专八改错真题及答案
(完整)专八改错题及答案
2012年3月专八真题：改错部分The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally orfreely．The argument has been going since at least the first （1） ______century B。
C．Up to the beginning of the 19th century， many writers favouredcertain kind of “free" translation： the spirit, not the letter; the （2） _______sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3） _______the manner．This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______wanted the truth to be read and understood．Then in the turn of the 19th (5） ____ century， when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language （6) _______was entirely the product of culture， the view translation was impossible （7） _____gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as （8) __literal as possible．This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vlad imir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the natureof the readership， the type of the text, was not discussed．Too often，writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each other．Now， the context has changed， and the basic problem remains．（10） _____参考答案：1．going后加on2．certain改为a certain3．rather改为not4．is 改为was5．in 改为 at6．去掉第二个the7．view后面加that8．去掉 was9．culminated后面加in10．and 改为but2011年3月专八真题：改错部分From a very early age， perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew I should be a writer。
英语专业八级改错(终稿版)
英语专业八级改错（1）It is difficult to think of a nation as an abstract collection of people living on a patch of territory. It is easier to think of as a person. This is why we sometimes call Great Britain __1__ "Britannia" and the United States "Columbia", and think of it as stately women. We also use masculine symbols in our __2__ personification of nations. In 1712 John Arbuthont, a Scot,wrote a political satire in that the characters were supposed __3__ to be typical members of different nationalities. The Englishman was John Bull. This name, which was sufficient flattering to be __4__ adopted generally, combined the most common English first name with a last name indicated strength. John Bull is usually __5__ pictured as a partly businessman with a Union Jack on his hatband.After the American War of Independence began in 1783, the United __6__States was knownfor "Brother Jonathan". Jonathan was a biblical __7__ name associated with simple people from rural areas, and it seemed fitting since the United States is rural and unsophiscated, and since __8__American considered their type of simplicity a virtue compared to __9__ the wickedness of European cities. It is possible, however, that the name was originated with President George Washington,who would __10__often say, when faced with a hard problem, "Let us consult Brother Jonathan", referring to his secrectary, Johnathan Trumbull.英语专业八级（1）答案和解析:1. of和as之间加上it.代替前文的a nation2. it—both.指代上文的US和Great Britain3. that—which4.sufficient—sufficiently.修饰形容词用副词5. indicated—indicating来源：考试大6. began—ended.根据历史知识，美国独立战争开始于1776年7月4日(《独立宣言》发表)，直到1783年英国正式承认美国独立才结束。
专八改错习题及答案解析
英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(一)About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries couldbe avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1____ pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking ____2____University.The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternalDeaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3____within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4____families to moderate size.This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternaldeaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5____the United Nation’s Children’s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Controlrespectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high ____6____risk categories.The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ____7____maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of ____8_____pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the ____9____mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than ____10____two years apart.参考答案及解析:1 将had used 改为used。
英语专业八级改错真题(1999-2012)完整含答案版本解析
99年改错Part Ⅱ Proofreading and Error Correction (15 min)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/’ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never／buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitThe hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric 1.______ human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing 2._____with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modem hunter-gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that onehalf emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate on fishingand only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirdsand more of the hunter-gatherer’s calories come from plants. Detailed 3.______ studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the University ofLondon, showed that gathering is a more productive source of foodthan is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 4.______ edible calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. 5.______ Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung 6._______ diet, and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, ifthey escape fatal infections or accidents, these contemporaryaborigines live to old ages despite of the absence of medical care. 7._______ They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little dentaldecay, no high blood pressure, on heart disease, and their bloodcholesterol levels are very low( about half of the average American 8._______ adult), if no one is suggesting what we return to an aboriginal life 9.________ style, we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for 10.________ healthier diet.2000改错The grammatical words which play so large a part in Englishgrammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different 1._______ from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which mayseem the most obvious is that grammatical words have“ lessmeaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them 2._______“empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary. 3.________ But this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction. 4._________ Although a word like the is not the name of something as man is,it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp 5._________ difference in meaning between “man is vile and” “the man isvile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. 6.________ Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably amongthemselves as the amount of meaning they have, even in the 7.________ lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been“little words”. But size is by no mean a good criterion for 8._________ distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when weconsider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart 9.________ from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what somepeople say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity 10.________ when we omit them. This is illustrated not only in the poetry ofRobert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines.2001改错During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as thevery lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watchedthe yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if 1._______ they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing 2._______ favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketingthe western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grainselling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3._______ not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often thatthey sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts 4.________ were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. 5._______ On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6._______ but the government had no wish to become involving, at 7.______ least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to runwild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8.______ government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal withdeliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchangetrading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by theboard. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government appointed 9.______ the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to 10.______ buy, sell, and set prices.2002改错There are great impediments to the general use of a standardin pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography).One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt “naturally”and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt 1__________ deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact,remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech 2.__________ sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a shock 3.__________ when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we 4._________ recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is somethingwhich we almost always know. We begin the natural learning 5.__________ of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write,and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and 6.__________ practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many morehours per every day than we ever have to spend learning even our 7.___________ difficult English spelling. This is “natural”, therefore, that our 8.__________ speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle; after all,as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding a community 9.__________ and giving a sense of 'belonging'. We learn quite early torecognize a “stranger”, someone who speaks with anaccent of a different community-perhaps only a few miles far. 10.__________2003改错Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwarperiod were more eager than ever to establish families. They quicklybrought down the age at marriage for both men and women and broughtthe birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred (1)______ years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.” These young(2)_______ adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively largefamilies that Went for more than two decades and caused a major (3)_______ but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. Fromthe 1940S through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate (4)________ and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts. (5)________ Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women on who (6)________ formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the (7)________ divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact toa greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well (8)________ as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious (9)_________ distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, thetemporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in (10)_________ Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner andhomemaker was not abandoned.2004改错One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congressis the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to committees - either standing committees, special committees set for a specific (1)________ purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. (2)________ Investigations are held to gather information on the need forfuture legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members andofficials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the (3)________ groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committeesrely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings (4)_________ and to make out detailed studies of issues. (5)_________ There are important corollaries to the investigative power. Oneis the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most (6)_________ committee hearings are open to public and are reported (7)__________ widely in the mass media. Congressional investigationsnevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers (8)__________ to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues.(9)________ Congressional committees also have the power to compeltestimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony. (10)_________2005改错The University as BusinessA number of colleges and universities have announced steeptuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed becauseof a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common 1 stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizesits net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 2 outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 3 business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 4 increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of beingin the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 5 graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one's job prospects, 6 the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable.The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 7 include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving studentsa governance role, and eliminate required courses. 8 Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 9 rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlierfrom professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purelyof need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best 10 customer.We use language primarily as a means of communication withother human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as 1_______ to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2______ message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a3_______ set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his4______ thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English 5_______ speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses activelyand that which he recognizes, increases in size as he growsold as a result of education and experience. 6______ But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the systemremains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7_______ member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice’ two m ost8_______ common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by ourvocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are 9___ ___ among most striking of human achievements. 10_______From what has been said, it must be clear that no one canmake very positive statements about how language originated.There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language 3 ___ originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4 necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remotetribes, no ancient records, providing evidence ofa language with a large proportion of such cries 5than we find in English. It is true that the absenceof such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in 6other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.People of all races and languages make rather similarnoises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that7such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmenand Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference8__________ between these noises and language proper. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusementare largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, 9whereas language proper does not consist of signsbut of these that have to be learnt and that are10__________ wholly conventional.2008年改错The desire to use language as a sign of national identityis a very natural one，and in result language has played a 1__________ prominent part in national moves．Men have often felt the need 2__________ to cultivate a given language to show that they are distinctive 3____________ from another race．whose hegemony they resent．At the time the 4.___________ United States split off from Britain，for example，therewere proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by 5._________ the use of a different language from those of Britain． 6.__________ There was even one proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew．Others favoured the adoption of Greek，though，as one man put it，things would certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to 7.___________ English and made the British learn Greek．At the end，as everyone 8.___________ knows，the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactorysolution of carrying with the same language as before．Sincenearly two hundred years now，they have shown the 9.____________ world that political independence and national identity can be 10.___________ complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language．2009年改错The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passesfrom one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)__ ___ between shcool lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learntin early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener (2)__ ___ has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. (3)___ __ The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmittingIt may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground (4)__ ___ lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on whtin the very hour (5)__ ___ it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the (6)___ __ same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in agebetween playmates to be more than five years. If therefore, a playgroundrhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7)___ __ even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitting overand over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8)__ ___ hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live (9)___ __ after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)__ __ original wording.2012PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) The passage contains TEN errors．Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error．In each case, only ONE word is involved．You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "L" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen A art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall．When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it．(3) exhibitProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely．The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______ century B.C．Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writersfavoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not t he letter; the (2) _______ sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______ the manner．This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______ wanted the truth to be read and understood．Then in the turn of 19th (5) _______ century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______ was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _______ gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _____ literal as possible．This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______ extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, thenature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed．Toooften, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified witheach other．Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains．(10)_____答案部分改错部分:1999年1. 答案：as → like2. 答案：supplementing → supplemented3. 答案：and → or4. 答案：in → on5. 答案：as → while / whereas6. 答案：删去for，或改成about7. 答案：删去第一个of8. 答案：half ∧→ that9. 答案：if → While / Although / Though10. 答案：for ∧→ aPart Ⅱ Proofreading and Error Correction1.答案：as→like【详细解答】as our prehistoric human ancestors意为“作为人类史前的祖先那样”，但是根据上下文，此处应表达的意思是“像人类史前的祖先那样”，故应该将as改为介词like。
英语专八改错部分真题及答案
英语专八改错部分真题及答案英语专八改错部分真题及答案So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be as well equipped as any other to say the things its speakers want to say. It may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. But this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled ’primitive’) is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not bring to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected ’primitiveness’. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in different environments. The English language would be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction important. Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed part of the Eskimos’ life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many ofus could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury,a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?1 be后插入 as;2 their改为its;3 There改为It;4 Whereas改为But;5 further 改为much6 come改为bring;7 similar改为different;8 will改为would;9 as important去掉as;10 the part去掉the。
英语专业八级改错翻译真题(含答案)大全
EXERCISE ONE2006年一．Proof reading.We use language primarily as a means of communication withother human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as 1_______ to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2______ message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a3_______ set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his4______ thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English 5_______ speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses activelyand that which he recognizes, increases in size as he growsold as a result of education and experience. 6______ But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the systemremains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7_______ member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice’ two m ost8_______ common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by ourvocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are 9______ among most striking of human achievements. 10_______二．English to Chinese.I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal ofthe most grievous kind. We have before us many，many months of struggle and suffering. You ask，what is our aim？I can answer in one word，it is victory. Victory at all costsvictory in spiteof all terrors——victory，however long and hard the road may be，for without victory there is no survival. Let that be realized，no survival for the British Empire，no survival for all that British Empire has stood for ，no survival for the urge，the impulse of the ages，that mankind shall more forward toward his goal.I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel entitled at this juncture，at this time，to claim the aid of all and to say，“Come then，let us go forward together with our unitedstrength.”三．Chinese to English.中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占有比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。
专八改错练习1-20参考答案及解析
参考答案及解析1:1.redistributing改为redistribute。
attempt to 后面一般接动词原型，而不接动名词，因为这里的to是不定式符号，而不是介词，即attempt to do sth.。
2.you 改为others。
此句是说，如果一部分相对比较穷，那么一部分人就会相对比较富。
将人群分为两部分，此处就不能用you，others才可以表示人群的一部分。
3.在interests和than中间加上rather。
此句不是表示比较（than），而是表示转折（公众政策反映他们的利益，而不是穷人的利益），所以应该用rather than （而不是）代替than。
4.doing改为done。
此句是被动语态，表示―脏活被完成‖，get 是系动词，所以应用do的过去分词形式done。
5.will改为would。
此句使用了虚拟语气，表示对现在情况的假设，所以主句应用would。
6.cookers改为cooks。
厨师是cook，而不cooker。
cooker指炊具，与后面的―gardener（园丁）and other workers‖不一致，所以应改为厨师（cook）。
7.when改为while。
此处不是表示时间上的同时性，而是表示两种情形的对比，―一些人在做……，而另一些人在做……‖。
表示对比的连词一般用while。
8.去掉more。
inferior本身就表示―低级的‖，已经构成了比较形式，所以前面一般不能再加more。
petent 改为incompetent。
此句讲的是穷人所能享受的服务，过期的面包、报废的汽车，还有不合格的医生和律师所提供的建议。
如果是competent，则成了合格的医生和律师所提供的建议，那么与整句意思不符。
10.去掉in。
此句中的which引导非限定性定语从句，作influence和change的直接宾语，因为influence和change均为及物动词，所以不能加in。
专八_改错_练习15篇 带答案解析
Error-correction Exercise 16NASA is about to launch a large satellite that will monitorthe health of Earth's atmosphere in unprecedented detail, and 1____________ keeping daily track of everything from the upper ozone layer,that guards against solar radiation, to the air near the 2____________ ground that people breathe. The $785 million missionis to be launched Saturday from Vandenberg Air Force Basein California. A Boeing Delta II rocket will send the 6,542-poundspacecraft into a 438-mile-high polar orbit. That is to scan the 3____________ atmosphere for at least six years.The craft, naming Aura, is the third and final addition to a series 4____________ of major satellites making up NASA's Earth Observing System,an initial set of spacecraft that designed to study all of the processes 5____________ that affect the Earth's climate and weather. Terra, which monitorsland-based processes, was launched in 1999; Aqua, which observesthe oceans and water cycle of Earth, sent up in 2002. These flagship 6____________ spacecrafts, joined by more than a dozen of other satellites launched by 7____________ the United States and several other nations, allow long-term studiesof the factors that influence climate change, using many differentinstruments. The launching is fundamentally a mission to understandand protect the very air we breathe. In conjunction with the 8____________ climate observatories, Aura should make a major contribution todetermine the causes, extent and consequences of global change. 9____________ The spacecraft carries four instruments that will survey theatmosphere from top to bottom, including monitoring ozonein its good and bad forms. In the upper atmosphere, ozone in thestratosphere provides a protective barrier for harmful ultraviolet 10___________ radiation from the Sun. In the troposphere, the atmospheric layerthat goes from the ground up to about six miles, ozone producedby combustion is a major pollutant in smog.Error-correction Exercise 17Mars has provoked much speculation on the possibilities 1___________ of life on Earth than any other planet in the Solar System. 2___________ The presence of water is a prerequisite forexisting of life. Therefore, “follow the water” has 3___________ been NASA’s chief guideline for the exploration of 4___________ a red planet. Although Mars experiences seasons likeon Earth an has polar caps which composed of 5___________ carbon dioxide and water ice, today it is bone-dry andfrigidly cold. But evidence is rapidly accumulating thatMars is once much wetter, with a more clement climate. 6___________This evidence comes from orbiting satellites and fromdata collected by roving landers.Since the 1970’s, space probes of Mars have revealed 7___________ numerous features apparent carved by flowing water, 8___________ such as winding, branched valleys resemblingdriedout streambeds and giant outflow channels gougedby catastrophic floods. Recent high-resolution imageryfrom the Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Orbiter Cameraand the Mars Odyssey Themis reveal numerous examples 9___________ of branched valleys that form tightly-packed integrateddrainage system. There channels origins at topographichigh points; the valleys widen “downstream”, someeven displaying inner valleys. The valley networksexhibit morph metric characteristics, including networksdensities, comparative to those of terrestrial drainage basins. 10__________ These features were most likely produced by rainfall, duringwetter, warmer periods in the past.Error-correction Exercise 18The word petroleum has its root in the Latin word oleum, 1___________ which means oil, and the Greek word petra, which means rock..The word petrified shares with the same Greek root. As the 2___________ price of oleum has soared up, the links between fear and petroleum 3___________ have become clear to economists as well as etymologists.Fears of heating-oil shortage this winter helped to push thebenchmark price of crude over $55 per barrel, a new record, onMonday October 18th. The spike in oil prices, up by over60% since the start of the year, is by turn, raising fears for the 4___________ global recovery. Even oil exporters are worried. The high pricesthey currently enjoy will slow economic growth next year,warned the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC) on Monday. If oil remains expensive, cartel 5___________ Pointed out, people will by less of it. The last week, for the 6___________ first time since June, American motorists paid more than $2average for a gallon of petrol. To fill their tank these days,they must shell out almost 30% more than last year. Therefore 7___________ the anxiety is not confined to the petrol pump. About 7.7mAmerican households, most of whom in the north-east, rely 8___________ on oil to warm their homes. In a cold snap, they draw onstockpiles of heating oil, amassed at various points around thecountry.Inflation remains at bay, for the moment, most workers 9___________ expect it to stay that way. There is a little sign yet that higher 10___________oil prices are feeding into higher wage demands. It would thusbe too much to say that central bankers are petrified by petroleum.But as the price of oil sets new records, their rock-like confidenceis beginning to crumble.Error-correction Exercise 19When an invention is made, the inventor has threepossible courses of action open for him: he can give the 1___________ invention to the world by publishing it, keep the ideasecrete, or paten it.A granted paten is the result of a bargain betweenan inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets alimited period of monopoly and publishes full detailsof his invention to the public after that period terminates.Only in the most exceptional circumstances are the life-span 2___________ of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events.The longest extension never granted was to Georges Vlensi; 3___________ his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extendeduntil 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life therewas no colorful TV to receive and thus no hope of reward to 4___________ the invention.Because a patent remains permanently public afterit has terminated, the shelves of the library attaching to the 5___________ patent office contain details of literally millions of ideasthat are free for anyone advise to use and, if older thanhalf a century, sometimes even patent,. Indeed, patent 6___________ experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the highcost of conducting a search through live patent that theone sure of avoiding violation of any other inventor’sright is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likely, because 7___________ publication of an idea in any other form permanentlyinvalidates further patent on that idea, it is traditionally 8___________ safe to take ideas from other areas of print. Much moderntechnological advance is based on these presumptions oflegal security.Anyone closely involved in patents and inventionssoon learn that most “new” ideas are, in fact, as old as thehills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, neither 9___________ through necessity or dedication, or through the availabilityof new technology, which makes news and money. 10___________ Error-correction Exercise 20How can an organization’s sales operation beimproved? One of the key to becoming more effective 1___________ is to first determine the type of “selling process” whichneeds to be used. With other words, the role the salesperson 2___________ must play has to be identified. There are three differentprocesses sales staff can adapt: narrative, suggestive and 3___________ consultative.The narrative approach depends on the salespersonmove quickly into a standardized presentation. Every buyer 4___________ receives the same presentation. Emphasis is to highlighting 5___________ benefits and how the product or services can help the buyer.This is an effective approach if the buying motive for allcustomers is basically the same. This process is well suitedwhich there are a great number of prospects to be called on. 6__________ The suggestive approach depends on the sellerbeing in a position to offer alternated recommendations. 7__________ This is quite different from the narrative approach as thepresentation is tailored to the individual customer. Here,the salesperson must initiate some discussion in order toget the buyer in a negative frame of mind. 8__________ The consultative approach requires the salespersonto have a thorough understanding of the customer and whatthe customer is trying to achieve. The role of the salespersonis to become an adviser or consultant and she/he must acquire agreat deal of informations from the customer. With this information 9__________ the salesperson can plan what to offer the customer.Hiring, training, motivating and rewarding salespersonneed to be linked the type of sales process being used and 10__________ that where the problem starts. A key issue in developing aprofessional sales organization is in first establishing thesales process. When the decision has been made, all othersales decisions, including hiring, training and rewards canbe linked to it.Error-correction Exercise 21Ethnography is the study of a particular humansociety or the process of making such a study.Contemporary ethnography is based almost entirelyon fieldwork and requires the complete immersionof the anthropologist on the culture and everyday life 1___________ of the people who are the subject of this study. Ethnography,by virtue with its intersubjective nature, is necessarily 2___________ comparative. Giving that the anthropologist in the field 3___________necessarily retains certain cultural biases, his/herobservation and description must, to certain degree, 4___________ be comparative. Thus the formulating of generalizationabout culture and the drawing of comparisons inevitablybecomes components of ethnography. 5___________ Modern anthropologists usually identify theestablishment of ethnography as a professional field and 6___________ the pioneering work of the Polish-born British anthropologistBronislaw Malinowski in the Trobriand Islangs of Melanesia.Ethnographic field word has since become a sort of rite ofpassage into the profession of cultural anthropology. Manyethnographers reside above the field for a year or more, learning 7___________ the local language or dialect and, to the greatest extentpossible, participating in everyday life while at the sametime maintain an observer’s objective detachment. 8___________ Contemporary ethnographies usually adhere to acommunity, rather than individual, focus and concentrateon the description of current circumstance ratherthan historical event. Traditionally, commonalities amongmembers of the group have been emphasized, because recent 9___________ ethnography has begun to reflect an interest in theimportance of variation within cultural systems. Ethnographicstudies are no longer restricted to small primitive societies butmay also focus on such social units as urban ghettos. The toolof the ethnographer have changed ra dically since Malinowaski’stime, while detailed notes are still a mainstay of field word,ethnographers have taken full advantage over technological 10___________ development such as motion pictures and tape recorders toargument their written accounts.Error-correction Exercise 22Unlike those other notoriously missing items - the weapons ofmass destruction - television's missing young men appear tohave found, back in front of their TV sets. 1___________ The case of the missing young men began roiling the televisionindustry a year ago. Droves of men from ages 18 to 34, one ofthe groups most coveted by advertisers, had seemly stopped 2___________ watching television, according to the sole ratings arbiter, NielsenMedia Research. Commentary abounded that a significant culturalshift had taken place and that a generation of men were steadily 3____________ quitting television-viewing, forsook both network and cable 4____________ programs in favor of video games, DVD's and the Internet.Nielsen stands by its ratings, therefore in a development that several 5___________Nielsen critics call utterly it predictable, the most recent evidence indicates 6___________ that the young men are back, watching television in pretty much thesame numbers they were two years before. 7___________ In July, one year after the falloff was detected, an average of 25.8percent of men from ages 18 to 34 were watching television at anygiving moment in prime time. That figure was up from the 24.7 8___________ percent that Nielsen reported a year ago - and virtually the same as the25.9 percent that it reported for the group in July 2002."It kind of went right back to what God intended it to be," the president 9___________ for research for NBC, Alan Wurtzel, said. Mr. Wurtzel's facetiousness wasmatched by a real sense of vindication. He was among the most vocalof the critics who took on Nielsen last year, saying its numbers - whichin September showed a drop in viewing by young men of more than10 percent - could possibly be accurate because they were so inconsistent 10__________ with viewing patterns established over years of measurement.Error-correction Exercise 23The stunningly slow pace of job creation, which sank to growthof just 32,000 in July, has provided new ammunition in an intense politicaldebate in job quality. For months, Democrats have said that the 1___________ long-delay employment recovery was concentrated in low-wage jobs 2___________ that paid far less than those that lost. White House officials replied 3___________ that the available data failed to settle the matter one way or the other.The data is still inconclusive. But the weakness in job creation andthe apparent weakness in high-paying jobs may be opposite sides ofa coin. Companies still seem cautiously, relying on temporary workers 4___________ and anxious about rising health care costs associating with full-time workers. 5___________ Many economists say that over the long term, the most vulnerable positionsare those at the low end of the wage scale that requires fewer skills and are 6___________ easily replicated. Even now, at a time when a proportionate number of 7___________ new jobs appear to be lower-paying ones, there has been growth in somehigh-income occupations like accounting, architecture and software.Yet the earnings gap between the highest-paid employees and the rest ofthe work force is still widening, as it was over most of the last 30 years. 8___________ The trend is most striking in factories, which accounted for the bulk of joblosses in the last three years and tending to pay above-average wages. 9___________ In contrast with previous recoveries, when companies rehired a large 10___________ proportion of laid-off workers, manufacturers have added only 91,000jobs this year, having eliminated more than two million jobs in the previousthree years.Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the generalpublic and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’snatural relations, loosed their responsibilities to 1_____________ kins and neighbors, and substituted in their place 2_____________ for superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. 3_____________ However, in recent years a growing body of research has re-vealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a cityresident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighborsthan you if you are a resident of a smaller community. 4_____________ But, for the most part, this fact has a few significant 5_____________ consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you knowfew of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social tieswithin small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality ofmeaningful relationship do not differ between more and less urban 6____________ people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than do 7____________ big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friend-ships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanismmay produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does notdiffer between town and city. Or are residents of large communities 8___________ any likely to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation 9___________ than are residents of smaller communities. However, citydwellers do worry more about crime, and thisleads them to a distrust for strangers. 10___________Error-correction Exercise 25The violence within a society is controlled through institutionsof law. The most developed a legal system becomes, the more 1____________ societies takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punish- 2____________ ment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means todealing with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may 3____________ have the responsibility for personal carrying out judgment and 4____________ punishment upon the person who did the offense. 5____________ But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomespersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for 6___________ protecting individuals form violence. In cases where he cannot be 7___________ protected, the society is responsible for committing punishment. 8___________ In a state controlling legal system, individuals are removed 9___________ from the circle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the 10___________ state assumes responsibility for their protection.Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimatelyhave political and economical causes: it is not due simply to the bad 1____________ influence of this or that individual writers. But an effect can become 2____________ a cause, reinforce the original cause and producing the same effect 3____________ in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take drink 4____________ because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the most 5____________ completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that ishappening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccuratebecause our thoughts are foolish, but the sloven of our language makes 6____________ it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the processis irreversible. Modern English, especially written English, is full of 7____________ bad habits which spread by imitation and which can be avoided if oneis willing to take the necessary trouble. If one gets ride of these habitsone can think more clearly, and think clearly is a necessary first 8____________ step toward political regeneration: so that the fight against badEnglish is not frivolous and is not the exclusive concerning of pro- 9____________ fessional writers. I will come back to this present, and I hope that by 10____________ that time the meaning of what I have said here will have becomeclearer.Error-correction Exercise 27This brings us to a seeming paradox. Acutely aware of the smallestconstitution particles of time, industrialized man has to a great 1____________ extent lose the old awareness of time in its larger divisions. The 2____________ time which we have knowledge is artificial, machine-made time. 3____________ Natural, cosmic time, as is measured out by the sun and the moon, 4____________ we are for the most part almost wholly unconscious. Pre-industrialpeople know time in its daily, monthly and seasonal rhythms. Theyare aware of sunrise and of spring and summer, autumn and winter.All the old religions, including Catholic Christianity, has insisted on 5____________ this daily and seasonal rhythm. Pre-industrial man was never allowedto forget the majestic movement of cosmic time.Industrialism and urbanism have changed all this. One can liveand work in a town without aware of the daily march of the sun 6____________ across the sky. Broadway and Piccadilly are our Milky Way；ourconstellations are outlined in neon tubes. Even changes of seasonaffect the townsman very a little. He is the inhabitant of an artificial 7____________ universe that, to a great extent, walled off from the world of nature. 8____________ Outside the walls, time is cosmic and moves with the motion ofthe sun and stars. Within, it is an affair of revolving wheals and ismeasured by seconds and minutes----at its longest, in eight-hour days 9____________and six-day weeks. We have a new conscience, but it has been pur- 10____________ chased at the expense of the old.Error-correction Exercise 28Culture in general is concerned about beliefs and values on the 1___________ basis of which people interpret experiences and behave, individuallyand in groups. Broadly an d simply putting, “culture” refers to a 2___________ group or community with that you share common experiences that 3___________ shape the way how you understand the world. Culture is the “lens” 4___________ through which you view the world. It is central to what you see,how you make sense of what you see, and how you express your-self. Culture is often at the root of communication challenges. Explo-ring historical experiences and the ways in which various culturalgroups have related to each other is key to open channels for cross- 5___________ cultural communication. Becoming more beware of cultural differ- 6___________ ences, as well as exploring cultural similarities, can help you com-municate with the others more effectively. Next time you find your- 7___________ self a confusing situation, ask yourself how culture may be shap- 8___________ ing your own reactions, and try to see the world from the other’spoint of view. Anthropologists discovered that, when faced by inter-action that we do not understand, people tend to interpret the othersinvolved as “abnormal”, “weird” or “wrong”. Awareness of culturaldifferences and recognizing where cultural differences are in 9___________ work is the first step toward understanding each other and establish 10___________ a positive working environment. Use these differences to challengeyour own assumptions about the “right” way of doing things and as achance to learn new ways to solve problems.Error-correction Exercise 29In May, dozens of factory workers and landscapers lined up outside athree-story concrete building here on Drift Street, snaking aroundthe block to register their children for classes at a preschool that run by 1___________ the Puerto Rican Action Board, a private nonprofitable group. 2___________ On Monday, many of them will gather together at the State House in Trenton 3___________ to try to keep their beloved school from closing. They plan to protestthat they claim is a form of institutional bias. The New Jersey Department 4___________ of Education, they argue, wants to eliminate the community-based,most nonprofit private preschool programs like the one that the 5___________ Puerto Rican Action Board runs.The group, which started offering preschool in 1973, maintains thatthe state is refusing to cover raising costs in violation of a 1998 6___________ state Supreme Court ruling mandating that 30 poor districts will receive 7___________everything they need to create "well-planned, high-quality" preschools.Without the money, it says, it will have to close its three preschools here.The Department of Education says the Puerto Rican Action Boardreceives plenty of money - about $9,700 for each of its 225 children,close to $1,000 on average than the state's public preschools, and 8___________ more than twice what public preschools receive in New York.At the heart of the battle, however, it lies a much larger debate about 9___________ the role of private nonprofit agencies in a public system. The Puerto RicanAction Board and other social service agencies have been offering preschoolfor decades, and the court decision explicitly states that any schoolunable to meet the court's education standard "should be supplied with 10__________ the necessary funding to be able to do so."Error-correction Exercise 30For many materials the process of turning them back into usefulraw materials are straightforward: metals are shredded into pieces, 1____________ paper is reduced to pulp and glass is crushed into cullet. Metalsand glass can be remelted almost indefinitely without any lossof quality, while paper can be recycled up to six times. 2____________ Plastics, which are made of fossil fuels, are somewhat different. 3____________ Because they have many useful properties—they are flexible, 4____________ lightweight and can be shaped into any form—there are manydifferent types, most of them need to be processed separately. 5____________ In 2005 less than 6% of the plastic from America's municipalwaste stream was recovered. And of that small fraction, the onlytwo types recycling in significant quantities were PET and HDPE. 6____________ For PET, food-grade bottle-to-bottle recycling exists. But plasticis often “down-cycled” into other products such as plastic lumber,drain pipes and carpet fibres, which tend to end up in landfills and 7___________ incinerators at the end of their useful lives.And so, plastics are being used more and more, not just for packaging, 8___________ but also in consumer goods such as cars, televisions and personalcomputers. Because such products are made of a variety of materialsand can contain multiple types of plastic, metals and glass, they areespecially difficult and expensive to dismantle and recycle.Europe and Japan have initiated “take back” laws that requireelectronics manufacturers recycle their products. But in America 9___________ only a handful of states have passed such legislation. That has causedproblems for companies that specialise in recycling plastics fromcomplex waste streams and dependent on take-back laws for getting 10___________ the necessary feedstock.Key to Error-correction Ex. 161．答案：去掉and，语法辨析题。
专八改错习题及答案解析精编版
英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(一)About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries couldbe avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1____ pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking ____2____University.The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternalDeaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3____within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4____families to moderate size.This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternaldeaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5____the United Nation’s Children’s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Controlrespectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high ____6____risk categories.The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ____7____maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of ____8_____pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the ____9____mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than ____10____two years apart.参考答案及解析:1 将had used 改为used。
专八改错精选15篇及详细答案
TEXT 1About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries couldbe avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1____pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking ____2____University.The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternalDeaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3____within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4____families to moderate size.This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternaldeaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5____the United Nation’s Children’s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Controlrespectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high ____6____risk categories.The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ____7____maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of ____8_____pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the ____9____mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than ____10____two years apart.Key:1 将had used 改为used。
英语专业八级改错练习题及答案
英语专业八级改错练习题及答案英语专业八级改错练习题及答案「篇一」英语专业八级改错练习题Successful aging is a psychological feat. Fear for__1__death, for example, may sometimes oppress you。
even when this is successfully overcome, there is stillsomething for you to deal with-loneliness. Lonelinesscanspeed your demise no matter conscientiously __2__you care for your body. “We go through lifesurroundedby protective convoys of others,” says Robert Kahn, a psychologist of the Universityof Michiganwho studied the health effects of companio nship. “People __3__who manage to maintain a network of social support do best.” One study of elderlyheart-attack patientsfound that those with two or more close associations __4__enjoyed twice the one-year survival rate of those whowere completely alone。
Companionship aside, healthy oldsters seem toshare a knack for managing stress, poison that contributes __5__ measurably to heart disease, cancer and accidents。
专八改错自测(附答案)
When a human infant is born into any community in any part of theworld it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them __1__ have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. Firstly, and most __2__ obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerfulcapacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing __3__ the new born child can do to ensure his own survival. Without care from someother human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, achild is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked contrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet within __4__ minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although younganimals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, __5__ compared with the human infant, they very quickly develop the capacity tofend for them. __6__It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totallydependent on the others that it reveals the second feature which it shares with all __7__ other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason, biologists now suggest that language be “ species specific” to the human race, __8__ that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in __9__such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies that just __10__as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and justas they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so theyare designed to learn and use language as part of their normal development aswell-formed human beings.Exercise2“Home, sweet home” is a phrase that express an essentialattitude in the United States. Whether the reality of life in thefamily house is sweet or no sweet, the cherished ideal of home _____1_____has great importance for many people.This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream,dramatized in the history of nineteenth century European settlersof American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house _____2_____for one’s family, and started a farm. These small households were _____3_____ portraits of independence: the entire family- mother, father, children,even grandparents-live in a small house and working together to _____4_____support each other. Anyone understood the life-and-death importance _____5_____of family cooperation and hard work. Although most people in theUnited States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership _____6_____is just as strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth.When U.S soldiers came home before World WarⅡ, for example, _____7_____they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was _____8_____a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically inthe suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied _____9_____a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of their _____10_____ way of life.参考答案及解析:1 在any infant 中间加other在比较一物与他物,一人与他人的异同时,必须从比较对象中排除该物或该人.2 将have改为has该谓语动词的主语为neither,所以要使用单数形式.3 将pay改为draw/call/attract/elicit这里要表达的是“引起注意”.4 将on改为toget/ rise/ spring to one’s feet 作“起身,站起来”将.5 in risk 改为in danger 或者at risk6 将them 改为themselves根据上下文,我们可以看出,这里需要一个代词来作fend for 的宾语.7 删除定冠词the8 将be 改为is在这里suggest 作“认为,提出看法,暗示说”讲,不作“建议”讲, 因此,不可使用虚拟语气.9 讲genetic改为genetically这里副词genetically 修饰过去分词programmed.10 在such way 中间加入a名词way为可数名词单数,因此前面要使用不定冠词.参考答案及解析:1 将no改为not2 将place改为landplace是可数名词，作“地方”讲，而land意为“土地，田地”是不可数名词。
专八_改错_练习15篇带答案解析
专八_改错_练习15篇带答案解析Error-correction Exercise 16NASA is about to launch a large satellite that will monitorthe health of Earth's atmosphere in unprecedented detail, and 1____________ keeping daily track of everything from the upper ozone layer,that guards against solar radiation, to the air near the 2____________ ground that people breathe. The $785 million missionis to be launched Saturday from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. A Boeing Delta II rocket will send the 6,542-poundspacecraft into a 438-mile-high polar orbit. That is to scan the 3____________ atmosphere for at least six years.The craft, naming Aura, is the third and final addition to a series 4____________ of major satellites making up NASA's Earth Observing System,an initial set of spacecraft that designed to study all of the processes 5____________ that affect the Earth's climate and weather. Terra, which monitorsland-based processes, was launched in 1999; Aqua, which observesthe oceans and water cycle of Earth, sent up in 2002. These flagship 6____________ spacecrafts, joined by more than a dozen of other satellites launched by 7____________ the United States and several other nations, allow long-term studiesof the factors that influence climate change, using many differentinstruments. The launching is fundamentally a mission tounderstandand protect the very air we breathe. In conjunction with the 8____________ climate observatories, Aura should make a major contribution todetermine the causes, extent and consequences of global change. 9____________ The spacecraft carries four instruments that will survey theatmosphere from top to bottom, including monitoring ozone in its good and bad forms. In the upper atmosphere, ozone in thestratosphere provides a protective barrier for harmful ultraviolet 10___________ radiation from the Sun. In the troposphere, the atmospheric layerthat goes from the ground up to about six miles, ozone producedby combustion is a major pollutant in smog.Error-correction Exercise 17Mars has provoked much speculation on the possibilities 1___________ of life on Earth than any other planet in the Solar System. 2___________ The presence of water is a prerequisite for existing of life. Therefore, “follow the water” has 3___________ been NASA’s chief guideline for the exploration of 4___________ a red planet. Although Mars experiences seasons like on Earth an has polar caps which composed of 5___________ carbon dioxide and water ice, today it is bone-dry and frigidly cold. But evidence is rapidly accumulating thatMars is once much wetter, with a more clement climate. 6___________This evidence comes from orbiting satellites and fromdata collected by roving landers.Since the 1970’s, sp ace probes of Mars have revealed 7___________ numerous features apparent carved by flowing water, 8___________ such as winding, branched valleys resembling driedout streambeds and giant outflow channels gougedby catastrophic floods. Recent high-resolution imageryfrom the Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Orbiter Cameraand the Mars Odyssey Themis reveal numerous examples 9___________ of branched valleys that form tightly-packed integrateddrainage system. There channels origins at topographichigh points; the va lleys widen “downstream”, someeven displaying inner valleys. The valley networksexhibit morph metric characteristics, including networksdensities, comparative to those of terrestrial drainage basins. 10__________ These features were most likely produced by rainfall, duringwetter, warmer periods in the past.Error-correction Exercise 18The word petroleum has its root in the Latin word oleum, 1___________ which means oil, and the Greek word petra, which means rock..The word petrified shares with the same Greek root. As the 2___________ price of oleum has soared up, the links between fear and petroleum 3___________ have become clear to economists as well as etymologists.Fears of heating-oil shortage this winter helped to push the benchmark price of crude over $55 per barrel, a new record, onMonday October 18th. The spike in oil prices, up by over60% since the start of the year, is by turn, raising fears for the4___________ global recovery. Even oil exporters are worried. The high pricesthey currently enjoy will slow economic growth next year,warned the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC) on Monday. If oil remains expensive, cartel 5___________ Pointed out, people will by less of it. The last week, for the 6___________ first time since June, American motorists paid more than $2average for a gallon of petrol. To fill their tank these days,they must shell out almost 30% more than last year. Therefore 7___________ the anxiety is not confined to the petrol pump. About 7.7mAmerican households, most of whom in the north-east, rely 8___________ on oil to warm their homes. In a cold snap, they draw onstockpiles of heating oil, amassed at various points around thecountry.Inflation remains at bay, for the moment, most workers 9___________ expect it to stay that way. There is a little sign yet that higher 10___________oil prices are feeding into higher wage demands. It would thusbe too much to say that central bankers are petrified by petroleum.But as the price of oil sets new records, their rock-like confidenceis beginning to crumble.Error-correction Exercise 19When an invention is made, the inventor has threepossible courses of action open for him: he can give the 1___________ invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea secrete, or paten it.A granted paten is the result of a bargain betweenan inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets alimited period of monopoly and publishes full detailsof his invention to the public after that period terminates.Only in the most exceptional circumstances are the life-span 2___________ of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events.The longest extension never granted was to Georges Vlensi; 3___________ his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extendeduntil 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no colorful TV to receive and thus no hope of reward to 4___________ the invention.Because a patent remains permanently public afterit has terminated, the shelves of the library attaching to the 5___________ patent office contain details of literally millions of ideasthat are free for anyone advise to use and, if older thanhalf a century, sometimes even patent,. Indeed, patent 6___________ experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the highcost of conducting a search through live patent that theone sure of avoiding violation of any other inventor’sright is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likely, because 7___________ publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patent on that idea, it is traditionally8___________ safe to take ideas from other areas of print. Much moderntechnological advance is based on these presumptions oflegal security.Anyone closely involved in patents and inventionssoon learn that most “new” ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, neither 9___________ through necessity or dedication, or through the availabilityof new technology, which makes news and money. 10___________ Error-correction Exercise 20How can an organization’s sales operation beimproved? One of the key to becoming more effective 1___________ is to first determine the type of “selling process” whichneeds to be used. With other words, the role the salesperson 2___________ must play has to be identified. There are three differentprocesses sales staff can adapt: narrative, suggestive and 3___________ consultative.The narrative approach depends on the salespersonmove quickly into a standardized presentation. Every buyer 4___________ receives the same presentation. Emphasis is to highlighting 5___________ benefits and how the product or services can help the buyer.This is an effective approach if the buying motive for allcustomers is basically the same. This process is well suited which there are a great number of prospects to be called on. 6__________ The suggestive approach depends on the seller being in a position to offer alternated recommendations.7__________ This is quite different from the narrative approach as thepresentation is tailored to the individual customer. Here,the salesperson must initiate some discussion in order toget the buyer in a negative frame of mind. 8__________ The consultative approach requires the salespersonto have a thorough understanding of the customer and what the customer is trying to achieve. The role of the salesperson is to become an adviser or consultant and she/he must acquire agreat deal of informations from the customer. With this information 9__________ the salesperson can plan what to offer the customer.Hiring, training, motivating and rewarding salespersonneed to be linked the type of sales process being used and 10__________ that where the problem starts. A key issue in developing aprofessional sales organization is in first establishing thesales process. When the decision has been made, all other sales decisions, including hiring, training and rewards canbe linked to it.Error-correction Exercise 21Ethnography is the study of a particular humansociety or the process of making such a study.Contemporary ethnography is based almost entirelyon fieldwork and requires the complete immersionof the anthropologist on the culture and everyday life 1___________ of the people who are the subject of this study. Ethnography,by virtue with its intersubjective nature, is necessarily2___________ comparative. Giving that the anthropologist in the field 3___________necessarily retains certain cultural biases, his/herobservation and description must, to certain degree, 4___________ be comparative. Thus the formulating of generalizationabout culture and the drawing of comparisons inevitablybecomes components of ethnography. 5___________ Modern anthropologists usually identify theestablishment of ethnography as a professional field and 6___________ the pioneering work of the Polish-born British anthropologistBronislaw Malinowski in the Trobriand Islangs of Melanesia.Ethnographic field word has since become a sort of rite of passage into the profession of cultural anthropology. Many ethnographers reside above the field for a year or more, learning 7___________ the local language or dialect and, to the greatest extentpossible, participating in everyday life while at the sametime maintain an observer’s objective detachment. 8___________ Contemporary ethnographies usually adhere to a community, rather than individual, focus and concentrateon the description of current circumstance ratherthan historical event. Traditionally, commonalities amongmembers of the group have been emphasized, because recent 9___________ ethnography has begun to reflect an interest in theimportance of variation within cultural systems. Ethnographicstudies are no longer restricted to small primitive societiesbutmay also focus on such social units as urban ghettos. The toolof the ethnographer have changed ra dically since Malinowaski’stime, while detailed notes are still a mainstay of field word, ethnographers have taken full advantage over technological 10___________ development such as motion pictures and tape recorders toargument their written accounts.Error-correction Exercise 22Unlike those other notoriously missing items - the weapons ofmass destruction - television's missing young men appear to have found, back in front of their TV sets. 1___________ The case of the missing young men began roiling the television industry a year ago. Droves of men from ages 18 to 34, one ofthe groups most coveted by advertisers, had seemly stopped 2___________ watching television, according to the sole ratings arbiter, NielsenMedia Research. Commentary abounded that a significant culturalshift had taken place and that a generation of men were steadily 3____________ quitting television-viewing, forsook both network and cable 4____________ programs in favor of video games, DVD's and the Internet.Nielsen stands by its ratings, therefore in a development that several 5___________Nielsen critics call utterly it predictable, the most recentevidence indicates 6___________ that the young men are back, watching television in pretty much thesame numbers they were two years before. 7___________ In July, one year after the falloff was detected, an average of 25.8 percent of men from ages 18 to 34 were watching television at anygiving moment in prime time. That figure was up from the 24.7 8___________ percent that Nielsen reported a year ago - and virtually the same as the25.9 percent that it reported for the group in July 2002."It kind of went right back to what God intended it to be," the president 9___________ for research for NBC, Alan Wurtzel, said. Mr. Wurtzel's facetiousness wasmatched by a real sense of vindication. He was among the most vocalof the critics who took on Nielsen last year, saying its numbers - whichin September showed a drop in viewing by young men of more than10 percent - could possibly be accurate because they were so inconsistent 10__________ with viewing patterns established over years of measurement.Error-correction Exercise 23The stunningly slow pace of job creation, which sank to growthof just 32,000 in July, has provided new ammunition in an intense politicaldebate in job quality. For months, Democrats have said that the 1___________ long-delay employment recovery was concentrated in low-wage jobs 2___________ that paid far less thanthose that lost. White House officials replied 3___________ that the available data failed to settle the matter one way or the other.The data is still inconclusive. But the weakness in job creation andthe apparent weakness in high-paying jobs may be opposite sides ofa coin. Companies still seem cautiously, relying on temporary workers 4___________ and anxious about rising health care costs associating with full-time workers. 5___________ Many economists say that over the long term, the most vulnerable positions are those at the low end of the wage scale that requires fewer skills and are 6___________ easily replicated. Even now, at a time when a proportionate number of 7___________ new jobs appear to be lower-paying ones, there has been growth in some high-income occupations like accounting, architecture and software.Yet the earnings gap between the highest-paid employees and the rest ofthe work force is still widening, as it was over most of the last 30 years. 8___________ The trend is most striking in factories, which accounted for the bulk of joblosses in the last three years and tending to pay above-average wages. 9___________ In contrast with previous recoveries, when companies rehired a large 10___________ proportion of laid-off workers, manufacturers have added only 91,000jobs this year, having eliminated more than two million jobs in the previousthree years.Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the generalpublic and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’snatural relations, loosed their responsibilities to 1_____________ kins and neighbors, and substituted in their place 2_____________ for superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. 3_____________ However, in recent years a growing body of research has re-ve aled that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a cityresident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighborsthan you if you are a resident of a smaller community. 4_____________ But, for the most part, this fact has a few significant 5_____________ consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you knowfew of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social tieswithin small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality ofmeaningful relationship do not differ between more and less urban 6____________ people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than do 7____________ big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friend-ships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanismmay produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does notdiffer between town and city. Or are residents of large communities 8___________ any likely to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation 9___________ than are residentsof smaller communities. However, citydwellers do worry more about crime, and thisleads them to a distrust for strangers. 10___________Error-correction Exercise 25The violence within a society is controlled through institutionsof law. The most developed a legal system becomes, the more 1____________ societies takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punish- 2____________ ment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means todealing with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may 3____________ have the responsibility for personal carrying out judgment and 4____________ punishment upon the person who did the offense. 5____________ But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomespersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for 6___________ protecting individuals form violence. In cases where he cannot be 7___________ protected, the society is responsible for committing punishment. 8___________ In a state controlling legal system, individuals are removed 9___________ from the circle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the 10___________ state assumes responsibility for their protection.Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economical causes: it is not due simply to the bad 1____________ influence of this or that individual writers. But an effect can become 2____________ a cause, reinforce the original cause and producing the same effect 3____________ in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take drink 4____________ because he feels himself to be a failure, and thenfail all the most 5____________ completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that ishappening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccuratebecause our thoughts are foolish, but the sloven of our language makes 6____________ it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the processis irreversible. Modern English, especially written English, is full of 7____________ bad habits which spread by imitation and which can be avoided if oneis willing to take the necessary trouble. If one gets ride of these habitsone can think more clearly, and think clearly is a necessary first 8____________ step toward political regeneration: so that the fight against badEnglish is not frivolous and is not the exclusive concerning of pro- 9____________ fessional writers. I will come back to this present, and I hope that by 10____________ that time the meaning of what I have said here will have becomeclearer.Error-correction Exercise 27This brings us to a seeming paradox. Acutely aware of the smallestconstitution particles of time, industrialized man has to a great 1____________ extent lose the old awareness of time in its larger divisions. The 2____________ time which we have knowledge is artificial, machine-made time. 3____________ Natural, cosmic time, as is measured out by the sun and the moon, 4____________ we are for the most part almost wholly unconscious. Pre-industrialpeople know time in its daily, monthly and seasonal rhythms. Theyare aware of sunrise and of spring and summer, autumn and winter.All the old religions, including Catholic Christianity, has insisted on 5____________ this daily and seasonal rhythm. Pre-industrial man was never allowedto forget the majestic movement of cosmic time.Industrialism and urbanism have changed all this. One can liveand work in a town without aware of the daily march of the sun 6____________ across the sky. Broadway and Piccadilly are our Milky Way；ourconstellations are outlined in neon tubes. Even changes of seasonaffect the townsman very a little. He is the inhabitant of an artificial 7____________ universe that, to a great extent, walled off from the world of nature. 8____________ Outside the walls, time is cosmic and moves with the motion ofthe sun and stars. Within, it is an affair of revolving wheals and ismeasured by seconds and minutes----at its longest, in eight-hour days 9____________and six-day weeks. We have a new conscience, but it has been pur- 10____________ chased at the expense of the old.Error-correction Exercise 28Culture in general is concerned about beliefs and values on the 1___________ basis of which people interpret experiences and behave, individuallyand in groups. Broadly an d simply putting, “culture” refersto a 2___________ group or community with that you share common experiences that 3___________ shape the way how you understand the world. Culture is the “lens” 4___________ through which you view the world. It is central to what you see, how you make sense of what you see, and how you express your-self. Culture is often at the root of communication challenges. Explo-ring historical experiences and the ways in which various culturalgroups have related to each other is key to open channels for cross- 5___________ cultural communication. Becoming more beware of cultural differ- 6___________ ences, as well as exploring cultural similarities, can help you com-municate with the others more effectively. Next time you find your- 7___________ self a confusing situation, ask yourself how culture may be shap- 8___________ ing your own reactions, and try to see the world from the other’spoint of view. Anthropologists discovered that, when faced by inter-action that we do not understand, people tend to interpret the othersinvolved as “abnormal”, “weird” or “wrong”. Awareness of culturaldifferences and recognizing where cultural differences are in 9___________ work is the first step toward understanding each other and establish 10___________ a positive working environment. Use these differences to challengeyour own assumptions about the “right” way of doing things and as achance to learn new ways to solve problems.Error-correction Exercise 29In May, dozens of factory workers and landscapers lined up outside athree-story concrete building here on Drift Street, snaking aroundthe block to register their children for classes at a preschool that run by 1___________ the Puerto Rican Action Board, a private nonprofitable group. 2___________ On Monday, many of them will gather together at the State House in Trenton 3___________ to try to keep their beloved school from closing. They plan to protest that they claim is a form of institutional bias. The New Jersey Department 4___________ of Education, they argue, wants to eliminate the community-based,most nonprofit private preschool programs like the one that the 5___________ Puerto Rican Action Board runs.The group, which started offering preschool in 1973, maintains thatthe state is refusing to cover raising costs in violation of a 1998 6___________ state Supreme Court ruling mandating that 30 poor districts will receive 7___________everything they need to create "well-planned, high-quality" preschools.Without the money, it says, it will have to close its three preschools here.The Department of Education says the Puerto Rican Action Boardreceives plenty of money - about $9,700 for each of its 225 children,close to $1,000 on average than the state's public preschools,and 8___________ more than twice what public preschools receive in New York.At the heart of the battle, however, it lies a much larger debate about 9___________ the role of private nonprofit agencies in a public system. The Puerto RicanAction Board and other social service agencies have been offering preschoolfor decades, and the court decision explicitly states that any schoolunable to meet the court's education standard "should be supplied with 10__________ the necessary funding to be able to do so."Error-correction Exercise 30For many materials the process of turning them back into usefulraw materials are straightforward: metals are shredded into pieces, 1____________ paper is reduced to pulp and glass is crushed into cullet. Metalsand glass can be remelted almost indefinitely without any lossof quality, while paper can be recycled up to six times. 2____________ Plastics, which are made of fossil fuels, are somewhat different. 3____________ Because they have many useful properties—they are flexible, 4____________ lightweight and can be shaped into any form—there are manydifferent types, most of them need to be processed separately. 5____________ In 2005 less than 6% of the plastic from America's municipalwaste stream was recovered. And of that small fraction, the onlytwo types recycling in significant quantities were PET and HDPE. 6____________ For PET, food-grade bottle-to-bottle recycling exists. But plasticis often “down-cycled” into other products such as plastic lumber,drain pipes and carpet fibres, which tend to end up in landfills and 7___________ incinerators at the end of their useful lives.And so, plastics are being used more and more, not just for packaging, 8___________ but also in consumer goods such as cars, televisions and personalcomputers. Because such products are made of a variety of materialsand can contain multiple types of plastic, metals and glass, they areespecially difficult and expensive to dismantle and recycle.Europe and Japan have initiated “take back” laws that requireelectronics manufacturers recycle their products. But in America 9___________ only a handful of states have passed such legislation. That has causedproblems for companies that specialise in recycling plastics fromcomplex waste streams and dependent on take-back laws for getting 10___________ the necessary feedstock.Key to Error-correction Ex. 161．答案：去掉and，语法辨析题。
英语专业八级考试改错题型训练及答案解析
英语专业八级考试改错题型训练及答案解析更多精彩内容请及时____应届毕业生考试网!part 1English teachers hear “he” and “she” misused on a daily basis. Small mistakes often make simple exchanges ical,and sometimes frustrating. Learning to municate a foreign__1__language can be exciting orjust daunting. Fortunately, public education in China provides a wonderful introduction with the__2__English language. Speaking, listening, reading and writing areteachers catch up with games, or activities that stimulate a __9__situation where English might be useful for those specific students. Teachers mold each class to the students present. While at dinner together or while visiting a scenic area, student should discover new vocabulary words andpractice__10__ speaking in a realistic social situation rather than a classroom.答案及解析:1. 在municate之后加inin表示手段方法等，在此意义是“用......交际”2. withto介词to从意义分析^p 该与introduction (to) 关联;而不是provide3. needneeded过去分词修饰前面的the four language skills，相当于the four language skills(which/that are) needed4. 第一个isarewhich 在从句中坐主语，其先行词为writing and speaking5. 删除on或把onin6. thanto习语superior to7. hearingheard过去分词表示被动，相当于which/that is heard8. 去掉they或在they后加are根据语法规那么，有些表示时间，地点，条件，方式或让步状语从句，假如谓语包含动词be，主语又和主语的主语谓语一致，那么常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语局部，特别是动词be省略掉9. catchecatch up with和e up with有意义一样之处：追赶，赶上，但此处根据上下文，应为e up with作为“提供，供给”解10. shouldcan根据上下文，学生具备这种才能(can)，但不是责任或义务(should)part 2party. The secondary element critical to the success of a party is__8_its theme. Each party might have a definite reason for being, a __9__certain idea or mood running throughout the evening. While many persons consider such “gimmicky” as costume parties or Mexican fiestas passe, there are many alternative themes to choose between.__10__答案及解析：1. excitedexciting：两者都为形容词，但意义上有区别：excited意为“兴奋的'，冲动的，活泼的”，常常表示一种状态。
(完整word版)专八改错真题及答案
2000 年-2015 年专八短文改错试卷2015 年3 月21 日专业八级考试改错When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular showon ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the 1._______rink, my friend 's mother remarked on the “plush ”seats we had beengiven. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2. ______vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush” was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation 。
that 3. ________________________________________________________________much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4._______started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, and so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren't they? Myfriend 's mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5._______expression that I had not got the word quite right.Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughlymeans, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6._______new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7._______own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should haveasked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the 8._______aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by 9. ______speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly, but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English.So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap. 10.________2014 改错There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) _____have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) _____l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the same sense one acquires a firstlanguage? (3) _______________________________l What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) ______more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?l What motivates people to acquire additional language?l What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) _____acquisition of additional languages?l What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying the learning of additionallanguages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) _____the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have one thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring of an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (7) ____________________________________________so. Whether one labels it “learning ” or “ acqutiiori n agl ” an addilanguage, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under (8) ______focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an individual. That is, thespotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning (9) ______or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in the classroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. (10) ______________________________2013 专八短文改错试卷．Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding, production and remembering language, and hence are concerned with (1)listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually (2) ______happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately. (3) _____Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page, (4) _____you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptional circumstances we might become aware of the complexity (5) ________________________________________________________involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it 。
专八改错训练及答案
改错练习1. Before 1973, abortion was illegal in America unless the woman's health was threatened. In March of 1970, Jane Roe, a single woman, instituted this federal action against the District Attorney of the country. The original idea was that women who truly did not want a baby should not have to have it. __1__ Since pregnacy may be a blessed act when planned or wanted, __2__ forced pregnacy, like any force bodily invasion, is anathema to American values and traditions. As legalized abortion has become an everyday part of American life, a different side to it has emerged out. __3__ Where women once were aborting because they did not want a child, the reasons being given now were becoming very different. __4__ Abortion has turned into something that women are being coerced from boyfriends'/husbands' unwilling to be fathers, out of fear __5__ of the financial pressure, out of the panic from losing their jobs, out of panic from having to quit the school, or becoming __6__ homeless, or out of fear of their parents kicking them out into the street. Abortion for these reasons can lead to problems which develop when a woman is unable to get round her emotional responses __7__ from the trauma of an abortion. There are women who abort and do so completely of her own free will. These women have no __8__ regrets, no remorse, but are happy they had this choice available. __9__ But a growing number of women are speaking up about how abortion effected them adversely. __10__2. Several years ago, we began construction on a new church building. In the beginning, the workmen dug a big pit in the ground and then they began to pour footings. Footings are cement piers under __1__ which the entire building rests. They are crucial to the strength of the finished structure. After the foundation hole is dug, the footings must be poured quickly, before the composition of the soil is changed by the wind, air, or water. With a similar way in these brief early __2__ years, parents of young children have the challenging job of lying __3__ the foundation that will support family friendships in later years.Physical affectation and verbal affirmation are necessary in laying __4__ a strong foundation for friendship. Hug, hug, hug. Even if you are not __5__ raised in a hugging family, hug your kids anyway. They need the warmth of physical contact and so do you need. A young child will try to __6__ manipulate and be in the charge. He will attempt to get his own way. __7__ Since the child may not be consciously trying to control, this is __8__ what he is doing. A wise parent must not permit to happen. __9__ When a child respects his parents, he will also respect the others. __10__3. Thirty or forty years ago, when most mothers in the United States didn't have jobs, homes were busier places. Children went to school from 9 A.M to 3 P.M. and spent the most of the time in the house under their__1__ mother's watchful eyes. Children played, watched TV, and did homework, and while they weren't in the house, __2__ they were outside in the front or backyard or playing nearly with other neighborhood children. Though this situation still exists in some communities today, it is becoming rarer and rarer as more and more mothers have work inside the home. These "two-income__3__ families" create a different kind of home—one that is a place to stop temporarily in the midst of a busy schedule __4__ of activities. Because working parents often leave the house by 8 A.M and return at 5 or 6 P.M, children go to school and then a series ofhighly-programmed after-school activities.__5__ So when school lets out for two or three weeks at New Y ear's time, many parents may face with a troubling situation.__6__ Some researches show the kind of child-care problem the holidays can have for busy parents. Even in those families __7__ in which the mother is home, there is often many active __8__ neighborhood full of children playing since most of the other children are involved in activities. This result from the irony __9__ of both parents and children anxiously look forward to the end__10__ of their vacation.4. Poverty exists because our society is an unequal one, and there are powerful political pressures to keep it that way. Any attempt to redistributing wealth and in __1__ come in the United States will inevitably be opposed by powerful middle and upper class interests. People can be relatively rich only if you are relatively poor, and as __2__ power is mainly in the hands of the rich, public policies reflect their interests than __3__ those of the poor. As Mr. Herbert Gans has pointed out, poverty is actually functional from the point of view of the non poor. Poverty ensures that dirty work gets doing. If there __4__ were no poor people to scrub floors and empty bedpans, there jobs will have to be __5__ rewarded with high incomes before anyone would touch them. Poverty creates jobs for many of the non poor, such as police officers, welfare workers, and government bureaucrats. Poverty makes life easier for the rich by providing them with cookers, __6__ gardeners, and other workers to perform basic chores when their employers enjoy __7__ more pleasurable activities. Poverty provides a market for more inferior goods and __8__ service, such as day old bread, run down automobiles, or the advice of competent __9__ physicians and lawyers. Poverty also provides a group that can be made to absorb the costs of change. It is just that poverty is an inevitable outcome of the American economic system, in which the poor are politically powerless to influence or change. __10__5. Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language, and __but1__few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons about this, __for2__ some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very () better than they do is that __3much__ they fail to grasp the true name of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about tackling it by the right way. Far too many people fail to realize __nature4__ that pronounce a foreign language is a skill; one that_pronounce_5__ needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of himself. __itself6__ I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerning with speaking the__concerned7__ language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher may be prepared to __should8__ devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject he should get the student to feel that here is a matter worth of receiving his close ttention.__去掉9__ So, there should be occasions where other aspects of English, _when _10__ such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take a secondary place.改错【答案】11.it——one. it和one用来指代时，it通常用于特指，one通常用于类指。
专八的改错练习题（附答案）
专八的改错练习题（附答案）改错是专八的基本题型之一，改错是大家从小就开始接触的，但是这不意味着每个人都能拿到理想的分数。
下面店铺为大家送上两篇专八的改错练习题。
专八的改错练习题一More than 2,000 years ago, the philosopher socrateswandered around athens asking questions, anapproach to find truth that thinkers venerated eversince.(1)____(2)____ in modem times, the socraticmethod was adapted for use in universities andbecame the dominant form of instruction forstudents learning philosophy and the law. the mostrecently national survey on the subject found that 97% of law-school professors use thesocratic method in first-year classes.(3)____ socratic dialogues seem to work for the ancientgreeks.(4)____ are they efficient for people today?(5)____ recently, a group of researchersdecided to find out.In a study published in the december 2011 issue of the journal mind, brain, and education, fourcognitive scientists from argentina describe what happened when they asked contemporaryhigh school and college students a series of questions identified to those posed by socrates.(6)____ in one of his most famous lessons, socrates showed a young slave boy with a square,then led him through a series of 50 questions intended to teach the boy how to draw thesecond square with an area twice as large as the first.(7)____ students in the 2011 experiment,led by researcher andrea goldin, gave answers astonishing similar to those offered by socrates'pupils, even making the same mistakes he made.(8)____(9)____ " our results show that thesocratic dialogue is built on a strong intuition ofhuman knowledge and reasoning whichpersist more than twenty-four centuries after its conception," the researchers write.(10)____their findings, goldin and his co-authors add, demonstrate the existence of "human cognitiveuniversalstraversing time and cultures. "答案详解1.find→finding词汇错误。
英语专业八级改错练习题及参考答案
英语专业八级改错练习题及参考答案英语专业八级改错练习题及参考答案Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosed their responsibilities __1__ to kins (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place __2__ for superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. __3__ However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you if you are a resident of a smaller community. __4__ But, for the most part, this fact has a few significant consequences. __5__ It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationship do not differ between more and less urban __6__ people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than do big __7__ city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Or are residents of large communities __8__ any likely to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation __9__ than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust for strangers. __10__答案：1.loosed改为loosened。
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v .. . ..2000 年-2015年专八短文改错试卷2015年3月21日专业八级考试改错When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular showon ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the 1.______rink, my friend’s mother remarked on the “plush” seats we had beengiven. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2. ______ vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush”was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation。
that 3.______much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4.______started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, andso are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’t they? Myfriend’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5.______expression that I had not got the word quite right.Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughlymeans, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6.______new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7.______own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should haveasked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the 8.______aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by 9.______speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly,but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English.So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap. 10.______2014改错There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) ______have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) ______l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in thesame sense one acquires a first language? (3) ______l What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) ______more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?l What motivates people to acquire additional language?l What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) ______acquisition of additional languages?l What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) ______the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiringof an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (7) ______ so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additionallanguage, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under (8) ______focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of anindividual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning (9) ______ or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in theclassroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. (10) ______2013 专八短文改错试卷．Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding,production and remembering language, and hence are concerned with (1) _____ listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually (2) ______ happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately. (3) ______Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page, (4) ______you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptionalcircumstances we might become aware of the complexity (5) ______involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it。
if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced (6) ______their language。
if we observe a child acquire language。
if (7) ______we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult。
orif we are visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meetanyone else who is. As we shall see, all these examples (8) ______of what might be called “language in exceptional circumstances”reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking, (9) ______listening, writing and reading. But given that language processeswere normally so automatic, we also need to carry out careful (10) ______experiments to get at what is happening.2012年The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______ century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writersfavoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter。