高级英语听力4
2022年12月英语四级听力原文和答案(第一套)
2022年12月英语四级听力原文和答案（第一套）Part II Listening Comprehension第二部分：听力考试Section AA 节Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.考试说明：在这一部分，你将听到三篇新闻报道。
每篇新闻的结尾，会有两到三个问题。
新闻和问题只读一遍。
听到问题后从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。
然后在答题纸1 上相应的字母中间划上横线（涂满）。
News Report One新闻报道一（1）Operations at one of Australia's largest gold mines had to be temporarily suspended on Friday after a partial wall collapse at one of the mine's dams.周五，澳大利亚最大金矿之一的一座大坝发生部分围墙坍塌，该矿不得不暂停运营。
The wall collapsed at the Cadia Mine. Came just a few days after two earthquakes hit the area.卡迪亚矿区的墙壁倒塌了。
lesson-4高级值班机工英语听力与会话
8. A. We repaired the damaged parts.损坏的部件 B. We replaced the damaged part on board. C. We used the spare parts on board to replace the damaged parts. D. Spare parts can be used to replace the damaged parts.备件
10. A.Windlass B.Mooring winch C.Hydraulic motor D.Crane
锚机 绞缆机 液压马达
高级值班机工英语听力与会话
Task 2 Sentence listening
Listen to the following sentences carefully and choose the best one according to what you hear.
D.Hydraulic motor 液压马达
高级值班机工英语听力与会话
Task 1 Picture listening
7. A.Tank 柜子 B.Cooler 冷却器 C.Air bottle 空气瓶 D.Boiler 锅炉
8.
英语高级视听_听力原文_Unit4Afghanistan
Afghanistan: Addicted To HeroinBy Daniel SchornWatch the Segment ?Web ExtrasAfghanistan's Heroin TradeKarzai On The Opium ProblemFor much of 2005, the news out of Iraq has overshadowed what has been going on in Afghanistan, where 18,000 U.S. troops are still fighting and dying along the Pakistan border in battles with the Taliban, al Qaeda and other Muslim extremist groups.The rest of Afghanistan, at least compared to Iraq, appears relatively peaceful. But the country is facing another threat to its stability — its growing addiction to the production and trafficking of heroin, which is controlled by some of the most powerful people in the country.Correspondent Steve Kroft reports.Afghanistan is now the world's largest exporter of heroin, and the opium used to produce it, supplying 87 percent of the world market. And it is creating an infrastructure of crime and corruption that threatens the government of President Hamid Karzai.The heroin trade begins with fields of opium poppies罂粟grown in almost every province of Afghanistan. Last year, according to the U.S. state department, 206,000 hectares公顷（1公顷等于1万平方米）were cultivated, a half a million acres, producing 4,000 tons of opium, most of which was converted into 400 tons of illegal morphine and heroin in laboratories around the country.How much opium and heroin is that?"It is not only the largest heroin producer in the world, 206,000 hectares is the largest amount of heroin or of any drug that I think has ever been produced by any one country in any given year," says Robert Charles, who until last spring was assistant secretary of state助理国务卿for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement, overseeing anti-drug operations in Afghanistan.Charles says Afghanistan is producing more heroin than Colombia is producing cocaine.After 25 years of war, it is the country's main cash crop经济作物, contributing nearly three billion dollars a year in illegal revenues to the Afghan economy, which equals 50 percent of the gross national product国民生产总值.The laundered proceeds are no doubt funding much of the rebuilding of Kabul, which is experiencing a major construction boom建筑热潮.But the best way to illustrate the sheer volume数量庞大of the drug trade贩毒is to tour thebasement地下室；地窖vault 拱顶；撑竿跳；地下室underneath Afghanistan's Counter Narcotics 禁毒police in Kabul, where one and a half tons of heroin, just seized in the provinces, was awaiting destruction.One and a half tons of pure heroin is much larger than the biggest shipment装货；装载的货物ever seized in the United States, and once cut 削减and repackaged it is worth hundreds of millions of dollars on the streets of a western city.Y et the seizure没收；夺取；捕获is less than one percent of all the heroin produced in Afghanistan last year, production which has increased more than 2,000 percent since 2001."That acceleration should be sending a blinking red light to all of us right now. Drug money is going to accelerate the disintegration of democratic institutions民主制度," warns Charles.What is happening, Charles says, is the transformation of a poor, war torn country struggling with democracy into a narco缉查毒品的刑警state 毒品国家where power emanates放射发散发出；散发；发源from a group of drug kingpins大毒枭们far more powerful than the new government.The process began in 2001 when the United States forged military alliances军事同盟with powerful warlords and used their private armies to drive al Qaeda and the Taliban out of the country.But some of Afghanistan's biggest warlords also happen to be some of the country's biggest drug lords毒枭. Now that they are part of the government, often in high places, a few are even charged with eradicating the drug traffi c毒品买卖that many people believe they're still involved in.One former warlord suspected of being involved in the opium trade鸦片贸易is Hazrat Ali, whose private army fought against al Qaeda at the battle of Tora Bora. In appreciation of his efforts, he was placed in charge of security for Nangahar province until he resigned recently to run for 竞选；匆匆去取；赶紧去请parliament参加议会选举.He also happens to be named in a United Nations report as one of the provincial officials省级官员suspected of being heavily involved in drug trafficking.Ali doesn't deny that the heroin business flourishes in the region but denied that he is involved in the trade. "No. Y ou can ask anyone. I am opposed to drugs. If everyone was like me, there wouldn't be an opium plant in Afghanistan."60 Minutes had no difficulty finding people to make the allegations; proving them is another matter since there is virtually事实上，几乎；实质上no criminal justice system事司法体系；刑事审判系统；刑事法律制度in place to pursue them.In all of Afghanistan there are barely 100 people in jail for drug offenses毒品犯罪, most of them small time不重要的；一日表演数次而且票价低的巡回舞台表演players.Afghanistan's President Hamid Karzai, who is considered honest and well intentioned, outlawed宣布…为不合法；将…放逐；剥夺…的法律保护the cultivation and trafficking of opium three years ago, but has neither the power nor the prosecutors to enforce it."It is the top priority. Not one of the top — the top priority now," says Karzai."There have been lots of reports that many of the people in the provinces, many of the former commanders指挥官；司令官, have been involved with drug trafficking in the past. And some believe still continue to be involved in drug trafficking," Kroft says.Karzai agrees. "A lot of people are still involved in drug trafficking," he says. "Maybe even there are people in the government who may be involved in drug trafficking. Drug trafficking, drug cultivation毒品种植, poppy cultivation, was a major way of life in this country. Now that the country's going back toward stability, now that we have a better hope for tomorrow, that we have hope for tomorrow, the Afghan people have begun to distance themselves. Slowly, slowly."Things are moving much too太…；非常…slowly for the country's top law enforcement officer 执法人员, interior minister内政部长Ali Amad Jalali, who resigned last month after complaining about the lack of progress in stemming止住，阻止，遏止the opium trade, and bringing government officials政府官员involved in it to justice.bring to justice绳之以法；把…交付审判；使归案受审,移送法办,捉拿归案Last June, his elite精英；精华；中坚分子Afghan anti-drug禁毒的；反毒品的force, trained and assisted by the British, raided 袭击；突袭；搜捕；抢劫the offices of Sher Muhammed Akhundzada, the Governor of Helmand Province, another warlord widely suspected of being involved in the drug trade.They seized nine and a half tons on opium, but the investigation went nowhere不存在的；毫无结果的；不知名的不起什么作用. Governor Akhunzada said the drugs were not his but that they had been seized by police and were just being stored at his headquarters.He showed 60 Minutes a locker柜，箱；上锁的人；有锁的橱柜；锁扣装置；有锁的存物柜now loaded负荷的；装填子弹的；装好胶卷的；喝醉了的（美国俚语）；阔绰的（美国俚语）with another two and a half tons of opium. "This is opium that we confiscated没收；充公；查抄. We have to keep the confiscated opium in a safe place. And this is where we keep it," says Akhunzada, through a translator.Not everyone bought that argument认可这样的观点, especially the chief counter-narcotics officer for Helmand Province. When the investigation stalled停滞, Abdul Samad Haqqani went on Radio Liberty, which is funded by the U.S. Congress, and denounced谴责；揭发；声明…无效the governor as a major narcotics trafficker.Haqqani has since disappeared and President Karzai says he would look into the matter调查这件事.As for the tons of opium in the Governor's administrative office行政管理办公室, Karzai wasn't the least bit surprised一点也不觉惊奇."It's almost half of the economy," he says. "Why would it surprise me if there was poppy found in a governor's office? Or administrative offices? Whether they were confiscated or whether they belonged to somebody. In both cases, it doesn't surprise me."Asked how his government would deal with the governor amid these allegations, Karzai says the governor asked to be removed."This governor of Helmand, he has come to me a number of times to say that he is tired of working in Helmand precisely because of these allegations," Karzai says. "He says, 'Well remove me' and we have not removed him. Because right now, under the circumstances, any replacement would find it difficult to continue the fight against terrorism the way he's doing it there — in that province and at the borders."Karzai went on to say that no investigation was needed and that the governor could be removed and assigned to other government work."We don't need an investigation on him," Karzai says. "We will remove him from his place and bring him to do some other government work. Maybe he should become a senator 参议员or something."Antonio Maria Costa, director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime联合国毒品和犯罪署, says he has pleaded with Karzai to do something about senior officials and governors involved in the drug business."These people who have been involved, senior officials and governors who were involved in the drug economy should be removed," says Costa. "Removed from office and possibly removed from the country."Costa says the need to fight terrorism and defeat the insurgency叛乱；暴动；叛乱状态should not be used as an excuse to ignore the opium trade. "I think it is the responsibility of the Afghan government and the foreign powers assisting it to fight both narcotics and the insurgency. I will say that fighting one is equal to fighting the other."The British, who have overall responsibility for counter narcotics in Afghanistan, and the Americans, have limited their role to assisting the Karzai government in training anti-drug units and providing occasional logistical后勤方面的；运筹的，逻辑的support for their missions to confiscate opium and destroy drug labs制毒窝点. So far they have destroyed 150 labs.The American military has no direct role in counter narcotics. Its responsibility is fighting terrorism and providing security and stability. If U.S. troops come across偶遇；无意中发现；讲得清楚明白；给人…印象opium they can take action but it is not part of their mission.Robert Charles says the U.S. military has limited resources to commit to交付，把…投入；把…置于the effort and feels that aggressive action侵蚀作用；腐蚀性积极的行动could disrupt the flow of intelligence. "It is easy to say, 'We will get to着手处理this issue in time'及时；适时the way we get to other social issues社会问题；社会议题. But we don't have time."And Charles doesn't think it is just a threat to the mission. "I think it is a threat to the Democracy. Why is it a threat to democracy? First, it has a potential for public corruption. Second, it funds the violent elements暴力分子in society. Finally, it sends a signal that the rule of law doesn't matter." One U.S. counter-narcotics official told Kroft that corruption is worse in Afghanistan than it is in Colombia, and estimated that 90 percent of the police chiefs are either directly involved in the drug business or protecting those who are.The British trained mobile unit机动部队车载设备says it is under orders to stop police cars警察巡逻车and official motorcades汽车行列，车队as well as ordinary buses. Official vehicles are the preferred means of transporting opium.There have been a few small successes. The government has stepped up加速的提高；增加；走近 a modest谦虚的，谦逊的；适度的；端庄的；羞怯的poppy eradication program, and with the help of the U.S. state department（美国）国务院is trying to persuade farmers to grow alternative crops 轮种作物.可替代作物The number of acres of poppy under cultivation actually dropped 20 percent in 2005, although opium and heroin production remained about the same.In the village of Kushkak, farmers told 60 Minutes that they voluntarily quit growing opium poppy罂粟after the government promised to build them health clinics卫生所；健康中心；保健室, schools and roads. But the promises have not materialized并没有实现and they are growing impatient."We did promise them alternative livelihoods替代生计," says Karzai. "We have told them that they should stop growing poppy, that we'll be there to help them. And if we don't do that, people out of desperation will go back to poppies, and we should not allow that."But illegal profits非法利润不当得利from the opium and heroin trade are not only helping warlords and corrupt officials 贪官污吏expand their influence over the government. There is evidence that some of the money is ending up with结束；以…而结束；以…告终最终成为the Taliban and al Qaeda, who elicit抽出，引出；引起tolls通行费；钟声（toll的复数形式）；港口税率；伤亡人数,protection money 保护费and drugs from traffickers in areas they control."Narcotics is such an insidious阴险的；隐伏的；暗中为害的；狡猾的, creeping爬行的；迟缓的；毛骨悚然的；奉承的, potentially lethal有致命威胁problem in that country that it needs to be elevated to a rank that is commensurate 相称的；同量的；同样大小的with that threat," says Charles.Asked whether he is saying that this issue is as important as fighting terrorism, he said, "I am."Rankn. 排；等级；军衔；队列adj. 讨厌的；恶臭的；繁茂的vt. 排列；把…分等。
大学英语四级听力练习材料及答案解析.doc
大学英语四级听力练习材料及答案解析不花半分就能够找到的大学英语四级听力材料。
下面是给大家整理的大学英语四级听力材料及参考答案，供大家参阅!大学英语四级听力材料Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.5A.Mexico.B.Canada.C.Georgia.D.Maine.6A.The whole America was without power.B.Serious snow buried American Southeast Coast.C.There were 30 deaths caused by car accidents.D.More than 14,000 flights have been cancelled.7A.To launch a program to help those in trouble.B.To cooperate with Canada to deal with the bad weather.C.To provide federal money to help deal with the situation.D.To help Canada cope with the snow.News Item ThreeAfter burying the American East Coast in snow all the way from Georgia up to Maine, the storm appeared in February, 2014, has moved north to Canada. It has left an icy trail of destruction in its wake; hundreds of thousands of homes are still without power, mostly in southern states like the Carolinas, which are used to milder winter weather.The extreme conditions are being blamed for at least 25 deaths, mostly intraffic accidents on roads that are slick with ice. Thirty people were injured in a multi-car pileup in Pennsylvania and more than 14,000 flights have been cancelled this week so far.President Obama has left the snow in Washington for the West Coast, where he has been talking about a very different type of extreme weather; California is in the midst of its worst drought in a hundred years. He promised federal money to help deal with what he called a very challenging situation .5.Where did the storm move according to the news?6.What did the storm result in?7.What did President Obama promise to do?短篇新闻(三)2014年2月开始的这场暴风雪沿美国东海岸将佐治亚到缅因州之间覆盖成一片冰天雪地之后，又移向了北方的加拿大。
新世纪高级英语视听说4 unit5 听力原文
Unit 5 Big BusinessListeningAudio Track 4-5-1Talk 1Our company employs 100 people from the local area. It develops and produces wooden artware which it sells in one of its five city stores. Even without advertisement, the products are very popular and the stores are always busy. Customers often come directly to the stores to make purchases.*Talk 2I’m the Product Marketing Manager of our company. We are working on a marketing plan at the moment. Before any contracts are signed, there are a lot of things we have to take into careful consideration. We should know, for instance, the needs and preferences of consumers, the best distribution channel, the governing rules and regulations concerning the distribution of products, and the price at which products can be sold.**Talk 3My employer is a world-leading information and communications technology (ICT) solutions provider. The company supplies networking and telecommunications equipment to 45 of the world’s 50 largest telecom operators. In such a compet itive market, the company has to innovate to stay ahead. That’s why it invests heavily in research and development, the department I work in. I’m a senior analyst in the R&D division.Audio Track 4-5-2/Audio Track 4-5-3He may have been your typical teenager in most ways. But he was different in one particular way: he started his own magazine. At the age of 15 he managed the magazine called Student. It was written for and about young people in school. He was very busy, but it was a satisfying job.His next business venture was completely different. He and some friends started a mail order record company. It was also the same year, 1970, when his music discount store was opened in England. It made a lot of money.In the early 1990s, he sold his successful music business and used the money for another business idea: an airline company. And so, Virgin Airways Ltd. was born. To compete with other airlines, his company offered good prices to customers. Today Virgin is known for its excellent service. Richard Branson now runs the Virgin Group, Ltd. He employs 50,000 people and in many different fields, such as book publishing, financial services, modeling, and even bridal services! Not bad for a teenager from the UK who dreamed of editing his own magazine!Audio Track 4-5-4/Audio Track 4-5-5Host: Welcome back to “You Snooze, You Lose!” the best game show on television! This is our final round. Let me remind you of the rules. We will show an object for a couple of seconds. It’s your job to guess what it is. Michael? Linda? Are you ready to play?Michael & Linda: Yes!!Host: OK, then, let’s play ”You Snooze, You Lose!” Show us item number one.Host: Yes, Michael?Michael: I know what they are. They’re called “cams” and they’re used in mountain climbing. Host: That’s right for one point! They’re used to hold climbing ropes. All right then, here’s our second object. Yes, Linda?Linda: Is it some kind of tool?Host: Can you be more specific?Linda: I don’t know ... a tool used to fix some kind of machine?Host: No, I’m sorry. It’s a nose and ear hair trimmer. Next … item number three. Do you have any idea? Time is up. Since no one guessed, I’ll tell you the answer. Those are called Hopi ear candles. Linda: You stick them in your ears?Host: That’s right. They are used to clean out your ears. They also help to relax you. Let’s move on to item number four. Here it is.Michael: That’s obvious. It’s a corkscrew. You use it to open bottles.Host: Yes, that’s correct! It’s a mini-travel corkscrew. You can pack it in your suitcase. Oh, no! You know what that means! We’re out of time. Michael, with two correct answers, you are today’s winner! Congratulations! And before we leave, let me show the remaining objects. Item number five is an egg slicer. Item number six is a tongue scraper —make sure to use it so that you don’t have bad breath! That’s all the time we have for today. See you next time on “You Snooze, You Lose!” Goodbye everybody!Audio Track 4-5-6/Audio Track 4-5-7Microsoft CorporationMicrosoft Corporation is a multinational computer technology corporation that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of software products for computing devices. Headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA, its best selling flagship products are the Microsoft Windows operating system and the Microsoft Office suite. Microsoft ships products to Europe, Asia, and Latin America.Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975. In the mid-1980s, it rose to dominate the home computer operating system market with MS-DOS. Since 1985, Microsoft has released an upgrading line of Windows operating systems featuring a friendly user interface. The latest one, Windows 7, was released in October 2009 and has sold 600 million copies to date. A more powerful one, Windows 8, is to be released in late 2012. It is reported that this product can deliver a fast and fluid experience, along with a new user interface that responds equally well to touch as it does to keyboard and mouse.As one commentator notes, Microsoft’s original mission was “a computer on every desk and in every home, running Microsoft software,” and now it is a goal near fulfillment. Microsoft alsomakes profits in other markets such as computer hardware products and home entertainment products.Audio Track 4-5-8/Audio Track 4-5-9A different kind of holiday: Shop less, live more!Advertising is everywhere. It’s on race cars and subway trains, on T-shirts and billboards. Every day, you see hundreds of ads, and each advertiser wants you to buy their product. But do we really need all these products? A group in Canada says “No.” In 1991, they started an event called Buy Nothing Day, to protest against consumerism and waste. Every year, on the last Friday in November, no one should spend any money for 24 hours. The event has spread to over 15 countries around the world, including Japan, Australia, and the United Kingdom.In the United States, Buy Nothing Day takes place on the Friday after the Thanksgiving holiday. This is usually the busiest day of the year in department stores and shopping malls. Traditionally, it’s the first day of the Christmas shopping season, when Americans buy gifts for family and close friends.However, this “season” has grown longer every year. Now some stores put up their Christmas window displays in the middle of October, and Americans are pressured to buy gifts for every one of their relatives, for all of their coworkers, and for everyone they do business with. Many people feel that they are forgetting the real significance of the holidays, because companies just want them to spend more money.Of course, Buy Nothing Day supporters don’t want to change just one day. They want the change to continue all year. But if we take a break from shopping on one day, we can start thinking about wh at we really need in life. Michael Smith, British organizer of Buy Nothing Day, says: “Our message is clear: Shop less, live more!”Audio Track 4-5-10/Audio Track 4-5-11Ad or no ad?Is advertising really necessary? Billions of dollars are spent on it every year, so it must be important. After all, it’s a busy world. You have to advertise, sell products, and make money!Not every company thinks that way. The NO-AD company (“no-ad” stands for “not advertised”) avoids big advertising campaigns. The company was started in 1960 and is successful today. Their products are still affordable because the company saves money on advertising. They also use their savings to support a drug and alcohol awareness program to educate high school students.NO-AD sells by wor d of mouth. “Word-of-mouth advertising” happens when a person tells another person about a good experience with a product or service. That second person then tells another friend, family member, or colleague. And so a chain of information is created.Typic ally, advertisers talk about how good their product is. Although they say things like, “Studies show that our product is the best,” or “Everyone loves this product,” it can sound insincere or unconvincing. It’s much more believable to hear about a product from someone who did not make it. Our friends’ opinions are very important to us, so we often listen to their advice about aproduct.Word-of-mouth advertising has other advantages, too. It’s cost-effective (after all, it’s free) and a company doesn’t have to create a complex business plan to do it. Here is some advice for small business about word-of-mouth advertising:• Be prepared to talk about your company at any time. You never know who you will meet. Always carry business cards.• Only say positive things about your company. Don’t say negative things about your company.• Help other companies by referring people to them. The more you help others, the more good fortune will come back to you.Speaking & CommunicationAudio Track 4-5-12Noun: He gave me a beautiful present.Verb: Tomorrow I will present my ideas to the board of directors.Audio Track 4-5-131. a. I buy my produce at the market.b. We produce stereos and CD players.2. a. No one buys records anymore.b. I like to record my voice and listen to it.3. a. I can’t deliver it without an address.b. You need to address the envelope.Audio Track 4-5-14Host: So, welcome to our show. Why don’t you tell our listeners who you are and what you do. Woman: My name is Beverly Smith. I’m the CEO for TalkBack Communications.Host: Can you tell us about your company?Woman: Certainly. Our company was founded in 1995. We’re based in New York City. We have about 10,000 employees worldwide.Host: What does your company do?Woman: We do business in a large number of fields, such as telecommunications and computers. Our main area of business is new cell phone technology.Host: I hear your company is doing quite well.Woman: Well, we made over five million dollars profit last year. Experts say our company willgrow by up to 10% next year.Audio Track 4-5-15Conversation 1A: What’s the name of your company?B: It’s called Moonlights.A: Can you tell us about your company?B: Certainly. Our company was founded in 1999. We’re based in Seattle. We have over 5,000 employees.A: What does your company do?B: Moonlights produces and sells bottled coffee drinks. We also purchase coffee from farmers and sell it in our stores. Moonlights has over 3,000 stores worldwide.A: I hear your company is growing.B: Well, we made approximately 100 million dollars in profit last year. Experts say our company will grow by up to 10 percent next year.Conversation 2A: What’s the name of your company?B: It’s called Wasedosoft.A: Can you tell us about your company?B: Certainly. O ur company was founded in 2001. We’re based in Tokyo. We have over 12,000 employees.A: What does your company do?B: Wasedosoft produces millions of computer games and ships them to many countries. We also purchase computer games from freelancers and sell them in our stores. Wasedosoft has over 4,000 stores worldwide.A: I hear your company is growing.B: Well, we made approximately 1.5 billion dollars in profit last year. Experts say our company will grow by up to 15 percent next year.Audio Track 4-5-16History of Yahoo!This company was originally started as a hobby by two students in 1994. In the beginning it was called “Jerry and David’s Guide to the World Wide Web.” Their product was placed on two computers. The computers were named after two sumo wrestlers. The company grew quickly. Many stories were broadcast about it in the 1990s.Yahoo! TodayThis company’s Internet destination is visited by millions of people worldwide. It is used to find information. Free e-mail services are offered, too. Most of its profit is provided by advertising. Its main offices are found in California.Video CourseVideo Track 4-5-1Catherine: I’m a lawyer and the company I work for, we help people in the city … um … get assistance in a lot of different ways. We help them get housing, food, shelter …Gian: My company is a management consulting firm. We do education for executives. I make brochures that I send out to many executives throughout the United States. We invite those people to come to our trainings.Kevin: My friends and I founded a smoothie business back in college. We advertise by word of mouth and we also hand out flyers to students on campus.Malinda: The company that I work for employs about thirty people. We do a lot of things so that other people will know the kinds of work that we do. We talk to reporters to try to get articles in the newspaper, and we take lots of photographs.Calum: For my … um … classes I had to study a company. And I chose a company that produces advertisements. The adverts are usually quite complex, but they also have to be easy to remember. David: My friend’s dad’s business is a janitorial service. And businesses call him and he has people come in and clean the building, after hours. The business is successful because he’s a very hard worker.Video Track 4-5-2Gian: My company is a management consulting firm. We do education for executives. I make brochures that I send out to many executives throughout the United States. We invite those people to come to our trainings.Kevin: My friends and I founded a smoothie business back in college. We advertise by word of mouth and we also hand out flyers to students on campus.David: My friend’s dad’s business is a janitorial service. And businesses call him and he has people come in and clea n the building, after hours. The business is successful because he’s a very hard worker.Video Track 4-5-3Takeshi: By the way Mike, thanks a lot for helping me out with this. I can’t believe Tara got sick! And on the day of my first real commercial shoot. Can you believe it?Mike: Don’t worry about it. It’s going to be great … especially since you have a “lovely assistant” like me.Takeshi: Right … there, that should do it. Got your signs?Mike: Check!Takeshi: Ready Mr. Howard? (Mr. Howard nods ) And ro lling … OK … “Furniture Showroom” commercial — take one.Mr. Howard: Hello there! My name is John Howard, president of Furniture Showroom, and I’m here to tell you why we’re one of the most successful furniture stores around. The keys to our success are excellent quality, great design, and affordable prices. And who are these keys for? Why for you —our customers! And that’s why I’m here today to show you some of our premier pieces. Like this sleek and stylish lounge chair. All our loungers are covered in 100% genuine leather, and built with solid steel-frame construction. Take a look at that — talk about well-made. Or take a look at this Super Sleeper Sofa… why it’s one of the most comfortable sofas you’ll ever lay your head on! It’s true! See for yourself! (Mike lies down on sofa ) You know, folks, Furniture Showroom is not one of those flyby- night operations —“here today, gone tomorrow.” Our company was founded in 1982 with only three hard-working employees: my wife, my son, and me. Here at Furniture Showroom, we really pride ourselves in giving you the best product at the right price! So come on down to Furniture Showroom and take a look at our … (interrupted by Mike’s snore)Tara: Hey, what happened to that TV commercial? The one I couldn’t do because I was sick? Takeshi: You mean the one where Mike fell asleep on my first paying client? I just sent in the tape last week. Who … who knows what’ll happen.Mike: Look, I said I was sorry. Plus that couch was really comfortable …Takeshi: (phone rings) Hello? This is. Oh, hello, Mr. Howard! Yeah … uh-huh … OK … great! Thank you!Tara: Well?Takeshi: They loved it. They just booked me for another five commercials! Mr. Howard said that the big guy who fell asleep on the couch was the best part!Mike: Well, you k now what this calls for, don’t you?Takeshi: Yeah … an apology.Mike: No, an encore! (jumps on sofa )Video Track 4-5-4Takeshi: By the way Mike, thanks a lot for helping me out with this. I can’t believe Tara got sick! And on the day of my first real commercial shoot. Can you believe it?Mike: Don’t worry about it. It’s going to be great … especially since you have a “lovely assistant” like me.Takeshi: Right … there, that should do it. Got your signs?Mike: Check!Takeshi: Ready Mr. Howard? (Mr. Howard nods ) And rolling … OK … “Furniture Showroom” commercial — take one.Mr. Howard: Hello there! My name is John Howard, president of Furniture Showroom, and I’m here to tell you why we’re one of the most successful furniture stores around. The keys to our success are excellent quality, great design, and affordable prices. And who are these keys for? Why for you —our customers! And that’s why I’m here today to show you some of our premier pieces. Like this sleek and stylish lounge chair. All our loungers are covered in 100% genuineleather, and built with solid steel-frame construction. Take a look at that — talk about well-made. Or take a look at this Super Sleeper Sofa… why it’s one of the most comfortable sofas you’ll ever lay your head on! It’s true! See for yourself! (Mike lies down on sofa ) You know, folks, Furniture Showroom is not one of those flyby- night operations —“here today, gone tomorrow.” Our company was founded in 1982 with only three hard-working employees: my wife, my son, and me. Here at Furniture Showroom, we really pride ourselves in giving you the best product at the right price! So come on down to Furniture Showroom and take a look at our … (interrupted by Mike’s snore)Video Track 4-5-5Tara: Hey, what happened to that TV commercial? The one I couldn’t do because I was sick? Takeshi: You mean the one where Mike fell asleep on my first paying client? I just sent in the tape last week. Who … who knows what’ll happen.Mike: Look, I said I was sorry. Plus that couch was really comfortabl e …Takeshi: (phone rings ) Hello? This is. Oh, hello, Mr. Howard! Yeah … uh-huh … OK … great! Thank you!Tara: Well?Takeshi: They loved it. They just booked me for another five commercials! Mr. Howard said that the big guy who fell asleep on the couch was the best part!Mike: Well, you know what this calls for, don’t you?Takeshi: Yeah … an apology.Mike: No, an encore! (jumps on sofa )Audio Track 4-5-17Mike was helping Takeshi shoot a TV commercial for a store called Furniture Showroom. The president of Furniture Showroom, Mr. Howard, was starring in the commercial. First Mr. Howard talked about the company, which was founded in 1982. Then Mike helped show off the furniture while Mr. Howard described it and elaborated on how well each piece was made. However, while Mr. Howard was describing one of the sofas, Mike lay down on it and fell asleep!Later, Tara asked Takeshi about the TV commercial that she had failed to help him with. While Takeshi was telling Tara about the commercial, the phone rang and it was Mr. Howard! Mr. Howard said that his company loved the commercial, so they had decided to hire Takeshi to make five more commercials!。
商务英语BEC高级听力文本
商务英语BEC高级听力文本2016商务英语（BEC）高级听力文本2016年下半年BEC高级考试备考时间所剩不多了，大家要抓紧时间备考。
下面是yjbys网店铺提供给大家关于商务英语(BEC)高级听力文本，希望对大家的考试有所帮助。
Price 价格Brief Introduction对外贸易中的商品单价通常由四个部分组成，即计量单位、单位价格、计价货币和价格术语。
国际贸易中使用的价格术语很多，其中以F.O.B、C.I.F、及C.F.R 三种价格术语最为常用。
对于这三种价格术语，国际上有多种解释，现将这三种价格术语扼要解释如下：1.F.O.B 该价格叫装运港船上交货价，简称“船上交货”。
F.O.B 是 Free On Board的缩写。
采用这一价格术语时要在其后注明装运港名称。
2.C.I.F 该价格叫成本加保险费、运费价。
C.I.F是Cost Insurance Freight的缩写。
采用这种价格术语的时候，应在C.I.F后注明目的港名称。
3.C.F.R该价格叫成本加运费价。
采用这种价格术语时，也应在C.F.R后注明目的港名称。
Basic Expressions1. If you can reduce the price by 5%, we shall be able to order 200 metric tons.如果你方能降价百分之五，我们将订购二百公吨。
2. Business is possible if you increase the price by 2%.如果你方提价百分之二，交易才有可能。
3. We are not interested unless your price is reduced to a level in line with the market price.除非你们把价格降到与市场价格相等，否则我们不感兴趣。
4. We have been informed that the current price on your side is much higher than what you say.我们听说你方的现行价比你方所说的要高很多。
英语4级考试真题试卷2020
英语4级考试真题试卷2020一、听力理解（Listening Comprehension）Part 1：News Report（新闻报道）Question 1 - 2.听力原文：（此处插入新闻报道的听力原文内容）题目：1. What is the main idea of this news report?- A. [Option A内容]- B. [Option B内容]- C. [Option C内容]- D. [Option D内容]解析：根据听力原文中的关键信息，如[具体提及的关键信息]，可以判断出答案为[正确选项]。
新闻报道主要围绕[概括主要内容]展开，[错误选项分析]不符合原文所表达的意思。
2. According to the news, what will happen next?- A. [Option A内容]- B. [Option B内容]- C. [Option C内容]- D. [Option D内容]解析：从听力中的[相关表述]可以得知，接下来会发生[正确选项内容]。
[错误选项A]是对原文的错误理解，[错误选项B]与原文信息相悖，[错误选项D]在原文中未提及。
Part 2：Long Conversations（长对话）Question 3 - 4.听力原文：（长对话的听力原文）题目：3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?- A. [Option A内容]- B. [Option B内容]- C. [Option C内容]- D. [Option D内容]解析：在对话中，双方多次提到[与正确选项相关的关键词]，例如[具体例子]，所以答案是[正确选项]。
[错误选项分析]，[错误选项A]只是对话中的一个小细节，并非主要内容；[错误选项B]与对话主题无关；[错误选项D]没有在对话中体现。
4. What does the man think of [特定事物]?- A. [Option A内容]- B. [Option B内容]- C. [Option C内容]- D. [Option D内容]解析：从男士的话语中，如[男士话语中的关键表述]，可以看出他对[特定事物]的看法是[正确选项]。
成熙高级英语听力脚本
Unit 1That’s what friends are for!P22 ConversationA Listen and practice.Chris: Do you have a date for the party yet?Kim: Actually, I don’t ……Do you think you could help me find one?Chris: Hmm. What kind of guys do you like?Kim: Oh, I like guys who aren’t too serious and who have a good sense of humor. You know ... like you.Chris: OK. What else?Kim: Well, I’d prefer someone I have something in common with – who I can talk to easily.Chris: I think I know just the guy for you. Bob Branson. Do you know him?Kim: No, I don’t think so.Chris: Let me arrange for you to meet him, and you can tell me what you think.B Listen to Chris and Kim discussing Bob after Kim met him. How did Kim like him?Chris: So, what’s the Verdict? What did you think of Bob?Kim: Well, I was worried at first especially when I saw that he wears not one buttwo earrings, I thought he might turn out to be one of those guys who are into heavy rock music and stuff like that. You know what I mean?Chris: But he’s just a regular kind of guy, right?Kim: Yeah, we got along really well!Chris: I just knew you’d like him.Kim: Yeah, I do, and he’s really funny. He had me laughing hystericallyduring dinner. I think the people sitting next to us in the restaurant thought we were crazy.Chris: So, are you two going to get together again?Kim: Definitely, in fact, we’re going to a concert tomorrow night.Chris: That’s great.P4Listening What are they like?B Listen to conversations about what the people above are like.Write down two adjectives for each person. How similar were your guesses?1. AndreaA: So, have you seen Andrea lately?B: Yeah, I see her pretty often. We work together at a café latté.A: How’s she doing, I’ve been meaning to call her.B: Well, to be honest! I’ve always thought she’s a little difficult. But these days, I find her impossible.A: What do you mean?B: Oh, you know how she is. She has such strong ideas about everything. If you don’t agree with her she lets you know what she thinks of you.A: Yes, that’s true. But that’s why we love her, right?B: Yeah, I guess so. But she’s changed a lot since she started college.She talked about herself all the time and she always manages to mention how good she is at everything she does.A: Hmm. Maybe I won’t call her after all.2. JamesA: Are you going to James party on Saturday?B: Of course, James always gives the best parties. And there are always lots of interesting new people to meet.A: That’s true. I don’t know where he manages to find them all.B: Well, you know what he’s like. He makes friends very easily. He really likes talking to people, and he loves inviting people over.A: Ur – Ur, he invited me for dinner last Saturday, what a feast!B: Yeah, he’s a great cook too.A: After dinner I offered to help clean up, he told me not to worry about it. He said he’d take care of it in the morning. He was like. It’s nothing, no big deal.B: Yup, that sounds like James.3. Mr. JohnsonA: Have you met the new apartment manager?B: Mr. Johnson? Hmm. Yeah, I met him last week. He’s… a little strange.A: Yeah, he is. I’m not sure I like him. He’s hard to predict. Sometimes he’s pretty cheerful and talkative,and the next day he doesn’t even say hello. I think he must have personal problems or something.B: I think you’re right. And have you noticed that half the time when he says he’s going to do something, he never actually does it? He told me three times he’d come to fix the light in my kitchen, and he still hasn’t done it.Unit 2Career movesA listen and practice.Tracy: Good news! I’ve found a summer job!Mark: That’s great! Anything interesting?T: Yes, working at an amusement park. Doesn’t that sound fantastic?M: Sure, it does.T: So, have you found anything?M: Nothing yet, but I’ve got a couple of leads. One is working as an intern for a record company – mostly answering phones. Or I can get a landscaping job again.T: Being an intern sounds more interesting than landscaping. And it’s probably not as hard!M: Yeah, but a landscaper earns more money than an intern. And you get a great tan!B Listen to the rest of the conversation. What is Tracy going to do at the amusement park?M: So what will you be doing at the amusement park, exactly?T: Actually, I’ll have two jobs. First, I’ll be working at a place called Children’s World.They have all kinds of interesting games and educational activities for young kids. I have to go to a training program for three days before I start to find out how everything works.M: Three days? Wow, the equipment must be pretty high-tech!T: Oh, it is – a lot of computers and interesting devices. It’s just the kind of stuff that kids love.M: Well, it sounds like the perfect job for you. I know how much you live kids. So what’s your other job?T: Well. I’ll also be one of the people who walks around the park greeting people. M: Do you mean you’ll have to dress up in a costume?T: Yes, as a cartoon character! I know, I know. It sounds silly. And it’s certainly not as rewarding as working in Children’s World, but it’s part of the job.CarolsWoman: So where are you working this summer, Carols?Carlos: I’m working as a tutor in a learning center for kids.W: Interesting. What kinds of things do the kids do there?C: They work on subjects they need help in, uh, mainly math and English.W: Is your job hard?C: No, not at all. The kids work on computers most of the time. We have to help them get started and when they run into problems.W: Do you enjoy it?C: Oh, yes. Working with kids is so much more fun than working with adults. And I get to choose my own hours. As long as I work eight hours a day, I can come in at any time from 8 A.M. TO 9 P.M.W: Lucky you!PaulWoman: Paul, did you find a summer job, yet?Paul: Yeah, I’m working in a restaurant.W: Oh, how’s it going?P: Oh, the money’s not bad.W: What are you doing? Are you waiting tables?P: I wish! No. I’m working in the kitchen. I cut up stuff for the chef – vegetables and meat and things.I also wash the dishes.W: Oh, yuck.P: Yeah. It’s pretty hard work. I didn’t realize how hot it is in a restaurant kitchen until I took this job.W: So why don’t you quit?P: I’d love to, but I need the money.JuliaMan: So what kind of job did you find for the summer?Julia: I’m working for a marketing company. I’m doing telephone marketing.M: Oh, so you’re one of those people who drives me crazy by calling me up and trying to persuade me to buy something that I have absolutely no need for.J: Exactly.M: Do you like it?J: Believe it or not, I do. It’s mostly a bunch of students working there, and we have a lot of fun when we’re not making calls. It’s really easy, too, since we just have to read from a script.M: Are you doing this full time?J: Yes, but I work from two in the afternoon until eleven at night, so I get to sleep as late as I want to in the morning.Unit 3Could you do me a favor?P142 ConversationA Listen and practice.Jack: Hi, Rod. This is Jack.Rod: Oh, hi, Jack. What’s up?J: I’m going to my best friend’s wedding this weekend. I’d love to videotape it. Would you mind if I borrowed you video camera?R: Um, yeah. That’s OK, I guess. I don’t think I’ll need it for anything.J: Thanks a million.R: Sure. Have you used a video camera before? It’s pretty easy.J: Yeah, a couple of times. Would it be OK if I picked it up on Friday night?R: Fine. No problem.B Listen to two more telephone calls Jack makes. What else does he want to borrow from friends? Do they agree to lend them to him?1.Andy: Hello.Jacj: Hi, Andy. This is Jack.A: Oh, hi, Jack.J: I was wondering if you could do me a favor.A: That depends.J: Well, I have to go to a wedding this weekend. Would it be OK if I borrowed your navy blue suit?A: Oh, sure. No problem.J: Thanks a lot. I’ll come by and pick it up tonight.A: That’s fine.2.Rose: Rose Rizzo.Jack: Hi, Rose. This is Jack.R: Oh, hello. How are you?J: Pretty good, thanks. Listen, the reason I’m calling is I have a really big favor to ask you.R: Yes?J: Remember I told you about that friend of mine who’s getting married to a woman he met in Barcelona?R: Yeah, I remember. And?J: Well, the wedding’s this Saturday afternoon, and it’s out in the country – about an hour’s drive from here – and I was wondering if I could borrow your car for the afternoon to get there.R: Gee, Jack, I’d really love to help you out, but I’m going to be needing my car all weekend. I’ve got a friend coming in from out of town, and I promised to show her the sights.J: Oh, OK. I understand. Anyway, how are things? I haven’t seen you for ages.R: Oh, pretty good.P165 ListeningA Listen to three telephone conversations. Write down what each caller requests. Does the other person agree to the request? Check (√) Yes or No.1. TinaRobert: Hello?Tina: Hi, Robert. This is Tina.R: Hi, Tina. What’s up?T: Well, actually, I was wondering if you’d mind lending me your camera for a few days. I want to take some photos of my new apartment to send to my folks.R: Sure. You can borrow it.T: Oh, thanks a million.2. MikeMike: Hi, Sandy. This is Mike.Sandy: Oh, hi. How are things with you?M: Pretty good. Listen. I was wondering if I could use your video game system over the weekend.S: You mean my Sony Play Station?M: Yeah. My sister’s asked me to take care of my niece and nephew over the weekend – they’re six and eight –and I thought it would be a great way to keep them busy.S: That’s a good idea – kids that age love video games – but, well, I have bad news: My machine isn’t working.I’ve been meaning to take it in to get fixed, but I haven’t gotten around to it.M: Oh, too bad.S: But you know you can always rent one. Most video stores have machines to rent. You just have to leave a deposit.M: Oh, perfect. I’ll do that. Thanks, Sandy.S: No problem.3. PhilPhil: Hi, Greg. It’s Phil.Greg: Hi. What’s up?P: Not much, but I was wondering if I could ask you for a favor.G: Hmm…maybe. Try me!P: Well, I have to go out of town for a few days next week.G: Uh-huh.P: Could I leave Polly with you while I’m gone?G: Polly? Who’s Polly?P: You know – Polly, my bird.G: Oh, yeah. I forgot, your bird. I don’t know, Phil. I really don’t like birds very much. They’re messy, and they make a lot of noise, and…P: No, not Polly. She’s really a great bird. She’s really clean and very quiet. She won’t bother you – I promise.G: Oh, all right. I’ll do it.P: Thanks. I really appreciate it. I’ll bring her over on Tuesday night.G: OK. But you owe me one!P178 ConversationA Listen and practice.Amy: Hello?Jeff: Hello. May I speak to Sophia, please?A: I’m sorry, she’s not in right now. Would you like to leave a message?J: Yes, please. This is Jeff. Would you tell her that Tony is having a party on Saturday? A: Un-huh.J: And would you ask her if she’d like to go with me?A: All right, Peter. I’ll give her the message.J: No, this is Jeff, not Peter.A: Oh, I’m sorry.J: By the way, who’s Peter?B Listen to Amy talking to Sophia. Who is Peter? Is Sophia going to go to the party with Jeff?Sophia: Hi! I’m home!A: Oh, hi.S: Did anyone call?A: Uh-huh. Your old friend Peter called a few hours ago. He’s going to be in town on Saturday and wants to get together with you Saturday night. He said to call him.S: Oh, super! I haven’t seen Peter in almost a year. Any other calls?A: Uh, yeah. Jeff called. He wants to know if you want to go to Tony’s party with him. S: Oh. When is Tony’s party?A: On Saturday.S: Oh, perfect. That’s the same night I’m going to get together with Peter, so I have an excuse not to go. Even if I weren’t going out with Peter, I wouldn’t go anywhere with Jeff. Oh, he’s such a pain!A: Oh, he didn’t sound so bad. He sounded kind of sweet.S: Yeah, yeah, I guess he is. It’s just that I don’t want to go out with him – and he just doesn’t seem to get the message. Do me a favor. Amy: If he calls again, could you just tell him I’m not home?A: Hmm. OK.Unit 4What a story!P202 Conversation StorytellingA Listen and practice.Jake: What an awful story! A couple was sailing their yacht from Hawaii to Mexico. While they were crossing the Pacific, their boat hit a whale and sank!Anne: Is that true? What happened to the whale?J: It doesn’t say! Oh and here’s another one. A guy in Los Angles was robbing a bank. But as he was escaping, he got caught in the revolving door.A: I guess it was his first bank robbery!J: Yeah. On and listen to this. Some guy got locked out of his house, so he tried to get in through the chimney.A: Don’t tell me! He got stuck in the chimney!J: Exactly. And he was still trying to get out two days later when the police rescued him.1.A man who considered himself a snake charmer was strangled to death on Sunday by a three-and-a-half-meter boa constrictor in a town in Thailand. It seems that the man rushed to see the giant snake after friends told him the serpent was seen beside one of the town’s main roads. The snake charmer put it around his neck; while he and his friends were walking home, the snake strangled him to death.2.Early Tuesday morning in California, two police officers who were pursuing a car thief down Hollywood Boulevard in a high-speed chase were rescued by the thief. During the chase, the officers’ car overturned and fell into a shallow river. The officers couldn’t get out of the car, which was rapidly filling up with water. The thief went back to the scene of the accident and helped rescue the officers. The Hollywood Police Department has decided to drop charges against the thief for saving the officers’ lives.A Listen and practice.Brian: Someone stole my wallet last night!Kate: Oh no! What happened?B: Well, I was working out, and I had put my stuff in my locker, just like I always do. When I came back, someone had stolen my wallet. I guess I’d forgotten to lock the locker.K: I’m sorry. That’s terrible! Did you lose much money?B: Only about $20. But I lost my credit card and my driver’s license. What a pain!B Listen to the rest of the conversation. What did Kate have stolen once? Where was she? What happened?K: Hmm. That reminds me of when I had my purse stolen last year.B: Really? What happened?K: Well, it was when I was in Belgium. I was on my way to the airport, so I was standing on the side of the road with my bags, trying to figure out the bus schedule. Anyway, this a bunch of guys came by and asked if they could help me. They spokevery broken English, and I couldn’t really understand what they were saying. I really just wanted them to leave me alone. Finally, they left and when I looked down, I realized my purse had disappeared. It had my wallet in it with all my traveler’s checks and my money and my credit card. Well, luckily, I had put my airline ticket and my passport in one of my carry-on bags.B: How awful! So what did you do?K: Well, first I screamed at the top of my lungs and tried to run after the guys – but they were long gone. Then – this sounds really corny – I did just what I had seen people do on TV: I called my credit card company.B: Were they helpful?K: They were lifesavers! In no time at all, they’d given me new traveler’s checks and a new credit card, and sent me on my way.Review of Units 1-4P262 Listening Favorite gripesA Listen to two people discussing these topics. Complete the chart.1 Taxi driversA: It really upsets me when taxi drivers drive so fast. I’m always terrified of having an accident.B: That doesn’t really bother me. I like to get where I’m going quickly. But I can’t stand it when they have their radios turned up all the way full blast. You can’t even hear yourself think!2 People with dogsA: I hate it when people take their dogs into a park and let them make messes all over the place. It’s so irresponsible!B: You know what bothers me? I hate it when they go out and leave their dog at home, barking all day.3 TV commercialsA: I can’t stand it when they show the same commercial twice in a row. Why do they do chat? It drives me crazy!B: The thing that bothers me the most is when they interrupt a ball game at the most exciting moment to show some stupid commercial.4 Store clerksA: It really upsets me when store clerks pretend they haven’t noticed you and just stand around chatting to each other. It’s so rude.B: Yeah. Or on the other hand, they give you the hard sell, and try to get you to buy something you don’t really want.Unit 5Crossing cultures10 Listening Unique customsListen to three people describing unique customs they observed while traveling. Complete the chart.1. AliceOne thing that I never really got used to when I was traveling in Asia was the waypeople make noise when they drink soup. I think it’s because t hey want to show that they’re really enjoying their food so they make a loud slurping noise. It always bothered me. I guess it’s because my parents spent years when I was a kid telling me not to make noise while I was eating.2. MarkWhen I lived in Spain, I was surprised at how late people eat in the evening. When you’re invited to dinner, you are asked to come around nine o’clock and you usually don’t start dinner until ten. And people stay terribly late – sometimes until two in the morning or even later. I found it difficult. How does one get up and go to work or school the next day after eating and drinking until three in the morning?3. SusanI lived in the Middle East for a while, and when I went out, I had to obey the local custom of wearing something over my head and wearing a dress that covered my whole body. At first, I found it a real nuisance, but after a while, I got used to it and even started to like it. You feel really secure, and also you don’t have to worry about what to wear all the time.Unit 6What’s wrong with it?P342 Conversation:Listen and practice.Clerk: Can I help you?Helen: Yes, I’d like to return this jacket.C: Is there something the matter with it?H: Yes. I didn’t notice when I bought it, but there are a few pro blems. First, it has a tear in the lining.C: Hmm, actually, it’s torn in several places.H: And some of the buttons are very loose, this one came off, in fact. And there’s a stain on the collar.C: I’m really sorry about this. Would you like to exchang e it for another one?H: Well, to be honest, I don’t think this jacket is very well made. I’d rather get a refund.C: I understand. Do you have the receipt?P364 Listening Fair exchange?Listen to three customers returning items they purchased. Complete the chart.1.C: Can I help you?M: Yes, I bought this briefcase here last week, but there’s something wrong with the lock. I can’t get it to close properly.C: Let me see. Yes, I see what you mean. The lock seems to be jammed or something. No prob lem. I’ll get you another one. Sorry about that.2.W: Hi.C: Yes?W: I wonder if you could take a look at these shoes I bought here. They’re pretty new, but they seem to be falling apart.C: Hmm. Let me see. Yes, this doesn’t look right. The stitchin g is coming out. How long did you say you’ve had them?W: Only about a month. Here’s the receipt.C: Hmm…yes. Well, let me exchange these for you. I’m sorry for the inconvenience.3.M: Excuse me.C: Yes, how can I help you?M: You see this shirt? I bought it here a few weeks ago, but the first time I washed it, the color changed: It went from bright red to light pink.C: How did you wash it?M: Well, I just tossed it into the washing machine with my other clothes.C: What temperature did you use?M: I usually wash my clothes in hot water, so I guess hot.C: Well, did you check the washing instructions?M: Um…maybe not.C: Well, you see here on this label? It says, “Wash in cold water only.”M: Um-hmm.C: So I’m really sorry, but since you didn’t follow the washing instructions, I can’t really do anything for you.Unit 7The word we live inP402 ConversationA Listen and practice.Andy: Excuse me. Would you like to make a contribution to Greener World? Carla: Sure. What are you working on right now?A: Well, we’re developing educational programs for schools. We want to show children how the oceans are being polluted by industrial waste. And we want to tell them about how fish supplies have been depleted through overfishing.C: I think what you’re doing is terrific. I wish I could do more to help.A: So, have you ever thought about becoming a member of Greener World?C: No, but tell me a little more about it.B Listen to the rest of the conversation. What else has Greener World accomplished in their city?A: We’ve been active in this area for almost five years now. Are you aware of some of our other local projects?C: No, I don’t think I am.A: Well, one of the things we’ve been doing is planting trees. We have a group of volunteers involved in several tree-planting projects in different parts of the city. We’re trying to get as many trees planted as possible to help clean the air and also to help lower the temperature during the summer.C: That sounds smart.A: Uh-huh. We’ve also placed over 50 recycling bins around the city so that people can drop off things for recycling – cans, bottles, plastic bags, and newspapers. Last year we raised over $100,000 through recycling.C: That’s fantastic. I’d love to get involved in Greener Wor ld. Where do I sign?P425 Listening: Environmental solutionsA Listen to three people describing how come serious environmental problems are being solved. Write down the problem each one talks about.1. Jenny:J: You know, I’ve been reading a lot abo ut the problem of landfills – and it really has me worried.M: Why?J: Well, it seems that the easiest way of disposing of trash is by burying it in landfills. The problem is that in many countries the landfills have already been filled up, and it’s hard to find places to start new ones. No one wants a huge landfill anywhere near their neighborhood.M: So what’s the solution?J: Well, there is no easy solution. But many cities are trying to do more recycling so that they can reduce the amount of stuff that goes into the landfills.2. Adam:W: I can’t believe it’s become dangerous to get a suntan. What is this world coming to?A: Well, the sun has never been good for you, but it’s really dangerous now. You see, the ozonosphere, which helps protect us f rom the sun’s ultraviolet rays, has been damaged by pollution in the air. When the ozone layer gets too thin, it can cause an increase in skin cancer and other problems.W: But is there anything we can do to solve the problem?A: Sure. One of the biggest threats to the ozone layer is cars – the exhaust gases from cars. The best way to save the ozone layer is to drive less. So in many places, people are being asked to carpool.3. Kate:K: You know, you always hear about air pollution, but not many people are aware of the problem of water pollution.M: You mean in the oceans?K: No. I mean polluted drinking water. It’s a problem in almost every major city in the world. Almost all our rivers and lakes – where we get our drinking water from –are being polluted in some way by businesses farms, homes, industries, and other sources. And even though the water most of us drink is treated, it’s still not 100 percent pure.M: So what’s the solution?K: Well, it’s a complicated problem to solve, but basically what’s involved is treating all waste products more carefully so that dangerous chemicals and bacteria don’t get into our water supply.P43ConversationA Listen and practice.Andy: You know, there’s a factory outside town that’s pumping chemicals into t he river.Carla: How can they do that? Isn’t that against the law?A: Yes, it is. But a lot of companies ignore those laws.C: That’s terrible! What can Greener World do?A: Well, on thing to do about it is to talk to the management.C: What if that d oesn’t work?A: Well, then another way to stop them is to get a TV station to run a story on it.C: Yes! Companies hate bad publicity. By the way, what’s the name of this company? A: It’s called Apex Industries.C: Oh no! My uncle is one of their top executives!C Listen to the rest of the conversation. What do Andy and Carla decide to do? Carla: Wait a minute, Before Greener World does anything, shouldn’t we make sure that we’ve got our facts straight?Andy: Absolutely. The best thing to do is to monitor the situation over the next several weeks to see what exactly is happening.C: How do we do that?A: Well, we can take pictures of the river and even take water samples to see how had the situation is.C: OK. And maybe I could talk to my uncle about it.A: Oh, no, I don’t think that’s a good idea. Not yet, anyway.C: Why not?A: I don’t think we want to say anything to anyone until we have a clearer picture of what is going on. After we’ve monitored the situation for a while, then we can decide whether we need to have a meeting with a representative of the company to tell them what we’ve discovered. OK, Carla?C: OK.Unit 8Learning to learnP462 ConversationA Listen and practice.Paula: Do you want to take a class with me at the community college?Jason: Maybe. What are they offering?P: Well, here’s the course catalog. Take a look.J: Hmm. They’ve got a lot of language classes – Chinese, German, Japanese. Would you rather learn an Asian language or a European one?P: Um, actually, I think I’d rather take an art class. They have one on landscape photography and another on making videos.J: That sounds OK. But I think I’d prefer studying video to learning about photography.P: OH, wait. It says here that you need to provide your own video equipment.J: Oh, I’d rather not spend a lot of money. Let’s see what else they’re offering.B Listen to the rest of the conversation. What course do they decide to take? Why?Paula: Hmm. Hey, this sounds kind of interesting: the art of bonsai.J ason: What’s bonsai?P: You know, those miniature trees they grow in little tubs. It says here that they have a course on how to grow them, and on how to develop a business selling bonsais. Apparently, you can sell them for up to $500 apiece.J: Really? Wow! That does sound good. We could learn how to grow them and then maybe set up a little business.P: Yeah. We could do it out at my dad’s place. He has lots of room to grow things in his garden.J: Is the course expensive? Do you have to buy any special equipment?P: It says no special equipment is required except plant containers and some young trees.J: Let’s check it out, then.P48Listening:A Listen to three people talking about the part-time courses they took recently. Complete the chart.1. LindaM: So, Linda, what have you been doing with yourself?L: Not much. Oh, wait! That’s not true. I took this great dancing course last semester. M: Oh, yeah! What kind of dancing?L: We learned tap dancing and square dancing.M: Wait……why on earth would you want to learn tap dancing and square dancing? It sounds exhausting.L: Oh, just for fun. You should try taking the course. You’ll see that you learn more than just dancing. You also learn how to be more confident and how to interact better with other people.M: Hmm. I think with all that hopping around I’d be too exhausted to interact with anyone.2. RichW: So, how did you enjoy your cooking course?R: It was great.W: What kinds of things did you learn to cook?R: Well, it was a course on vegetarian cooking.W: I didn’t know you were a vegetarian.R: Oh, I’m not. But a lot of people are these days. So I thought it would be useful to know how to make some interesting dishes without meat for times when I invite friends over for dinner.W: Hmm. Well, I guess that makes sense.R: Oh, but we learned more than just cooking. They also taught us all kinds of useful。
英语高级听力1-12课听力原文
Lesson 5The House began debate today on a three-year bill to combat trafficking and use of illegal drugs. The measure has the support of most representatives and House Speaker Thomas O'Neill says he expects it to pass by tomorrow. Among other things, the bill would increase penalties for violators, provide money to increase drug enforcement and coast guard personnel, and require drug producing countries to establish eradication programs as a condition of US support for development loans.A cultural exchange between the US and the Soviet Union may face an American boycott unless US News and World Report correspondent, Nicholas Daniloff, is freed from a Moscow jail. An American style town meeting is scheduled to take place in Latvia next week, but the two hundred seventy Americans due to take part say they won't go if Daniloff remains in jail. They add the decision is a personal one and is not being made by the Reagan Administration in retaliation for the Daniloff detention.Egyptian and Israeli negotiators have reached agreement on resolving the Taba border dispute, clearing the way for a summit between the two countries to begin tomorrow. Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres will meet in Alexandria. Details of the Taba agreement have not been made available.The United States House of Representatives is debating an omnibus drug bill and expects to pass the measure tomorrow. Though the bill has attracted strong bipartisan support, NPR's Cokey Roberts reports the debate on the issue points up the differences between political parties.When Congress returned from the Fourth of July recess, House Speaker Tip O'Neill said there was only one thing members were talking about in the cloak-room: drugs. The Democrats quickly pulled together chairmen from twelve different committees to draft a drug package. Then, stung by criticism that they were acting in a partisan fashion, the Democratic leaders invited the Republicans to join them in the newly declared war on drugs. So, when the bill came to the House floor today, the party leaders led off debate. Texas Democrat Jim Wright."It's time to declare an all-out war, to mobilize our forces, public and private, national and local, in a total coordinated assault upon this menace, which is draining our economy of some two hundred and thirty billion dollars this year, slowly rotting away the fabric of our society, seducing and killing our young. That it will take money is hardly debatable. We can't fight artillery with spitballs."The question of just how much money this measure will cost has not been answered to the satisfaction of all members. Democrats say it's one and half billion dollars over three years, with almost seven hundred thousand for next year. Republicans claim the price tag will run higher and are trying to emphasize other aspects of the drug battle, aspects which they think play better in Republican campaigns. Minority leader Robert Michel."The ultimate cure for the drug epidemic must come from within the heart of each individual faced with the temptation of taking drugs. It is ultimately a problem of character, of will power, of family and community, and concern, and personal pride."Among other items, the bill before the House increases penalties for most drug related crimes, sets the minimum jail term of twenty years for drug trafficking and manufacturing, authorizes money for the drug enforcement administration and prison construction, beefsup the ability of the coast guard and customs service to stop drugs coming into this country, and creates programs for drug education. The various sections of the measure give House members ample opportunity to speak on an issue where they want their voices heard. Maryland Democratic Barbara McCulsky was nominated for the Senate yesterday. Today, she spoke to the part of the bill which funds drug eradication programs in foreign countries."When we fought yellow fever, we didn't go at it one mosquito at a time. We went right to the swamp. That's what the Foreign Affairs section of this legislation will do. It will go to the swamps, or where cocaine is either grown, refined, or manufactured."Republican Henson Moore is running for the Senate in Louisiana. He spoke to the part of the drug bill which changes the trade laws for countries which deal in drugs."We're moving to stop something; it's absolutely idiotic. It needs to be stopped: this situation of where a country can sell legally to us on the one hand and illegally to us under the table, selling drugs in this country poisoning our young people and our population." Today in China, in Nanjing, balloons, firecrackers and lion dancers mark the dedication of the Johns Hopkins University—Nanjing University Center for Chinese and American Studies. For the first time since World War II, Chinese and American students will attend a graduate institution in China that is administered jointly by academic organizations that are worlds apart figuratively and literally. NPR's Susan Stanberg reports.Cross-cultural encounters can be extremely enriching; cross-cultural encounters can be utterly absurd."Let's see. That would be eighty-seven. So, ... ba-shi-qi-nian-qian, ... let's see, ... equal ... proposition equal, ..."Here's what that American was trying to say in Chinese."Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation ... a new nation conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal."Now you don't have to be dealing with classic American oratory to run into problems. In planning for the Center for Chinese and American Studies, there was much debate as to whether the new auditorium on the Nanjing campus should have a flat or sloped floor. If the floor were flat, the auditorium could be used for dances, for parties, but a sloped floor would be better for listening, for viewing films and slides."The argument finally won out that for practical reasons a flat floor would be best because it ... it really would make it a multi-purpose room. You wouldn't have to fix the furniture." Stephen Muller is President of Johns Hopkins University, the US end of this Sino-American joint venture in learning."So, a flat floor was built. Only the Chinese in building it finally ended up with a flat floor but at two different levels, one higher than the other. So, if you want to use it for dances, you either have to have very short women with very tall men or vice versa."Twenty-four Americans and thirty-six Chinese of mixed heights are the first students at the Hopkins-Nanjing Center. Nanjing used to be Nanking, by the way, back in the days when Beijing was Peking. The Americans will take classes in Chinese history, economics, trade, politics, all from Chinese faculty. The Chinese will study the US with American university professors. Johns Hopkins President Stephen Muller says this is advanced study work. Allthe Chinese students are proficient in English; all the Americans have master's degrees plus fluency in Chinese."The twenty-four Americans come from about eighteen colleges and universities. No one institution in this country produces that many people of this character; so that's a beginning. Nanjing is not the place; the Center is not the place to go, if you want a doctorate in Chinese history or Chinese language or Chinese literature or whatever. This is a pre-professional program."Which means the men and women who spend the year at the Nanjing Center will end up as diplomats or business people in one another's country."Our hope is that the Americans, to speak about those, who are going to be incidentally rooming with Chinese roommates, which is a very interesting thing the Chinese agree to, that the Americans will not only bring a year of living in China, a year of having studied with Chinese faculty and hearing the Chinese view of Chinese foreign policy in economics and so on, that they will also have the kind of friends among Chinese roughly their age who are going to be dealing with the United States. That will slowly, over the years, create a real network, if you will, if people who, because they've had this common experience, can deal with each other very easily and, you know, be kind of a rallying point—an old boy, old girl network, as it were."Hopkins President Muller admits that a simple exchange program—Chinese students coming to the US, and American students going to China—would involve far fewer headaches than running jointly an academic institution on foreign soil. Plus the success of the Hopkins-Nanjing Center depends on undependables, like continuing sweet Sino-American relations and being able to attract funding. And there's this wrinkle." "Some of the people who will study there, without any question, will probably come from or afterwards enter the intelligence community. That it's really desirable that people who do that have that kind of background. We're very honest about that, but it's so easy to denounce the whole thing as an espionage center, or something. You know, there's a lot of fragility in this thing."Stephen Muller is President of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. The Hopkins-Nanjing University Center for Chinese and American Studies was dedicated today in China. I'm Susan Stanberg."How do you say good luck in Chinese?""Don't know. I don't know Chinese.""You'd better learn.""That's a phrase I should know. Yes."Lesson 6The Senate has voted to override President Reagan's veto of sanctions against South Africa by a decisive seventy-eight to twenty-one. As the House has already voted to override, the sanctions now become law. NPR's Linda Wertheimer reports. "American civil rights leaders, including Mrs. Caretta Scott King, watched the Senate debate from the Senate family gallery as members argued not so much about sanctions and the efficacy of sanctions, more about the choice between affirming the bill already passed by congress or supporting the President."American food aid to southern African countries could be cut off if South Africa carries outits threat to ban imports of US grain. Foreign Minister Pic Botha said if US sanctions were imposed, his government would stop imports and would not allow its transport service to carry US grain to neighboring countries.The White House today denied that it planted misleading stories in the American news media as part of a plan to topple Libyan leader Muammar Quddafi. The Washington Post reported this morning that stories were leaked this summer alleging Quddafi was resuming his support for terrorist activities, even though National Security Adviser John Poindexter knew otherwise. Today, White House spokesman Larry Speakes said Poindexter denied the administration had involved the media in an anti-Quddafi campaign but Speakes left open the possibility a disinformation campaign was conducted in other countries.The question in Washington today is this: Did the federal government try to scare Libya's Colonel Muammar Quddafi in August by way of a disinformation campaign in the American media? The Washington Post Bob Woodward reports today that there was an elaborate disinformation program set up by the White House to convince Quddafi that the United States was about to attack again, or that he might be ousted in a coup. The White House today denies that officials tried to mislead Quddafi by using the American media. NPR's Bill Busenburg has our first report on the controversy.The story starts on August 25th when the Wall Street Journal ran a front page story saying that Libya and the United States were once again on a collision course. Quoting multiple official sources, the paper said Quddafi was plotting new terrorist attacks and the Reagan Administration was preparing to teach him another lesson. The Journal reported that the Pentagon was completing plans for a new and wider bombing of Libya in case the President ordered it.That story caused a flurry of press attention. Officials in Washington and at the western White House in California were asked if it was true. "The story was authoritative," said the White House spokesman Larry Speakes. Based on that official confirmation, other news organizations, including the New York Times , the Washington Post , NPR and the major TV networks, all ran stories suggesting Libya should watch out. US naval maneuvers then taking place in the Mediterranean might be used as a cover for more attacks on Libya as in the past.Today's Washington Post , however, quotes from an August 14th secret White House plan, adopted eleven days before the Wall Street Journal story. It was outlined in a memo written by the President's National Security Advisor John Poindexter. That plan called for a strategy of real and illusory events, using a disinformation program to make Quddafi think the United States was about to move against him militarily. Here are some examples the Post cites, suggesting disinformation was used domestically: Number one, while some US officials told the press Quddafi was stepping up his terrorist plans, President Reagan was being told in a memo that Quddafi was temporarily quiescent, in other words, that he wasn't active. Number two, while some officials were telling the press of internal infighting in Libya to oust Quddafi, US officials really believed he was firmly in power and that CIA's efforts to oust him were not working. Number three, while officials were telling the press the Pentagon was planning new attacks, in fact nothing new was being done. Existing contingency plans were several months old, and the naval maneuvers were justmaneuvers. The Post says this policy of deception was approved at a National Security Planning Group meeting chaired by President Reagan and his top aides.Two new studies were published today on the links between television coverage of suicide and subsequent teenage suicide rates. The New England Journal of Medicine reports that both studies suggest that some teenagers might be more likely to take their own lives after seeing TV programs dealing with suicide. NPR's Lorie Garrett reports. The first suicide study, done by a team from the University of California in San Diego, examines television news coverage of suicides. David Philips and Lundy Carseson looked at forty-five suicide stories carried on network news-casts between 1973 and '79. The researchers then compared the incidence of teen suicides in those years to the dates of broadcast of these stories. David Philips says news coverage of suicides definitely prompted an increase in the number of teens in America who took their lives."The more TV programs that carry a story, the greater they increase in teen suicides just afterwards."The suicide increase among teens was compared by Philips to adult suicide trends. "The teen suicides go up by about 2.91 teen suicides per story. And adult suicides go up by, I think, around two adult suicides per story. The increase for teens, the percentage increase for teens is very, very much larger than the percentage increase for adults. It's about, I think, fourteen or fifteen times as big a response for teens percentagewise as it is for adults."The TV news coverage appears to have prompted a greater increase than is seen around other well-known periods of adolescent depression, such as holidays, personal birthdays, the start of school and winter. Philips could not find any specific types of stories that seem to trigger a greater response among depressed teens. Philips says it seems to simply be the word "suicide" and the knowledge that somebody actively executed the act that pushes buttons in depressed teenagers. Psychiatrists call this "imitative behavior." "What my study showed was that there seems to be imitation not only of relatively bland behavior like dress, dressing or hairstyles, but there seems to be imitation of really quite deviant behavior as well. The teenagers imitate apparently across the board, not just suicides, but everything else as well."In a separate study, Madeline Gould and David Shaeffer of Columbia University found that made-for-television movies about suicide also stimulated imitative behavior. Even though the movies were intended to portray the problem of teen suicide and offered, in some cases, suicide hot line numbers and advice on counselling, the team believes the four network movies prompted eighty teen suicides. One of the made-for-TV movies examined by the Columbia University team was a CBS production. George Schweitzer, a CBS's Vice President, is well aware of this research. He says, "It is terribly unfortunate that any teens took their lives after the broadcast, but if they had it to do over," says Schweitzer, "CBS would still run the movie.""Studies like these do not measure the most, what we think is the most important thing, which I don't think can be measured, and that is the hundreds and hundreds and probably thousands of teenagers who were positively moved by these kinds of broadcasts." Moved to call suicide hot lines, moved to seek counseling, and moved to discuss their depressions with family members. Schweitzer does not dispute today's studies: someteens may moved to suicide."But ignoring the issue for fear of that, I think, would be far more disastrous than addressing important social issues to help create awareness and again to have a positive effect."But researcher David Philips suggests the media could decrease the teen suicide problem by avoiding some suicide stories all together and changing the way the others are covered. For example, says Philips, "Don't make suicide seem heroic." He cites the story of a young Czechoslovakian dissident who set himself on fire. But the dissident action was taken to draw attention to government repression in Czechoslovakia. Should the news media really have ignored such a story? "I think it's a really difficult question. There are all these goods on all sides of the issue. And thank God, I don't have to be the one to disentangle that issue."One prominent expert in this field said the young people moved to take their lives, following a news story or movie, are particularly vulnerable, suicidal individuals. In the absence of television stories, some other events in their lives might well have triggered their actions. So while most psychiatrists agree there is an imitative component to teenage suicides, that tendency, they say, should not lead society to repress information. On the contrary, some say we are now facing a major epidemic of adolescent suicide in America. We must publicize and confront the problem. Last year some fifty-five hundred adolescents between fifteen and twenty-four years of age took their lives. At least ten times that tried. Some estimates are that 275 thousand teens attempted suicide last year. The rate of teenage suicide in America has tripled since 1955.Lesson 7Both House and Senate negotiators today approved sweeping immigration legislation that could grant amnesty to millions of illegal aliens who entered the country before 1982. The bill, as worked out in five hours of closed-door negotiations, would establish a system of fines against employers who hire illegal immigrants. It would also make those who came to the US illegally but have established roots in this country eligible for amnesty.The Supreme Court today agreed to decide if Illinois can require minors wanting abortions to notify their parents or obtain judicial consent. The justices will review the decision striking down a 1983 law, which required some girls to wait twenty-four hours after telling their parents they wanted an abortion.It was announced today that the winner of this year's Noble Peace Prize is Elie Wiesel. He has written twenty-five books on his experiences in a Nazi prison of war camp and on the Holocaust. And he's been a human rights activist for thirty years. NPR's Mike Shuster reports. "Wiesel was sleeping in his Manhattan apartment when he received the word at five o'clock this morning from the Nobel Committee in Oslo, Norway. Wiesel said he was flabbergasted at the news, and later at a press conference, he said he would dedicate his Prize to the survivors of the Holocaust and their children. "The honor is not mine alone. It belongs to all the survivors who have tried to do something with their pain, with their memory, with their silence, with their life." Wiesel, fifty-eight, is a native of Rumania. As a teenager, he and his family were sent to a Nazi death camp. He and two sisters survived; his mother, father, and younger sister did not. After the War, Wiesel went first to France, then to the United States. He is credited with the first use of the word 'Holocaust' todescribe the Nazi extermination of the Jews."A House-Senate Conference Committee has agreed to an immigration reform bill. The measure, which had died in the final days of the last two Congresses, now looks as though it will become law. NPR's Cokie Roberts reports.One of the chief advocates of the immigration bill, New York Democrat Charles Schumer, says that this year immigration became a white hat issue, that the forces fighting against the measures finally had a force on the opposite side of equal rate public opinion. The opponents of immigration reform have always been many: Hispanics in Congress and in the country have opposed the part of the bill most lawmakers consider key—punishment for employers who knowingly hire illegals. The measure, passed at a conference today, would provide civil penalties and criminal penalties for those who repeatedly hire illegal aliens. Hispanics worry the employer sanctions would cause discrimination against anyone with an accent or Spanish name, whether legal or not. The new bill includes strong anti-discrimination language for employers who do refuse to hire any Hispanics while still allowing someone to hire a citizen before an alien. To appease Hispanics and others, the immigration bill includes amnesty for aliens who have been in this country for five years. Many border state representatives fought against the legalization provisions, saying that millions of people could eventually become citizens and bring their relatives to this country. All those people could bankrupt the state's social services, said the representatives, but the idea of deporting all of those people seemed impractical as well as inhumane to most members of Congress. And aliens who came to this country before 1982 will be able to apply for legalization. The other major controversial area of the immigration bill is the farm worker program. Agricultural interests wanted to be able to bring workers into this country to harvest crops without being subjected to employer sanctions, but the trade unions opposed this section of the bill. Finally, a compromise was reached where up to three hundred and fifty thousand farm workers could come into this country, but their rights would be protected and they would also be able to apply for legalization if they met certain conditions. The elements of the final immigration package have been there all along, but this year, say the key lawmakers around this legislation, the Congress was ready to act on them. The combination of horror stories about people coming over the borders and editorials about congressional inability to act made members of Congress decide the time had come to enact immigration reform. But supporters of reform warn the end is not here yet. The conference report must still pass both houses of Congress, and a Senate filibuster is always a possibility. I'm Cokie Roberts at the Capitol. Many photography shops are quite busy this time of the year. People back from vacation are dropping off rolls of film and hoping for the best. But commentator Tom Baudet learned a long time ago he was better off not hoping.I've been told that I take lousy pictures. It's not that my shots aren't technically OK; it's just that my pictures seem to bring out the worst in people. I hope that's not a sign of something. I usually end up throwing half the pictures I take. It's not that they're deceiving. Not at all; they're just too honest. It's true what they say that a camera never lies, but you certainly can lie to a camera. We do it all the time; at least we exaggerate a little to a lens. The first thing you'll usually hear when you point a camera at someone is, "Wait, I'm not ready." Well, so you wait while they brush the crumbs off their chin, put out a cigarette, orthrow an arm around the person next to them like they've been standing that way all day. Well, you get your picture, but it's blown all out of proportion. Everybody's having a little more fun than they really were and liking each other more than they actually do. We're all guilty of this one time or another. You're with your sweetheart travelling somewhere. You've been walking and complaining about the price of the room, the blister on your heel and the rude waitress at the cafe. But then, you stop somebody on the street, hand them your camera, and put on your very best having-a-wonderful-time smile. Well, ten years later you'll look at that picture in a scrapbook and remember what a great trip it was, whether it was or not. For it's natural thing to do: plant little seeds of contentment in our lives in case we doubt we ever had any. Well, it's good practice to take an opportunity to mug up to a camera. There never seems to be a camera around for the real special times: that make-up embrace after a long and dangerous discussion, the look on your face as you hold the phone and hear you got that promotion, the quiet ride home from the hospital after learning those suspicious lumps were benign and something to watch but not worry about. Those are the memories that should be preserved, to be remembered and relied upon when harder times take hold. Those times when a photographer like me will catch you at a party with a loneliness on your face that you didn't think would show or bitterness tugging at your lips during a conversation you didn't intend to be overheard. Well, we all slip up like this sometimes, and sooner or later we get caught with our guards down. I think that's why I end up with pictures like that, I like it when people leave their guards down. We all know our best sides, and it's nice to keep that face forward whenever we can. But I don't mind having pictures of the other sides. Either way they all look just like people to me.Writer Tom Baudet. He lives in Homer, Alaska.Lesson 8Two years of sensitive negotiations paid off today as seventy former Cuban political prisoners arrived in the United States. All of the prisoners had served least ten years in Cuban jails, and some had been in prison since Fidel Castro came to power in 1959. The release was arranged in part by French underwater explorer, Jacques Cousteau, and a delegation of American Roman Catholic bishops.President Reagan today unveiled plans for nine hundred million dollar plan to reduce drug abuse in the United States. It includes half a billion dollars for stepping up drug enforcement along US borders, especially in the southwest. The plan also calls for mandatory drug testing for some federal workers. NPR's Brenda Wilson reports. "As part of his national crusade against drugs, President Reagan signed an executive order today requiring federal workers in sensitive positions to undergo drug tests. The order covers employees who have access to classified information, presidentially appointed officials, law enforcement officials, and any federal worker engaged in activities which affect public health and safety or national security. But heads of government agencies may order additional workers to take the test. Federal employees who are found to have continued to use illegal drugs after a second test will be automatically fired. The overall rug testing program is expected to cost fifty-six million dollars, but administration officials could not get even a ballpark figure of how many workers may be included in the mandatory program. I'm Brenda Wilson."。
英语高级听力试题及答案
英语高级听力试题及答案一、听对话回答问题（共10题，每题2分，共20分）1. What is the man's main purpose for visiting the woman?A. To borrow some books.B. To return some books.C. To discuss a project.2. Why does the woman refuse the man's invitation to the cinema?A. She has to work overtime.B. She is not interested in the movie.C. She has already seen it.3. What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Take a rest.B. Go to the doctor.C. Finish his work first.4. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Colleagues.B. Friends.C. Teacher and student.5. What is the man's opinion about the restaurant?A. It's too expensive.B. It's very popular.C. It's not worth the wait.二、听短文填空（共5题，每题2分，共10分）6. The lecture on _______ will be held in Room 101.7. The library will close at _______ on Sundays.8. The student union is organizing a _______ trip this summer.9. The deadline for submitting the application is _______.10. The professor's office hours are from _______ to 5:00 PM.三、听短文回答问题（共5题，每题2分，共10分）11. What is the main topic of the lecture?A. Environmental protection.B. Renewable energy.C. Climate change.12. How many countries does the speaker mention?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.13. What is the main reason for the increase in global temperature?A. Deforestation.B. Greenhouse gas emissions.C. Urbanization.14. What does the speaker suggest people do to reduce carbon footprint?A. Use public transportation.B. Plant more trees.C. Recycle more.15. What is the purpose of the speaker's speech?A. To raise awareness.B. To promote a new policy.C. To encourage research.四、听长对话回答问题（共10题，每题2分，共20分）16. Where did the speakers meet for the first time?A. At a party.B. At a conference.C. At a restaurant.17. What is the woman's job?A. A teacher.B. A writer.C. A journalist.18. What is the man's opinion about the woman's new book?A. It's very informative.B. It's quite controversial.C. It's very inspiring.19. What does the woman suggest they do next?A. Go to a movie.B. Have dinner together.C. Visit an art exhibition.20. Why does the man agree to meet the woman again?A. Because he enjoyed the conversation.B. Because he wants to buy her book.C. Because he needs an interview.五、听长对话填空（共5题，每题2分，共10分）21. The woman is going to _______ for her vacation.22. The man thinks the weather in _______ is unpredictable.23. The woman is worried about the _______ in the area.24. The man recommends _______ as a good travel guide.25. The woman decides to _______ before making a decision.六、听长对话回答问题（共5题，每题2分，共10分）26. What is the main reason for the man's visit to the city?A. To attend a conference.B. To visit his family.C. To do some sightseeing.27. How long does the man plan to stay?A. For a week.B. For a month.C. For three months.28. What does the woman offer to do for the man?A. Show him around the city.B. Help him find a hotel.C. Cook him a local dish.29. What is the man's opinion about the city?A. It's very modern.B. It's quite traditional.C. It's very crowded.30. What does the woman suggest they do next time?A. Go to a concert.B. Visit a museum.C. Try a new restaurant.答案：一、1-5：BACCB二、6-10：Environmental Science, 8:00 PM, hiking, March 15th, 2:00 PM三、11-15：BBBAA四、16-20：CBABC五、21-25：Hawaii, Hawaii, safety, Lonely Planet, research online六、26-30：CACCB。
英语高级听力答案
Lesson 1Section one News item1 A. b, c, dB. 1c, 2d, 3b, 4aNews item 2A. bB. running behindNews item 3A. d,B. 1.president, had died in a plane crash2. Ruling, 1303. Foreign Minster, 474. Portugal, 19755. Prime Minister, 9, transitional Section two A. FTFFFB. C, C, B, A, D, B, C, BC. 52, hospital director, married,good,US Air Force Hospital,Wiesbaden,W.Germa ny,thismoring,undertermined,U.S.A D. 1.precisely,freedom2.take up,reporters,six-mile jog3.evaluation,had coped extremely well4.evidence, tortured,physically abused Section three Chinese thoughtt mao tsetong as a very good p oet,according to the speaker.2.poetry was considered abysmal because of the restriction of publication during the ten year s of the cultural revolution.3.leaders in china,as well as in the east,are e xpected to be accomplished poets.4.it is about getting rid of a disease that was a plague i n china.5.willis barnstone is a professor of comparative literature at Indiana university in Bloomington.6.mao’s poetry was interesting because he was a revol utionary and his personal poetry was the history of china. B.FToriginal master,most important poets 2.the revol ution,the red army,nature3.dismiss his poetry as simply the work of a m an who achieved fame elsewhere.Lesson two Section one News item 1A.four other americans were jailed,five daysformer united states national security advisor.2.they were disguised as aircraft crewmen.3.a b ible signed by president reagan and a cake4.they were designed for improving the relationsbetween the two countries. News item 2A.hostage david jacobsen was freed,negotiations,theunited states,iran2.the next twenty-four hours,returning to,negotiate the release of more hostagesNews item 3reunited with his family municate with people B.needs,to communicateNeedn't,have follow up medical care News item 4A.which party will control the senateB.Membes,one hundredth,senators,us house of represe ntativesSection twoby president reagan,a key-shaped,the symbol,the hope of reopening,relations,a hotel,deported,not tomeet them,receive their message2.former security advisor,political commentator,npr' s morning editionfriends,the hostage takers,israel frees lebanese prisoners,end their hostility,security,a tape of telephone conversation,the american president,his envoys,a sign of washington's helplessness2.seventh,the seizure of the us embassyC.confirm,deny,jeopardize,to release the hostagesSection threeleadership2.stonegate community near charleston ,west virgin ia.3.Because they had beaten their son to deat h4.Because she had been found guilty of conspirac y in the death of the child B.stewart, leslie ,joeyJohn,dorothy, , danny C.badca circumstances of the death of the child would be covered up 2.the death would be called an accident young,farming,construction work,rana restaurant,intention,less,commune,more,community,s eparate houses2.mclellan's teaching,influence,testified,four-hour,do rothy mclellan's grandson,two weeks before3.Taking in,were having trouble,drugsLesson threeNews item 1is pulling out of south Africa. 2.its south African holdings3.the political and economic situation in sou th Africa.4.they praised this decision.5.1,500b.spokesman,today,corporate involvement,progressive f orce,apartheid,reduce us private sectorc.have har mful effects on black workers injure the sou th African economylimit the extent of us influence in south A fricanews item twoa. demonstration ,south African;offices&us embassy ,harate,Zimbabwe,blackb. 1.a thousand2.more than fiftysouth African complicity in the plane crash th at killed Mozambique president machel in south A fricanb.blaming Malawi for supporting the Pretoria –backed insurgents that are attacking Mozambique 4 .calm5.prime minister Mugabe6.londonNews item threea. west german chancellorabout one hourat the white house todayhis support for the president’s sdi programb. president Reagan met for about an hour today with west german chancellor helmut kohlat the white house who expressed support for th e president’s sdi program.Section twoa. bcdabcbabsection threea.a group of business leadersbostonalmost 20 yearsto expand a college scholarship program for any eligible boston high school grad uates to supply a permanent 500 d ollar endowment fundto hire any of the students who go on to complete their college education b.20 years agowork internships and later an endowment program more than 1 million dollarsa multi-million-dollar scholarship programto enable the city’s poorest kids to go on to college and to job s afterward acess,action center for education ser vices and scholarships no.only those eligible graduates around 500 dollars 100 studentsmechanics’2.in wentworth institute of technology in bos ton3.next year4.the grant from the acessprogramThe state scholarshipWhat he earned from his work over the summerHis family contribution 5.57 hundredd.1.the lowest,business leaders,finding qualified j ob applicants 2.just good public relations,sel f-preservation involved3.enter managerial and technical-professional l evel jobs,but a plus4.finishes college,hiring priority,the participating business the five-mi llion-dollar fund 2.two billion 3.324.it will become a national model.Lesson four News item 1a. kidnapping,west Beirut,this morningfrank reed,American ,53,school director b.1.4 amer ican 2.3 frenchmenby four gunmen,claimed responsibility ,accusing,a spy, maldenMassachusetts,Lebanon,8 years news item 2a. jury,indicted,un employee,spyingb. bdcbdc. f ftnews item 3editor of a news maganize 2.he was found shot dead 3.anlisis4.it has been banned5.someone attempted to assassinate president a ugusto Pinochet b.41253new state of siege2.police,deny they arrested carrascoSection two a.1,a rally2.2 days ago3.the government had a crackdown on its oppo nents4.they gathered before the presidential palace5.he was kidnapped by police b.cacddmore murdered victims 2.identities,established3.arrests,second by4.rounded up ,number of detetion5.arrest orders ,hiding d.tfftttsection threeford and his son edsel ford 2.50 years ag o 3.ford foundation 4.a modest amount5.more than six billion dollars b.fftffis about four and a half billion dollars2.19363.25 thousand dollars4.its initial aim was to help local charities in Michigan 5.the son died before the fat her6.a great deal of the stock of the ford motor company was left after the death of the two men and,for tax reasons,a large part of it had to be disposed of quickly d.badcaclesson fivesection 1 news item 1 a. cadcb. 1.penalities,violators,drug enforcement,coast gua rd personnel,establish eradicationprograms,condition,support for development loans News item 2 a. bb. 1.american2.Correspondent news and world report4.detained in a Mosc ow jail week tvia,ussr3.the united states and the soviet union4.t wo hundred and seventyd.the decision,personal,the Reagan administration,re taliation,detentionnews item 3a. egypt and Israelresolving the taba border dispute clearing the w ay for a summit tomorrow AlexandriaEgyptian president hosni Mubarak Israeli prime mi nister shimon peresSection 2 a. abb. an all-out war,public and private,national andlocal,this menace,drainingour economy,twohundred and thirty billion,rotting awy,seducing,tak e money,artillery c. dbd. 1.of endurance2.and selling drugs for a profit e.drug related crimesjail term,drug trafficking and manufacturingdrug enforcement administration and prison con struction coast guard,customs service,drugs com ing into this country drug educationwas nominated for the senate2.she spoke to the part of the bill which fu nds drug eradication programs in foreign countrie s3.she compared it to the places where cocai ne is grown,refined or manufactured4.it should attack the places where cocaine is grown ,refined or manufactured.g.it was a situation under which a country canconduct legal trade with us on the one hand and illegally sell drugs to us under the table ,poisoning our young people and our populationh.bcdeasection 3 a. cdb. 1.24,36,mixed heights,the first2.chinese history,economies,trade,politics,Chinese fa culty3.the us,American professors4.proficient in English,master’s degrees,fluency in Chinesec.tftorganizers hope that American students in the center will not only have the experience of liv ing in china,having studied with Chinese faculty and hearing the Chinese view of Chinese policy for one year,but also make friends with Chines e studentsroughly their own age who are going t o be dealing with the united states in the fut ure.2.the simple exchange program is to ask Chinese students to come to the united states and atthe same time to send American students to ch ina3.the simple exchange program would involve few er headaches4.the joint venture is unpredictable because itdepends on various unpredictable things ,such a s continuing sweet sino-american relations and be ing able to attract funding5.it is easy to denounce the center as an es pionage organization simply because some of the participants in the center will afterwards enter the intelligence community.Lesson six Section 1 News Item 1 a . acbb. 1.civil rights,mrs.caretta scott king,senate fa mily gallery,sanction and the efficacy of sactions,the choice between affirming the bill,con gress,supporting the president News item 2 a. bd c news item 3 a. cabb. planted misleading stories,the American news m edia,a plan to topplec. 1.this summer2.it revealed that stories were leaked alleging quddafi was resuming his support for terrorist a ctivies.3.poindexter denied the administration had involved the media in an anti-quddafi campaign 4.speaksdid not deny the possibility that a disinforma tion campaign was conducted in other countries.Section twoquestion in Washington today is if the federal government tried to scare libya’s quddafi by way of a disinformation campaign i n the American media 2.in august this year3.the government tried to do it by providing the American media with misleading stories.B.washington post,disinformation program,the white house ,quddafi ,about to attack again ,ousted in a coup c.cdoutthe Mediterranean,a cover for more attack,Libya,in the past2.august 14th,john poindexter,a strategy of realand illusory events,a disinformation program3quaddfi was stepping up his terrorist plans,qudd afi was temporaily quiescent,internal infighting,to oust quddafi,he was firmly in power,to oust hi m were not working,the pentagon was planning new s attacks,nothing was being done 4.a national se curity planning group meeting 5.president Reagan and his top aidessection threea. 1.the links between television coverage of su icide and subsequent teenage suicide rates,a team from the university of California,a team fr om Columbia university 2.television news coverage of suicides 3.made-for-tv movies about suicide teen,2 adult5.mde-for-tv movies about suicide,imitative behavio r6.holidays,personal birthday,the start of school,the beginning of winter7.call suicide hot lines,seek counseling,discuss t heir depression with family members b. Fttf c.1.5,5002.55,0003.275,000Lesson seven Section 1 News ite m 1 a. ab b. tfc. 1.five hours, closed-door,2. a system ,fine ,employers ,illegal immigrantsNews item 2 a. DbNews item 3 a. 1.today2.nobel peace prize3.elie wiesel4.585.256.his experience in a nazi death camp and the holocaust7.manhattan,new York city8.rumania b.darights activits,302.the survivors,holocaust,their children3.f rance,the united states4.credited,nazi extermination,the jews Section 2a. bdaab. 1.anti-discrimination,employers,do refuse to,any Hispanics,a citizen,an alien2.impractical as well as inhumane,congressc. 1.they oppose the legalization provision becau se they believe millions if people could eventually become citizens and bring their relatives to this country.and all those people could bankrup t the country’s social services. 2.it is the farm worker program3.agricultural interest wanted to be able t o bring workers into this country to harvest cr ops without being subjected to employer sanctions4.finally a compromise was reached which pe rmitted up to three hundred and fifty thousand farm workers to enter this country and promised to protect their rights and to allow them to apply for legalization if they met certain con ditions5.the combination of horror stories about p eople coming over the borders and editorials abo ut congressional inability to act.6.they say so because and the conference r eport must still pass both houses of congress,an d a senate filibuster is always a possibility. Section 3 a. Adb. According to tom baudet,we often exaggerate alittle to a camera.for instance, we put on ou rhaving-a-wonder-ful-time smile when we take pictur es during our vacation although we have been co mplaining about the trip,or we put an arm aroun d the person next to us when we take picturestogether as if we have been standing that way all day c. 1.after a long and dangerous discu ssionAs your hold the phone and hear your got that promotionAfter learning that those suspicious lumps were benign and something to watch but not worry abo utd. Photographer,at a party with loneliness,you didn’t think,bitterness tugging at your lips,to be overheard,slip up like this,get caught with our guards down,our best sides,that face forward,havin g pictures of the other sides,look just like pe ople.Lesson eight Section 1 News item 1 A. cdB. ffnews item 2a. 1.stepping up drug enforcement,mandatory drug testing2.nine hundred billion,half a billion,56 million3.have access to classified information,by the pr esident,law enforcement,affect public health nd sa fety or national security b. tffnews item 3 a. Bacb. they refuse the soviet involvement in middle east peace talks because the soviet union hasno diplomatic ties with Israel,and the soviet un ion does not permit free emigration of soviet j ews.Section 2 a. ff b. cdbac. 1.two years ago,prime minister,foreign minister ,shimon peres,Yitzhak Shamir,2.pere’s recent achievements3.the major topic for disc ussiond. 1.president Reagan mentioned the longing forpeace by the Israeli and arab peoples and the constructive actions taken by the leaders in t he region2.shimon peres3.his vision,his tenacity,his statesmanship4.president Reagan assured pers that the plight of soviet jewry will remain an important topic in all the talks between the united states and the soviet union.5.american economic aid to Israel ,international terrorism,soviet jewry Secton 3a.1.a small pamphlet of collected poems 2.poe ms written by students of medicine 3.american ’s great poet-physician was from new jersey2.he used to write drafts of his poem on h is prescription pads3.he died in 1963 northestern ohio univerity’s college of medicine 2.fifth3.all medicial students,this country4.only one percent,a few hubdred5.lovers and friends,sorrowful kinds of situations,their experience in medical school,their rela tionship with their patients ’t have to be a doctor 2.could only be writ ten by doctor.e.college of medicine,there ‘s no evidence,produc es better medicine,helps the students understand,t heir patients better,William carlos Williams poetr y competition.Lesson nineSection 1 News item 1assassination attempt,Indian prime minister rajiv Gandhi2.fired several shots atwere participating in an open-air prayer meetin g2.they have been suspended and an investigati on is under way. c.ffnews item 2is now the director of the Johnson space cent er. 2.he was in charge of the shuttle program then.3.he announced today that he will be leavinghis new post as the director of the Johnson sp ace center and will take a year’s leave.4.he will be reassigned to nasa headquarters i n Washington d.c5.the failure of shuttle rock et’s o-rings caused the expkosion.told moore in detail tha there were serious p roblems with the shuttle rocket’s o-rings 2.he did not know the o-ring prob lems were serious until after the challenger exp loded.c.congressional aide,nasa veteran’s been depressed,blew up,the edge he used to,hol low,a lot of guys at nasa,the shuttlesection twoa. 1.survived ,new delhi2.attending a hindu prayer service,his wife,Indian president zail singh3.sources,a major security lapse4.witness,security guards,he had heard gun shots,d ismissed,motorcycle backfire5.half an hour later, surrounded,capturedb. 1.directly responsible,security arrangements,suspended from duty2.top-level,determine,security,of the most close ly protected,collapsed,an illegally manufactured re volver,the security cordon undetected,a few feetC. abb2.a concrete shelter,thick green vines e.ttf section threecosts of growing food,lower selling prices of food2.farm hands,strugging farms,linking city dwell ers,farmers,benefit both b.ttftreporter thought that gibson’s orientation talk was too lengthy 2.gibson described the area as part of the new York mil k shed3.one of the big incentives,Gibson believed,wa s the founding of the borden plant d.cdacbc2.she is 28-year-old new York city painter a nd now is currently working on gibson’s farm as a long-termfarm-hand3.gibson is quoted as saying,”she works like a demon”,and “she is a germ”4.27-year-old wendy dubidf.the labor,appreciative consumer,picking raspberrie s,scrathing their own arms,the farm reality,the v alue of food,valuable consumersg.new York MarylandConnecticut Pennsylvania New jersey Massach usetts VermontLesson 10 Section 1 News item 1a. he will veto a defense spending bill if it is approved by the houseb. president Reagan was concerned about the prov isions that would ban nuclear testing and cut funding for his star wars defense systemc. charged,soviet-backed ban,backdoor to a nuclear freeze news item 2a. israeli warplanes bomed suspected Palestinian guerrilla bases in southeast Beirutb. 1.at leas t four targets were set on fire2.two people were wounded.News item 31. pic botha described the international sanction s against south Africa as a madperverse action2. pic botha believed that the international san ctions against south Africa wouldresult in the unemployment of many blacks3. botha said that the south Africa government will accept the challenge toovercome the effects of the sanctions4. botha made his statement at a news conference in Pretoria todaynews item 41. larry speakes is the white house spokesman2. he said that president Reagan will veto a s anction bill whichwas passed by congress, but he admitted that it will be difficult to sustain the vetonews item 5wall street,up four and a half,closing,1797.81,mod erate,132 millionsection 2 a. badbc b. ftfc. 1.take over,southern Lebanon2.past six weeks,4 french,hizbullah,this morning,wa s rocketed,southern Lebanon3.no casualty,were blown offdefense sources had this consideration because they found the word onward toJerusalem on kerchiefs worn by some dead hizbull ah men2.there have been no hizbullah attacks on the s outh Lebanese army since then3.they had returne d to their basesSection 3a. bdabacdbb. range,8 dollars,15 dollars,the union,a slight reduction,cuts in the pension,health benefits,a twenty percent reduction,the union,overll costsc. edabclesson 11 section 1 news item 1 air2.today3.texas air,people express airlines,one hundred and 25 million dollars b.proposed,allow,employees ,keep their jobs,lose its identity,become part of merger must be approved by federal officials2.texas air is trying to buy eastern airli nes News item 2A. rally,six consecutive losing sessions,ended theday up,nine points,seventeen sixty-seven point fifty-eight news item 31. freedom flight,111,including 70 former prisoner s and 41relatives,today,Miami,former Cuban political prisone rs and their relatives 2. relatives,well-wishers,e cstatic reception 3. culminated,two year,castro re gimesection 2airlines and new York air2.eastern aielines,people express airlines,frontie r airlines air 2.financial3.shut down,frontier airlinespurchasing people express,texas air will getairplanesthe lowest cost work force in the industrya new terminal at Newark,new jerseyflights to London,andcontrol over competition in the northeast c orridor2.in order to get the approval from the department of transporation,texas airlines should agreeto sell more landing slots in the northeast cor ridor to pan am3.the department of transportation insists on tex as air’s selling more slots because it wants to ensure competition in the northeast part of the market place.air does not have to do that because people express is a failing company and the deparmentof transportation thought it would be better tolet texas air buy people express and keep it running rather than let people express fail and lose all those jobs5.if the merger is approved by the department of transportation and if there is less competitio n ,the fares are likely to go upd.two competitors,one airliner,would just have togo up,keep in mind,unrestricted fares,people exp ress,eliminated,phased out,profitable,mergers,create more efficiencies,low costs,low fares,making a lot of money,raising prices excessively,move in,broug ht down,competition section 3 a. acb. 1.she took the picture in front of a Woolwo rth store because her song love at the five an ddime deals with the Woolworth store2.she posed with a book in her hand because he r audience consists of young people and she wan ts to take every opportunity to influence the y oung people to read books3.she was sitting in her hotel room and listeni ng to two people singing in the next room.when she was looking out of the window at the moo n,the song just came flowing to her c.yourself,i nspiration,bringing,particular,a matter of getting up,writing it downlesson 12 section 1 news item 1a. 1.he is an American reporter2.he is now in Frankfurt,west germany3.he was in Moscow4.he was detained by the soviet5.he was detained on espionage charges6.he was there for one month7.he is now on his way home b.ffc. 1.an agreement was reached after meeting2.it had lasted three hours3.it was held last nght in new York4.american secretary of state and soviet fore ign minister News item 2 a. ft b. dbaac. 1.majority leader ,restating his opposition,pun itive,harm the victims,outline an executiveorder,impose some but not all of,congress2.the house foreign affairs committee,come back,to ugher sanctions,sustainedSection 2 a. Ttffb. Acdoc. 1.an arrest warrant, against,narrow political purpose,some political leverage,gennadizakaharov2.the Russian scientist,arrest,spying,daniloff’s detention,the united states,the soviet union,a summit meetingd.a summit could not take place,gaining his free dom,been removed,an impediment,the zakharov case,th e twenty-five soviet diplomatssection 3a. one year ago this month, mexico city,powerful ,more than nine thousand killedb. cbcac. tfft ftd. 1.the loans,technical assistance,a catholic chu rch foundation,repaying the loans,keeping upwith operating expenses,having a boss,transition,ac customed,male authority figures2.giving overtime pay for extra work,allowing wor kers to take vacation,providing standard benefitsbegan to raise questions because some factory owners moved more quickly to salvage machinery a nd cash boxes than to rescue trapped workers2.the nine factory owners agreed to guaranteef.1.a seamstress who works at an cooperative on Uruguay street 2.a leader of another seamstre sses’cooperative3.press chief for the September 19th garment w orkers’union4.a seamstress who was fired for organizing the women in the factoryg.an uphill battle,decent living,important in assuring,a fair shake,lawyers,feminists,set new terms,n ew organizations,cooperatives and unions,new allian ces,educated elites,popular groups,lasting legacylesson 13 section 1 news item 1 a. bac news item 2 a. ffttfb. tough on drugs,business,are thinking of usingdrugs,stop,are pushing drugs,beware news item 3one,more than 50,in paris,at the drivers’permit office,headquarters,the fourth blast,7 dayssection 2 a. cbdcb. paris today,more than 50,police headquarters,a crowded public target,a week,policeofficer,yesterday,removing a bomb,a restaurant ,min utes after,prime minister,new security measures,cur bing,francec. 1.a terrorist group called the committee for solidarity eith arab and middle-eastern prisoner shas been very active recently in paris2.the anti-terrorist measures include increased ,m ilitary patrols along the French borders and req uirement of an entry visa for all foreign visit ors to france3.french involvement in middle-eastern affairs,thelong French tradition of granting political asy lum ,and the lack of resolution in repressing t errorist activities have made france an ideal ta rget of terrorists d.fftfffe.with terrorism at home and abroad,two weeks,the united nations peace keeping force,remote-control led bombs,an emergency meeting,the united nations security council,the role and safety,7 French h ostages,the Chirac governmentf.edabcsection 3 a. fftff b. cbdbc. 1.damage done,espionage and lax security,acknow ledged publicly,us military plans,havebeen seriously compromised, gravely impaired,have been overcome,spying,exposed to adversaries 2.too many streets,access to secrets ,spies,accountabilit y,our national secrets,effort,combating,real threat, national securityare too many weak points in the national secu rity system and not enough effort has been made to improve it 2.95 recommendationsemphasis on re-investigations of cleared perso nnel b.a streamlined classification systemc.more money for counter-intelligence elementsof the fbi,cia and the military services d .tighter controls on foreign diplomats from hosti le countriese.durenberger Minnesota republican chairman of the intelligence committee leahyVermont democrat vice-chairman of intelligence committeelesson 14 section 1 news item 1a. 1.it is about Bernard kalb2.he has resigned from the post as state depart ment spokesman3.it happened today4.he resigned because of the government’s alleged disinformation campaign against Libya b . caddnews item 2a. 1.it is Eugene hasenfus2.he has been captured by the Sandinista governm ent3.he allegedly carried arms to the contra r ebels b. fttffftfc.the utmost seriousness,consular services,functionof an embassy,Sandinista government,that function difficult,whether,us embassy,normally,Nicaraguasection 2 a.fcdbae b.adadbc c.ftfffftt1983 a deputy quit his job at the white hous e as a protest against misleading the us press shortly before the American invasion of grenada2.it was Shultz who appointed kalb the chief sp okesman of the state department two days ago3. shultz defended the us policies against Libya,inc luding a disinformation effort,while kalb insisted that he could not tolerate any policy of disi nformationguidelines,not to lie or mislead the press,has not done so,went out of his way,a man,overwhel ming integrity,own integrity2.the impact,the credibility,faith,faith in the wo。
商务英语高级真题集听力原文
商务英语高级真题集听力原文为了让大家更好的预备商务英语BEC考试，我给大家整理一下剑桥BEC商务英语考试高级真题,下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
剑桥商务英语高级真题集听力原文1This is the Business English Certificate Higher 4, Listening Test 1.Part One. Questions 1 to 12You will hear Jack Lester, founder of Hinde Instruments Corporation, a telescope manufacturer, giving a talk about the development of his company.As you listen, for questions 1 to 12, complete the notes, using up to three words or a number.After you have listened once, replay the recording.You now have 45 seconds to read through the notes[pause]Now listen, and complete the notes.[pause]My name is Jack Lester and I’m here to talk about the company I originally founded in nineteen seventy-two, Hinde Instruments. Today, the company, with factories in Nevada and Texas and its headquarters in California, is one of the world’s largest manufacturers of telescopes. Sales have grown at a rate of thirty-six per cent for the last ten years andin two thousand and two, reached one hundred and twenty-six million dollars. But this hasn’t always been the case. In fact, in nineteen ninety-one, the threat of bankruptcy was hanging over the company.I’ve always been an amateur astronomer and started building my own telescopes when I was ten. After working as an engineer at WAC, it seemed quite natural to start my own telescope company, Hinde Instruments. To start with, the company imported telescopes and sold them by mail order, but by nineteen seventy-seven, the company was making its own telescopes. Almost overnight, we took a huge portion of the market, amateur astronomers being keen to buy our telescopes because of the features they offered. By nineteen eighty-three, sales reached two million dollars.In nineteen eighty-six, I sold the company for six point five million dollars to the Amtex Group, staying on as President. From the start, I disagreed with the new owners, and things did not go well. Then the sky fell in. In February nineteen ninety-one, the bank called in the company’s loans. There was no cash at the time. In fact, the company’s balance sheet gave a net worth of minus two point five million dollars for nineteen ninety-one, the company having lost that much the previous year on sales of eleven point five million dollars.I made a personal loan to the company of sixty-five thousand dollars to stave off the bank for one week so I could start to negotiatewith three senior managers at Hinde interested in buying the company. It worked, and Amtex agreed to sell us one hundred per cent of the company’s stock, along with all its liabilities, for one thousand dollars. As the key investor, I purchased fifty-one per cent of the company for five hundred and ten dollars.剑桥商务英语高级真题集听力原文2This is the Business English Certificate Higher 4, Listening Test 2Part One. Questions 1 to 12You will hear a speaker giving a group of managers advice on how to run a project.As you listen, for questions 1 to 12, complete the notes, using up to three words or a number.After you have listened once, replay the recording.You now have 45 seconds to read through the notes.[pause]Now listen, and complete the notes.[pause]Woman: Um, OK, er, can I have your attention, please? Thanks. Now, er, people ask me ‘how do I know if a project is good and, if so, how do I then keep it on track?’ Well, there are no magic formulas, but I do have a few tips for choosing and managing projects that I’d like to share with you today.First of all, choose carefully! Your project needs to be large enough to be worthwhile and one in which your basic skills will enable you to succeed. This means sifting through proposals very carefully, and so it’s essential that you allocate enough hours to the selection process. When you’ve done that, you need to work out how long the project will take. It’s pretty tough to maintain a project’s freshness and flexibility, so you don’t want it running on too long - therefore, you need to set a sensible, manageable timescale.When you start, you need to think about how your project will be better than the last one, and this means you should constantly keep the customer’s circumstances in mind and think about what they want. Employees will be enthusiastic about the project if you emphasise how important it is. So you should aim to convince them of how crucial teamwork is, and if you can do that, you’re more likely to get the best results. Also, good managers have a constantly updated picture of the project performance, and to achieve this, you need to be efficient at record-keeping.As the project gets going, you should always keep employees informed and involved in what’s going on, so that they understand any constraints. At the same time, this will help them to appreciate the progress being made. And try meeting across boundaries. In well-managed projects, you’ll find that any meetings that are held arenot exclusive to the project workers, but include people from different disciplines who work in the same organisation. These ‘outsiders’ may come up with fresh approaches, which can speed up the whole project.Now, encountering problems is almost inevitable; you need to recognise that and deal with them. To do this successfully, you need to share information about anything which is not going well. This will allow you to make decisions quickly and minimise any big changes. These may come as a result of the customer altering their requirements. It’s vital to be able to adjust to these developments, so make an attempt to be as flexible as you can in your dealings with them.The prospect of success rises when those involved are consciously trying to do better than any other businesses or even past practices within their own company, so it’s important to breed competitiveness -the more the better if you want to get the best result.And finally, don’t forget that companies that appear to be doing well all the time owe their success, in part, to a willingness to diversify when the market moves or alters, or as they recognise where they can make a better contribution. And, when you’re contemplating a risky project, make sure you employ people who have several skills. This means they could be transferred if the original project doesn’t succeed.Well, er, I hope that’s helped. Urn, now, if anybody has any questions...剑桥商务英语高级真题集听力原文3This is the Business English Certificate Higher 4, Listening Test 3.Part One. Questions 1 to 12You will hear an adviser giving a talk to a group of purchasing managers about how to make good use of visits to trade fairs.As you listen, for questions 1 to 12, complete the notes using up to three words or a number.After you have listened once, replay the recording.You now have 45 seconds to read through the questions.[pause]Now listen, and complete the notes[pause]Woman: Good afternoon. My short talk today is about trade fairs: not how to exhibit at them, but how to take best advantage of being a customer - a visitor to the fair. How can you make your visit really cost-and time-efficient?Firstly, an issue which is often overlooked is pre-exhibition preparation. It may be that the fair won’t be helpful, so find out as much as you can before you consider booking. As soon as you know it’s taking place, send off for the publicity folder, for which there is no charge. It contains information which can save you time and money. One particular thing I always advise clients to do is to look over the exhibitor list withgreat care and talk to line managers and colleagues about it. This will give you the best insight into whether this particular fair is right for your company. If it is, sign up for it.Then, if you think the fair is for you, do take time to look into hotel arrangements. My advice is that you should try to choose a hotel yourself from the internet rather than selecting one from the trade fair’s recommended list. Trade fairs and exhibitions tend to use large chains because they’re easier to deal with, rather than ones with the most suitable facilities.In due course, you will receive an enormous amount of trade-fair information -a lot of it you can throw away immediately. But not everything - the hand-outs to hang onto are the finalised list of visitors, and it’s also worth keeping the floor plan. Organisers seldom remember to supply extra copies, and you’ll be stuck if you don’t have one.Then take a little care with your packing -don’t forget to take a large note-pad (fairs tend to supply tiny ones these days, and your jottings can get lost on small scraps of paper) and, whatever you do, don’t forget to take a good supply of business cards. There’s surely nothing more embarrassing than not being able to produce one on request. One other thing that I pack is a small pile of my own company brochures -not too many, they’d be too heavy -but to give out to selected personnel. Obviously you’re there with a view to buying, but anexchange of information helps everyone.So now you’ve arrived and you’re standing in the exhibition hall with its bewildering array of people and exhibits. Where do you start? Well, my advice is to ignore the people at reception and go straight to the press office. They’ll be a good source of information about the really important events of the day and what the interesting new products and services are. After this, it’s worth taking advantage of what’s sometimes called ‘the Fast-Track Service’. It can be costly, but it is personalised and independent - an adviser discusses your company profile and directs you to suitable stands.剑桥商务英语高级真题集听力原文4.Part One. Questions 1 to 12.You will hear the Chief Executive of a steel company talking to shareholders about the company’s performance over the last year.As you listen, for questions 1 to 12, complete the notes using up to three words or a number.After you have listened once, replay the recording.You now have 45 seconds to read through the notes.[pause]Now listen, and complete the notes.[pause]Woman: Ladies and gentlemen, it has been, in general, a good year for the company. Although overall profits are down compared with last year, they are, I am pleased to be able to announce, higher than we expected at this time last year: this year’s figure is three hundred and fifty-four million pounds compared with last year’s figure of four hundred and fifty-one million pounds. The Board is recommending a final dividend of seven pence per share, which makes a total dividend for the year of ten p per share, identical to last year.The profit is mainly thanks to the company’s UK plants, which again put in very strong performances, setting a significant number of production records.Deliveries to markets outside Europe were twelve per cent up on the previous year, largely due to economic conditions outside our control. Operating costs, we are pleased to report, were two per cent lower than in the previous year, due mainly to reduced employment costs, as the workforce was cut from fifty-two thousand to fifty thousand.Now to the less good news: there have been difficulties with our export trade over the last year. The main culprit here has been the strong pound, which has reduced profits by approximately five hundred million pounds. Secondly, S. B. Steel, our fifty-one-per-cent-owned German stainless-steel subsidiary, continued to be badly affected by depressed selling prices. Then Huntingdon’s, our twenty-five-per-cent-owned jointventure in the USA, encountered technical problems during the year, which mean that it is unlikely to resume operating at capacity again until late this year.Now, faced with these problems, your Board has taken a number of measures, which we believe will be effective within a short time-frame: firstly, we have established a target for all our businesses of achieving fifteen-per-cent return on assets. We are streamlining the organisation structures to make them flatter and more responsive to changing needs.We have also established a team to look at our working practices with the aim of improving productivity. We are creating a considerably more reliable supplier base; and lastly, we are using information technology more creatively.To turn now to the general outlook in the UK and abroad: the situation is complex. The UK economy is forecast to slow down next year. For the economy as a whole, a recession is not expected but, for the manufacturing sectors, there are predictions of, shall we say, unfavourable conditions.Globally, however, demand for steel may well strengthen over the next year, because of improving business confidence. In the US, for instance, analysts think that consumer spending will be maintained at high levels. Although we can never be one-hundred-per-cent sure how the markets will develop, we do feel confident that the Middle Eastoffers profitable prospects and we expect some growth opportunities in steel or steel-related businesses in this region.[pause]Now listen to the recording again.[pause]That is the end of Part One. You now have 20 seconds to check your answers.[pause]11。
值班水手(高级)英语听力与会话
custom 风俗
e.g. The environment and customs of your hometown.
10
Chapter 1 Common English
Lesson Two Vocabulary Commonly Used on Board ——Useful Expression
中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试培训教材
（高级）值班水手 英语听力与会话
中国水运图书工作室 撰稿人 组织编写
韩佳霖 王艳华
目录
CONTENTS
Common English Ship’s Orders
Chapter 1 Chapter 2
Chapter 3 Keeping Watch at the Gangway Chapter 4 Opening and Closing Hatches Chapter 5 Adjusting Derricks
近音词辨析
同义句转换
Listening
句意延伸
说者语意
4
Listening and Analysis ——Dialogues
听力技巧： 1.熟悉常考场景及词汇。
2.预览选项，预测谈话内容，抓住重点。 Short Dialogues 常见问句：
What’s the matter with you, Jane? What’s the seaman ’s date of birth? What does O. S. mean on board ship? What are you responsible for? What course are you steering? what business do English
Lesson One Daily English ——Useful Expression
高级商务英语听说第四版听力原文
高级商务英语听说第四版听力原文Unit 4Task 2.2The Koreans aren’t concerned about how well planned a meeting is. They will not trust anything that doesn’t take years to build. For example, a strong relationship of 10 years is more important than a brand new office building or an impressive meeting. Trust is most important thing for them. They also seldom offer any opinions unless they are sure about what they want to say.Face is perhaps most important to the Japanese. For example, if you put pressure on a Japanese businessman at a meeting, he will respond with silence and your relationship is sure to be over even before the meeting finished. They will be more accepting of you if you learn to speak a little Japanese and look comfortable with their customs.Whenever there seems to be a business problem, the British will try to improve the situation by saying something amusing, but sometimes others don’t find this humour funny at all.Whenever you disagree with the French, they will enjoy arguing with you in a very lively way. They will offer you a business opportunity more quickly than people from other cultures, but they will change their minds at the last moment, if they feel that you are not doing business in a satisfactory way.Part 3.1Conversation 1A: I really think we need to get some people together to discuss this problem. If we don’t, it’ll just get worse.B: I believe you’re right, Leon. Who are you thinking of including?A: The Accountant, our Purchasing Manager, Tony, and of course you and me.B: All right, then. What are you going to tell them beforehand?A: I’ll give them this news report and the letter describing our problem. Do you think that’s OK?B: Yes, that’s fine. Let me know when and where.Conversation 2B: Good afternoon! I appreciate you all being here for this important meeting. Leon has asked you to join us to talk about the problem. You’ve a ll read the news report and the letter, so let’s get on with the discussion and try to solve the problem before it gets worse. Leon, could you start?Conversation 3A: Let’s see, we’ll begin with my boss opening the meeting. He can remind everyone about the report and letter. Then we should have the Accountant report on the cheques that have been written. Following that, we’ll ask the Purchasing Manager to review the purchasing procedure. I’m sure my boss and Tony will have some questions then, so next we’ll have questions. Then, we can go on to a discussion. Finally, hopefully, we’ll make a decision and close the meeting. There, that should do it!Conversation 4A: He llo! Why don’t you sit here? Would you like a cup of coffee or tea?C: Thanks! Coffee, please.A: Good afternoon, Tony. Here’s a seat for you.B: Is everyone here yet?A: No, not quite. The accountant has still to come. Boss, here’s your coffee. B: Thanks. I want to get started on time.A: Yes, I know. I’m sure we will.Conversation 5D: Hello! Accountant’s Office.A: Hello! This is Leon. Our boss wants to call a meeting to discuss a particular problem. Can you make it tomorrow afternoon?D: Tomorrow afternoon? What time?A: He’d like to begin at 2:30, in the conference room.D: Yes. I think I can make it. I have a lunch meeting, but I’ll hurry back in time for the meeting.A: Good. I’ll bring the information to your office in a little while.D: Oh! OK. Thanks.Conversation 6B: So, from our discussion this afternoon, it sounds like what we need to do is to stop the payment on this cheque, and contact our lawyer. Is that the decision you all think we should make?C: I’ll begin looking for new suppliers. That seems to be important, as wall. B: Yes, it is. We must do that.D: I’ll call the bank immediately and stop payment.B: And, Tony, we’ll follow your advice and turn the rest over to our lawyer. That seems to be the best way to handle this – for all of us.Part3.2(G: George; M: Mary)M: George, could you help me plan this meeting? I don’t have much experience planning meetings and you’ve been with the company for a long time. So…G: When is this meeting, Mary?M: Well, it’s this Friday.G: Friday, hmm. What kind of meeting is it going to be?M: We’re going to have a meeting with some new clients and try to get them to buy our new line of sportswear.G: Well, that sounds easy. The first thing we need to do is to create an agenda for the meeting and then give copies of it to everyone who is going to be attending. M: No problem, I have a list of all the people right here. The boss says that he wants the people from the sales department and the design department to give a short presentation.G: OK, but we should let them know as soon as possible. Ask them how long they will need for their presentations. Also, we should ask them if they are going to need anything special for the meeting, like a projector. I remember one time I forgotto ask about this and it was really embarrassing to be unprepared. Which meeting room are you going to use?M: Er, I think we should use 401; it’s the most comfortable room.G: Good idea. Is the boss going to make a presentation, too?M: Yes, he wants to tell the clients about the history of our company.G: OK, let’s write the agenda. It’s this Friday, the 1st of December. What time does the meeting start?M: 10:00 am, and it should be finished by noon because the boss is going to take them out for lunch afterwards.G: No problem, that should be more enough time. The first thing on the agenda should be to introduce everyone to each other. Then the boss gives them the information about our company. He usually takes about 10 minutes to do that.M: I think we should let the design people talk before the sales people, so that they can explain the products first.G: That’s a good idea. The customers need to know what they are going to buy first. After the presentations we should allow time for a discussion, in case the clients have any questions. If they don’t and the meeting is over more quickly than expected, you could give the clients a tour of the office. I think that would really impress the boss.M: Hey, this agenda looks good. I’ll go make copies for everyone.G: OK, don’t forget to make some extra copies to give the new clients and anyone else who for gets to bring theirs. Oh, one last thing, don’t forget to dress up for the meeting.M: I know. Thanks for all of your help.Part 4 video 1Gregory: Do you know why we are here?Richard: No. I have no idea. He just popped in and told me there would be a meeting at 3.Amy: I’m afraid it’s about cuts. I saw him this morning and he’s not happy. Chairperson: Bad news! I guess you’ve all seen last month’s sales figure for the laptop X600.A: No, actually I haven’t.R: Me, neither.C: Oh, well, there’s a twenty-one percent drop from July.G Twenty-one percent? That’s a disaster!A: I suppose you’re going to blame my sales team.C: No. Amy. We are not going to blame anyone. Not today. We need to decide what we are going to do about it.R: Wait. Before we go on, can we have a look at these poor figures?C: Sorry, I’m not sure if I have… Ah, yes, I’ve got a few copies here. As you can see…A: Larry, I want you to know that it’s not my fault! My people have been working really hard to promote sales.C: Yes, yes, I know. But the fact is that the results are not good.R: Maybe we can change…A: You should trust your team! There are always ups and downs in sales!C: Look, Amy. I do have confidence in my team! I have called this meeting to see what my team suggests we do! So shall we get on with it? I suppose we can start by finding out why we are having these poor results. Gregory, would you please give us an analysis of these figures?G: Er… Sorry, I don’t have anything prepared since I didn’t know…C: Oh, well…Part 6 Video 2Chairperson: I’m sorry to have called this meeting at such short notice. Did you all get a copy of the sales figures?Participants: Yes.C: Good. So you have seen from you memo the purpose of this meeting. Firstly, we need to figure out the reason for the drop, and secondly, what we should do about it. It might not be easy, but I want to finish the meeting by 3:00. Participants: OK. Uh-huh.C: Now, Amy, what do you think?Amy: Well, there’s a lot more competition out there now.C: That’s true, but our prices are competitive.Richard: In my opinion, the salespeople are not very motivated. We need to do something to encourage them to get out there and sell.A: I think they’re working pretty hard already.C: Bur it’s not hard enough, Amy! They need something to give them a bit of a push.What about the bonus system? How many salespeople get bonuses now?A: Not many.C: Really? Why not?A: The s ales quotas are pretty high. You have to make $60,000 in sales. That’s a lot. Most people average about $45,000.Gregory: Per month?A: Yes.R: Well, maybe we should lower our quotas.C: How’s that going to motivate them, Richard?R: If we lower the quotas, it will be easier for the salespeople to reach them. So more people will get…A: I don’t see the point. How’s that going to increase sales?C: Let him finish.R: Well, I think the quotas are just too high. The salespeople don’t t hink they can reach them so they don’t try. But, if someone is making, say, $45,000, and if the target is $50,000, then they’ll work just a little bit harder to reach $50,000.G: I see what you mean. And if they get a nice bonus at $50,000 then they’ll wor k even harder the next month.C: Yes. You’ve got a good point! Let’s come up with a proposal for lower quotas.。
英语高级听力材料-- George Washington
英语高级听力材料--George Washington George Washington was the first President of the USA and is consistently voted as one its top five leaders. He was born in 1732 in Virginia. His family were well off and owned a plantation. Growing up, he learned the morals, manners, and knowledge necessary for an18th-century Virginia gentleman. He was greatly interested in two things while he grew up: military arts and western expansion.乔治·华盛顿是美国的第一届总统，并被一致认为是美国的五大领袖之一。
他于1732年出生于弗吉尼亚州。
他家境富裕，家里有一个种植园。
随着年龄的增长，他学会了成为一个18世纪弗吉尼亚绅士所要求的道德、礼仪以及学识。
成长过程中，他对两件事特别感兴趣：军事艺术和西方殖民扩张。
In 1754, at the age of 22, he became a lieutenant colonel in the Army. He fought in the first skirmishes of what grew into the French and Indian War. The following year he escaped injury in battle although four bullets ripped his coat and two horses were shot from under him. His military experience taught him valuable lessons in leadership he would use later in his political life.1754年，22岁的华盛顿在部队成为了一名美国陆军中校。
英语四级听力高频词汇
一、短对话词汇特征：1）词汇的重复性（考点的重复性）About “Pick up”Tom picked up the wallet and opened it. (捡起)How can Mary play guitar so well Because Mary picks up guitar by herself. (学习、学得)He studied hard and picked up French. I want to pick up my children from school. (开车接某人)What do you want me to get for you I'm leaving now. Pick up a bottle of milk and a loaf of bread please. (顺便买)Why did Margaret call yesterday She wanted to pick up some magazines she lended me. (索取、认领)Hi, Tom. I haven't see you for a long time. Why are you so busy today Because my parents are going to visit me next week. So I have to pick up my room before they come. (收拾、整理) pick up the taxi (付款、买单)Where has Mary been I haven't see her for a week. I'm sorry to tell you that she picked up a cold in the office. (不幸染病)Let's pick up the discussion after lunch. (继续做某事)About Quitquit school 辍学 quit smoking 戒烟 quit a job 辞职 It's so early to quit. 放弃quit doing sth. 停止做某事 quit pressure 摆脱压力About Count:W: She is counting the days. (数)You can tell the age of a tree by counting its rings.W: But what happens if it rains What are we going to do then M: We'll have to count on good weather. But if it does rain, the whole thing will have to be cancelled. (取决于)Q: What do we learn from the conversationA) The weather forecast says it will be fine.B) The weather doesn't count in their plan. (被考虑进去)C) They will not do as planned in case of rain.D) They will postpone their program if it rains.About Bother:bother bother sb. doing sth.it's no bother to me sorry to bother sb.have a lot of bother in doing sth. bother about doing sth. don't bother with it除此外常考高频词汇：Expect2)：词汇的细节性例句：M: Have you met the new teacherW: I have been sick for three days.M: Wouldn't you tell me the meaning of the phraseW: Don't you have the dictionaryM: If I go to the store, will you cook dinner for meW: Bring back in a food.W: Where is the orange juice I made just nowM: Didn't you hear a crash3词汇的组合性: 比较句式一、had expected 本来以为句型M: What do you think of Professor Brown's lectureW: The topic was interesting, but the lecture was much more difficult to follow thanI had expected.Q: What does the woman say about the lectureA. It was a long lecture but easy to understand.B. It was as difficult as she had expected.C. It was not as easy as she had thought.D. It was interesting and easy to follow.2. W: Hi, Tony, how did your experiment go yesterdayM: Well, it wasn't as easy as I had thought. I had to continue doing it tonight. Q: What do we learn from the conversationA) Tony could not continue the experiment.B) Tony finished the experiment last night.C) Tony thought the experiment was well done.D) Tony had expected the experiment to be easier.二、比较动词 match/equal2. W: What do you think of the apple pie I made it myself.M: Very delicious indeed. Even my mother's can't match this. Q: What does theman meanA) This apple pie tastes very good.B) His mother likes the pie very much.C) This pie can't match his mother's.D) His mother can't make apple pies.3、比较句固定短语W: Listen to me, Joe. The exam is already a thing of the past. Just forget about it.M: That's easier said than done.Q: What can we infer from the conversationA) The exam was easier than the previous one.B) Joe is sure that he will do better in the next exam.C) Joe probable failed in the exam.D) The oral part of the exam was easier than the written part.4词汇的生活性1. M: Jessica, could you forward this E-mail to all the club members W: Sorry, the computer broke down this morning, I'll do it for you as soon as I have it fixed. Q: What does the woman implyA) She has to post a letter instead.B) She has to turn down the man's request.C) She's not sure if the computer is fixed.D) She can't send the message right now.9. M: It's such a beautiful day. Why not sit out in the back yard for a while and enjoy itW: I'd love to. But there's a lot of laundry to do.Q: What will the woman probably doA. Wash clothes.B. Clean the backyard.C. Do her homework.D. Enjoy the beautiful day.二、词汇突破：1. 转变高中思维1）大学词汇的三种境界：单纯词、复合词、衍生词三种背法：大纲背词法、词根词缀法、词源记词法2 背词注意：1良好的背词习惯2. 针对考试记单词1）规模效应：集中记忆，长期消化2）句意效应：将单词放在句子中记忆 3）完整效应：3. 巩固：精读泛读相结合1）重复效应2）背景效应3）积累效应4. 制定单词突破计划1）耐心和及时 2）适合自己的方法只能靠自己去摸索单词记忆突破方法例：1 归类法按场景1、In a university/schoolfaculty系；学院的全体工作人员professor 教授 (associate) professor (副)教授teaching assistant （fellow）助教dean 系主任；训导长academic adviser 学术顾问graduate 毕业(生)undergraduate 本科生freshman/sophomore/junior/senior大学一/二/三/四年级学生Alumni 校友diploma 文凭BA/BS 文学／理学学士 (Bachelor)MA/MS 文学/理学硕士 (Master)PHD 博士major/minor主修/辅修 course/program 课程required course 必修课optional/elective course选修课 audit a course 旁听一门课elementary(intermediate；advance)French 基础(中级；高级)法语academic year学年term/semester 学期 mid-term exam 期中考试final exam 期末考试essay 文章term paper 学期论文thesis 论文 assignment/homework 作业deadline 截止日期 hand in 上交school calendar校历oral presentation 口头发言 Lecture 讲座seminar 研讨会fellowship /scholarship奖学金 prize 奖品、奖项tuition 学费grants 给大学生的助学金credit 学分 (credit system学分制 credit hours 学时) grading system 计分方式school record 成绩单certificate 证书register 注册（registration day）commencement 毕业典礼campus 校区；校园 dormitory (学校)宿舍（dorm）department 科(系) transfer 转学2、At a bankbank teller 出纳员bank account 银行账户open a savings/checking account 开一个存款 /支票帐户cash 现金 credit card 信用卡check 支票 traveler's check 旅行支票withdraw 提款（make a withdrawal）deposit 存款exchange rate 兑换率foreign currency/exchange 外汇/外汇兑换interest rate 利率3、In the post officepostman/mailman 邮递员mail 邮件 registered letter/mail 挂号信parcel/package 包裹aerogram 航空信件telegram 电报size 尺寸post/mail 邮寄weight limit 重量限制postage 邮费stamp 邮票prepaid 预付的collect 由收件人付款的cash the money order 领取汇款delivery 送递 air-mail 航空邮递send a telegram/mail 发电报/寄邮件 express 快递be insured 保险 return address 回信地址postcard 明信片 sender's address 寄件人地址4、At a restaurantorder 点菜 course (一道)莱drink 饮料 Anything to drink 喝点什么dessert 甜点 beer 啤酒menu 菜单 bill 账单beef/steak 牛排 appetizer 开胃菜/品book/reserve a table for 预订(几个人)的餐桌rare 生的medium-rare 半生半熟的A table for two 要一张两人桌Well-done 熟透的Are you ready to order 可以点菜了吗pork chop 排骨good service 良好的服务soup 汤pay the bill 买单/结账salad 沙拉tipping 付小费waiter/waitress 男/女服务员specialty 特色菜dish 菜 coffee 咖啡ice-cream 冰淇淋 seafood 海鲜delicious meal 美味佳肴 chef/cook 厨师to one's liking 合某人的口味5、At a hotelreservation 预订 receptionist 接待员fill in/up/out the registration form 填写住宿登记表book/reserve a room 订房间check in 登记人住 dining room 餐厅check out 结账后离开double/single room 双/单人房间ID card 身份证 bath (room) 浴室luggage/baggage 行李 porter 搬运工reception 接待room service 客房服务6、In a librarybook shelf 书架check out counter 还书处library card 借书证bibliography 文献目录catalog(ue) 目录 records 记录/唱片novel 小说tapes 磁带magazine 杂志librarian 图书管理员the latest issue 最新的一期limit 借期due 到期的 renew 续借overdue 过期的author/writer 作者/著者fine 罚款 title 书名/期刊名borrow/return 借书/还书music album 音乐专集journal/periodical 期刊reserved area 馆藏区reference books 参考书How long can I keep the books我可以借多久card catalog(ue) 卡片目录press/publishing house 出版社7、In the hospitala cold/colds 感冒 fever 发烧sore throat 嗓子疼pain 疼痛cough 咳嗽chest pain 胸痛heart 心脏come down with a cold/flu 患感冒/患流感而病倒lung 肺be not quite oneself 不舒服(有点小病)headache 头痛 patient 病人blood-pressure 血压surgeon 外科大夫stomachache 胃疼/肚子疼physician 内科大夫flu/influenza 流感 dentist 牙医symptoms 症状prescription 处方dizzy 头晕 write out a prescription 开处方give an injection 注射fill a prescription 照药方配药give an examination 检查pills 药丸Chinese herbal medicine 中药 tablets 药片feel ill/sick 感觉不适take one's temperature/blood pressure 量体温／血压There is something wrong with ．不舒服What is/seems to be the trouble /What's the matter with you哪儿不舒服take medicine/pills/tablet 吃药pharmacist/chemist 药剂师dental problems 牙科疾病have a runny nose 流鼻涕8、At the airport/on the planereserve/book tickets 订票fasten seat-belt/safety-belt 系紧安全带departure time 起飞时间airsick 晕机check in 办理登机手续direct/non-stop flight 直飞weight allowance 重量限额one-way ticket 单程机票depart from Gate 6 由六号门登机return/round trip ticket 双程／往返机票arrive at Gate 10 到达10号门passport/visa 护照／签证United Airlines Fight 101 flight 联合航空公司101次航班attendant/airhost/airhostess 空中先生/空中小姐take off 起飞confirm one's ticket 机票确认landing 降落luggage claim area 行李提取处boarding pass 登机牌/证captain 机长a window seat 靠窗座位crew 机组人员an aisle seat 靠走道座位copilot 副驾驶员smoking section 吸烟区arrival time 抵达时间non-smoking section 禁止吸烟区transfer 转机9、At the customsvisa 签证pay duty on 纳税liquor 酒declare 报关passport 护照 foreign currency 外汇passenger 乘客free of charge 免费luggage 行李 currency exchange 外汇兑换customs officer 海关人员(Do you have) anything to declare 有什么要报关的吗duty free免税10、At a travel agencymake a reservation 预订 visit/visitor/traveler 观光/游客/旅行者vacation 假期 pay a visit to 参观/访问weather 天气 one-way fare 单程车费historical site 历史名胜 final destination 终点站scenic spot 景点 a round trip ticket 往返车票resort place 风景名胜 first class 头等位fishing 垂钓 one way fare 单程费用tour guide 导游 traveler's check 旅行支票by air/train/bus/taxi/sea/ship/coach 乘飞机(火车/公共汽车/出租车/轮船/长途车) plane ticket 机票economy class 经济仓use a credit card 使用信用卡hike along the trail 沿小径徒步旅行11、At the barber's/hairdresser'shairstyle 发型 mustache 小胡子beauty saloon 美容院 trim one's hair 理某人的头发haircut 理发take off the sides 修侧面的头发shave 刮脸 cut short all over 整个剪短beard 胡子 long on top 上面留长些12、At a train station/bus stopplatform 站台 an express train 特快列车arrive 到站 single/one-way ticket 单程车票return ticket 往返车票 bus fare 车票费metro 地铁 bus driver 公交司机board the train 上车 conductor 售票员leave for/depart 离站/开车 get on/off a bus 上/下车booking office 订票处 get a transfer 换车，转程ticket office 售票处bus stop 公交车站subway 地铁 terminal 终点站bus schedule 公交时刻表13、At a theater/concert/cinema/art gallerydrama 喜剧classic music 古典音乐leading character 主要演员light music 轻音乐hero/heroine 男/女主人公audience 观众/听众opera 歌剧conductor 指挥starring actor/actress 男/女领衔主演musical instrument 乐器setting 场景screen 银幕climax 高潮fine arts 美术scene 幕oil painting 油画Beijing opera 京剧portrait 肖像画folk music 民乐modern art 现代艺术pop music 流行音乐二听力高频短语blow out 吹灭go through 检查go over 复习；演习blow up 爆炸hand out 分配bring about 引起；导致help out 帮助……脱离困境bring out 阐明（意义）keep away 不接近brush up 温习keep on 继续call on 拜访keep up 赶；不落后carry out 实践；实施lay aside 储存；放到一边cast aside 舍弃；抛弃lay off 解雇come up with 提出，想出come down with 生病let out 让流出；放出count on 依赖let up 告一段落；停止cut down on 减少look over 查阅die away 渐渐消失look up to 尊敬die off 先后死去die out 死光make fun of 嘲笑find one's way 摸索找到make up for 弥补get across 使被了解pick out 选择get over (从病中)恢复pull through 渡过难关get rid of 舍弃；丢弃put away 把……放好，收好give off 发散(烟，气味)put off 延期give out 分发put up with 忍耐give over 交与put through 为……接通电话give up 放弃run into 不期而遇run out of 用完take over 接管run off 逃走；潜逃take up 开始发生兴趣，开始从事run up (物价)上涨turn down 拒绝set up 设置turn over 移交show off 卖弄；炫耀turn out 结果是；证明为show up 出现turn up 出现take after 像；与……相似wear out 使疲倦get in touch with三、四级听力习语all of a sudden 突然地by all means 一定do without 不用；没有……也行go broke 破产；身无分文catch one's breath 屏息keep an eye on 看守lose one's temper 生气in case of emergency 紧急事件see eye to eye 同意give sb．a ride 请某人搭便车in the long run 长远来看go for a ride 乘车外出for good 永远地give sb．a hand 帮助某人for a change 改变make room for sb．腾出位子给某人day off 假日；非值班go Dutch 各付各的That's all I can think of．那是我所有能想到的。
BEC剑桥高级英语听力原文(手录)
1.1 The future of human resources1)I think the problem is that in the last fifteen years,employers haven't showntheir employees much loyalty.They've hired and fired pretty much at will,according to whether the market dictated that they need to increase or reduce the workforce.The flipside of this is that employees now,particularly those in the 25 to 35 age group,don't feel much loyalty to their employer either.Developing strategies to hold on to highly skilled and highly qualified people has become the number one priority in human resources - in all big companies,in fact.2)There's no doubt that in the next ten years there will be a move away from thenine to five office-based model of work. In fact ,it's already happening with women ,who often find it challenging to balance work and domestic schedules.This could mean more 'teleworking', in other words working at home and being linked to the office by computer;or it could mean shorter working weeks or just more flexible hours, Unless companies offer these possibilities,a lot of people will look for alternative types of work.3)Companies are finding that graduates and school leavers aren't well enoughprepared for working life. This is going to drive two changes,I think. One is a greater co-operating between companies and universities or colleges to ensure that at entry level to the company, people have the right skills. We'll also see more investment in corporate training - corporate universities and so on -so that employees' skills can be moulded to the needs of the company.4)As the birth rate decreased and life expectancy increases, there will beshortages in the job market. Consequently, a lot of ex-employees who thought they had finished their careers at 60 or whatever,will be called back to work.This will suit the companies, but it will suit the employees too, because their pensions will probably be inadequate to fund their longer retirement.5)At the moment people in their 50s and 60s are , on the whole , very poorly valuedin companies. Firms want to recruit younger employees who are cheaper to employ and more adaptable to a changing business environment. But as the supply of these younger workers dries up, we'll have to consider older staff differently. I hope that in future the wisdom and experience of this group will become more valued.1.2 An environment accidentJ=Journalist S=SpokespersonJ : So, can you tell me how this happened?S : Well, it was a very unfortunate combination of events. As you know , weather conditions have been severe in the eastern Atlantic for the last couple of days. The ship's captain reported that the ship was in trouble at 11pm last night and was ordered to make for port as quickly as possible. At 2:30 pm he reported that she was grounded on some rocks just off the Cornish coast.J: But this isn't the first time this particular ship has been in an accident.is it? S: She has been involved in two incidents in the past, but these had nothing to do withher sea-worthiness,She is a well-maintained ship in excellent working order with an experience crew on board.J: And what are you intending to do to limit the damage to the environment now? S: Unfortunately, while conditions remain so hostile, there is very little we can do, but the moment the storms subside we will be mounting an operation to transfer the oil off the ship using tugs.J: Do you think that this kind of accident is acceptable?S: I think it needs to be put into perspective. Accidents at sea are far less common than rail or road accidents. The problem is that they attract much more publicity ... J: Well, yes, Whichever way you look at it, it's a PR disaster for your company, isn't it ?S: As I've said, this type of incident does attract a lot of media attention. I just hope that the public can see ...2.1 The PeopleSoft takeoverCOMMENTATOR I think you could sum up PeopleSoft's approach to their employees like this:"We want you to be happy, we want you to do the things you've good at and that you enjoy doing. ' Very few big IT consulting companies are like that.They usually throw people straight in at the deep end: put them on jobs where they don't necessarily have much skill or experience, arguing that it's good for them to learn. But I think that although they have talked a lot about caring for their people and having fun, PeopleSoft put a lot of responsibility on them too. Like they were saying, ' Here's a job you can do and will enjoy doing,but you'll be accountable for the results.' To enforce that they generally started people on low salaries - and I mean low - and explained that greater rewards would come in time. In fairness, it was direct and honest. In December 2004,when Oracle took over,a lot of employees decided to leave. For a start, the feeling was that their applications just weren't as good as PeopleSoft's - in fact they were probably just more difficult to use - and secondly people thought that Oracle didn't respect employees as much. The CEO of PeopleSoft, Dave Duffield, had a very paternalistic approach - he used to sign his emails ' DAD '(which were his initials). It wasn't well-paid work but people felt valued, which is often more important. Also there was a relaxed atmosphere around the company.The moment the merger was announced, that kind of evaporated. It seemed to become tense, people wondering if the new CEO was going to live up to his reputation for wielding the axe. And, in retrospect, you would have to say they were right to be worried!INDUSTRY ANALYST Oracle gets a lot of flak because of its aggressive growth strategy,but i'm afraid in this sector only the big guys are going to survive. The merger with PeopleSoft was a business necessity. It didn't happen because the two companies were so alike - their cultures were very different.At Oracle there's a greater sense of urgency ... It's a stressful environment, but the rewards are huge. I know some reps there who are making millions of dollars. Sure, if you don't cut it, you've toast pretty fast,but that's business. It's survival of the fittest. The differences really come from the nature of the two businesses. Oracle's coreproduct is databases and with databases the customer often make a decision whether to buy or not in a matter of weeks. With ERP applications, which is more PeopleSoft territory, you can be in discussions with customers for months, analysing their needs and then proposing the right solution before a sale is agreed. So that naturally makes for a different culture. The other thing is that the merger happened really quickly - like marrying before you've really got to know the bride. So, of course people are uncertain. I think in the end, though, as both sets of employees adapt to each other's way of working, things will settle down.2.2 Falling sharesCEO ok,hi everyone. I'll make this brief, because I have another meeting to get to ,but what I have to say is no less important for being short.As you know, in our three-year plan we had a target of 20% growth by the end of this year. As things stand, we've going to be quite a bit short of that - trading circumstances haven't been easy. And unless we do something about it in the next few months, the consequences on our share price could be pretty significant. The markets are already getting a bit twitchy as you will have read in the financial press.It's unrealistic to think that we are going to trade our way out of this. All the indications are that the market is going to remain flat for at least the next twelve months. So, what I need you to do is to come up with some possible targets for acquisition. We're looking for a medium-sized business, reasonably well established in the market. It doesn't have to be a toy business, but it must be related ... in other words in the leisure retail sector, because that is where our expertise is. I don't need to tell you your jobs, I know you'll be discreet, but do get on with it - time's not on our side. I'll schedule a meeting for a month's time to hear what you've come up with.3.1 Dealing with problemsCCO=Call centre operator C=CustomerCCO: Hello, Penco Telecommunications.C: At last. I was just about to hang up. I've been on the phone for ten minutes going through various options ... None of which I wanted.CCO: I do apologize for the wait.sir. How can I help you ?C: I've been waiting in all day for an engineer to come and repair my line. He was due to come at ten o'clock this morning ... It's now three in the afternoon. I telephoned at twelve o'clock and one of your operators promised to call me back, but she hasn't. I've wasted my day waiting around and worse than that I still can't receive any calls. CCO: I'm very sorry. Can i have your number and I'll look into it straightaway ? C: Yes , it's 01889 245624.CCO: Ok. One moment - I'm going to see who the engineer is that has been assigned to the job ... Ok, I have his number. I'm going to put you on hold and try to find out what's happened.C: Please don't disappear. As i said, it took me ten minutes to get through in the first place.CCO: Don't worry, I'll come straight back to you. One moment ... Right, I'm afraid he has been delayed on another job. He apologises for not calling you sooner. He normally works until 5pm but he's offered to work later this evening to fit in your job. He can be there by 6pm. Would that be convenient?C: No, it would not. I'm going out to the cinema this evening.CCO: I quite understand. In that case, I'm going to have to reschedule him for another day. Can you tell me when would be convenient ?C: Well, first thing tomorrow morning, but...CCO : I'll see what I can do. Please just bear with me for a moment while I speak to him again ... Right that's arranged for tomorrow morning at nine.C: That's all very well, But what am I supposed to do in the meantime ?CCO: Do you have a mobile phone,sir ?C: Yes.CCO: What I can do is to divert any calls coming into your office number on to your mobile phone until your line is repaired. Would that be acceptable to you ?C: I suppose so. When can you do that ?CCO : If you'd like to tell me your mobile number, I can get that activated immediatelyC: Ok, the number is ...3.2 Exam practiceI imagine most of you are here today because you want to find out more about the job of a coach. Some of you will be sceptical about its benefits, others will have already started making a career out of coaching.I myself have been a coach since the late 90s, but our academy was set up more recently in 2004 in response to a demand for more formal training in the field. We are a private institution and don't rely on any government funding. Our aim was to try to professionalise an industry which until then had been, in this country at any rate, a rather disorganised and unregulated industry. We now have over 450 members and run twelve courses a year in various types of coaching. These range from day seminars for people who are already practising as coaches to four-week courses or the beginner.So what is a coach exactly ? Well, there are many different types of coach offering help in many different aspects of business and personal life: from financial or management coaching through to parent coaching and work-life balance coaching. But the basic principles remain the same whatever the field: using simple psychology and simple direction to help people to believe in themselves and to achieve their goals.The great thing about coaches is that not only do they help you to identify your goals and the obstacles to achieving them, but they stay there cheering you on from the sidelines. In other words, they always help the clients to look forward. This is very unlike traditional counselling, which tends to focus more on past events and mistakes and helping the person to get over these before they can move on.I'm going to show you a short film of a coaching session in a moment, but beforeI do, I will just mention something about the rewards of the job, and the qualifications and resources that you need for it because these are questions that will be concerning many of you.The rewards: Well, job satisfaction is , of course, very high. I mean, how often do you come home from work and are able to say, ' wow, I really made a difference to someone's life today '?As to financial rewards, sessions with coaches usually start at about ￡70 per hour but experienced coaches can earn anything up to ￡400 per hour. As to qualifications, you will need to follow an accredited coaching course, such as the ones we run here at the academy, and also you will need considerable experience in the field that you are coaching in. If you don't have this background it will be difficult for the client to have confidence in you.What else do you need to set up as a coach ? Most coaching is done at the client's office or home, but some coaches also see people at their own homes. In fact there's no need always to meet face-to-face. I know of several coaches who conduct session by phone or online, even sometimes by text message ...4.1 Sales techniquesSarah We make financial software for medium-sized companies. Competition is strong - not necessarily price competition, because in our sector, quality , reliability and service are far more important factors. We use a sales technique that's called ' relationship selling '. In other words, we spend a lot of time getting to know each prospect's individual needs :their business processes, their strategic aims, and um ... Also the issues and constraints they face. The idea is that the customer sees us as a partner, someone who's going to work with them and help them find the best solution for their business. Working this way, there are times when I have to freely admit to people that our products may not be best suited to their particular needs, but to be honest I'd much prefer to be doing that than using some hard-sell technique to push something I don't really believe in myself, you know ...Presenter Thank you, Sarah. Now, Dale Freidman, I know you have a very different approach ...Dale I would say so, yes. In my line of business, it's all about perceived benefits - there are some tangible ones like, for example, use of natural ingredients in our deodorants, but everyone in the industry copies ideas, so it's difficult to sustain any kind of technical competitive advantage for long. So, I use a lot of anecdotes when I sell; I tell stories, get people laughing, My approach is direct - I guess some might say pushy, but I get results. I deal only with the decision maker, who's generally a buyer for a chain of stores. You'd be amazed how much time people waste talking to the wrong guy. I always start by presenting them with the most expensive options, because this increases our average sales, and as soon as I get a buying signal from them - it could be anything, you know, just a question like ' What's your most popular product ? '- I move in and close the sale by discussing quantities required, special delivery arrangements, favorable payment terms, thing that make them feel they're getting added value ...4.2 A sales forecastAnke Reigl Is everyone ready ? Good, then I'll begin. Ok ... Well, based on average growth in sales over the last two years and given the relatively stable state of the market at the moment as far as competition is concerned, we're forecasting a fairly modest increase in the first quarter, about 2to 3%. We expect this to rise to between 7and 10% in the second and third quarters, after the launch of the new slow - release version of the drug. Marketing tells me - thanks, Werner for your help with this ...Werner You're welcome.Anke Reigl ... That demand for this version is strong and should be reflected in sales more or less immediately. So that's the basic picture. There are just a couple of monthly variations to this trend which I'll explain nowIf you look at the graph, you'll see that in March last year sales wet up quite sharply and that the figure predicted for this year is much lower. The reason for this is that Bayer had distribution problems and weren't able to supply the required quantities to their customers. We were fortunate, because we were carting extra stock and were fortunate, because we were carrying extra stock and were able to take advantage of the situation. I think it's worth nothing that disruptions in the supply chain can affect anyone and it really does pay for us to hold a reasonable amount of stock in reserve for events like these.As you know, sales generally decline in April and Mat - it's just a seasonal factor - bur as I already mentioned, the launch of the new version this year is expected to boost them considerably, especially in April directly after the campaign. They'll drop back a little after that, but in July we'll have the usual early summer phenomenon when distributors ...5.1 A culture of debtEconomist Perhaps the greater legacy of Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan is the way he transformed people’s attitude to credit and debt. During his term of office not only the national debt of America, but also personal debt, increased substantially.Since the Great Depression of the 1930s, people in America have been naturally reluctant to borrow money. But for this generation, in the US and increasingly globally, debt has become respectable. From an early age, young people take out loans to pay their way through college and borrowing against equity in real estate is now at record levels. Re-mortgaging your home was unheard of generations ago: a second mortgage was an indication of a household in trouble. But today it is routine.All this is possible because credit is easy and interest rates are low. Banks are encouraged to lend, and often do so irresponsibly. In some states it’s possible to get a 100% mortgage – in other words with no down – payment –equivalent to four times a couple’s combined annual salary. The market is constantly coming up with new financial products and new ways of extending credit to ordinary people. General Motors, whose automotive business is in decline, now sells home equity loans though a subsidiary: it’s the only part of company that has been consistently profitable in recent years.The reason for this boom in money lending is clear – to fund consumer spending. As long as people are spending, economic growth continues. In other more conservative borrowing cultures, like Germany, economic growth has slowed because in times of uncertainty people tend to save their money, rather than borrowing and spending to make themselves feel better.So does the accumulating debt matter ? Some say that as long as asset values rise faster than debt, there’s no problem. In 2005 Americans were twelve trillion dollars in debt, but their personal assets stood at 64 trillion dollars . Others argue that we are sitting on a time-bomb.Asset value will not continue to rise indefinitely and when they crash, millions of people will be plunged into negative equity. Liabilities remain the same but assets can go up and down in value. This was the case with stock market values, which saw sharp falls around 2000. Crisis was averted only because investors moved their money into real estate.For millions of Americans this only confirmed the culture Alan Greenspan had been promoting – debt is good. And if he turns out to be wrong – well, we all had fun in the meantime.5.2 discussing costsCA=Cost accountant GM=General managerCA Look, we’ve got to do something. Doing nothing is not an option. Our margins will just get squeezed more and more.GM Ok. What do you suggest?CA Personally,I’d recommend cutting the wage bill – either by laying some people off or by freezing salaries.GM Neither of which are going to be very popular options.CA No, but the alternatives are probably worse : reducing material costs will definitely have an impact on product quality and cutting back on advertising expenditure is only a short-term solution – it will hurt us in the long run.GM No, I see that.What about administrative costs or other overheads ? Instead of cutting staff, we could try and do something about getting our energy bills down for example.CA I’ve already done as much as I can in those areas. I have thought about this a lot and for me, the only real solution is to tackle labour costs. It may be painful, but the advantage of it would be that, once done, we could get back to concentrating on selling.GM Ok, I hear what you’re saying, but I think it might create more problems than you think. I’m going to go away and think about it … see if there is an acceptable way of doing it.5.3 Matchingwe are accused frequently of doing nothing about the ageing population and the consequent hole in pension funds. But you have to understand that, at the moment at any rate, there are no popular solutions to this problem. Either we raise theretirement age or we increase taxes on working people. Neither of these is a vote winner. I think a lot of us in government are hoping that if we just hold on a bit, then sooner or later another solution will present itself.5.4 Exam practice1)I don’t believe in the capital markets. For a start they are unpredictable and foranother thing, not everyone has the possibility to take such risks with their money. I have always been of the view that you pay taxes through your working life in order to enjoy certain benefits from the state and certain protection against difficult times. For example, in case of unemployment or sickness or for your retirement, for that matter. So when I retire, I will live on what the government is due to give me. If I can’t afford cruises in the Caribbean, then that’s too bad.2)I’m very lucky to have worked in the civil service, which has its own pensionscheme. My salary has never been as good as it might have been in the private sector, but you accept that when you work for a public service. What you do get is job security, longer holidays, good medical insurance and an excellent pension.My pension is calculated as a percentage of my final salary. That’s very rare in the private sector. Usually private companies take your average salary over a period of, say, twenty years. So all in all I expect to be very comfortable when I retire, even if I haven’t had that much disposable income during my working life.3)People think that as a company director, I’m bound to have all sorts of privilegedpension benefits and company schemes going on – some special executive plan. But it’s not the case. We have a company scheme for all our employees but I don’t actually participate in it. Instead, I’ve put most of my money in a long-term savings account, that gives a good rate of return if you keep it in for long enough.It seems bizarre I know, but I make far more than I need to spend and I guess I’m naturally cautious with my money.4)There’s a saying – I don’t know who by – that you should ‘ inivest in land, becausethey don’t make it any more! ‘I think that’s good advice. Around 2004 there started to be a lot of stories in the media about company pensions and private pensions not delivering the benefits they had promised, mainly because they were linked to stock market investments. At that point I decided to withdraw my money from my own private pension and put it into property. I figured that if I bought a small office building, then by the time I reached retirement age, I would have paid off the mortgage and could live off the rent … so that’s what I did.5)I realized quite early on that my state pension wasn’t going to be sufficient, so Itook out a private one when I was about 30. It works like a managed investment fund – a mixture of blue-chip stocks – so I don’t really have much say in how the money is invested. Unfortunately, like a lot of private pension schemes, it hasn’t really performed as predicted. I think the projected growth rate was between 8 and 12% and it’s grown at about 4.5%, which isn’t much above inflation. There are signs that the stock markets are doing a little better now, so I’m hopeful that inthe long run I will have reasonable funds for my retirement. Would I advise anyone to do the same … with hindsight, probably not .6.1 A contract to supplyB=Barbara P=PaulB Paragon. Can I help you ?P Hello, is that Barbara ?B Yes, speaking.P Hi, Barbara, this is Paul from A1 Flooring in London. I’m just calling to discuss the extension of our contract for next year. Is this a good moment for you ?B Yes, as good as any, I guess. Let me just get a pen and paper so I can make some notes … Ok, so where have we got to ?P Well, first the good news. The Klik laminate flooring has been going really well here – you’ll probably have noticed that from the order book in the last six months or so. Customers really love it : the feedback we’ve had has been excellent.B That’s great.P It is good. I have to say, I’m not so surprised – it’s an excellent product, very high quality and the price reflects that of course. Which brings me on to my next point. Now, I’m not asking for better commission – we’re ok on that – but what would really help is more seasonal discounting from your end. What I mean is, reductions that we could pass straight on to our customers. Generally, we run sales in January, spring and late summer and at the moment Paragon’s products are the only ones that don’t feature. I suppose you could say that gives them a certain exclusivity in the eyes of the customer, but at the same time …B I can see the logic of what you’re saying, and I’ve no doubt it would help sales, but what you must understand is that it’s very difficult for us to have a policy with you that’s different from all our other customers. Let me think … what I could suggest is that we try and feed you more discounted stock when we are coming to the end of a particular product line. I can speak to the boss about that.P Well, could you also mention to him the principle of seasonal discounts, because I think it would generate even more interest in the products.B All right, I will … but I’m not too optimistic. Are there any other points ?P Yes, there is one other problem, which is that when we place an order, it’s quite often the case that you don’t have exactly what we want in stock and you offer us a substitute instead. Let me give you an example: we want engineered wood flooring in a natural oak and you only have it in a stained oak. On the whole we try to be flexible, but it’s something which seems to be happening more and more – and what worries me.B I do understand, Paul, and I apologise. It’s something which we are trying to solve. But it’s not really a problem of our own making. It’s a result of shortage in raw material and delays further up the supply chain. We do try to carry reserve stocks of all types of wood, but as you know it’s a sensitive product to transport and store and we often have to rely on what’s available from our suppliers at a given time. That’s just the nature of the product.P Yes, I appreciate all that, but explaining it to our customers is another thing.Often they’re just not prepared to wait and if they can’t get what they want exactly when they want it, they’ll go elsewhere. In the end, that’s no good for either of us. Are you saying that the situation is unlikely to improve because if you are …6.2 Telephone expressions1) A Can I speak to Yan Lin, please?B I’m sorry, the liner is engaged. Would you like to hold?A No, that’s ok. I’ll call back later.2) A I’m afraid Mr. Chiu is out of the office today.B Ok. Can you take a message ?A Of course. I’ll just get a pen and paper.3) A Hello, Morris Industries.B Can I have the sales department, please ?A One moment. I’ll put you through.4) A I’m afraid our computer are down at the moment.B But I need the information by the end of today.A Ok, I’ll get back to you as soon as I can.B Thank you. I’d appreciate that.5) A How can I help ?B Can you ask Esther to bring her laptop with her ?A Sure. I’ll make sure she gets the message.B Thanks.6) A I’m calling about Mr. Signelli. Is his bill for $3,000 or $3,500 ?B One second. I’ll just check my records.7) A Can I speak to Sarah, please ?B Hang on. I’ll see if she’s back from lunch yet.8) A So, it’s the Taj Mahal restaurant at 1 o’clock.B Great. I’ll look forward to seeing you then.7.1 Strengths and weaknesses1)I admire my boss a lot. He’s very capable; he knows exactly what he’s doing andhe’s not afraid to get his hands dirty, not like some managers who think they’re above it all. The one problem is that he takes on too much. I don’t think it’s because he doesn’t trust us to do a good job – it’s because he likes to be involved in everything. He’s a bit of a control freak. The result is that he spreads himself very thin, when he could hand more work out to others, and he’s often overloaded and stressed.2)Cheryl’s not particularly brilliant, but she knows that. She knows her ownlimitations, which is certainly one of her strengths. In fact, I don’t think you have to be particularly bright to be a manager – that’s more a quality you need in a leader. A manager’s job is to bring order to the workplace and the team, so that people are clear about what they should be doing and when they should be doing it.Cheryl is very good at getting everyone working in the most efficient way and that makes our working environment much less stressful.。
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Obese state workers to be charged more for health insurance
Overweight is definitely, definitely a problem issue for a lot of people, me being one of them.
Those extra pounds add up to health care cost. State officials say that the leading causes of preventable death are tobacco use, lack of exercise and an unhealthy diet. There has been a shift upward in terms of the percentage of members who have signs of disease. Starting in July of next year, the state will put those tar-heeler employees who smoke on a PPO basic 70-30 plan. In July of 2011, those who have a body mass index of 40 or more will be put on the same limited coverage too.
I understand that no one likes to be singled out; however, that is willfully choosing ill health.
Most people agree with the penalties for smokers. A lot of companies have already started instituting similar policies. It's the plan for obese-state employees that has everyone talking.
I honestly think that is completely ridiculous, that, um, to charge somebody more for their weight, I don't see what that's even constitutional, to be honest.
You need to take many different things into consideration for that it could be, um, just an illness.
The States have preventable diseases, like diabetes and heart disease, increase health care cost astronomically.
These conditions that we are both seeing on now, um, are too, um, that have some the greatest impact on cost of health care.
The State believes giving folks an incentive to stop smoking and lose weight will not only save their lives, but also the tax-payer money.
In Ashville, Charu Kumarhia, News 13.
Overweight is definitely a problem ,(a)issue for a lot of people problem (maybe)me being one of them. Those extra pounds add up to health care cost.state (the) office say that the leading cause s of preventable death are tobacco use ,lack of exercise and unhealthy diet.
There has been a shift (in the world in charge of a percentage people has diet)upward in terms of the percentage of members who have signs of disease. Starting in July of next year, the state will put those (tar hillow )tar-heeler employee who smoke on a PPO basic 7030 plan. In July 20 11 those who (has)have body mass index of 40 or more will be put in the same limited coverage too.
I understand that no one like to be single out. However that is willfully choosing (inner)ill health.
Most people agree with the penalties for smokers. A lot of companies have already started instituting (the)similar polices. It’s a plan for obese-state employees that has everyone talking.
I (understand that’s something)honestly think that is completely ridiculous. To charge someone more for the ir weight,I don't’ see (with that if constitution)what that’s even constitutional to be( will be) honest.
You need to take many different things in to consideration for that it could be um just an illness.
The state (of the)have preventable disease s like diabidis diabetes and heart disease increase health care cost astromautly astronomically.
If These conditions that we were both seeing on now(forcing on nail) um, are too,um,that have some the greatest impact on cost of health care.
The state believes giving focus folks and an incentive to stop smoking and lose weight,will not only Save their lives but also the taxpayers’ money.。