常用经济学术语

一些经济学术语及其它（一）

Cold snap寒潮、寒流（可数）

There is no auctioneer calling out the price of ice cream

an ice-cream cone

competitive market：a market in which there are many buyers and many sellers so that each has a negligible impact on the market price

price takers：those who have no impact on price but can only accept the price

Perfectly competitive markets 竞争充分市场

One such market, called an oligopoly （寡头市场）, has a few sellers that do not always compete aggressively

law of demand：the claim that, other things equal, the quantity demanded of a good falls when the price of the good rises

law of supply：the claim that, other things equal, the quantity supplied of a good rises when the price of the good rises

normal good （正常商品）：a good for which, other things equal, an increase in income leads to an increase in demand

inferior good ( 劣质商品)：a good for which, other things equal, an increase in income leads to a decrease in demand

s ubstitutes（替代品）：two goods for which an increase in the price of one leads to an increase in the demand for the other

complements（互补品）：two goods for which an increase in the price of one leads to a decrease in the demand for the other

hot fudge 热巧克力

demand schedule：a table that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded

supply schedule：a table that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied

ceteris paribus（其它条件不变）：a Latin phrase, translated as “other things being equal,” used as are minder that all variables other than the ones being studied are assumed to be constant

A 10 percent increase in the price causes a 12 percent drop in teenage smoking （这句话让我说肯定是in smoking among teenagers）

At an even lower price, you may choose to go out of business altogether (这个词的用法以前没怎么注意，此处可以翻译为“直接”)

Equilibrium：a situation in which supply and demand have been brought into balance

equilibrium price：the price that balances supply and demand

equilibrium quantity：the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded when the price has adjusted to balance supply and demand

The equilibrium price is sometimes called the market-clearing price（市场出清价格）because, at this price, everyone in the market has been satisfied: Buyers have bought all they want to buy, and sellers have sold all they want to sell

There is no upward or downward pressure on the price （价格没有上升或者下降的压力，就是这么表达的）

law of supply and demand：the claim that the price of any good adjusts to bring the supply and demand for that good into balance

shortage：a situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied