英语中的法语词汇

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英语词汇中的外来语

英语词汇中的外来语

英语词汇中的外来语英语是一种混合语言,它从各种文化和语言中汲取了许多有趣的元素,形成了一种独特的语言。

当你深入研究英语语法和词汇时,你会发现它有着令人惊讶的复杂性。

研究发现,英语词汇中有大约51%的来自拉丁语,其余的来自欧洲的其他一些语言,以及一些有趣的外来语。

其中,拉丁语是一种广泛使用的古老和语言,英语中有许多拉丁语来源的词汇,比如“person”、“people”、“light”和“special”等。

另一些英语单词也源自拉丁语,如“oscula”(拥抱)、“ignoratio”(无知)和“temeritas”(鲁莽)等。

此外,许多英语单词来自法语,比如“diligence”、“violin”、“bracelet”和“ballet”等。

法语是一种流行的古老语言,英语中的一些词可以直接追溯到法语,比如“percentage”、“entitlement”和“ferment”等。

英语中还包含有很多来自古希腊语的词语,比如“democracy”、“analysis”和“oxygen”等。

古希腊语是一种古老的语言,在多种语言的发展中发挥了重要作用。

英语还吸收了一些日耳曼和高加索语派的词汇,比如“brother”、“wander”、“wolf”等。

这些词都来自古代日耳曼语言,它们是英语中最古老的词汇,与拉丁语和希腊语一起构成了英语的基础。

此外,英语中还包含了一些来自许多新的语言的词汇,比如“caf é”(法语)、“voucher”(俄语)、“burrito”(墨西哥语)和“ketchup”(中国语言)等。

这些词背后的文化和历史也丰富了英语这门语言。

总之,英语词汇中有许多不同的外来语,它们通过时间的转变组成了英语的基础,这也是英语这门语言如此流行和有趣的原因之一。

英语研究者提醒我们要经常性地学习外来语,以充实自己的英语知识体系,最终获得更多的英语魅力。

英语中的法语词汇

英语中的法语词汇
coup d'eta 军事政变 (注意发音,和上面的词还挺对仗呢)
deluxe 豪华的 (国内的很多商品上常印的词,酒店也常用)
salon 沙龙 (就是文人墨客,影视名流开的party)
scenario 脚本,情节,事态(口语中很常用的,请google一下老外例句,必须掌握)
parasol 阳伞 (小伙子学会此词,为女友遮风避日)
elite 精英分子 (电视广告中好像出过此词,我们都是社会栋梁,国家的精英)
resume 简历 (国内招聘常用,说时注意发音特别;国外都用 CV )
mirage 海市蜃楼 (和普通以age结尾的英语词发音不同)
fiance 未婚夫 (未婚妻是fiancee,多个e, 但发音两词是相同的)
cuisine 烹饪 (老外一般都用cooking,但厨师一般不说cook, 而叫chef )
林斯指出:“现代英语由于历史原因,已变成由三股绳拧成的粗索。古英语的词汇和语法是其中的一股,经中世纪英语大量吸收法语词和词组构成第二股,又从中世纪英语开始,经几个世纪,逐步按照拉丁句法的模式建立起英语自己的复合句体系而构成的第三股”。[3](20)二、法语借词对英语词汇的影响现代英语中,法语借词对英语词汇的影响主要体现在如下几方面:
你是点菜呢还是吃套菜?
4、She always looks very chic.
她看上去漂亮、雅致。
chic是融入英语的法语词,意为漂亮、雅的流行式样。代价不一定昂贵,但反映高雅的审美情趣,而且卓立于风尚之先。
我先前曾曾陆续发了英语中分别来自日语,意大利语,德语,汉语的贴子,本次总结一下英语中常用的法语词汇.记得中学学都德的最后一课时,就了解到法语是世界上最美的语言,曾在拿破仑时代风靡世界,其实即使是今天法语也是对英语影响最大的语种,如您能在说话或写作时有意无意的使用了法语词汇,则老外会认为你是个很有教养的人.曾有上万法语词汇进入英语,从词形上已看不出来,我们今天只列常用的容易识别的法语词汇(请注意发音和重音的位置):

英语中常见的法语单词

英语中常见的法语单词

英语中常见的法语单词Bonjour!Today we are featuring French words that we use in English.For example, mayday is an emergency code word.It is used around the world in voice communications.You might see a war movie in which an airplane has been hit by rocket fire. The pilot gets on his radio and calls ‘mayday, mayday, mayday’ to tell that his plane is in danger of crashing to the ground.But mayday has nothing to do with the month of May.It comes from the French expression ‘m’aidez,’ which means ‘help me.’Frederick Stanley Mockford created the mayday call signal in the 1920s. Mr. Mockford was a radio officer at Croydon Airport in London.He was asked to think of a word that could be used in an emergency.The word had to be easily understood by all pilots and airport workers. Much of the air traffic at that time was between London and Paris.So, he proposed the word mayday.Today, many groups use mayday to mean a life-threatening emergency. The call is always given three times to prevent mistaking it for some similar sounding words. Many other French words are commonly used in English.One of these is sabotage.Sabotage means to destroy or damage as an act of subversion against an organization or nation.A person who sabotages is a saboteur.Bad crime, lovely word.In economics or politics, you may have heard the term laissez-faire.It means to leave alone and not interfere.It was first used in France in the 18th century.In the business world, entrepreneur is another French word.It means a person who starts and operates a new business and has responsibility for any risks involved.Many French words are use in the arts.For example, a film noir is a movie about murder and other crimes. These films were popular in the 1940s and 50s.Anything in art, music or literature which is very modern or ahead of its time is called avant-garde.In the arts or any industry you prepare a resume if you are looking for ajob.A resume documents your education, skills and experience.While every professional needs a resume, each one is unique.In other words, each is one of kind.Food is not unique to France, but the French are famous for their food. So, it makes sense that many cooking terms we use in American English are French. All cooks need to know how to sauté.This is frying something quickly in a small amount of oil or butter. Flambé is s technique by which alcohol is added to a dish and then lit on fire.This is both for effect and to burn off the alcohol.When you are eating at a restaurant, the server may tell you bon appétit, which means good appetite, or enjoy your meal.And if you go away, someone may wish you bon voyage or have a good trip.。

生僻的英语名词解释

生僻的英语名词解释

生僻的英语名词解释1. Rendezvous(约会地点)"Rendezvous"是一个源自法语的词汇,意为“约会地点”。

虽然在日常英语中不常使用,但在文学作品和古典诗歌中经常被提及。

它通常代表了一种浪漫、神秘和期待的氛围,给人留下深刻而难忘的印象。

2. Serendipity(意外发现)"Serendipity"这个名词源自英国作家华尔波尔的一部小说,意为“意外发现”或“巧合”。

它描述了一种意外而幸福的发现,通常指的是那些不经意间获得的、对个人或社会产生积极影响的发现。

这种感觉充满了惊喜和幸福,常被用来描述命运的巧合和不期而遇的幸运。

3. Aesthetics(美学)"Aesthetics"是一门研究感官美和艺术的学科。

它关注艺术作品的形式、结构、审美价值和观赏者的美感体验。

美学探讨了美的概念、创作过程以及艺术与人类文化的关系。

这个名词源自希腊语的“aisthēsis”,意为“感知”,强调了美感的主观性和个体化。

4. Zeitgeist(时代精神)"Zeitgeist"是一个德国语词汇,意为“时代精神”。

它代表了特定时期、特定文化或社会群体的价值观、思潮和心态。

Zeitgeist起源于哲学家和社会学家们对社会文化变迁的思考,通过这个名词,他们试图捕捉和表达时代特征的本质。

5. Procrastination(拖延症)"Procrastination"一词是由拉丁语的"pro"(前)和"crastinus"(明日)构成,意为“拖延症”。

它指的是人们将重要事情推迟到最后时刻的倾向。

尽管在生活中我们都可能有这样的经历,但它在心理学中被看作一种负面行为模式,会导致压力、焦虑和效率低下。

6. Schadenfreude(幸灾乐祸)"Schadenfreude"是一个源自德语的名词,意为“幸灾乐祸”。

2021-2022学年牛津译林版英语八年级上册unit2 French词汇讲义

2021-2022学年牛津译林版英语八年级上册unit2 French词汇讲义

Unit2词汇讲义拓展French英 [frentʃ]美 [frɛntʃ]第三人称复数:FrenchesFrench 基本解释形容词法语的; 法国的,法国人的名词法语; 法国人French 情景对话Language school-(语言学校)A:Bonjour!早上好。

(法语)B:What?你说什么?A:I said, “Bonjour!”我说:早上好。

B:What’s wrong with you, Ted?你怎么了,特德。

A:I’m speak ing French. Don’t you know anything?我在说法语,你不知道吗?B:What’s wrong with speaking English?说英语有什么不好吗?A:Well, I just got back from my language school. We have to speak French all day there. No English allowed!哦,我刚刚从语言学校回来。

在那里我们成天说法语,不准说英语。

B:What are you doing that for?为什么要这样呢?A:I’m trying to learn new skills. It makes me more qualified for a good job.我想学一点新的技能。

这可以让我更有资格胜任一个好的工作。

B:Good for you.好得很。

在银行Unit2词汇讲义拓展A:Can you change American dollars into French Francs?能把美元兑换成法郎吗?B:Yes. How much do you want?可以,您要换多少?A:Fifty dollars. What is the exchange rate today?只换50 美元。

今天的汇率多少?B:One dollar to five Francs. Is that all right?1 美元对5 法郎。

covert的词源

covert的词源

covert的词源Covert一词源Covert是英语中常用的一个词汇,它的意思可以解释为隐藏、秘密、隐蔽等。

Covert这个词汇源自两个不同的语言。

在英语中,它源自古法语中的“covert”一词,而在古英语中,它则源自“cu”一词。

从古法语到英语covert一词最早出现在古法语中,那时它的意思是“蔽居的、隐秘的”,用于描述那些在树林深处,隐蔽处居住的人。

在英语中,这个词开始被引入到诗歌中,用以描述深林中的奇特景象,在这些景象中,往往有一些隐秘的、不愿被人察觉的东西。

由此可见,covert这个词最初在使用时,是比较专门性的存在。

到了中世纪后期,随着英语语言的发展,covert这个词的意义也随之扩大了。

在此期间,covert这个词除了用于描述那些被树林覆盖着、隐藏在草丛中的地方之外,也借用了它的隐匿、保护的含义,来描述一些隐蔽的或者秘密的事物。

在这些情况下,covert被使用来描述那些通过防备隐蔽、不被察觉的方式来保护自己不受到伤害的人或者事物。

例如,在野外狩猎时,可以采用covert的方式来追踪、观察猎物。

从古英语到现代英语在古英语中,covert的词源是“cu”,意思是隐藏、遮蔽。

这个单词最初用于形容那些可以藏身避难的地方,比如说树木、岩石、悬崖等等。

在古代时期,人们可以采用covert的方式,将自己藏起来,避开敌人和天气恶劣的影响。

随着时代的推移,cu这个单词的含义也越来越广泛,人们开始将它用在一些比较抽象的场合中。

在这些场合中,cu的含义被赋予了保护、隐匿、掩盖等方面的含义。

在现代英语中,covert这个词已经被广泛使用。

它现在的意义与原始意义相比已经发生了巨大的变化。

这个词现在用来描述一些更加广泛的意义,比如说指代政治或商业方面的秘密行动,或者是进行破解电子密码等方面的操作。

总结总的来说,covert这个词源源远流长,可以追溯到古法语和古英语中。

从最开始的蔽居到之后的保护、隐匿、掩盖,covert的含义也在不断地进化。

英语中的法语借词研究

英语中的法语借词研究

英语中的法语借词研究英语与法语有着密切的历史和文化,这种在语言上也有所体现。

英语从法语中借用了许多词汇,这些借词在英语中广泛使用,为英语词汇库增添了丰富的色彩。

本文将对英语中的法语借词进行深入研究,探究其特点、来源及历史背景。

一、英语中的法语借词特点1、拼写变化英语中的法语借词在拼写上往往发生了变化。

例如,法语中的“beau”在英语中变成了“beautiful”,法语中的“rendezvous”在英语中变成了“reunion”。

这些变化使得这些借词在英语中看起来更像英语词汇,但它们仍然保留了法语的发音和意义。

2、常用词汇英语中的法语借词多为常用词汇,如“delicieux”(美味的)、“premi ère”(第一的)等。

这些词汇在英语中广泛使用,已经成为英语不可或缺的一部分。

3、涉及领域广泛英语中的法语借词涉及领域广泛,包括政治、军事、文化、艺术、食品、时尚等多个领域。

这些借词为英语提供了更多精确和生动的表达方式。

二、英语中的法语借词来源1、诺曼底征服1066年,诺曼底公爵威廉征服英格兰,将法语作为官方语言。

这一历史事件使得大量法语词汇进入英语,丰富了英语词汇库。

2、贸易和外交贸易和外交也是英语中的法语借词的重要来源。

在国际贸易和外交交流中,英语往往需要借鉴其他语言来表达某些概念或思想。

3、文化和艺术英语中的法语借词还来源于文化和艺术领域。

例如,英文中的“ballet”就源自法语中的“ballet”。

三、英语中的法语借词历史背景法语对英语的影响可以追溯到公元1066年,诺曼底公爵威廉征服英格兰,将法语作为官方语言。

这一历史事件使得大量法语词汇进入英语。

在此之后,随着贸易、文化和外交交流的不断发展,英语中的法语借词也不断增加。

四、结论英语中的法语借词历史悠久,涉及领域广泛,为英语词汇库增添了新的元素。

这些借词在英语中经过本土化改造,已经成为了英语不可或缺的一部分。

通过深入研究英语中的法语借词,我们可以更好地理解英语的发展历程和法国文化对英国文化的影响。

英语中十大来自法语的词汇

英语中十大来自法语的词汇

英语中⼗⼤来⾃法语的词汇savoir-faire 处世能⼒“savoir-faire”是知道在如何在任何场合都变现得体、圆滑处世的能⼒。

该词在19世纪早期从法语中引进⾄英语。

“savoir-faire”在法语中的字⾯意思是“知道如何做”。

在英语中,这个舶来词经常⽤来形容⼈的圆滑世故,但在法语中,它只是众多形容社交礼貌的词汇之⼀。

法语中“savoir-vivre”表⽰上流社会礼节的知识,字⾯上翻译为“知道如何⽣活”。

Ennui 厌倦,⽆聊“ennui”源于古法语“enui”,表⽰“不悦、烦恼”。

⽽这个词包括英语中的“annoy”都可以追溯到拉丁语“odiō”,意为“厌恶”。

今天“ennui”在英语和法语中均表⽰因为缺乏兴趣、⽆聊⽽产⽣的厌倦、不满等情绪。

Bon Vivant 喜爱美⾷,讲究享受的⼈在法国,⼈们把那些喜爱美⾷,⽣活讲究的⼈为“bon vivant”,字⾯上的意思是“活的很好的⼈”。

如果这是⼀位⼥性,法语中则要⽤阴性表达⽅式“bonne vivante”。

这个词在英语中没有完全类似的词汇,因此英国⼈⼲脆把这个词直接从法语中拿过来,表⽰那些追求⽣活品味的⼈。

Carte Blanche 全权“carte blanche”的说法来⾃法国的⼀种纸牌游戏——⽪克牌。

在17世纪中期,这种游戏在英国也很流⾏。

在这种游戏中,所谓的“carte blanche”是指⼿上没有花牌。

随着时间推移,这种说法开始表⽰在⼀张没有列任何条款的⽩纸上签字,并引申出其现在的意义:拥有⼀切权利。

Je Ne Sais Quoi 难于⾔述的品质“Je ne sais quoi”的意义就如同不懂法语的⼈听到这句话的发⾳⼀样令⼈迷惑。

这句话字⾯上的意思是“我不知道怎么回事”,实际意为“⼀种⽆法定义的、独⼀⽆⼆的品质,尤其是令⼈愉悦的品质”。

这种说法最早在17世纪中期进⼊英⽂,开始表⽰任何神秘的特征。

今天,“Je ne sais quoi”⼤多⽤来形容令⼈愉悦的特质。

英语中的法语词汇

英语中的法语词汇

List of French words and phrases used by English speakers AApéritifsArêteArt Nouveauà gogoin abundance. It pertains to the familiar language in French.à la [...]in the manner of/in the style of [...]à la carteliterally: on the menu; In restaurants it refers to ordering individual dishes rather than afixed-price meal.à proposregarding/concerning (note that the correct French syntax is à propos de)abattoirslaughterhouseaccouchementconfinement during childbirth; the process of having a baby; only this last meaning remains in Frenchacquis communautaireused in European Union law to refer to the total body of EU law accumulated thus far.adieufarewell; literally means "to God," it carries more weight than "au revoir" ("goodbye", literally "Until next time"): it is definitive, implying you will never see the other person again. Depending on the context, misuse of this term can be considered as an insult, as you'll wish for the other person's death or will say that you don't wish to see the other person ever again while alive. It is used for "au revoir" in south of France[1] and to point a deprivation from someone or something. adroitskillful, clever, in French: habile, as a "right-handed" person would be using his "right" hand, as opposed to his left one with which he would be "gauche" meaning "left".aide-mémoire"memory aid"; an object or memorandum to assist in remembrance, or a diplomatic paperproposing the major points of discussionallez!"go!" or "come on!", as a command or as encouragmentamuse-bouche or amuse-gueulea single, bite-sized hors d'œuvre.ancien régimea sociopolitical or other system that no longer exists, an allusion to pre-revolutionary France(used with capital letter in French with this meaning : Ancien Régime)aperçupreview; a first impression; initial insight.apéritifa before-meal drink (in familiar French, it is shortened as "apéro"). In French, it means eitherthe drink or food (amuse-gueules....) you take before a meal. Also, in France, even if you'resupposed to eat after an apéritif, it is socially accepted to take your meal at home, therefore you can have an apéritif at a bar (with or without friends), or at a friend's before going back home. appellation contrôléesupervised use of a name. For the conventional use of the term, see Appellation d'originecontrôléeaprès moi, le délugeliterally: After me, the deluge; remark attributed to Louis XV of France; used in reference to the impending end of a functioning French monarchy and predicting the French Revolution. No.617 Squadron Royal Air Force, famously known as the "Dambusters", uses this as its motto.Also a verse in the song Après Moi by Regina Spektor.arêtea narrow ridge. In French, also fishbone; edge of a polyhedron or graph; bridge of the nose. armoirea type of cabinet; wardrobe.art nouveaua style of decoration and architecture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It bears a capitalin French (Art nouveau).attachéa person attached to an embassy; in French is also the past participle of the verb attacher (= tofasten, to tight, to be linked...)Attaque au FerAn attack on the opponent's blade in fencing, e.g. beat, expulsion, pressure.au contraireon the contrary.au courantup-to-date; abreast of current affairs.au faitbeing conversant in or with, or instructed in or with.au jusliterally, with juice, referring to a food course served with sauce. Often redundantly formulated, as in 'Open-faced steak sandwich, served with au jus.'. No longer used in French, except for the slang "être au jus" (to be informed)au paira young foreigner who does domestic chores in exchange for room and board. In France, thosechores are mainly child care/education.au revoir!"See you later!" In French a contraction of Au plaisir de vous revoir (to the pleasure of seeing you again).avant-garde (pl. avant-gardes)applied to cutting-edge or radically innovative movements in art, music and literature;figuratively "on the edge", literally, a military term, meaning "vanguard" (which is thedeformation of avant-garde) or "advance guard", in other words, "first to attack" (antonym of arrière-garde).avant la lettreused to describe something or someone seen as a precursor or forerunner of something (such as an artistic or political movement) before that something was recognized and named, e.g. "a post-modernist avant la lettre", "a feminist avant la lettre"; the expression literally means before the letter, i.e. "before it had a name".avec plaisirmy pleasure (lit. "with pleasure")Balletbric-à-bracBriocheBureauballeta classical type of dancebeau gesteliterally "beautiful gesture"; gracious gesture; also, a gesture noble in form but meaningless in substance. in French : a selfless/generous/fair-play act.Beaux-Artsmonumental architectural style of the early 20th century made famous by the Académie des Beaux-Artsbeaucoupplenty, lots of, much; merci beaucoup: thanks a lot; misused in slang, for example "beaucoup money" (French would add the preposition de : "beaucoup d'argent"), especially in NewOrleans, LA. Occasionally corrupted to Bookoo, typically in the context of French influenced by Vietnamese culture.bel esprit (pl. beaux esprits)literally "fine mind"; a cultivated, highly intelligent personbellea beautiful woman or girl. Common uses of this word are in the phrases the belle of the ball (themost beautiful woman or girl present at a function) and southern belle (a beautiful woman from the southern states of the US)Belle Époquea period in European social history that began during the late 19th century and lasted untilWorld War I.belles-lettresliterally "fine letters"; literature regarded for its aesthetic value rather than its didactic orinformative content; also, light, stylish writings, usually on literary or intellectual subjectsbien fait !literally "well done"; used to express schadenfreude when someone is well-deservedlypunishedbien pensantliterally "well thinking"; right thinking, orthodox. Commonly implies willful blindness to dangers or suffering faced by others. The noun form bien-pensance is rarely seen in English.blaséunimpressed with something because of over-familiarity, jaded.Bleu celesteliterally "sky blue", is a rarely-occurring tincture in heraldry (not being one of the seven main colours or metals or the three "staynard colours").bon appétitliterally "good appetite"; enjoy your mealbon motwell-chosen word(s), particularly a witty remarkbon vivantone who enjoys the good life, an epicureanbon voyageliterally "good journey"; have a good trip!bonjour"good day", a standard greeting in the morning or afternoonbonne chance"good luck" (as in, 'I wish you good luck')les boules(vulgar) literally "the balls"; meaning that whatever you are talking about is dreadful bourgeoismember of the bourgeoisie. The word used to refer to shopkeepers living in towns in the Middle Ages. Now the term is derogatory, and it applies to a person whose beliefs, attitudes, andpractices are conventionally middle-class.bric-à-bracsmall ornamental objects, less valuable than antiques; a collection of old furniture, china, plate and curiosities. Cf. de bric et de broc, corresponding to our "by hook or by crook", and brack, refuse.briochea sweet yeast bun, kind of a crossover between a popover and a light muffin; French also usethe term as slang for 'potbelly', because of the overhang effect.brunettea brown-haired girl. For brown-haired man, French uses brun and for a woman brune."Brunette" is rarely used in French, unless in old literature, and its masculine form, "brunet" (fora boy), is almost unheard of.bureau (pl. bureaux)office. Also means "desk" in French.CCafé au lait Chaise longueChauffeurChignonCul-de-sacContre-jourCreperieça ne fait rien"that doesn't matter"; rendered as san fairy Ann in British WWI slang [2].cachetlit. "stamp"; a distinctive quality ; quality, prestige.caféa coffee shop (also used in French for "coffee").café au laitcoffee with milk; or a light-brown color. In medicine, it is also used to describe a birthmark that is of a light-brown color (café au lait spot).calquea copied term/thingcarte blancheunlimited authority; literally "white card" (i.e. blank check).carte de visitea calling card, literally "visiting card".carte d'identitéidentity card. Its proper, but less commonly used administrative appellation, is "carte nationale d'identité" (national identity card), abbreviated as CNI.c'est bon"that's good".c'est la guerre!"That's War!"; or "Such is war!" Often used with the meaning that "this means war", but it can be sometimes used as an expression to say that war (or life in general) is harsh but that one must accept it.c'est la mode."That's the fashion."c'est la vie!"That's life!"; or "Such is life!" It is sometimes used as an expression to say that life is harsh but that one must accept it.c'est magnifique!"That's great!"; literally it's magnificent.c’est toutthat is everything, "That's all." See also un point c’est tout.chacun ses goûts / à chacun ses goûts / à chacun son goût / chacun à son goût [all are used] "to each his (their) own taste(s)" or "each to his own taste".chaise longuea long chair for reclining; (also rendered chaise lounge or chase lounge via folk etymology). Champs-Élyséesliterally "Elysian Fields"; Avenue des Champs-Élysées, one of the largest boulevards in Paris.Often referred as simply "les Champs". Pronounced chanz-ay-lee-zaychanteusea female singerchapeaua hat. In French, chapeau is also an expression of congratulations similar to the English "hatsoff to...."chargé d'affairesa diplomat left in charge of day to day business at a diplomatic mission. Within the UnitedStates Department of State a chargé is any officer left in charge of the mission in the absence of the titular chief of mission.charlatana person who is a fraud, a fake, a hoaxer, a deceiver, a con artist.châteaux en Espagneliterally "castles in Spain"; imaginary projects, with little hope of realisation (means the same as "castles in the air" or "pie in the sky"). No known etymology, though it was already used in the 13th century in the Roman de la rose.chauffeurdriverchef d'œuvrea masterpiececherchez la femme"look for the woman", in the sense that, when a man behaves out of character or in anotherwise apparently inexplicable manner, the reason may be found in his trying to cover up an illicit affair with a woman, or to impress or gain favour with a woman. First used by Alexandre Dumas (père) in the third chapter of his novel Les Mohicans de Paris (1854).chevalier d'industrie"knight of industry" : one who lives by his wits, specially by swindling.chezat the house of : often used in the names of restaurants and the like; Chez Marie = "Marie's" chicstylishchignona hairstyle worn in a roll at the nape of the neckcinéma véritérealism in documentary filmmakingcinq, cinquefive; normally referring to the 5 on dice or cards. In French, always spelt cinq.clichélit. negative; trite through overuse; a stereotypecliquea small exclusive group of friends without morale; always used in a pejorative way in French. commandanta commanding officer. In France, used for an airline pilot (le commandant de bord), in the Armyas appellative for a chef de bataillon or a chef d'escadron (roughly equivalent to a major) or in the Navy for any officer from capitaine de corvette to capitaine de vaisseau (equivalent to the Army's majors, lieutenant-colonels and colonels) or for any officer heading a ship.comme ci, comme ça"like this, like that"; so-so, neither good nor bad. In French, usu. couci-couça.comme il faut"as it must be" : in accord with conventions or accepted standards; proper.communiquélit. communicated; an official communication.conciergea receptionist at a hotel or residence. As they have a reputation for gossiping, concierge is alsoa mild insult if you call anyone who isn't a receptionist that (meaning you're a shamelessgossiper).concordatan agreement; a treaty; when used with a capital C in French, it refers to the treaty between the French State and Judaeo-Christian religions during the French Empire (Napoleon) : priests, ministers and rabbis became civil servants. This treaty was abolished in 1905 (lawChurch-State separation) but is still in use in Alsace-Lorraine (those territories were underGerman administration during 1871–1918)confrèrea colleague, esp. in the medical and law professions.congéa departure; in French refers to time off workcontea short story, a tale; in French a conte has usually a fantasy context (such as in fairytales) andalways begins with the words "Il était une fois" ("Once upon a time").contre-coupagainst the blowcontre-jouragainst daylightcontretempsan awkward clash; a delaycoquettea flirtatious girl; a teasecordon sanitairea policy of containment directed against a hostile entity or ideology; a chain of buffer states; lit."quarantine line"cortègea funeral procession; in French has a broader meaning and refers to all kinds of processions. corvéeforced labor for minimal or no pay. In French, overall an unpleasant/tedious task.cotte d'armescoat of arms.coup de foudrelit. thunderbolt ("strike of thunder"); a sudden unforeseen event, usually used to describe love at first sight.coup de grâcethe final blow that results in victory (literally "blow of mercy"), historically used in the context of the battlefield to refer to the killing of badly wounded enemy soldiers, now more often used in a figurative context (e.g., business). Frequently pronounced without the final "s" sound by English speakers who believe that any such sound at the end of a French word is supposed to besilent.[citation needed]coup de maîtrestroke of the master, master strokecoup d'œila glance, literally "a blow (or touch) of the eye".coup de théâtreunexpected dramatic turn of events, a plot twistcouturefashion (usually refers to high fashion)couturiera fashion designer (usually refers to high fashion, rather than everyday clothes design)crèchea nativity display; more commonly (in UK), a place where children are left by their parents forshort periods in the supervision of childminders; both meanings still exist in Frenchcrème brûléea dessert consisting primarily of custard and toasted sugar, that is, caramel; literally "burntcream"crème de la crèmebest of the best, "cream of the cream", used to describe highly skilled people or objects. Asynonymous expression in French is « fin du fin ».crème fraîcheliterally "fresh cream", a heavy cream slightly soured with bacterial culture, but not as sour or as thick as sour creamcrêpea thin sweet or savoury pancake eaten as a light meal or dessertcri du cœur"cry from the heart" : an impassioned outcry, as of entreaty or protestcroissanta crescent-shaped bread made of flaky pastrycri d'amoura "cry of love"critiquea critical analysis or evaluation of a work, or the art of criticizing.cuisine minceurgourmet cooking for staying thincul-de-saca dead-end (residential) street; literally "bottom (buttocks) of the bag".DDressaged'accordin accord; agreed; sure; OK; of coursede nouveauagain; anew. Cf. de novode règleaccording to custom;de rigueurrequired or expected, especially in fashion or etiquettede tropexcessive, "too much"déclasséof inferior social statusdécolletéa woman's garment with a low-cut neckline that exposes cleavage, or a situation in which awoman's chest or cleavage is exposed; décolletage is dealt with below.décorthe layout and furnishing of a roomdécoupagedecoration with cut paperdemi-glacea reduced wine-based sauce for meats and poultrydemi-secsemi-dry, usually said of winedéjà vu"already seen" : an impression or illusion of having seen or experienced something before. dénouementthe end resultdérailleura bicycle gear-shift mechanismdernier crithe latest fashion; literally "latest scream"derrièrerear; buttocks; literally "behind"déshabillépartially clad or scantily dressed; also a special type of garment.désolésorrydétenteeasing of diplomatic tensiondiableriewitchcraft, deviltry, or, more figuratively, "wickedness"Dieu et mon droitmotto of the British Monarchy. It appears on a scroll beneath the shield of the coat of arms of the United Kingdom.directeur sportiflit. sports director. A person responsible for the operation of a cycling team during a roadbicycle race. In French, it means any kind of sports director.divertissementan amusing diversion; entertainmentdossiera file containing detailed information about a person; it has a much wider meaning in modernFrench, as any type of file, or even a computer directorydouceur de vivre"sweetness of life"doyenthe senior member of a group; the feminine is doyennedressagea form of competitive horse training, in French has the broader meaning of taming any kind ofanimaldroit du seigneur"right of the lord" : the purported right of a lord in feudal times to take the virginity of one of his vassals' brides on her wedding night (in precedence to her new husband). The actual French term for this hypothetical custom is droit de cuissage (from cuisse 'thigh').du joursaid of something fashionable or hip for a day and quickly forgotten; today's choice on themenu, as soup du jour, literally "of the day"Eeau de Cologneeau de vieEntréeEn plein airen pointeeau de Colognea type of perfume, originating in Cologne, Germany. Its Italian creator used a French name inorder to commercialize it.eau de toiletteperfume; can be shortened as eau (water); literally "grooming water." Usually refers to aproduct which is less expensive, because it has less aromatic compounds, and is thus used more for everyday purposeseau de vieliterally "water of life" (cf Aquavit and whisky), a type of fruit brandy.écartéa card game; also a ballet positionéchappédance movement foot positionéclaira cream and chocolate icing pastryéclatGreat brilliance, as of performance or achievement. Conspicuous success. Great acclamation or applauseécorchéflayed; biological graphic or model with skin removedélana distinctive flair or styleélan vitalliterally "vital ardor"; the vital force hypothesized by Henri Bergson as a source of efficientcausation and evolution in nature; also called "life-force"éminence grise"grey eminence" : a publicity-shy person with little formal power but great influence over those in authorityen escaliergoing up like stairs; the English tends to be used of text.en garde"[be] on [your] guard", used in fencing, and sometimes mistranscribed as "on guard".en blocas a groupen passantin passingen grande tenueis used in invertebrate paleontology (of Agnostida, an order of Trilobites), to design a shieldwith well marked features. By opposition, some Agnostida have quite smooth shield, with no well marked feature.en plein airliterally "in the open air", and is particularly used to describe the act of painting outdoors.en pointe(in ballet) on tiptoe. Though used in French in this same context, it is not an expression as such.A "pointe" is the ballet figure where one stands on tiptoes. The expression "en pointe", though,means "in an acute angle", and, figuratively, it qualifies the most progressive or modern things (ideas, industry...).en principe, oui"in principle, yes" : a diplomatic way of saying 'no'en routeon the way(je suis) enchanté(e)"(I am) enchanted (to meet you)" : a formal greeting on receiving an introduction. Oftenshortened to simply "enchanté".enfant terriblea disruptively unconventional person, a "terrible child".ennuiboredom.ententediplomatic agreement or cooperation. L'Entente cordiale (the Cordial Entente) refers to thegood diplomatic relationship between France and United Kingdom before the first World War. entre nousconfidentially; literally "between us"entréeliterally "entrance"; the first course of a meal (UK English); used to denote the main dish orcourse of a meal (US English).entremetsdesserts/sweet dishes. More literally, a side dish that can be served between the courses of a meal.entrepreneura person who undertakes and operates a new enterprise or venture and assumes someaccountability for the inherent risksEmbonpointa plump, hourglass figure.escargotsnailescritoirewriting desk; spelled "écritoire" in current Frenchesprit de corps"spirit of the body [group]" : a feeling of solidarity among members of a group; morale. Often used in connection with a military force.esprit de l'escalier"wit of the stairs" : a concise, clever statement you don't think of until too late, e.g. on the stairs leaving the scenel'État, c'est moi!"I am the state!" — attributed to the archetypal absolute monarch, Louis XIV of Franceétudea musical composition designed to provide practice in a particular technical skill in theperformance of an instrument. French for "study".étuismall ornamental case for needles or cosmeticsexcusez-moiexcuse me; can be used sarcastically (depends on the tone)excusez le mot!excuse the word!; if a certain word has negative connotations (for example, a word-joke at a time of grief)extraordinaireextraordinary, usually as a following adjective, as "musician extraordinaire"et toi ?and you? (Je m'appelle (your name), Et toi ?)(my name is (your name) and yours?)FFleur de LisFoie grasFleur de selfaçadethe front view of an edifice (from the Italian facciata, or face); a fake persona, as in "putting on a façade" (the ç is pronounced like an s)fait accomplilit. accomplished fact; something that has already happened and is thus unlikely to be reversed.A done deal. In French only used in the expression "placer/mettre quelqu'un devant le faitaccompli" meaning to present somebody with a fait accompli.faute de mieuxfor want of betterfauxfalse, ersatz, fake.faux amis"false friends" : words in two different languages that have the same or similar spelling, andoften the same etymology but different meanings, such as the French verb rester which means "to stay" rather than "to rest"faux pas"false step" : violation of accepted, although unwritten, social rulesfemme fatale"deadly woman" : an attractive woman who seduces and takes advantage of men in order to achieve personal goals after which she discards or abandons the victim. Used to describe an attractive woman with whom a relationship is likely to result, or has already resulted, in pain and sorrowfeuilleton"little leaf of paper" : a periodical, or part of a periodical, consisting chiefly of non-political news and gossip, literature and art criticism, a chronicle of the latest fashions, and epigrams,charades and other literary trifles.fiancé/ebetrothed; lit. a man/woman engaged to be married.fier de l'êtreproud of being; "French, and proud to be so"film noira genre of dark-themed movies from the 1940s and 1950s that focus on stories of crime andimmoralityfilsused after a man's surname to distinguish a son from a father, as George Bush fils (in French, "fils" = son)fin de saison"end of season" : marks the end of an extended (annual) period during which businessincreases significantly, most commonly used for the end of summer tourismflambéa cooking procedure in which alcohol (ethanol) is added to a hot pan to create a burst of flames,meaning "flamed" in French. Also used colloquially in reference to something on fire or burned. flambeaua lit torchflâneura gentleman stroller of city streets; an aimless idlerfleur-de-lisa stylized-flower heraldic device; the golden fleur-de-lis on an azure background were the armsof the French Kingdom (often spelled with the old French style as "fleur-de-lys")fleur de selliterally "flower of salt", hand-harvested sea salt collected by workers who scrape only the top layer of salt before it sinks to the bottom of large salt pans.foie grasfatty liver; usually the liver of overfed goose, hence: pâté de foie gras, pâté made from goose liver. However, "foie gras" generally stands for "paté de foie gras" as it is the most common way to use it.folie à deuxa simultaneous occurrence of delusions in two closely related people, often said of anunsuitable romance。

[精品]浅析英语中的法语外来词

[精品]浅析英语中的法语外来词

[精品]浅析英语中的法语外来词英语中的法语外来词是指源自法语的词汇,这些词汇在英语中被广泛使用,且具有重要的意义和影响。

这些法语外来词通常是在中世纪时期由法国的诗人、学者和外交官引入英语中的,随着时间的推移,这些词汇逐渐融入到英语的词汇系统中。

下面将对英语中的一些常见法语外来词进行浅析。

首先,法语外来词在英语中主要涵盖了各个领域,如文学、艺术、音乐、法律、政治、时尚等。

比如在文学方面,我们经常使用的词汇如literature(文学)、poetry(诗歌)、novel(小说)等都是源自法语。

在艺术方面,词汇如painting(绘画)、sculpture(雕塑)、exhibition(展览)等也是源自法语的。

这些法语外来词的使用丰富了英语词汇的表达能力,使得英语能够更加准确地描述事物和概念。

其次,法语外来词在英语中具有一定的特点。

首先,这些词汇通常保留了法语的发音和拼写方式,比如châtea u(城堡)、résumé(摘要)、entrepreneur(企业家)等。

其次,这些词汇通常具有高雅、精确的意义,使得它们在特定领域中得到广泛应用。

比如在法律领域,我们使用的词汇如judge(法官)、jury(陪审团)、verdict(判决)等都是源自法语的。

再次,这些词汇在英语中的使用方式和语法规则也与法语有所不同。

比如在法语中,形容词通常位于名词之后,而在英语中则是位于名词之前,比如le livre intéressant(有趣的书)在英语中则是an interesting book(一个有趣的书)。

最后,法语外来词的使用不仅仅是为了增加词汇量和表达能力,也反映了英语和法语之间的文化交流和相互影响。

通过使用法语外来词,英语借鉴了法语的优秀词汇,丰富了自己的表达方式,同时也与法语形成了一种文化联系。

这种文化联系也有助于人们更好地理解和欣赏法国文化。

总之,英语中的法语外来词在词汇系统中起着重要的作用,丰富了英语的表达能力,反映了英语和法语之间的文化交流。

fear的词源

fear的词源

fear的词源
词源学是研究单词的起源和发展的学问,而“fear”是一个常用的英文单词,它的词源有着深厚的历史背景。

在这篇文章中,我们将探究“fear”的起源和发展,并解释它在现代英文中的含义。

1. 古法语中的“faire”
“Faire”是古法语中的一个词,指的是“使”、“做”、“行动”等意思。

在中世纪英语中,它也被用来表示“祈祷”,表明一个人的行动是为了神的荣耀。

2. 英语中的“foere”
随着时间的推移,这个词在英格兰变异成了“foere”,寓意为“守护”、“担心”或“担忧”。

这个词在中世纪英语中非常常用,尤其是在文学作品中。

3. 古英语中的“fœr”
“Fœr”是古英语中的一个词,表示“恐惧”、“害怕”或“惊慌”。

这个词出现在很多古老的英格兰文学作品中,包括《贝奥武夫》、《贝奥武甫》和《国王阿尔瑟》等。

4. 现代英语中的“fear”
在现代英语中,“fear”仍然有“害怕”或“恐惧”的含义。

它作为一个名词时,表示一种情感状态或感觉,表明一个人对某种事物感到不安或担忧。

总结:从“faire”到“foere”、再到“fœr”,“fear”的意义转变了多次,但它一直是一个围绕行动、守护、祈祷、担心、恐惧等词汇的词语。

随着时代的变迁,“fear”的含义也发生了变化,但它的基本涵义一直是与人类的情感状态和感觉相关的。

在我们的日常生活中,我们可能会遇到很多引发恐惧的事物,如恐高、恐惧社交、恐惧动物等。

不过,我们必须学会是正视和控制我们的恐惧,因为它们是我们情感和生理反应的一部分。

从历史文化角度看英语中的法语词汇-文档资料

从历史文化角度看英语中的法语词汇-文档资料

从历史文化角度看英语中的法语词汇-文档资料从历史文化角度看英语中的法语词汇英语包含极其丰富的外来词,其词源中仅有不足百分之四十的词汇来自于古英语,而在众多的外来语之中,属于拉丁语系的法语对日耳曼语系英语的影响及所占比重最大。

英国与法国自古以来就交往密切,法语对英语的影响最早可以追溯到1066年的诺曼底征服,延续到后来法国宗教和文学对英语语言的影响,再到现当代的法语在文化方面对英语的影响,可以说法语为英语提供了基础和借鉴,使得英语得以完善的发展,词汇更加全面丰富。

一、历史渊源:诺曼底征服1066年,法国北部的诺曼底人征服了英国古老的盎格鲁撒克逊部落,诺曼底征服不仅加快了英国封建制度的转型,同时其影响也深入盎格鲁撒克逊部落的政治,宗教与语言文化中。

在诺曼底征服之后,新的统治者使用法语,因而法语成了当时英国政府的官方语言,例如在行政管理、政府公文等的相关文件中都是用法语书写。

因此,在英语词汇中,政府管理类的词汇中出现了大量法语。

例如:government(政府),court(法院),parliament(议会)realm(领域),sovereign(君主),mayor (市长)等。

据统计,这一时期大约有一万多个法语词汇进入英语,而其中的百分之七十被沿用至今。

但这一时期英语单词本身结构没有改变,仍旧归属于日耳曼语。

而这一时期引入的法语单词常常是按照古英语的发音及拼写规则进行修改后而被纳入英语的,因而,学习者很难就字形或字音辨别其为外来语。

此时,法语作为上层阶级使用的语言,被认为是高贵的精英阶层的语言。

于是普通人为了生计也开始大量的学习法语,促成了在诺曼底政府之后的三四百年间,法语逐渐渗透进英国社会生活的各个方面。

其中还有一些很有意思的现象,统治阶级与被统治阶级的相互抵制与压迫抗争,致使现今的英语词汇中仍存在着对同一种物品有两种不同叫法的现象。

这食物方面体现的最为明显。

作为下层阶级的英国农民喂养牲畜供给上层阶级的贵族食用,但高贵的法国贵族们为了区别他们的身份和地位赋予了作为食物食用的牲畜一种截然不同叫法和写法。

英语中的法语词汇

英语中的法语词汇

英语中的法语词汇 Document number:NOCG-YUNOO-BUYTT-UU986-1986UTgenre 题材(指文学),类型(指影视,如动作片,恐怖片)(现在好象很火的词汇,很多影视明星被采访时常用的词)boulevard/avenue 林荫大道Debut 初次登场amateur 初学者,业余爱好者rendezvous 地点 (常指约会的地点,您会发音吗听听是不是比place浪漫多了)cul-de-sac 死胡同 (我在爱尔兰时,在小街道口常见到它,没见到用dead-end的) coup d'etat 军事政变 (注意发音,和上面的词还挺对仗呢)deluxe 豪华的 (国内的很多商品上常印的词,酒店也常用)salon 沙龙 (就是文人墨客,影视名流开的party)scenario 脚本,情节,事态(口语中很常用的,请google一下老外例句,必须掌握) parasol 阳伞 (小伙子学会此词,为女友遮风避日)elite 精英分子 (电视广告中好像出过此词,我们都是社会栋梁,国家的精英)resume 简历 (国内招聘常用,说时注意发音特别;国外都用 CV )mirage 海市蜃楼 (和普通以age结尾的英语词发音不同)fiance 未婚夫 (未婚妻是fiancee,多个e, 但发音两词是相同的)cuisine 烹饪 (老外一般都用cooking,但厨师一般不说cook, 而叫chef )aperitif 开胃酒 (餐前餐后后可以喝的,一般都是甜类酒等不strong 的)avalanche 雪崩 (常年积雪的山区能常用,外国公司还有用它的,雪崩company)chic 时髦的 (时尚方面很常用)naive 天真的 (很常用的词了,会它的名词吗 naivete 会读吗)blase 厌倦享乐的 (这样的人目前还不算多,美女来陪我,我怎能厌倦吗你能吗 ) nonchalant 冷漠的 (比indifferent要显得有学问)bourgeoisie 资产阶级(现在不太火了,也分不清了,好象全世界都是....,怎么读了) connaisseur 行家,鉴赏家(现在电视都在搞鉴宝,行家也常花眼纯胡闹)liaison 联络 (最常用词,会读就行了)brochure 小册子 (国外学校,单位等做宣传用的,免费提供)cliche 陈词烂调 (要是每天用英语能说上两个点,哪怕都是cliche也让敬佩) souvenir 纪念品 (常用的词)envoy(envoi) 特使 (现在的朝核六方谈判,电视中亮相的美方特使鲍尔森就是envoy) avant-garde 先锋(就是pioneer,但常用在提及文学艺术等高雅的方面)hauteur 傲慢 (阅读文章时常见,特别在时代周刊的着名刊物中)entrepreneur 企业家(常用的词汇,和企业enterprise很相像,但发音相差甚远)finale 大结局 (要和final最后的区分,意思相近,但发音很不一样)collage 拼贴画 (和学院college一起记,但发音相差甚远)regime 政权,政体(注意发音,并和regimen摄生法,regiment军团一同分记忆) detente 缓和(指国际关系)facade 正面 (指一些物体的,如建筑物)gendarme 宪兵 (即监管士兵的军事警察)还有象香烟cigarette一类以ette结尾的法语词。

英语中地法语词汇大汇总

英语中地法语词汇大汇总

英法两国隔英吉利海峡相望, 英伦三岛的人要去欧洲大陆, 必经法国。

历史上两国交战频繁,在古代和中世纪,两国的王室、 贵族通婚时有发生。

诺曼人征服英国后,操法语的诺曼贵族入主不列颠,统治英国经百余年。

而且, 法兰西一向是欧洲的泱泱大国,产生过灿烂的封建文化,在很长一段时期内是欧洲文化的中心。

由于以上种种原因, 法语对英语词汇影响巨大,进入英语的法语词数量大,涉及面广。

据说,一个受过相当教育的英美人,即使没有专门学过法语, 拿起一张法文报纸, 对一些文章的内容也能揣摩出个大概, 这就反证出法语词在英语中的地位。

早在诺曼征服之前, 法语词就开始进入英语。

建筑城堡和食用咸肉这样的事情都是从法国传到英国的, castle (城堡)和 bacon (咸肉)因此被引入英语。

以诺曼征服为起点的中古英语时期,约有一万多法语词进入英语,其中 75%流传至今仍在使用。

从下面的例词可以看出法语对英语词汇的影响是多么深。

英国政府和行政管理方面的词多数来自法语,例如: government (政府), govern (统治),administer (管理),crown (王冠),state (国家),empire (帝国),realm (王国),reign (君主统治), royal (王室的), prerogative (君权), authority (权力), sovereign (君主),majesty (陛下),tyrant (专制统治者) ,usurp (篡夺),oppress (压迫),court (宫廷),council (地方议会) , parliament (国会),assembly (议会), treaty (条约), alliance (联盟), tax (税), subsidy (补贴金),revenue (税收)。

宗教事务方面的词也多来自法语, 例如: religion (宗教),theology (神学),sermon (布道),baptism (洗礼),communion (圣餐),confession (忏悔),penance (苦行),prayer (祈祷),clergy (牧师),clerk (教士),cardinal (红衣主教),dean (教长),parson (教区牧师),vicar (教区牧师),crucifix (十字架),trinity (圣三位一体 --圣父、圣子、圣灵) ,virgin (修女), saint (圣人)。

英语中的法语词汇

英语中的法语词汇

英语中的法语词汇 Prepared on 22 November 2020genre 题材(指文学),类型(指影视,如动作片,恐怖片)(现在好象很火的词汇,很多影视明星被采访时常用的词)boulevard/avenue 林荫大道Debut 初次登场amateur 初学者,业余爱好者rendezvous 地点 (常指约会的地点,您会发音吗听听是不是比place浪漫多了) cul-de-sac 死胡同 (我在爱尔兰时,在小街道口常见到它,没见到用dead-end的) coup d'etat 军事政变 (注意发音,和上面的词还挺对仗呢)deluxe 豪华的 (国内的很多商品上常印的词,酒店也常用)salon 沙龙 (就是文人墨客,影视名流开的party)scenario 脚本,情节,事态(口语中很常用的,请google一下老外例句,必须掌握) parasol 阳伞 (小伙子学会此词,为女友遮风避日)elite 精英分子 (电视广告中好像出过此词,我们都是社会栋梁,国家的精英) resume 简历 (国内招聘常用,说时注意发音特别;国外都用 CV )mirage 海市蜃楼 (和普通以age结尾的英语词发音不同)fiance 未婚夫 (未婚妻是fiancee,多个e, 但发音两词是相同的)cuisine 烹饪 (老外一般都用cooking,但厨师一般不说cook, 而叫chef ) aperitif 开胃酒 (餐前餐后后可以喝的,一般都是甜类酒等不strong 的) avalanche 雪崩 (常年积雪的山区能常用,外国公司还有用它的,雪崩company) chic 时髦的 (时尚方面很常用)naive 天真的 (很常用的词了,会它的名词吗 naivete 会读吗)blase 厌倦享乐的 (这样的人目前还不算多,美女来陪我,我怎能厌倦吗你能吗 )nonchalant 冷漠的 (比indifferent要显得有学问)bourgeoisie 资产阶级(现在不太火了,也分不清了,好象全世界都是....,怎么读了) connaisseur 行家,鉴赏家(现在电视都在搞鉴宝,行家也常花眼纯胡闹)liaison 联络 (最常用词,会读就行了)brochure 小册子 (国外学校,单位等做宣传用的,免费提供)cliche 陈词烂调 (要是每天用英语能说上两个点,哪怕都是cliche也让敬佩) souvenir 纪念品 (常用的词)envoy(envoi) 特使 (现在的朝核六方谈判,电视中亮相的美方特使鲍尔森就是envoy)avant-garde 先锋(就是pioneer,但常用在提及文学艺术等高雅的方面) hauteur 傲慢 (阅读文章时常见,特别在时代周刊的着名刊物中)entrepreneur 企业家(常用的词汇,和企业enterprise很相像,但发音相差甚远) finale 大结局 (要和final最后的区分,意思相近,但发音很不一样)collage 拼贴画 (和学院college一起记,但发音相差甚远)regime 政权,政体(注意发音,并和regimen摄生法,regiment军团一同分记忆) detente 缓和(指国际关系)facade 正面 (指一些物体的,如建筑物)gendarme 宪兵 (即监管士兵的军事警察)还有象香烟cigarette一类以ette结尾的法语词。

英语中的法语词汇大汇总

英语中的法语词汇大汇总

英法两国隔英吉利海峡相望,英伦三岛的人要去欧洲大陆,必经法国。

历史上两国交战频繁,在古代和中世纪,两国的王室、贵族通婚时有发生。

诺曼人征服英国后,操法语的诺曼贵族入主不列颠,统治英国经百余年。

而且,法兰西一向是欧洲的泱泱大国,产生过灿烂的封建文化,在很长一段时期内是欧洲文化的中心。

由于以上种种原因,法语对英语词汇影响巨大,进入英语的法语词数量大,涉及面广。

据说,一个受过相当教育的英美人,即使没有专门学过法语,拿起一张法文报纸,对一些文章的内容也能揣摩出个大概,这就反证出法语词在英语中的地位。

早在诺曼征服之前,法语词就开始进入英语。

建筑城堡和食用咸肉这样的事情都是从法国传到英国的,castle(城堡)和bacon(咸肉)因此被引入英语。

以诺曼征服为起点的中古英语时期,约有一万多法语词进入英语,其中75%流传至今仍在使用。

从下面的例词可以看出法语对英语词汇的影响是多么深。

英国政府和行政管理方面的词多数来自法语,例如:government(政府),govern(统治),administer(管理),crown(王冠),state(国家),empire(帝国),realm(王国),reign (君主统治),royal(王室的),prerogative(君权),authority(权力),sovereign(君主),majesty(陛下),tyrant(专制统治者),usurp(篡夺),oppress(压迫),court(宫廷),council (地方议会),parliament(国会),assembly(议会),treaty(条约),alliance(联盟),tax (税),subsidy(补贴金),revenue(税收)。

宗教事务方面的词也多来自法语,例如:religion(宗教),theology(神学),sermon(布道),baptism(洗礼),communion(圣餐),confession(忏悔),penance(苦行),prayer(祈祷),clergy(牧师),clerk(教士),cardinal(红衣主教),dean(教长),parson(教区牧师),vicar(教区牧师),crucifix(十字架),trinity(圣三位一体--圣父、圣子、圣灵),virgin(修女),saint(圣人)。

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genre 题材(指文学),类型(指影视,如动作片,恐怖片)(现在好象很火的词汇,很多影视明星被采访时常用的词)
boulevard/avenue 林荫大道
Debut 初次登场
amateur 初学者,业余爱好者
rendezvous 地点(常指约会的地点,您会发音吗?听听是不是比place浪漫多了)
cul-de-sac 死胡同(我在爱尔兰时,在小街道口常见到它,没见到用dead-end的)
coup d'etat 军事政变(注意发音,和上面的词还挺对仗呢)
deluxe 豪华的(国内的很多商品上常印的词,酒店也常用)
salon 沙龙(就是文人墨客,影视名流开的party)
scenario 脚本,情节,事态(口语中很常用的,请google一下老外例句,必须掌握)
parasol 阳伞(小伙子学会此词,为女友遮风避日)
elite 精英分子(电视广告中好像出过此词,我们都是社会栋梁,国家的精英)
resume 简历(国内招聘常用,说时注意发音特别;国外都用CV )
mirage 海市蜃楼(和普通以age结尾的英语词发音不同)
fiance 未婚夫(未婚妻是fiancee,多个e, 但发音两词是相同的)
cuisine 烹饪(老外一般都用cooking,但厨师一般不说cook, 而叫chef )
aperitif 开胃酒(餐前餐后后可以喝的,一般都是甜类酒等不strong 的)
avalanche 雪崩(常年积雪的山区能常用,外国公司还有用它的,雪崩company)
chic 时髦的(时尚方面很常用)
naive 天真的(很常用的词了,会它的名词吗? naivete 会读吗?)
blase 厌倦享乐的(这样的人目前还不算多,美女来陪我,我怎能厌倦吗?你能吗? ) nonchalant 冷漠的(比indifferent要显得有学问)
bourgeoisie 资产阶级(现在不太火了,也分不清了,好象全世界都是....,怎么读了) connaisseur 行家,鉴赏家(现在电视都在搞鉴宝,行家也常花眼纯胡闹)
liaison 联络(最常用词,会读就行了)
brochure 小册子(国外学校,单位等做宣传用的,免费提供)
cliche 陈词烂调(要是每天用英语能说上两个点,哪怕都是cliche也让敬佩)
souvenir 纪念品(常用的词)
envoy(envoi) 特使(现在的朝核六方谈判,电视中亮相的美方特使鲍尔森就是envoy) avant-garde 先锋(就是pioneer,但常用在提及文学艺术等高雅的方面)
hauteur 傲慢(阅读文章时常见,特别在时代周刊的著名刊物中)
entrepreneur 企业家(常用的词汇,和企业enterprise很相像,但发音相差甚远)
finale 大结局(要和final最后的区分,意思相近,但发音很不一样)
collage 拼贴画(和学院college一起记,但发音相差甚远)
regime 政权,政体(注意发音,并和regimen摄生法,regiment军团一同分记忆)
detente 缓和(指国际关系)
facade 正面(指一些物体的,如建筑物)
gendarme 宪兵(即监管士兵的军事警察)
还有象香烟cigarette一类以ette结尾的法语词。

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