2017中财金融学考研英语翻译真题详解
2017中财金融硕士考研英语写作经常使用辞汇解析
2017中财金融硕士考研英语写作经常使用辞汇解析一、环境爱惜类单词沙尘暴Sand/dust storms生态失衡Disruption of ecological balance温室效应Greenhouse effect全世界变暖Global warming淡水资源欠缺Shortage of fresh water环保意识Environmental awareness生态系统Ecosystem二、市场类单词国有企业state-owned enterprise私人企业private enterprise垄断市场monopolize the market偷税漏税tax evasion跨国集团multinational corporation 贸易制裁trade sanction贸易壁垒trade barriers中国加入WTO China's entry into WTO西部大开发Go-West Campaign乱摊派乱收费imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge全世界经济一体化integration with the global economy中财金融硕士考研辅导英语作文模板—信件篇(四)(6)感激信感激信的目的是感激对方为自己的付出，感激之情要转达得真挚自然，不要刻意夸大。
感激信所涉及的内容多种多样，比如能够感激对方替自己做了一件情形，在自己痛楚时安慰了自己，出席了自己的宴会等等。
其内容包括：1)表达感激之情2)回忆情形的通过3)确信对方帮忙的价值和对自己的阻碍，表达自己回报的愿望。
经常使用套语有：表达感激之情：Thanks so much for…;Abundant thanks to …for…I'm writing to express my heartfelt thanks for …On behalf of my whole family, I wish to extend our heartfelt thanks for all the trouble you had taken in …I must write to thank you for inviting me to…确信对方帮忙的价值及阻碍：You will never know how much we appreciated your kind and practical help. Your …meant more than I can express in words. Nothing can be more precious for me than your…表达回报的愿望：I hope I can return the favor someday …Do call on me if I can ever return the favor.感激信中比较特殊是求职者面试后给面试官写的信。
2017年考研英语二真题和解析详细
WORD格式可编辑2016考研英语二真题及详细解析Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more cre ative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ this doesn’t prove that hap piness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems pl ausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D]reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out1. [标准答案] [C]how[考点分析] 连词辨析[选项分析] 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。
2017年考研英语二翻译试题答案及解析
2017年考研英语二翻译试题答案及解析My DreamMy dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!2017年英语二的翻译题是一篇关于梦想的小短文，全文共5句话，前两句话比较简短且简单，后三句较长，但难度也都不大。
2017中财金融硕士考研英语阅读理解测试习题
2017中财金融硕士考研英语阅读理解测试习题2017中财金融硕士考研英语阅读理解测试习题Text1In order to “changelives for the better”and reduce “dependency”George Osborne, Chancellor of theExchequer, introduced the “upfront work search”scheme. Only if the joblessarrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and startlooking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should reportweekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?Moreapparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for thejobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work,not looking to sign on.”he claimed. “We’re doing these things becausewe know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get intowork faster.”Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concernedchancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms”toan obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newlyunemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we wereto understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting thetaxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimantsreceived their benefits.Losinga job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in yourheart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generousstate. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you knowthat support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now notwanted;you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now notwanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose andstructure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and yourfamily and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what theywant and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency —permanent dependency if you can get it —supported by a state only too ready toindulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of thejob search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle ofBritish welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk ofunemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Eventhe very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance”—invented in 1996 —is aboutredefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker”who had no mandatory right to abenefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,”conditional onactively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at ￡71.70 a week, oneof the least generous in the EU.1. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to[A]provide the unemployed with easieraccess to benefits.[B]encourage jobseekers’active engagementin job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to reportvoluntarily.[D]guarantee jobseekers’legitimate rightto benefits.2. The phrase, “to sign on”(Line 3, Para.2) most probably means[A]to check on the availability of jobs atthe jobcentre.[B]to accept the government’s restrictionson the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance from thegovernment.[D]to attend a governmental job-trainingprogram.3. What prompted the chancellor to develophis scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life forall.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness fortaxpayers.4. According to Paragraph 3, beingunemployed makes one feel[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.5. To which of the following would theauthor most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulgesjobseekers’laziness.[B]Osborne’s reforms will red uce the riskof unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’allowance has met theiractual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be madeconditional.中财金融硕士考研联考逻辑辅导四字诀：信、练、时、技第一是“信”，要树立自信，正视专业背景很多考生向我咨询时提出，“老师，逻辑是什么啊?我大学是文科，从来没有接触过啊?”、“老师，我大学是理科，也有课程讲过逻辑，但是和考试内容没有任何关系啊?”事实上，大部分考生在大学里都没接触过逻辑或是没有接受过系统的逻辑训练，所以要正视专业背景，树立自信。
2017年考研真题翻译
2017年考研真题翻译2017年考研英语真题已于近日发布，其中的翻译题一直是考生们备考的重点。
本文将对2017年考研英语翻译题进行解析，帮助考生们更好地应对翻译题的挑战。
首先，让我们来看一下2017年考研英语真题的翻译部分：Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)1. The rise of the Tea Party, Occupy Wall Street, the Bernie Sanders insurgency, and the raucous rallies of Donald Trump are the most obvious indication of a revolt against the political establishment. But these are not the only expressions of dissatisfaction with how the country is being governed. The more fundamental rebellion is taking place in primary elections all over the country.（2017年考研英语真题翻译）2. Large portions of the population are searching for something different, something much better, than being governed by a self-perpetuating managerial elite that is both unelected and largely unaccountable.（2017年考研英语真题翻译）3. While this may be a new challenge for the political parties, it is not exactly a new phenomenon. Similar moments of disruptive electoral rebellion have occurred about once every third generation in American history, fundamentally reshaping the party system.（2017年考研英语真题翻译）根据以上的翻译题，我们可以采用以下的格式来解答：1.对于第一句话，我们可以将其翻译为："茶党崛起、占领华尔街、伯尼·桑德斯的反抗以及唐纳德·特朗普的喧闹集会是对政治体制的公然叛逆的明显信号。
2017年考研英语二真题全文翻译解析(华明网校版)
2017 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题Section I Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blankand mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is nodifferent ， with academics， writers， and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will bedefined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital ， and the masses willstruggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort， one 4 by purposelessness： Without jobs to give theirlives 5 ， people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6today ’ s unemployed don ’ t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression， double therate for 7 Americans. Also， some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality ， mental-health problems， and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-agedpeople is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizingdullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without workwould be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the12 of being unemployedin a society built on the concept of employment. In the13 of work ， a society designed with other ends in mind could14 strikingly different circumstances for thefuture of labor and leisure. Today， the15 of work may be a bit overblown.“ Many jobs are boring， degrading， unhealthy ， and a waste of human potential，” saysJohn Danaher， a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days， because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers， peopleuse their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs.“ When I come home from a hard day’，s wI o rkften feel18 ，” Danaher says，adding ，“ In a world in which I don’ thave to work ， I might feel rather different”perhaps—different enough to throw himself19 a hobby or a passionproject with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1.[A] boasting[B] denying[C] warning[D] ensuring2.[A] inequality [B] instability[C] unreliability[D] uncertainty3.[A] policy[B]guideline[C] resolution[D] prediction4.[A] characterized[B]divided[C] balanced[D]measured5.[A] wisdom[B] meaning[C] glory[D] freedom6.[A] Instead[B] Indeed[C] Thus[D] Nevertheless7.[A] rich[B] urban[C]working[D] educated8.[A] explanation[B] requirement[C] compensation [D] substitute9.[A] under[B] beyond[C] alongside[D] among10.[A] leave behind[B] make up[C] worry about[D] set aside11.[A] statistically[B] occasionally[C] necessarily[D] economically12.[A] chances[B] downsides[C] benefits[D] principles13.[A] absence[B] height[C] face[D] course14.[A] disturb[B] restore[C] exclude[D] yield15.[A] model[B] practice[C] virtue[D] hardship16.[A] tricky[B] lengthy[C] mysterious[D] scarce17.[A] demands[B] standards[C] qualities[D] threats18.[A] ignored[B] tired[C] confused[D] starved19.[A] off[B] against[C] behind[D] into20.[A] technological[B] professional [C] educational[D] interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten yearsago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run －up to 2012－ but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. Theethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in theplanning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－ making sure there is space for playing fields and themoney to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do moreto provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.A．gained great popularityB．created many jobsC．strengthened community tiesD．become an official festival22.The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____.A．boost population growthB．promote sport participationC．improve the city's imageD．increase sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A．aims at discovering talentsB．focuses on mass competitionC．does not emphasize elitismD．does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____. A．organize "grassroots" sports eventsB．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubsD．invest in public sports facilities25.The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____. A．tolerantB．criticalC．uncertainD．sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’ s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget abouttheir own screen use.“ Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Ra in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximalengagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into thefamily routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by givingmother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devicesduring the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbalinteractions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phonesbecame a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emailswhile the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents faces’to try to understand their world, and ifthose faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in adevice－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “ stillface experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. Init, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on ablank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomesincreasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’ s attention. "Parents don' have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance andparents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child ’verbals or nonverbalexpressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use ofscreens are born out of an“ oppressive ideology thatndsdematht parents shouldalways be interacting” with their children:“ It ’ s based on a somewhat fantasized, v white, very upper-middle- class ideology that says if you’ re failing to expose your childto 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronickesthatbelievjust because a childisn ’ t learning from the screen doesn’ t mean there’－sparticularlynovaluetoifititgives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break fromtheir child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to afriend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which letsthen be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.A．simplify routine mattersB．absorb user attentionC．better interpersonal relationsD．increase work efficiency’ use of devices ______.27. Radesky ’ s -foodtesting exercise shows thatmothers A．takes away babies ’ appetiteB．distracts children’ s attentionC．slows down babies’ verbal developmentD．reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky ’ s cites the“ still face experiment” to show that _______.A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC．children are insensitive to changes in their parents ’ mood D．parentsneed to respond to children's emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______. A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC．ensure constant interaction with their childrenD．remain concerned about kid's use of screens30. According to Tronick, kid’ s use of screens may_______.A．give their parents some free timeB．make their parents more creativeC．help them with their homeworkD．help them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn t academic’.But while this may be true, it ’nots a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “raceto the finish line, whether”that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits－ in fact, it probably enhances it. Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes－ all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students endup changing their majors at least once. This isn ’surprising,t considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to anotherafter taking college classes. It ’nots necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____. A．they think it academically misleadingB．they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC．it feels strange to do differently from othersD．it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____. A．keep students from being unrealisticB．lower risks in choosing careersC．ease freshmen ’ s financial burdensD．relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word “ acclimation（Line”8, Para. 3） is closest in meaningto_____. A．adaptationB．applicationC．motivationD．competition34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.A．avoid academic failuresB．establish long-term goalsC．switch to another collegeD．decide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text would be_____.A．In Favor of the Gap YearB．The ABCs of the Gap YearC．The Gap Year Comes BackD．The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires － nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work － such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are goinginto construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federaldollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“ It ’alreadys a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the wholecountry, he” says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like,“ Wait a minute, this OK?”“ Dowe want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower- hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today viewsfire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the pastdecade, the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth fromgreenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’ t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“ The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactionsgo both ways," he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to "an overlysimplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and ofwhat the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be whollycontrolled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the Universityof Colorado. But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitudecrucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“ We’ vedisconnected ourselves from living with fire, ”Balch says. “ It is reallyimportant to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection withfire today. ”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015they_____.A．exhausted unprecedented management effortsB．consumed a record-high percentage of budgetC．severely damaged the ecology of western statesD．caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37.Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to _____.A．raise more funds for fire-prone areasB．avoid the redirection of federal moneyC．find wildfire-free parts of the landscapeD．guarantee safer spending of public funds38.While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____.A．public debates have not settled yetB．fire-fighting conditions are improvingC．other factors should not be overlookedD．a shift in the view of fire has taken place39.The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____. A．discover the fundamental makeup of natureB．explore the mechanism of the human systemsC．maximize the role of landscape in human lifeD．understand the interrelations of man and nature40.Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.A．do away withB．come to terms withC．pay a price forD．keep away fromPart BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly fromDonald Trump. "We don't make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades,and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: insteadof having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite tradecompetition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers－and upward pressure on wages. "They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that arealso doing an well as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flusteredby the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I love workingwith tools. I love creating." he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency forwestern Michigan.These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortagesfirst appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,"says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. "There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't needto have much skill. It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is."Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennialsinto manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives," she says.[A]says that he switched to electricalengineering because he loves workingwith tools 。
2017中财金融硕士考研英语核心词汇解析
2017中财金融硕士考研英语核心词汇解析401. instead of (=in place of) 代替，而不是…402. instruct…in (=teach) 教.指导.训练某人…403. insure…for 把…保险(多少钱); ensure 使安全; assure…(of) 使…确信,保证404. insure…against 保险…以防405. intend…for 打算把…给406. (be) intent on 专心致志, 坚决407. in the interests of 符合…的利益be interested in 对…感兴趣408. interfere in干涉, interfere with打搅,干扰409. at intervals 每隔一会儿, 每隔一段距离410. intervene in 干预411. invest in 投资412. be involved in (=become connected or concerned) 卷入, 参加413. by itself (=alone, without help)单独地,靠自己414. in itself 本身; of itself 自发,自然415. be jealous of 妒忌416. jump at (=to be eager to accept)抢着接受,417. jump on (=scold, tell of) 叱责418. junior to sb. 年纪较…轻, 职位较…低.419. (be) keen on 喜爱, 渴望420. keep a close watch on ( =keep a sharp lookout for) 密切注视421. keep…to oneself(=keep secret)不告诉别人422. to(the best of) one’s knowledge 据…所知423. at large(=at liberty, free) 在逃, 逍遥法外at large(=in general) 一般来说, 大体上at large(=at full length; with details)详细地424. lean against (背)靠着…425. at least 至少; at most 至多426. (not) in the least 一点(也不), 丝毫(也不)427. at one’s leisure 在…有空的时候428. lend itselfthemselves to适合于(某用途)429. at length (=after a long time, at last)终于at length (=in detail, thoroughly)详细地430. go to any length想一切办法, 尽一切力量431. be liable to (=be subject to)易于..的,应受(罚)432. be liable for 对…应负责任的433. lie in 在于434. in life 一生中435. for life 终身436. in the light of (=considering; taking into account) 考虑到, 根据437. throw light on ( = make clear, explain) 使…更为清楚, 提供线索, 阐明438. in line with(=in agreement with)符合,一致439. long for(=want very much)渴望,希望得到440. for long 很久,很长时间(否定句.疑问句中)441. before long (=soon)不久, 过了不久以后.442. in the long run (=in the end)从长远来说,最后; in the short term (从短期来说)443. (be) at a loss 不知所措444.major in 主修(某课程)445. as a matter of fact 实际上, 事实是446. by all means (=at all costs)不惜一切. (=certainly) 当然行;by means of用…; by no means 完全不, 决不447. on memory of 为纪念…448. on the mend (=in the process of recovering) 好转, 在康复中449. mention sth. to sb. 向某人提起某事450.at the mercy of (=in the power of) 任…摆布, 在…支配下中财金融硕士考研英语700个高频词汇汇编(十二)551. beyond (all) question (=without question) 毫无疑问552. out of the question (=impossible)不可能的553. in question (=under discussion)所谈及的;“考金融，选凯程”！凯程2014中财金融硕士保录班录取8人,专业课考点全部命中,凯程在金融硕士方面具有独到优势,全日制封闭式高三集训,并且在金融硕士方面有独家讲义\独家课程\独家师资\独家复试资源,确保学生录取.其中8人中有4人是二本学生,1人是三本学生,3人是一本学生,金融硕士只要进行远程+集训,一定可以取得成功.554. without question 毫无疑问555. be caught in the rain 被雨淋了556. at random (=without aim or purpose) 随便地, 任意地, 胡乱地557. range over (=cove, include) 范围包括558. range between 范围在..与..之间不等559. at any rate (=at all events)无论如何,总之560. beyond the reach of 无法达到(得到,理解)561. out of reach of 无法够到. within reach of (or within one’s reach) 够得到,能拿到562. react to 对…作出反应563. react on upon 对…产生影响564. react against 作出反抗或反对反应565. (be) ready for 准备好做…566. in reality (=in fact, really) 事实上567. beyond all reason 没有道理的568. by reason of (=because of) 由于,因为569. it stands to reason that …理所当然570. reason with (=argue) 劝说571. in the red 亏损,负债,赤字(be) get out of red 不再亏损572. refer to…as 把…称做…573. refer…to…(=send, take) 送交,呈交574.within reference to(=concerning, about)关于575. within regard to (=concerning)有关,关于576. give one’s regards to sb. 向…问候577. regardless of (=without worrying about, despite, in spite of) 不顾,不考虑578. inwith relation to 关于, 有关579. relevant to 与…有关的580. to one’s relief 令…感到放心的是581. relieve…of…解除,解脱;帮助拿,辞退582. rely on 依靠, 信赖583. remark on(upon) 对…发表评论584. remedy for 对…治疗法, 补救, 药物585. remind sb. of 提醒某人…,使某人向想起586. in good repair(=in good condition)处于良好状态; be under repair 在修理中587. reply to 答复, 回答588.beyond reproach不受责备的;beyond(all) reason毫无道理;beyond question毫无疑问;beyond belief以相信;beyond hope绝望589. resort to 诉诸于.., 求助于…resort to force 诉诸于武力590. inwith respect to (=concerning)有关,关于591. respond to 对…反应, 响应, 对(药)有效592. in response to(=as an answer to)回答,反应593. be response for 对…负责, 是造成…原因594. rest onupon(=be supported by)依靠,寄托595. rest with (=be in hand of) 在…手中, 是…的责任; 由…决定; 依靠596. restrain…from(=hold back from)抑制..不..597. restrict…to(=keep within limits)把..限制于..598. result in (=cause) 导致599. with the result that 其结果是600. in return (for) 作为报答; 以报答(for)。
中央财经大学2017年 金融专硕431金融学综合考研真题
2017年中央财经大学金融硕士专业课初试真题考试科目：金融学综合(431)一、单项选择题（每小题1分，共20分）1.关于国际货币制度描述正确的是（）。
A.国际金本位制和布雷顿森林体系都属于黄金货币化B.国际金本位制和布雷顿森林体系都是以金平价为基础、具有自动调节机制的固定汇率制C.布雷顿森林体系和牙买加体系都是黄金非货币化D.布雷顿森林体系和牙买加体系下的固定汇率都由金平价决定2.关于金本位制描述正确的是（）。
A金本位制下的货币都是通过信用方式发行的B金本位制都具有货币流通自动调节机制C金本位制度下流通中的货币都是金铸币D.金本位制中的货币材料都是黄金3.关于汇率理论以下描述正确的是（）。
A.购买力平价学说是以一价定律为假设前提的B.汇兑心理学说侧重于分析长期汇率水平的决定因素C.利率平价理论认为利率高的国家其货币的远期汇率会升水D.换汇成本学说是以国际借贷理论为基础发展起来的4.关于汇率的影响以下描述正确的是（）。
A.本币贬值有利于吸引资本流入B.马歇尔－勒纳条件是指当进出口商品需求弹性等于1时，本币贬值才能改善国际收支C.J曲线效应说明本币升值使出口出现先降后升的变化D.本币升值会增加对本币金融资产的需求5.关于商业信用以下描述正确的是（）。
A.商业票据可以发挥价值尺度的职能B.商业信用属于间接融资形式C.商业信用规模大，是长期融资形式D.商业信用一般由卖方企业向买方企业提供6.宏观经济周期对利率的影响表现为（）。
A.经济危机阶段，利率急剧下跌C.经济复苏阶段，利率逐渐提高B.经济萧条阶段，利率开始上涨D经济繁荣阶段，利率开始下跌7.对债权人而言，下列哪种情况最有利（）。
A.名义利率为6.12%,通货膨胀率为6.4%B.名义利率为5.22%,通货膨胀率为-o.8%C.名义利率为2.25%,通货膨胀率为0.4%D.名义利率为2.52%,通货膨胀率为2.0%8.以下不属于金融资产的金融工具是（）。
2017年中央财经大学金融硕士考研真题考研内部内部讲义
一、中央财经大学金融硕士考研报考统计考试内容（育明教育考研课程部）考试科目：政治英语一396经济类联考综合431金融学综合431金融学综合《金融学》李健高等教育出版社(2010)《公司财务》刘力北京大学出版社(2014第二版（2014）)复试参考书《金融市场学》张亦春、郑振龙、林海高等教育出版社(2008第三版)《商业银行经营学》戴国强高等教育出版社(2007第三版)《国际金融》张礼卿高等教育出版社(2011)《金融工程》郑振龙、陈蓉高等教育出版社(2010第二版)（更多考研信息可添加微信或拨打电话一三六四一二三一四九六）二、中央财经大学金融硕士考研真题2015年中央财经大学金融硕士考研真题一、名词解释：1、存款货币2、特别提款权3、永续年金4、MIRR专业2014年分数线2015年分数线（最高分、最低分）考试科目2014年录取人数2015年录取人数报录比2016年分数线2016年录取人数2016年分数线金融硕士341355政治英语一396经济联考431金融学综合114691:4.437992/112379-424二、简答题：1、国际货币制度的内容2、可转债的利弊3、互换的作用三、论述题：1、我国近年来使用的新型货币政策工具有哪些，分析他们的利弊2、影响汇率的因素和汇率对经济的影响，结合我国的汇率制度和人民币国际化谈谈对我国经济的影响四、计算题例11-11某公司的资金来源于公司债券，优先股和普通股，其中公司债券的税前成本分别为：发行量在1500万元以内，10%，发行量在1500-2000万之间，12%，发行量在2000万元以上，15%，优先股的成本则始终为12%。
普通股中留存收益的成本是15%，若发行新股，发行费用为发行收入的8%。
公司目前的资本总额为4000万元，公司债券、优先股和普通股的比例为30;5:65,即公司债券1200万元，优先股200万元，股东权益2600万元，公司所得税税率为33%，该公司下一年准备筹措新的资金，已知该公司预计可新增留存收益400万元，计算该公司不同筹资额内的加权平均资本成本。
2017中财金融硕士考研英语完形解题思路
2017中财金融硕士考研英语完形解题思路很多考研金融硕士的同学都是理科出身，这就有了一个弊端，英语水平不是很好，那么，考研金融硕士英语完形填空解析，给大家带来惊喜。
通常完型填空第(1)(2)题可能比较难。
在此，考生们不要着急、害怕。
那是纸老虎，是纸，不是老虎，看第一段乃至全文后再定夺亦可。
自己努力寻找所谓的搭配关系，尤其是通过角色互换，想到我们中文环境下熟悉而英语环境下陌生的搭配。
之前出现过的，之后就会考查你!选项里面有任何修辞意义的词汇，基本上是正确答案。
我们用角色互换的感觉去体会出题人的用意，就不难理解，即可确认答案也可做验证。
同时，考生们也可积极寻找和思考其他没有出题处的类似情况。
考研完型在“填空”的时候，切忌用中文的“搭配”去感觉，也就是所谓三大出题伎俩之一的“中文代入”。
要思考英语的搭配，不要死记，要理解和搜集。
所谓三大出题伎俩之一的“棒打鸳鸯”，也就是物理上的拆散搭配，其解决方法不难，就是找主干!去掉无聊的修饰性成分等等，也就是那个“棒子”。
例如：The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be ____49____ to explain....。
2015年考研英语阅读理解及答案汇总2015年考研英语翻译复习资料汇总考研完型有史以来“最难”的题目吧：When the work is well done, a __43__ of accident-free operations is established __44__ time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum。
43. [A] regulation [B] climate [C] circumstance [D] requirement44. [A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless为什么最难?因为这是相连的两道题，是定语从句的先行词和连接词。
【考研真题】2017年中央财经大学431金融硕士考研真题
【考研真题】2017年中央财经大学431金融硕士考研真题北京海翔智库教育科技有限公司成立于2015年，总部设立在首都北京，是一所专注北京地区985、211、及各个特色类艺术院校的考研培训机构。
主要从事考研辅导和专业课资料研发，并且花巨资聘请了各大名校硕士博士研究生，成立了专门的考研资料信息室，倾注了学长学姐们的大量心血和成功经验，致力于为考研学子服务！题目类型和分数设置没有变化，比较稳定，依然是90分金融学和60分公司理财，第一大题选择题1—13题，第二大题判断题1—13题为金融学部分，对应的一题二题的14—20题为公司理财知识。
第三大题计算题，每个10分（我在下面的回忆版都有标注），都是考查公司理财知识。
第四大题名词解释前三个、第五大题简答题前三个为金融学，第四大题后两个、第五大题最后一个为公司理财。
论述题为金融学相关的知识，一般都会结合金融热点，这两年命题的风格已经转变，不再单纯考查书本知识，更加注重考查平时对于金融行业的关注和知识储备。
一、选择题（每题1分，共20分）二、判断题（每题1分，共20分）三、计算题（每题10分，共30分）1.某公司负债规模2000万，负债利率为8%，股票200万股，40元每股。
无风险利率为6%，市场风险溢价为4%。
EBIT=1493.3万元，公司税率为40%。
公司如果增加负债，则会将旧债全部赎回，并全部替换为利率9%的新债。
当前公司的贝塔系数β=1。
（1）如果公司不负债，其贝塔系数是多少？（2）如果公司希望提高负债率到40%，其贝塔系数变为多少？（3）公司将负债率提高到40%后，其加权平均资本成本和公司价值各变为多少？2.沙河公司提供了如下财务数据：（1）目标资本结构是50%负债和50%股东权益；（2）税后债务成本为8%；（3）保留盈余的成本估计为13.5%；（4）股权融资成本估计为20%，如果公司发行新股票；（5）净收入为2500。
公司现有五个可选择的项目，如果执行剩余红利政策，其支付比率是多少？3.求两个项目的净现值相等时的贴现率是多少。
2017年考研英语真题(含答案解析)
2017年考研英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour. Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run－up to 2012－but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.A．gained great popularityB．created many jobsC．strengthened community tiesD．become an official festival22. The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____. A．boost population growthB．promote sport participationC．improve the city's imageD．increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A．aims at discovering talentsB．focuses on mass competitionC．does not emphasize elitismD．does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____. A．organize "grassroots" sports eventsB．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubsD．invest in public sports facilities25. The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____. A．tolerantB．criticalC．uncertainD．sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants a re wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” dev ised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed a s she tries to capture her mother’s attention. "Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasiz ed, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______. A．simplify routine mattersB．absorb user attentionC．better interpersonal relationsD．increase work efficiency27. Ra desky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.A．takes away babies’ appetiteB．distracts children’s attentionC．slows down babies’ verbal developmentD．reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC．children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ moodD．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______. A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC．ensure constant interaction with their childrenD．remain concerned about kid's use of screens29.【答案】C【解析】本题目为具体细节题。
2017年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2017年考研英语真题及答案完整解析2017年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语试题Section I U se of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2. To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8. One of the federal government’s studies 9 thatthe number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 thestreet. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have seriousmental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation willimprove only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, “There has to be 20 of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”1. [A] Indeed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore[D] Furthermore2. [A] stand[B] cope[C] approve[D] retain3. [A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward[B] add[C] take[D] keep5. [A] generally[B] almost[C] hardly[D] not6. [A] cover[B] change[C] range[D] differ7. [A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that8. [A] inflating[B] expanding[C] increasing[D] extending9. [A] predicts[B] displays[C] proves[D] discovers10. [A] assist[B] track[C] sustain[D] dismiss11. [A] Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12. [A] lodging[B] shelter[C] dwelling13. [A] searching[B] strolling[C] crowding[D] wandering14. [A] when[B] once[C] while[D] whereas15. [A] life[B] existence[C] survival[D] maintenance16. [A] around[B] over[C] on[D] up17. [A] complex[B] comprehensive[C] complementary[D] compensating18. [A] So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus19. [A] puts[B] interprets[C] assumes[D] makes20. [A] supervision[B] manipulation[C] regulation[D] coordinationSection II Reading Comprehension Part ARead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned inParagraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into Americansociety is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph4), the author implies that ________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomassof large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading toDr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reducedby 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the originalamount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheriesthan in the old33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3),Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changingsituation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the authorintends to show that ________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer”(Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably meanssomething ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling. He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confinedto a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions”letter. Noting themedical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketingdepartment continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior.And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he couldget back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but fora long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease.Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E] David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioralproblems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling isespecially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufactureevidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, anyThe definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.Section III WritingPart A51. DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图⽚，图1 把崇拜写在脸上；图2 花300元做“⼩贝头”注：Beckham是英国⾜球明星有两张照⽚，⼀张照⽚上有⼀位男⼠脸上写着⾜球明星的名字，另⼀张照⽚上有⼀个男⼦在理发，他要求理发师为他设计⼀个⼩贝克汉姆的发型。
2017年考研英语二翻译试题答案及解析
2017年考研英语二翻译试题答案及解析My DreamMy dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!2017年英语二的翻译题是一篇关于梦想的小短文，全文共5句话，前两句话比较简短且简单，后三句较长，但难度也都不大。
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2017中财金融学考研英语翻译真题详解1、When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family".当我决定辞去自己的全日制工作时决没有想到，自己竟成了一种新的国际性潮流的一分子。
一次平级的人事调动伤了我的自尊心，并阻断了我的事业发展，这促使我放弃自己地位较高的职业，当然，就像面子扫尽的政府部长那样，我也掩饰说“我只想与家人更多的呆在一起”。
2、Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term "downshifting" has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of "have it all",preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of she magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.奇怪的是，大约两年半的时间我写完两部小说后，我这个被美国人称为“放慢生活节奏”的试验，却使我太疲惫的借口变成了现实。
我已从一个“获得一切”哲学(琳达•凯茜过去七年中在《她》这本杂志所宣扬的)的狂热支持者，变成了一个乐于接受任何东西只要一丁点的女人。
3、I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignationfrom the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrineof "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on "quality time".我已经发现(由于压力过大，凯茜已多次公开宣称要辞去《她》杂志编辑的职务，在这之后她也许会有同样发现)，放弃“忙忙碌碌”的生活哲学，转而过一种“放慢生活节奏”的生活所带来的回报，比经济成功和社会地位更有价值。
什么也说服不了我回到过去那种凯茜所宣扬的、我也曾自得其乐的生活中去：每天12小时的工作日，压得人喘不过气来的最后期限，可怕而紧张的办公室的争权夺利，以及因为时间有限连做母亲也得“高效率”所造成的种种限制。
4、In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting —also known in America as "voluntary simplicity" —has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. There are anumber of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.在美国，摆脱忙碌，转而过一种简单、不大物质化的生活已成明确趋势。
具有讽刺意味的是，“放慢生活节奏”——在美国也称“自愿简单化”——甚至孕育了一个崭新的、可称之为反消费主义的生活方式。
对于那些想简单生活的人来说，有许多很畅销的帮你轻松生活的自助书籍;有各种简讯，例如省钱简报，会给美国人提供成千上万条有用的点子去做事，从回收保鲜腊到自制肥皂;甚至还有一些帮助团体，帮人按90年代中期脱离传统社会的人的生活方式去生活。
5、While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline —after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late '80s —and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.在美国，这种趋势一开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应——出现于80年代后期缩小经济规模所引起的大量人员冗余之后——在英国，至少在我所认识的中产阶级的简化生活者中，这种趋势仍被认为与节俭政治有关联，虽然如此，然而我们有着不同的缘由去寻求使自己的生活简单化。
线性代数知识点框架(一)线性代数的学习切入点：线性方程组。
换言之，可以把线性代数看作是在研究线性方程组这一对象的过程中建立起来的学科。
线性方程组的特点：方程是未知数的一次齐次式，方程组的数目s和未知数的个数n可以相同，也可以不同。
关于线性方程组的解，有三个问题值得讨论：(1)、方程组是否有解，即解的存在性问题;(2)、方程组如何求解，有多少个解;(3)、方程组有不止一个解时，这些不同的解之间有无内在联系，即解的结构问题。
高斯消元法，最基础和最直接的求解线性方程组的方法，其中涉及到三种对方程的同解变换：(1)、把某个方程的k倍加到另外一个方程上去;(2)、交换某两个方程的位置;(3)、用某个常数k乘以某个方程。
我们把这三种变换统称为线性方程组的初等变换。
任意的线性方程组都可以通过初等变换化为阶梯形方程组。
由具体例子可看出，化为阶梯形方程组后，就可以依次解出每个未知数的值，从而求得方程组的解。
对方程组的解起决定性作用的是未知数的系数及其相对位置，所以可以把方程组的所有系数及常数项按原来的位置提取出来，形成一张表，通过研究这张表，就可以判断解的情况。
我们把这样一张由若干个数按某种方式构成的表称为矩阵。
可以用矩阵的形式来表示一个线性方程组，这至少在书写和表达上都更加简洁。
系数矩阵和增广矩阵。
高斯消元法中对线性方程组的初等变换，就对应的是矩阵的初等行变换。
阶梯形方程组，对应的是阶梯形矩阵。
换言之，任意的线性方程组，都可以通过对其增广矩阵做初等行变换化为阶梯形矩阵，求得解。
阶梯形矩阵的特点：左下方的元素全为零，每一行的第一个不为零的元素称为该行的主元。
对不同的线性方程组的具体求解结果进行归纳总结(有唯一解、无解、有无穷多解)，再经过严格证明，可得到关于线性方程组解的判别定理：首先是通过初等变换将方程组化为阶梯形，若得到的阶梯形方程组中出现0=d这一项，则方程组无解，若未出现0=d一项，则方程组有解;在方程组有解的情况下，若阶梯形的非零行数目r等于未知量数目n，方程组有唯一解，若r<N，则方程组有无穷多解。
< p>在利用初等变换得到阶梯型后，还可进一步得到最简形，使用最简形，最简形的特点是主元上方的元素也全为零，这对于求解未知量的值更加方便，但代价是之前需要经过更多的初等变换。
在求解过程中，选择阶梯形还是最简形，取决于个人习惯。
常数项全为零的线性方程称为齐次方程组，齐次方程组必有零解。
齐次方程组的方程组个数若小于未知量个数，则方程组一定有非零解。
利用高斯消元法和解的判别定理，以及能够回答前述的基本问题(1)解的存在性问题和(2)如何求解的问题，这是以线性方程组为出发点建立起来的最基本理论。
对于n个方程n个未知数的特殊情形，我们发现可以利用系数的某种组合来表示其解，这种按特定规则表示的系数组合称为一个线性方程组(或矩阵)的行列式。
行列式的特点：有n!项，每项的符号由角标排列的逆序数决定，是一个数。