规则动词与不规则动词

规则动词与不规则动词

英语中大部分都是规则动词。规则动词都以加-ed词尾的方式构成过去式和过去分词；又以加-ing词尾的方式构成现在分词。

现在式Listen Treat Wish Discuss 过去式

Listened

Treated

Wished

Discussed

过去分词

Listened

Treated

Wished

Discussed

现在分词

Listening

Treating

wishing

discussing

但在加-ed及-ing词尾时要注意：

若以字母e结尾:：去式及过去分词只需加-d；而现在分词则要除去e加上-ing（双e结尾的除外）。

Love→loved→loving acknowledge→acknowledged→acknowledging

live→lived→living please→pleased→pleasing

2．“辅音+y”结尾：过去式及过去分词应先变y为i，再加-ed；现在分词只加-ing。study→studied→studying try→tried→trying fry→fried→frying

3．“元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾，该音节又重读者，末尾辅音字母要双写-e，再加上-ed或-ing。

plan→planned→planning beg→begged→begging prefer→preferred→preferring permit→permitted→permitting

在其他情况下都直接加-ed或-ing：

Play→played→playing（虽以y结尾，但前面是元音字母a）

Pack→packed→packing（末尾是两个辅音字母，因此不需双写）

repeat→repeated→repeating（辅音字母前是两个元音字母，因此辅音字母无需双写）open→opened→opening（后面音节不重读，因此末尾辅音字母也不需双写）

4．“一个元音字母+L”结尾的词，英国人双写，美国人不双写：

travel→travelled→travelling（英）travel→traveled→traveling（美）

cancel→cancelled→cancelling（英）cancel→canceled→canceling（美）

5．若“L”前面有两个元音字母，L则一概不双写：

reveal→revealed→revealing（英、美）appeal→appealed→appealing（英、美）

6．另有少数特殊的词，尽管末尾音节不重读，末尾辅音字母在英国仍然双写：Worship→worshipped→worshipping（英）worship→worshiped→worshiping（美）Kidnap→kidnapped→kidnapping（英）kidnap→kidnaped→kidnaping（美）

program→programmed（英）program→programed（美国有时用此拼法）

7．以“X”结尾的词，X不双写：

tax→taxed→taxing mix→mixed→mixing

在英语中，有些词在加-ed/-ing时，其末尾字母需要双写。常见的有下面这些：

abet beg compel dip emit flag hop knit

mug

abhor

blot

confer

distil

enrol

get

hug

knot

nag

acquit

brag

control

dot

enthral

grin

hum

lag

net

admit

brim

cram

drag

equip

grip

incur

log

nip

allot

chat

crop

drop

excel

grog

instil

man

nod

ban

chop

dam

drum

expel

gun

jam

mar

occur

bar

clap

defer dub fan handica

p

jog

mob

omit

bat

commit

deter

embed

fit

hem

jot

mop

outwit

pad plug scan pat

pop

scar

patrol

prop

scarp

pen

propel

scrub

pin

rebel

ship

pit

rebut

shop

plan

recap

shred

plod

refer

shrug

shun slap stab stun transfer trip sin

slip

star

submit

transmi

t

trot

sip

slop

stem

sun

throb

vet

skid

slot

step

swap

tip

wag

skim

snap

stir

tag

top

wrap

skin

sob

stop

tan

trap

skip

spot

strap

tap

trek

slam

squat

strip

thin

trim

另外，下面的词在加-ed和-ing时，在英国英语中末尾的字母要双写，而在美国英语中却不一定双写：

Cancel dial equal hiccup initial

kidnap

label

level

Marvel

model

panel

pedal

pencil

progra

m

quarrel

refuel

Revel

rival

shovel

shrivel

spiral

stencil

total

travel

Tunnel

unravel

worship

不规则动词数目虽然有限，但大多数是常用动词，例如：

Beat→beat→beaten become→became→become begin→began→begun blow→blew→blown

break→broke→broken bring→brought→brought build→built→built

burst→burst→burst

buy→bought→bought catch→caught→caught choose→chose→chosen come→came→come

cost→cost→cost

dig→dug→dug

do→did→done

draw→drew→drawn

drink→drank→drunk

drive→drove→driven

eat→eat→eaten

fall→fell→fallen

feel→felt→felt

find→found→found

fly→flew→flown

forget→forgot→forgoten forgive→forgave→forgiven

freeze→froze→frizen

get→got→got

give→gave→given

go→went→gone

grow→grew→grown

have→had→had

hear→heard→heard

hide→hid→hidden

hit→hit→hit

hold→held→held

hurt→hurt→hurt

keep→kept→kept

know→knew→known

lay→laid→laid

lead→led→led

leave→left→left

lend→lent→lent

let→let→let

lie→lay→lain

lose→lost→lost

make→made→made

mean→meant→meant

meet→met→met

pay→paid→paid

put→put→put

read→read→read

ride→rode→ridden

ring→rang→rung

rise→rose→risen

run→ran→run

say→said→said

see→saw→seen

sell→sold→sold

send→sent→sent

set→set→set

shake→shook→shaken

shine→shone→shone

shoot→shot→shot

show→showed→shown

shut→shut→shut

sing→sang→sung

sink→sank→sunk

sit→sat→sat

sleep→slept→slept

speak→spoke→spoken

spend→spent→spent

spin→span→spun