变量。
与外生变量相对应的是引致变量,后者是由经济体系的内在运行所决定的。
金融术语翻译
经济金融术语汉英对照表A安全网safety net按可比口径on comparable basis按轻重缓急to prioritize暗补implicit subsidy暗亏hidden lossB颁发营业执照to license;to grant a licence to 办理存款业务to take deposits保护农民的生产积极性to protect farmers'incentive to produce备付金(超额准备金)excess reserves本外币并账consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts本外币对冲操作sterilization operation本位利益localized interest;departmentalism 奔小康to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do避税(请见“逃税”)tax avoidance币种搭配不当currency mismatch币种构成currency composition变相社会集资disguised irregular(or illegal)fund raising表外科目(业务)off-balance-sheet items (operation)薄弱环节weaknesses;loopholes不变成本fixed cost不变价at constant price;in real terms不动产real estate不良贷款(资产)problem loans;non-performing loans(assets)C财务公司finance companies财政赤字fiscal deficit财政挤银行fiscal pressure on the central bank (over monetary policy)财政政策与货币政策的配合coordination of fiscal and monetary policies采取循序渐进的方法in a phased and sequenced manner操作弹性operational flexibility操纵汇率to manipulate exchange rate产品构成product composition;product mix产品积压stock pile;excessive inventory产销率current period inventory;(即期库存,不含前期库存)sales/output ratio产销衔接marketability产业政策industrial policy长期国债treasury bonds敞口头寸open position炒股to speculate in the stock market承购包销underwrite(securities)成套机电产品complete sets of equipment;complete plant(s)城市信用社urban credit cooperatives(UCCs)城市合作银行urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks城市商业银行municipal commercial banks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅real growth in household income持续升温persistent overheating重复布点duplicate projects重置成本replacement cost重组计划restructuring plan筹资渠道funding sources;financing channels 初见成效initial success出口统一管理、归口经营canalization of exports出口退税export tax rebate储蓄存款household deposits(不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits,前者包括活期存款,后者不包括。
常用经济术语翻译
以路养路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects 下放审批权 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels 统而不死,活而不乱 ensure a flexible control 良性循环 positive cycle 国民经济的支柱 mainstay of the national economy 格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape. 理顺企业的产权关系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises 政策性亏损 policy-related loss 三角债 chain debts 上不封顶,下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee 企业“工效挂钩” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise 生意兴隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish 质量信得过单位 quality trustworthy organization 批量生产 mass production 以销定产 limit production to market ability 内联企业 inland associated enterprises 菜篮子工程 shipping basket project 国产化 percentage of home-made parts 配套改革 coordinated reforms 配套措施 supporting measures 配套工程 auxiliary project 国内配套资金 domestic funds
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经济术语翻译最新常用经济术语国民经济NATIONAL ECONOMY,中国化chinization对外经济贸易FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE经济指标economic indicators社会总产值total product of society国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)人均国内生产总值GDP per capita工农业总产值gross output value ofindustry and agriculture国民收入national income购买力平价法purchasing power parity ( the fact of the units of money of two different countries being equal财政收入state revenue社会商品零售总额total volume of retail sales社会零售物价总指数general retail price index百分点percentage points"八五"计划the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development计划经济planned economy统购统销state monopoly over purchase and marketing市场经济market economy指令性计划mandatory plan指导性计划guidance plan市场调节market regulation建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制" establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础" stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, education and science and technology实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化" optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population第一、二、三产业primary, secondary and tertiary industries外向型经济export-oriented economy创汇型企业foreign exchange-earning enterprise劳动密集型labor intensive技术、智力、资本密集型technology, knowledge or capital intensive高附加值的深加工down-stream processing with high added-value优化资源配置optimize allocation ofresources生产力productive forces生产资料capital goods科研成果产业化industrialization of research findings火炬计划Torch Plan技术入股technology appraised as capital stock风险投资venture investment/capital固定资产投资investment in fixed assets折旧费depreciation cost关系民生的产品products vital to the pe ople’s livelihood供大于求oversupply供不应求short supply经济过热overheated economy抑制炒房地产热stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market经济指标economic indicators社会总产值total product of society工农业总产值gross output value of industry and agriculture国民收入national income生产力productive forces生产资料capital goods宏观调控macro-economic control经济杠杆economic levers产业政策industrial policy财政, 税收, 信贷,利率, 汇率public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate提高经济效益enhance economic performance/returns社会效益social effect/returns实现持续、稳定、协调的发展bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development财政赤字(盈余) budget deficit(surplus)外贸出口总额gross foreign export value外商直接投资协议金额contracted foreign direct investment实际利用外资foreign investment in actual use三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture允许外商独资经营allow full foreign equity operation优惠条件favorable terms减免税收tax reduction and exemption合作方式approaches to cooperation出资方式means of contributing investment 合营期限contract term of a joint venture三来一补(来料加工,来件装配,来样加工) processing and compensationtrades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)贸易伙伴trade partner转口贸易transit trade积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside交钥匙工程turn-key project招标承包制bidding invitation contract system招标出售技术bids for technology公开招标call for bid; tenders招标单invitation for bid (IFB)标书bidding document竟标competitive bidding投标bid for a project投标报价书bid proposals评标bid proposal evaluation开标bid opening中标win a bid; be awarded a tender拍卖auction租赁leasing保税区bonded area; free trade area实行全方位开放practice multi-directional opening统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制responsibility for one’s own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system知识产权intellectual property rights技术转让technology transfer可行性研究feasibility study意向书letter of intent投资环境investment environment跨国公司transnational corporation基础设施infrastructure20年基本实现现代化basically achieve modernization in 20 years发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.招商attract investment招商项目project proposals for investment同国际惯例接轨follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage加大改革力度intensify reforms一条龙服务one package service一支笔审批one-chop approval我们两市的经济互补性很强。
To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.平等互利,互通有无equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods外引内联act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishingdomestic connections保持发展后劲bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development三通一平(水通、电通、路通、施工场地平)"three connections and one leveling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.瓶颈bottleneck以工养农use industrial income to finance agriculture以路养路use tolls to repay investment in road projects下放审批权delegate the authority toexamine and approve to lower levels统而不死,活而不乱ensure a flexible control良性循环positive cycle国民经济的支柱mainstay of the national economy格局初步形成Pattern has taken initial shape.理顺企业的产权关系rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises政策性亏损policy-related loss三角债chain debts上不封顶,下不保底set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee企业“工效挂钩” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise生意兴隆/冷淡Business isbooming/sluggish质量信得过单位quality trustworthy organization批量生产mass production以销定产limit production to market ability内联企业inland associated enterprises菜篮子工程shopping basket project国产化percentage of home-made parts配套改革coordinated reforms配套措施supporting measures配套工程auxiliary project国内配套资金domestic funds向基础工业倾斜的政策policy in favor of basic industry升级换代upgrading and updating看好经济增长think highly of economic growth行情看好Favorable price/market can be expected.行情看涨/跌anticipate lower market price/rising price随行就市fluctuate in line with marketconditions片面追求发展速度seek an unduly high growth rate在过渡时期in a period of transition粗放/集约经营extensive/intensive operation基础地位leading position门类齐全covering extensive fields存款/贷款余额the balance of deposits/loans外汇储备foreign exchange reserves贸易顺差trade surplus完善的市场和发达的金融体制well-established market and sophisticated financial system消灭失业wipe out unemployment降低过热的期货市场,恢复金融秩序cool down the over-heated future market and restore financial order紧缩银根tightenthe money supply一位数水平one digit level保持双边贸易的平衡balance the two-way trade这次会议为两国进一步加强持续的经济联系奠定了坚实的基础。