铲车岗位操作培训手册定稿版
铲车岗位操作培训手册 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
目录
一、司机岗位职责·································
(4)
二、适应范围································
(4)
三、岗位作业规程·································
(4)
四、装载机安全作业操作规程·································
(4)
五、装载机使用中的注意事项·································
(5)
六、装载机作业方法·································
(6)
6.1铲装作业·································
(6)
6.1.1作业准备·································
(6)
9.1.2作业过程·································
(6)
6.2铲装方法·································
(6)
9.2.1一次铲装法·································
(6)
6.2.2配合铲装法·································
(6)
6.3 装载机与运输车辆配合的作业方案·································
6
6.3.1、V型作业方法·································
(6)
6.3.2、I型作业方法·································
(7)
6.3.3、L型作业方法·································
(7)
6.3.4、T型作业方法·································
(7)
6.4搬运工作·································
(7)
6.5推运作业·································
(7)
6.6整地作业·································
(7)
6.6.1撒土作业·································
(7)
6.6.2粗平整·································
(7)
6.6.3精平整·································
(7)
6.7挖掘作业·································
(7)
6.7.1铲进作业·································
(7)
6.7.2挖土作业·································
(7)
6.8牵引作业·································
(8)
七、装载机的停车·································
(8)
八、卫生环保职责·································
(8)
九、装载机的定期保养和润滑·································
(8)
9.1日常检查保养·································
(8)
9.1.1每班启动发动机前应检查的部位·································
·8
9.1.2每班启动发动机后应检查的部位·································
·9
9.1.3作业运行中的检查·································
(9)
9.2定期维护保养·································
(9)
9.2.1每50工作小时的维·································
(9)
9.2.2每100工作小时的维护·································
(9)
9.2.3每250工作小时的维护·································
(9)
9.2.4每500工作小时的维护·································
(9)
9.2.5每1000工作小时的维护·································
(10)
9.2.6每2000工作小时的维护·································
(10)
十、装载机的常见故障及排除·································
(11)
10.1传动系统·································
(11)
㈠各档变速压力均低·································
(11)
㈡某个档变速压力底·································
(11)
㈢变矩器油温过高·································
(11)
㈣发动机高转速车开不动·································
(11)
㈤驱动力不足·································
(11)
㈥变速箱油位增高·································
(11)
10.2制动系统·································
(11)
㈠脚制动力不足·································
(11)
㈡刹车后挂不上档（变速压力表不指示） (12)
㈢停车制动器不能正常松开·································
(12)
㈣听车后空气罐压力迅速下降（30分钟气压下降超过
0.1MPa） (12)
㈤刹车气压表压力上升缓慢·································
(12)
㈥紧急及停车制动力不足·································
(12)
10.3工作液压系统·································
(12)
㈠动臂提升力不足或转斗提升力不足·································
·12
㈡发动机高转速时，转斗或动臂提升缓慢 (12)
10.4转向液压系统·································
(12)
㈠转向费力·································
(12)
㈡车子转向不平稳·································
(13)
㈢车子左右转向都慢·································
(13)
㈣车子一边转向快一边转向慢·································
(13)
㈤转动方向盘车子不转向·································
(13)
㈥司机不操作车子自传·································
(13)
㈦司机不操作方向盘自传·································
(13)
㈧车子高速运转时转向太快·································
(13)
㈨转向泵噪音大，转向缸动作缓慢································
(13)
10.5电气系统·································
(13)
㈠发电机不发电或发出电压低·································
(13)
㈡发电机过热·································
(13)
㈢蓄电池不充电或充电电流过小·································
(14)
㈣蓄电池充电电流长时间过大·································
(14)
㈤电传感仪表无指示·································
(14)
㈥发动机无法启动或启动困难·································
(14)
㈦发电机不熄火·································
(14)
㈧灯具不亮·································
(14)
㈨仪表指示至最大量程·································
(14)
十一、成本质量控制·································
(15)
11.1装载机节油的管理·································
(15)
11.3车辆加油管理································
(15)
11.4开展修旧利废活动·································
(15)
11.5实行定人定车管理·································
(15)
一、司机岗位职责
1.1熟悉车辆工作原理、机械常识，交通规则。
1.2自觉遵守交通法规和安全操作规程，严格执行车辆日常保养制度。
1.3驾驶所属车辆完成生产任务。负责各条生产线上料、堆场均化平整、物料
倒运等工作。
1.4听从中控值班主任的统一调动，保证各生产岗位上的正常运行；除水泥事
业部中控室和车队长以外，其他任何人没有权利随便调车。
1.5每位司机严格执行定人定车制度，不准乱用他人车辆。对所属车辆经常要
主动进行维护、保养。
1.6对发生故障的车辆应及时向车队申报，小故障自己负责排除，大故障应提
出维修方案并配合修理工实施维修。
1.7认真完成值班长与车队长零时安排的工作任务。
1.8认真学习岗位知识，努力提高技术水平，加强服务质量。
二、适用范围
适用于蒙西混凝土有限公司车队司机。
三、岗位作业规程
3.1 上班必须在45分钟前到中控值班主任室签到，正点后必须到达现场。3.2司机上料时，必须按值班主任的规定和比例上料；并与上料工配合完成上
料任务；无故不得上错或耽误上料。
3.3自觉干好工作范围内的活，不得故意拖延工作时间或出工不出力。
3.4司机在交接班时，各岗位料仓必须上满，堆场必须平整好；熟料库必须倒
空；并同时向下一班司机交代上料情况和生产程序。
3.5 值班车辆的活动范围为水泥事业部生产线，加油、修理或别的事情要离
开作业现场，必须向值班主任、班长请假。
3.6每班值班车辆要为下一班司机加好燃油，保证生产正常运行。
3.7车辆在修理期间，司机必须一人在场负责配件的领用，并监督车辆的维修质量。
四、装载机安全作业操作规程
4.1所有本部门岗位工必须经过岗前三级（质技部、水泥事业部、工段）安
全、消防培训并经考试合格后方可上岗；
4.2装载机驾驶员必须经过专业操作培训，熟悉装载机的结构、性能及工作原
理，经考试合格后，持证方可操作装载机。
4.3车辆在厂区内行走时，最高时速不得超过每小时10公里；不得超速行驶
欺行霸道；对其它车辆要互相避让安全通过。
4.4车辆在运行时，除装载机驾驶室内动臂与前车架之间，铲斗、机盖及其它
任何部位一律不准乘坐人。
4.5严禁酒后上岗，或将车辆交于非驾驶员驾驶。
4.6车辆在作业现场必须要注意该现场其它工作人员的安全，设备的安全，前
进后退时一定要环顾四周有无车辆行人通过；并和所装卸车辆保持一定的安全距离。
4.5司机在各岗位上一定要和放料工配合好，上料时要鸣喇叭并下车查看篦子
上是否有人，确认无人方可上料。
4.6所有司机必须时刻注意安全意识，在执行各种工作任务时，该任务存在有
不安全因素的司机有权拒绝不干并向上级反映。
4.7车辆使用时，司机必须认真检查各油位和冷却水及各机械连接部件的情
况；经常检查并紧固各种螺丝螺母；防止车辆的早期磨损和损坏；把事故处理在萌芽状态。
4.8装载机行驶时，铲斗应保持在运输位置，即斗底与地面相距约400mm。应
避免急加速、急转弯、急刹车和锯齿形行车等，以保证装载机能稳定行驶。
4.9装载机在下坡时，严禁关闭发动机脱档滑行。否则，将会导致液压转向失
灵，造成重大行车事故。
4.10装载机在进行装卸物料时，严禁在物料偏向一侧或铲斗举至最高位置时
运输物料，以确保稳定，保证装载机安全行驶。
4.11装载机取货前，车体前后应成直线，对正并靠近货堆，同时将铲斗平行
接触地面，然后进行取货。
4.12取货时要根据物料的阻力，选用适当的档位和速度，铲斗插入货堆后，
提升动臂，同时把铲斗向后收，车体继续前进。
4.13装载机作业时应遵守以下“六不准”：
①不准用高速档取货；
②不准边转向边取货；
③不准升高铲斗行驶；
④不准在斜坡路面上横向行驶；
⑤不准铲斗偏重行驶；
⑤不准在升起的铲斗下面站人或进行检修。
五、装载机使用中的注意事项
6.1 进行出车前的检查工作，确认各部位正常后，检查各操纵手柄是否置于
中间，若停机放置的时间较长，应先用手油泵向燃油系统中注燃油，并旋松喷油泵上的放气螺钉，以排空燃油系统中的气体。起动时，打开钥匙开关，接通总电源，按下起动钥匙旋转即可起动。若首次起动失败，须等待2～5钟后再作第二次起动，如三次不能起动时，应停止起动，找出原
因，排除故障后再行起动。每次起动时间不得超过12秒。
6.2发动机起动后，应在600～750r/min的转速下进行暖机，并密切注意各仪表的读数，特别是柴油机机油压力表的读数，其数值应大于0.05MPa。当气压表的读数大于0.44 MPa后，方可出车。
6.3发动机起动后，检查装载机各部位是否正常，将动臂提升至运输位置；松开手制动，踩下制动踏板，轻轻操纵变速操纵杆，将操纵杆挂在选定的档位；松开脚制动踏板，缓慢踩下油门踏板，使装载机逐渐加速。待水温达到75℃后，才能全负荷作业。
6.4装载机在同方向行驶时换挡不必停车，也不必踩制动踏板；但若改变行
驶方向，则一定要在停车后换挡。
6.5装载机在坡道上行驶或作业时，选择阀应置于不切断位置（适用于有选择阀的装载机），因制动时变速箱仍有动力输出，一旦制动解除能迅速起步，以保证装载机运行平稳；否则，若选择阀置于切断位置，踩下制动踏板，变速箱的油路被切断，从而使变速箱无动力输出，装载机停车后再次起步就会出现溜坡和不稳定的现象。
6.6在操纵转斗油缸操纵杆时，当转斗置于合适位置，松开操纵手柄，操纵杆可自动回位；但当操纵动臂油缸操纵杆时，当动臂举升（或下降）到所需位置后，应将操纵杆置于中间，因动臂操纵杆没有自动回位的功能。6.7装载机在作业过程中，发动机的水温不得超过95℃，变矩器的油温不得超过115℃。若由于长时间重载作业，油、水温超过允许值时应停车冷却。