2009年高考安徽卷理综物理(含答案)
2009年高考安徽卷(理综)试题及答案
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）理科综合能力测试第I 卷（选择题，共120分）本卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
以下数据可供解题时参考：相对原子质量（原子量）：H 1 C 12 O 16 S 32 r c 52 e F 56 1、 叶绿体是植物进行光合作用的场所。
下列关于叶绿体结构与功能的叙述，正确的是 A 叶绿体中的色素 主要分布在类囊体腔内B 2H O 在光下分解为 [ H ]和2O 的过程发生在基质中C C 2O 的固定过程发生在类囊题薄膜上D 光合作用的产物—淀粉是在基质中合成的2、细胞的分化、衰老和凋亡是普遍存在的生命现象。
下列有关叙述正确的是 A 人体各种组织细胞的衰老是同步进行的B 人的早期胚胎有尾，尾部细胞随着发育逐渐凋亡C 细胞癌变是细胞高度分化的结果D 皮肤上的“老年斑”是细胞凋亡的产物3.用奶瓶培养黑腹果蝇，观察成虫数量的变化，结果如下表：根据表中的数据分析，下列结论正确的是A. 第13~25天，成虫数量增长快的主要原因是个体生长加快B. 第17~29天，成虫增长率上死亡率下降C. 第21~37天，成虫增长率的下降与种群密度的改变有关D. 第1~37天，成虫数量呈“J ”型增长4.2008年诺贝尔化学奖授予了“发现和发展了水母绿色荧光蛋白”的三位科学家。
将绿色荧光蛋白基因的片段与目的基因连接起来组成一个融合基因，再将该融合基因转入真核生物细胞内，表达出的蛋白质就会带有绿色荧光。
绿色荧光蛋白在该研究中的主要作用是 A ．追踪目的基因在细胞内的复制过程 B ．追踪目的基因插入到染色体上的位置C ．追踪目的基因编码的蛋白质在细胞内的分布D ．追踪目的基因编码的蛋白质的空间分布 5.已知人的红绿色盲属X 染色体隐性遗传，先天性耳聋是常染色体隐性遗传（D 对d 完全显性）。
下图中Ⅱ2为色觉正常的耳聋患者，Ⅱ5为听觉正常的色盲患者。
2009年安徽省高考理综试题及答案(word版含答案)
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）理科综合能力测试本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第n卷（非选择）两部分，第一卷第1页至第5页，第n卷第6页至第12页。
全卷满分300分。
考生注意事项：1. 答题前，务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号，并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、座位号与本人姓名、座位号是否一致。
务必在答题卡背面规定的地方填写姓名和座位号后两位。
For pers onal use only in study and research; not for commercial use2. 答第一卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 答第二卷时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上.书写，要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。
作图题可先用铅笔在答题卡.规定的位置给出，确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。
必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、.... 草稿纸上答题无效。
4. 考试结束，务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
For personal use only in study and research; not forcommercialuse第I卷本卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
以下数据可供解题时参考：For pers onal use only in study and research; not for commercial use相对原子质量（原子量）：H 1 C 12 O 16 S 12 Cr 52 Fe 561. 叶绿体是植物进行光合作用的场所。
下列关于叶绿体结构与功能的叙述，正确的是A. 叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体腔内B. For pers onal use only in study and research; not for commercial useC.C. H2O在光下分解为［H］和02的过程发生在基质中D. CO2的固定过程发生在类囊体薄膜上E. 光合作用的产物一一淀粉是在基质中合成的2. 细胞的分化、衰老和凋亡是普遍存在的生命现象。
2009年安徽省高考物理
2009年安徽高考物理14．原子核聚变可望给人类未来提供丰富的洁净能源。
当氘等离子体被加热到适当高温时，氘核参与的几种聚变反应可能发生，放出能量。
这几种反应的总效果可以表示为MeV 43.15n 2H He H 610114221+++→d k 平衡条件可知A ．k =1，d =4B ．k =2，d =2C ．k =1，d =6D ．k =2，d =315．2009年2月11日，俄罗斯的“宇宙—2251”卫星和美国“铱—33”卫星在西伯利亚上空约805km 处发生碰撞。
这是历史上首次发生的完整在轨卫星碰撞事件。
碰撞过程中产生的大量碎片可能会影响太空环境。
假定有甲、乙两块碎片，绕地球运动的轨道都是圆，甲的运行速率比乙的大，则下列说法中正确的是A ．甲的运行周期一定比乙的长B ．甲距地面的高度一定比乙的高C ．甲的向心力一定比乙的小D ．甲的加速度一定比乙的大16．大爆炸理论认为，我们的宇宙起源于137亿年前的一次大爆炸。
除开始瞬间外，在演化至今的大部分时间内，宇宙基本上是匀速膨胀的。
上世纪末，对1A 型超新星的观测显示，宇宙正在加速膨胀。
面对这个出人意料的发现，宇宙学家探究其背后的原因，提出宇宙的大部分可能由暗能量组成，它们的排斥作用导致宇宙在近段天文时期内开始加速膨胀。
如果真是这样，则标志宇宙大小的宇宙半径R 和宇宙年龄t 的关系，大致是下面哪个图像？A ．B ．C ．D17．为了节约能量，某商场安装了智能化的电动扶梯。
无人乘行时，扶梯运转得很慢；有人站上扶梯时，它会先慢慢加速，再匀速运转。
一顾客乘扶梯上楼，恰好经历了这两个过程，发图所示。
那么下列说法中正确的是 A ．顾客始终受到三个力的作用 B ．顾客始终处于超重状态C ．顾客对扶梯作用力的方向先指左下方，再竖直向下D ．顾客对扶梯作用力的方向先指右下方，再竖直向下18．在光滑的绝缘水平面上，有一个正方形abcd ，顶点a 、c 分别固定一个正点电荷，电荷量相等，如图所示。
2009高考全国卷1理综物理(含标准答案)
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国1卷）理综物理部分二、选择题(本题共8小题,在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个选项正确,全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得０分)14．下列说法正确的是A ． 气体对器壁的压强就是大量气体分子作用在器壁单位面积上的平均作用力B ． 气体对器壁的压强就是大量气体分子单位时间作用在器壁上的平均冲量 Ｃ． 气体分子热运动的平均动能减少，气体的压强一定减小Ｄ. 单位面积的气体分子数增加，气体的压强一定增大１5. 某物体左右两侧各有一竖直放置的平面镜,两平面镜相互平行，物体距离左镜4m,右镜8m ，如图所示,物体在左镜所成的像中从右向左数的第三个像与物体的距离是A.２4mB.32mC.4０mD.４8m16.氦氖激光器能产生三种波长的激光,其中两种波长分别为1λ=0.6328µｍ,2λ=3．39µm,已知波长为1λ的激光是氖原子在能级间隔为1E ∆=1.96e Ｖ的两个能级之间跃迁产生的。
用2E ∆表示产生波长为2λ的激光所对应的跃迁的能级间隔,则2E ∆的近似值为A.10.5０eV B ．0.98eV C. 0.５３eV D. 0.36eV１7.如图,一段导线a ｂｃd 位于磁感应强度大小为B 的匀强磁场中，且与磁场方向(垂直于纸面向里）垂直。
线段ab 、bc 和cd 的长度均为Ｌ，且0135abc bcd ∠=∠=。
流经导线的电流为I,方向如图中箭头所示。
导线段a ｂｃd 所受到的磁场的作用力的合力A. 方向沿纸面向上,大小为(21)ILB +B ． 方向沿纸面向上,大小为(21)ILB -C. 方向沿纸面向下，大小为(21)ILB +Ｄ． 方向沿纸面向下,大小为(21)ILB -18.如图所示。
一电场的电场线分布关于y轴（沿竖直方向)对称，O、M、N是y轴上的三个点，且ＯM＝MN，P点在ｙ轴的右侧，ＭＰ⊥ON,则A．M点的电势比P点的电势高B.将负电荷由O点移动到Ｐ点，电场力做正功C. M、N 两点间的电势差大于O、M两点间的电势差Ｄ.在O点静止释放一带正电粒子,该粒子将沿ｙ轴做直线运动19．天文学家新发现了太阳系外的一颗行星。
【物理】2009年高考试题——理综(全国卷2)物理部分(含解析)
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试试题卷理科综合(物理部分)第Ⅰ卷 （选择题）本卷共21小题，每小题6分，共126分。
二、选择题（本题共8小题。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个选项正确。
全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分） 14. 下列关于简谐振动和简谐波的说法，正确的是A ．媒质中质点振动的周期一定和相应的波的周期相等B ．媒质中质点振动的速度一定和相应的波的波速相等C ．波的传播方向一定和媒质中质点振动的方向一致D ．横波的波峰与波谷在振动方向上的距离一定是质点振幅的两倍。
15. 两物体甲和乙在同一直线上运动，它们在0～0.4s 时间内的v-t 图象如图所示。
若仅在两物体之间存在相互作用，则物体甲与乙的质量之比和图中时间t 1分别为A ．13和0.30s B ．3和0.30s C ．13和0.28s D ．3和0.28s16. 如图，水平放置的密封气缸内的气体被一竖直隔板分隔为左右两部分，隔板可在气缸内无摩擦滑动，右侧气体内有一电热丝。
气缸壁和隔板均绝热。
初始时隔板静止，左右两边气体温度相等。
现给电热丝提供一微弱电流，通电一段时间后切断电源。
当缸内气体再次达到平衡时，与初始状态相比A ．右边气体温度升高，左边气体温度不变B ．左右两边气体温度都升高C ．左边气体压强增大D ．右边气体内能的增加量等于电热丝放出的热量17. 因为测量某电源电动势和内阻时得到的U-I 图线。
用此电源与三个阻值均为3 的电阻连接成电路，测得路端电压为4.8V 。
则该电路可能为18. 氢原子的部分能级如图所示。
已知可见光的光子能量在1.62eV到3.11eV之间。
由此可推知, 氢原子A. 从高能级向n=1能级跃迁时了出的光的波长比可见光的短B. 从高能级向n=2能级跃迁时发出的光均为可见光C. 从高能级向n=3能级跃迁时发出的光的频率比可见光的高D. 从n=3能级向n=2能级跃迁时发出的光为可见光19. 图中虚线为匀强电场中与场强方向垂直的等间距平行直线。
2009安徽高考物理试卷及答案
2009安徽高考物理试卷及答案理科综合能力测试物理部分第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共120分）本卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
14．原子核聚变可望给人类未来提供丰富的洁净能源。
当氘等离子体被加热到适当高温时，氘核参与的几种聚变反应可能发生，放出能量。
这几种反应总的效果可以表示为241112106243.15H k He d H n MeV →+++由平衡条件可知A ．k =1 d =4B ．k =2 d =2C ．k =1 d =6D ．k =2 d =3 答案：B解析：由质量数守恒和电荷数守恒，分别有410k d +=，26k d +=，解得 k =2，d=2。
正确选项为B 。
15．2009年2月11日，俄罗斯的“宇宙-2251”卫星和美国的“铱-33”卫星在西伯利亚上空约 805km 处发生碰撞。
这是历史上首次发生的完整在轨卫星碰撞事件。
碰撞过程中产生的 大量碎片可能会影响太空环境。
假定有甲、乙两块碎片，绕地球运动的轨道都是圆，甲的运行速率比乙的大，则下列说法中正确的是 A ．甲的运行周期一定比乙的长 B ．甲距地面的高度一定比乙的高 C ．甲的向心力一定比乙的小 D ．甲的加速度一定比乙的大 答案：D解析：由v =甲的速率大，甲碎片的轨道半径小，故B 错；由公式T 2=可知甲的周期小故A 错；由于未知两碎片的质量，无法判断向心力的大小，故C 错；碎片的加速度是指引力加速度由2GM m ma R =得2GMa R =，可知甲的加速度比乙大，故D 对。
16．大爆炸理论认为，我们的宇宙起源于137亿年前的一次大爆炸。
除开始瞬间外，在演化至今的大部分时间内，宇宙基本上是匀速膨胀的。
上世纪末，对1A 型超新星的观测显示，宇宙正在加速膨胀，面对这个出人意料的发现，宇宙学家探究其背后的原因，提出宇宙的大部分可能由暗能量组成，它们的排斥作用导致宇宙在近段天文时期内开始加速膨胀。
2009年安徽省高考物理试题及答案解析
姓名 座位号（在此卷上答题无效）绝密 ★ 启封前2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）理科综合能力测试物理部分第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共120分）本卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
14．原子核聚变可望给人类未来提供丰富的洁净能源。
当氘等离子体被加热到适当高温时，氘核参与的几种聚变反应可能发生，放出能量。
这几种反应总的效果可以表示为241112106243.15H k He d H n MeV →+++由平衡条件可知A ．k =1 d =4B ．k =2 d =2C ．k =1 d =6D ．k =2 d =3答案：B解析：由质量数守恒和电荷数守恒，分别有410k d +=，26k d +=，解得 k =2，d=2。
正确选项为B 。
15．2009年2月11日，俄罗斯的“宇宙-2251”卫星和美国的“铱-33”卫星在西伯利亚上空约 805km 处发生碰撞。
这是历史上首次发生的完整在轨卫星碰撞事件。
碰撞过程中产生的 大量碎片可能会影响太空环境。
假定有甲、乙两块碎片，绕地球运动的轨道都是圆，甲的运行速率比乙的大，则下列说法中正确的是A ．甲的运行周期一定比乙的长B ．甲距地面的高度一定比乙的高C ．甲的向心力一定比乙的小D ．甲的加速度一定比乙的大答案：D解析：由GM v r =甲的速率大，甲碎片的轨道半径小，故B 错；由公式3R T 2GM =可知甲的周期小故A 错；由于未知两碎片的质量，无法判断向心力的大小，故C 错；碎片的加速度是指引力加速度由2GM m ma R =得2GM a R=，可知甲的加速度比乙大，故D 对。
16．大爆炸理论认为，我们的宇宙起源于137亿年前的一次大爆炸。
除开始瞬间外，在演化至今的大部分时间内，宇宙基本上是匀速膨胀的。
上世纪末，对1A 型超新星的观测显示，宇宙正在加速膨胀，面对这个出人意料的发现，宇宙学家探究其背后的原因，提出宇宙的大部分可能由暗能量组成，它们的排斥作用导致宇宙在近段天文时期内开始加速膨胀。
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试（安徽卷）参考答案第Ⅰ卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。
1.D2.B3.C4.C5.A6.D7.D8.A9.B 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.B15.D 16.C 17.C 18.D 19.A 20.A第Ⅱ卷共11题，共180分。
21.（18分）I ．23.0Ma 0.57V 320ΩII ．（1）3 ， 0.6 ；1 ， 0～10 。
（2）电压表的分流。
III ． D22. （14分）解法一：（1）设运动员和吊椅的质量分别为M 和m;绳拉运动员的力为F.以运动员和吊绳整体对象，受到重力的大小为（M+m ）g,向上的拉力为2F,根据牛顿第二定律 2F-(m 人+ m 椅)g=(m 人+ m 椅)aF=440N根据牛顿第三定律，运动员拉绳的力大小为440N,方向竖直向下。
（2）以运动员为研究对象，运动员受到三个力的作用，重力大小为Mg,绳的拉力F,吊绳对运动员的支持力F N ,根据牛顿第二定律F+F N -Mg= MaF N =275N根据牛顿第三定律，运动员对吊椅压力大小为275N ，方向竖直向下。
解法二：运动员和吊椅的质量分别为M 和m 1，运动员竖直向下的拉力为F,对吊椅的压力大小为N F ，根据牛顿第三定律，绳对运动员的拉力为大小为F,吊椅对运动员的支持力为N F ，分别以运动员和吊椅为研究对象，根据牛顿第二定律N F F Mg Ma +-= ①N F F mg ma --= ②由①②得 F=440NN F =275N23.（16分）(1)微粒1在y 方向不受力，做匀速直线运动；在X 方向由于受恒定的电场力，做匀加速直线运动。
所以微粒1做的是类平设微粒1分裂时的速度为1v ,微粒2的速度为2v ，则有： 在Y 方向上有1d v t -=在X 方向上有qEa m = 212d at -=1v =根号外的负号表示沿y 负方向中性微粒分裂成两微粒时，遵守动量守恒定律，有12210mv mv v v +==-=方向沿y 正方向（2）设微粒1到达（0，-d ）点时的速度为v ,则电场力做功的瞬时功率为 cos B Bx p qEv qEV θ==其中由运动学公式Bx v ==所以m qEd -qEP 2=(3)两微粒的运动具有对称性，如图所示，当微粒1到达（0，-d ）点时发生位移1s =则当微粒1到达（0，-d ）点时，两微粒间的距离为BC=12s =24.(1)设小于经过第一个圆轨道的最高点时的速度为1v ,根据动能定理小球在最高点受到重力mg 和轨道对它的作用力F,根据牛顿第二定律211v F mg m R += ②由①②得 10.0F N= ③ 222v mg m R = ④22132011()222mg L L mgR mv mv μ+-=- ⑤由④⑤得 L=12.5L ⑥(3) 要保证小球不脱离轨道，可分为两种情况进行讨论：Ⅰ轨道半径较小时，小球恰能通过第三个圆形轨道，设在最高点的速度为3v ，应满足233v mg m R = ⑦ 22133011(2)222mg L L mgR mv mv μ+-=- ⑧由⑥⑦⑧得 3R =0.4mⅡ轨道半径较大时，小球上升的最大速度为3R ，根据动能定理 21301(2)202mg L L mgR mv μ+-=-解得 3R =1.0m为了保证圆轨道不重叠，3R 最大值应满足 2222332()()R R L R R +=+-解得 3R =27.9综合Ⅰ、Ⅱ，要使小球不脱离轨道，则第三个圆轨道的半径须满足下面条件'20102mgL mv μ=-25. （17分）（1）二 V A 弱（2）1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 4 大（3）Cu + 2H 2SO 4(浓)△CuSO 4 + SO 2↑+ 2H 2O （4）3FeO(s) + 2Al(s) Al 2O 3(s) + 3Fe(s) △H=－859.7kJ/mol26. （1）CH3CHO （2）取代反应（3）（5）A、B、D27. （1）Cr2O72- + 6 Fe2＋+ 14 H＋ 2 Cr3+ + 6 Fe3＋+ 7 H2O（2）将一小块pH试纸放在表面皿上，用玻璃棒蘸取少量待测液，点在pH试纸上，再与标准比色卡对照（3）Fe(OH)3、Fe(OH)2（4）13.928. （1）（2）8.0×10-6（3）过氧化氢在温度过高时迅速分解（4）反应速率趋向于零（或该降解反应趋于停止）（5）将所取样品迅速加入到一定量的NaOH溶液中，使pH约为10（或将所取样品骤冷等其他合理答案均可）29. (15分)Ⅰ.（1）有氧呼吸快先递增后递减（2）种子的无氧呼吸产生了CO2Ⅱ. （2）用蒸馏水稀释乙烯利溶液，配置成4种浓度（要求在0～100mg·L-1、100～200mg·L-1、200～300mg·L-1三个区间各至少取一种浓度）（3）取等量上述各浓度乙烯利溶液，用喷壶分别喷洒各组黄瓜幼苗一次（4）各组雌花数（或各组每株平均雌花数）实验结果预测：如配置的浓度为0、50、150、250mg·L-1，折线图为[要求在横坐标上注明上述（2）配置的浓度] 30. （18分）Ⅰ.（1）静息0mv 内（2）轴突末梢（3）突触后膜上的特异性受体Ⅱ.体温调节中枢甲状腺激素骨骼肌收缩皮肤毛细血管舒张31.（21分）（1）两（2）AaBb aaBB、AAbb、aabb（3）Aabb×aaBB AAbb×aaBb遗传图解（只要求写一组）（4）紫花:红花:白花=9:3:4（5）①T-DNA ②标记基因③复制原点。
2009年高考安徽卷理综物理(含参考答案)
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）理科综合能力测试物理试卷第Ⅰ卷在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
14.原子核聚变可望给人类未来提供丰富的洁净能源。
当氖等离子体被加热到适当高温时，氖核参241112106H k 243.15He d H n MeV →+++A.k=1,d=4B.k=2,d=2 C.k=1,d=6D.k=2,d=315.2009年2月11日，俄罗斯的“宇宙-2251”805kmA.B.C.D.16.1A 型超新星的观测显示，宇宙正在加速膨胀，提出宇宙的大部分可能由暗能量组成，如果真是这样，则标志宇宙大小的宇宙半径R 和宇宙年龄的关系，大致是下面哪个图像？17.为了节省能量，某商场安装了智能化的电动扶梯。
无人乘行时，扶梯运转得很慢；有人站上扶梯时，它会先慢慢加速，再匀速运转。
一顾客乘扶梯上楼，恰好经历了这两个过程，如图所示。
那么下列说法中正确的是A.顾客始终受到三个力的作用B.顾客始终处于超重状态C.顾客对扶梯作用力的方向先指向左下方，再竖直向下D.顾客对扶梯作用的方向先指向右下方，再竖直向下18.在光滑的绝缘水平面上，有一个正方形的abcd ，顶点a 、c 处分别固定一个正点电荷，电荷量相等，如图所示。
若将一个带负电的粒子置于b 点，自由释放，粒子将沿着对角线bd 往复运动。
粒子从b 点运动到d 点的过程中A.先作匀加速运动，后作匀减速运动B.先从高电势到低电势，后从低电势到高电势C.电势能与机械能之和先增大，后减小D.电势能先减小，后增大19.右图是科学史上一张着名的实验照片，分析此径迹可知粒子 A.带正电，由下往上运动 B.带正电，由上往下运动 C.带负电，由上往下运动 D.带负电，由下往上运动20.的矩形导线框abcd ，水平旋转在匀强磁场中，磁场的磁450角，o 、o’分别是ab 和cd 边的中点。
现将线框右半边C.BSRD.0 21.（18Ⅰ.（6几次测量，指针分别处于a 、b 的位置，如图所示。
【物理】2009年高考试题——理综(全国2含解析
绝密★启用前2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试试题卷理科综合(物理部分)本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至5页，第Ⅱ卷6至14页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘巾在答题卡上指定位置。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上，对应题目的答案标号涂写，如写改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，答在试题卷上无效。
3.非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字夂答在答题卡上每题对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上无效。
4.考试结束，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题）本卷共21小题，每小题6分，共126分。
二、选择题（本题共8小题。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个选项正确。
全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分）14. 下列关于简谐振动和简谐波的说法，正确的是A．媒质中质点振动的周期一定和相应的波的周期相等B．媒质中质点振动的速度一定和相应的波的波速相等C．波的传播方向一定和媒质中质点振动的方向一致D．横波的波峰与波谷在振动方向上的距离一定是质点振幅的两倍。
答案AD【解析】本题考查机械波和机械振动.介质中的质点的振动周期和相应的波传播周期一致A 正确.而各质点做简谐运动速度随时间作周期性的变化,但波在介质中是匀速向前传播的,所以不相等,B错.对于横波而言传播方向和振动方向是垂直的,C错.根据波的特点D正确. 15. 两物体甲和乙在同一直线上运动，它们在0～0.4s时间内的v-t图象如图所示。
若仅在两物体之间存在相互作用，则物体甲与乙的质量之比和图中时间t1分别为A ．13和0.30sB ．3和0.30sC ．13和0.28sD ．3和0.28s 答案B【解析】本题考查图象问题.根据速度图象的特点可知甲做匀加速,乙做匀减速.根据tv a ∆∆=得乙甲a a =3,根据牛顿第二定律有乙甲m F m F 31=,得3=乙甲m m ,由ts m a -===4.01/104.042乙,得t=0.3s,B 正确. 16. 如图，水平放置的密封气缸内的气体被一竖直隔板分隔为左右两部分，隔板可在气缸内无摩擦滑动，右侧气体内有一电热丝。
2009年高考试题——理综(安徽卷)解析版
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）理科综合能力测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择）两部分，第一卷第1页至第5页，第Ⅱ卷第6页至第12页。
全卷满分300分。
考生注意事项：1. 答题前，务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号，并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、座位号与本人姓名、座位号是否一致。
务必在答题卡背面规定的地方填写姓名和座位号后两位。
2. 答第一卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 答第二卷时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写，要求字体工整、．．．．笔迹清晰。
作图题可先用铅笔在答题卡规定的位置给出，确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字．．．笔描清楚。
必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．草稿纸上答题无效。
．．．．．．．．4. 考试结束，务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷本卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
以下数据可供解题时参考：相对原子质量（原子量）：H 1 C 12 O 16 S 12 Cr 52 Fe 56 1.A.B.C.D. 叶绿体是植物进行光合作用的场所。
下列关于叶绿体结构与功能的叙述，正确的是叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体腔内 H2O在光下分解为[H]和O2的过程发生在基质中 CO2的固定过程发生在类囊体薄膜上光合作用的产物——淀粉是在基质中合成的答案：D解析：叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体膜上，H2O在光下分解的过程也是在类囊体膜上进行的，CO2的固定和淀粉的合成发生在暗反应中，在叶绿体的基质中进行。
所以D正确。
2.A.细胞的分化、衰老和凋亡是普遍存在的生命现象。
下列有关叙述正确的是人体各种组织细胞的衰老是同步进行的。
2009年全国高考理综试题及答案-安徽卷
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）理科综合能力测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择）两部分，第一卷第1页至第5页，第Ⅱ卷第6页至第12页。
全卷满分300分。
考生注意事项：1. 答题前，务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号，并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、座位号与本人姓名、座位号是否一致。
务必在答题卡背面规定的地方填写姓名和座位号后两位。
2. 答第一卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 答第二卷时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写，要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。
作图题可先用铅笔在答题卡规定的位置给出，确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。
必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
4. 考试结束，务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷本卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
以下数据可供解题时参考：相对原子质量（原子量）：H 1 C 12 O 16 S 12 Cr 52 Fe 561. 叶绿体是植物进行光合作用的场所。
下列关于叶绿体结构与功能的叙述，正确的是A.叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体腔内B.H2O在光下分解为[H]和O2的过程发生在基质中C.CO2的固定过程发生在类囊体薄膜上D.光合作用的产物——淀粉是在基质中合成的答案：D解析：叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体膜上，H2O在光下分解的过程也是在类囊体膜上进行的，CO2的固定和淀粉的合成发生在暗反应中，在叶绿体的基质中进行。
所以D正确。
2. 细胞的分化、衰老和凋亡是普遍存在的生命现象。
下列有关叙述正确的是A.人体各种组织细胞的衰老是同步进行的B.人的早期胚胎有尾，尾部细胞随着发育逐渐凋亡C.细胞癌变是细胞高度分化的结果D.皮肤上的“老年斑”是细胞凋亡的产物答案：B解析：细胞会随着分裂次数的增多而衰老，可见人体各组织细胞的衰老不是同步进行的；环境中的致癌因子损伤细胞中的DNA，使原癌基因和抑癌基因发生突变，导致正常细胞的生长和分裂失控而变成癌细胞，是细胞不正常分化的结果；皮肤上的老年斑是细胞内的色素随细胞的衰老而逐渐积累的结果；人的早期胚胎有尾，尾部细胞会随着发育逐渐凋亡。
[理综]2009年高考安徽理科综合试题及参考答案
![[理综]2009年高考安徽理科综合试题及参考答案](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/d6e8190b6c85ec3a87c2c5e5.png)
短文改错练习Once, lately at night, an Englishman came out of his room into a passage of the hotel and ask the servant to bring her a glass of water. The servant did like he was asked. The Englishman returned his room, and a few minutes later he came into the passage again and once more asked the servant a glass of water. Every a few minutes the Englishman would come out of his room and repeated his request. After half an hour the astonishing servant decided to ask the man what he was doing with the water. "Nothing," answered him calmly. "It's simply that the room is on fire.短文改错练习I gave my housekeeper an old pair trousers to wash and went in the study to read. My housekeeper usually looked through my pocket before wash my clothes, but for some reasons he failed to do so this time. When I was reading, I suddenly remember that there was a five-pounds note in the back pocket of the trousers I had told her to wash it. I dropped my book and rushed into the bathroom, but it is too late. My housekeeper said that my trousers had been in a washing machine for fifteen minutes already.短文改错练习One afternoon on April, 1912 , a new ship set off from England to America on it first trip. It was one of the largest and first ship at that time. It was cold, but the ship was pleasant and people are enjoying themselves. The next day was even cold. People could see icebergs here or there. It was night, suddenly, the man on watch shouting "Look out! Iceberg!" It was too late. A ship hit the iceberg and came to a stopping. There was a very big hole in the ship and water began to come. Slowly the ship started to go down.短文改错练习I've a friend who has a big police dog is named Jack. Every Sunday afternoon my friend took Jack for a long walk in the park. Jack likes these walk in the park very well.One Sunday a young man visits my friends. He stayed a long time. They talked and talked. Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for his walk, but the visitor still sat talking. Jack became worrying about his walk in the park. He walked around the room several times but then he sat right in front of the visitor and looked at him. But the visitor paid none attention. He continued talking. Finally Jack could stand it any longer. He held the visitor's hat in his mouth.短文改错练习（74）June 12, Sunday FineToday is Sunday. I didn't get up early as usually. In the morning after I finished my homework, I do some washing. Then I telephoned one of my classmate and invited him to see a film. And unfortunately, when we got to the cinema at 3:00 p.m., we found all the tickets had sold out. Then we went back to school and played the football. After this, when we were about to going home, we saw our English teacher, Mr. Wang, coming. He told us we had made great progresses in English this term. He also suggested that we should read more and wrote more. We promised him that we would listen his advice.短文改错练习（75）In autumn of 1935, when I was a young man, I was traveling in the north of Indian. One evening, after hunted in the forest all day, I was returning to the place which I had put up my tent. It was getting dark, but I was walking along a road. Suddenly I saw two eye glaring at me from among the trees. What can I do? Should I jump into the river to save my life? Then I looked at the right. In the river there had a big crocodile waiting to welcome me with its mouth was wide open.短文改错练习（76）Cats are animals of habit. They like to go to sleep about same time every day but for a certain length of time. They seem to have a natural clock inside it that tells them how to sleep. Besides their regularly sleep, cats take naps(打盹). Some scientists think that people should also take cat naps. The habit would do good for people's health. Cat naps helped build up energy in the body. Since cats have moods(情绪) like these of people, scientists believe that people can improve their moods with cat-napping. People might become more happier and more active.短文改错练习（78）When I first learned to write in English, I ran into much difficulties. The main problem was that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I followed her advice and should put down 100 words. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself as I was learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote a story and showed to my teacher. He liked it very much that he reads it to the class. All said that the story was a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to me .短文改错练习（79）The winter holiday, when I am looking forward to, is coming. What fun it is to have sports! Play football is one of my hobby. I can also ride my bicycle, climb high mountains, or go skating. Sometime I can play the chess with Grandfather. How interested my holiday will be! But my father is always afraid I would be hurt by a truck, fall into water, and fall off a tree. He is afraid I would fight against others or taken away by bad men. But if I’m friendly and carefully enough, how will these things happen? I must try best to persuade my father.短文改错练习（80）Tom had retired and lived lonely a long way from town. He hardly never left his home. But one day he went to town buy some things in the market, and after he had bought it, he went into a restaurant and sit down at a table by himself. When he looked around, he saw several old peoples put up glasses before reading their newspapers. So after the lunch he decided to go to a store to buy himself a pair of glasses, either, He walked along a wide street and fast found a store.短文改错练习（81）My parents were all standing there, shouting at each other. The word "divorce(离婚)" was repeated and broke my heart each time. I had trapped between them and didn't know what to do. A million thoughts rushed into my mind, but nothing of them could ease my feelings. I rushed back to my room, seated down in silence and stared out of the window. The leaves were floated in the air. They struggled trying to catch the wind and finally they had to fall on the ground.I knew I was not the only one had gone through this. But I must learn to fight against this. Later in the day I took up with a pen and wrote down "It is until I take a step back and look at my family that I can really appreciate life. All of this has helped me grow strongly and mature(成熟)."短文改错练习（82）Dear editor,In the past my hometown was used to be a beautiful place. Thick trees and green grass can be seen everywhere. In order to build house and grow more crops, people cut down more and more trees. With time went on, the whole forest was almost destroyed. Gradually the green hills have changed into wasteland. As a result, sandstorms struck us now and then, from that we suffer a lot. However, I do hope all the people should realize the terribly result of not caring about our environment. What's more, they should take good care of the forests and plant trees instead cuttingthem down to improve our living conditions.短文改错练习（83）When I found out that my train would three hours late, I decided to get a bus instead. I was about to rush out of the train station while a well-dressed old man took me by my arm, "Young lady," said the gentleman, "Shouldn't you find out the bus schedule (时刻表) before you rush out to catch the bus?". I stared to him with my mouth opened. How did he read my mind? Before I can say a word, he added, "You see, my train is also running lately. The same idea came to me. But I think a good conversation that can help pass the time. Before you know it, your train will be there."短文改错练习（84）Dear Kang Li,I haven't heard you for a long time. How are you? I had just finished the exams. Now I'm glad I have time to write for you. Our teacher tells us that China is a big country has the most population in the world. It's on the other side of the world. Now the sun is shining bright here and perhaps you're sleeping in the dark night. I wish to know anything more about the Chinese way of living. I wonder at if you can tell me about it in your next letter. Please writing soon.短文改错练习（85）I visited the zoo yesterday, and I was very unhappy and angry about the things what I saw. The large animals were in small cages. The lion was walking back and forth. It was completely boring. The tiger fell asleep all the afternoon. I see people feeding the fish. They were throwing rices and meat into the pond, which could kill the fish, but no one tried stop them. When I had the drink at the zoo restaurant, the waiter served me rude. Outside the restaurant, the rubbish bins were full and rubbish was blowing everywhere. It seems that the zoo doesn't look the animals or the visitors very well. subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me. I never saw how I could use it in my daily life.短文改错练习（88）Some Americans judge success on the length of his vacations. The man who gets a month’s vacation each year consider himself more successful than the man gets two weeks . Many people want to be teachers so it is teachers who can get three-month vacation every year . Some college teachers who teach the three classes consider themselves less successful than that who teach only one or two , or none in all . In short , the less work Americans do , the less successful they consider themselves .短文改错练习（91）Rowena and Billy Wrangler are model high school student. They study hard. They do extreme well in achievement tests. And next year, Rowena will attend the Harvard University. Billy, her younger brother, hope to go to Cornell. That makes Rowena and Billy different from most students is they don’t go to school. In fact, They’ve never been to school. Since kindergarten, they have studied at home. Neither Rowena or Billy feels as if they have missed out on nothing by being taught at home. As many of the more than one million people who accept home schooling in the United States, they feel as if they have gotten a good education.短文改错练习（92）Did you enjoy yourself ye sterday? I suppose you do. But I’d like to tell you what a bad day Ihad yesterday. Nothing just went wrong. On the morning, my alarm clock didn’t ring,since I woke up an hour late. I was in such a hurry that I burnt my hand when I was cooking the breakfast. Then I ran out of the house to catch the 8:30 buses. This is the bus I usually take. But, to my regret, I missed it. I am very unhappy, and scared as well because my teacher hates the students come late to school. So I ran three miles to school only to discover that everybody was there. The school was quiet but peaceful. Our classroom was locked. I realized that moment: it was Sunday.短文改错练习（93）Get a good education is more important today than ever before. In Canada children most attend public schools. Public schools are mainly found by governments through tax income. Students in Canada taught in English and in French. The rest of Canadian children is to attend private schools, that are supported mainly by fees paying by parents .By law, the children must attend the school from age 5 to 16. There are several different levels in the Canadian education system. The first is called Elementary School, which include kindergartens through grade 7 or 8. From grades 8 or 9 through 12 or 13, children go to Secondary School or high school. High school students must take certain course for several years, such as English or French and mathematics.短文改错练习（94）Yesterday we went to grow trees on the hill near our school. The boys were made dig pits(坑).The girls were told to plant the young trees into the pits. All of us worked very hardly. Soon we were all wet with sweats. After the young trees were planted, we began to water it. The water was at the foot of the hill. But we stood in line to pass pails(桶) of water from one to other up to the hill. We did not finish water the trees until it was dark. Though we were tired, but we feel very happy.短文改错练习（95）A kind of little car may someday take place of today’s big ones. If people drive such cars in the future, there would be less pollution in the air. There will be more spaces for parking cars in cities. The streets will be less crowd. And driving will be safe as these little cars can go only 65 km per hour. The future cars will be fine for getting round a city, so they will not be useful for long trips. Little cars will go 200 km, before needing to stop for more gases. If big cars are still used along with the small ones, two sets of roads will be needed in the future. Some roads will be used for the big fast cars and another roads will be needed for the slow small ones. It is said that three so little cars fit in with the space now needed for one car the usual size.短文改错练习（95）1. take place---take the place;2. would---will;3. spaces---space;4.crowd---crowed;5. safe---safer;6. so---but;7. gases---gas;8. another---other;9.so---such; 10. fit in with---fit in短文改错练习（96）It was fine yesterday. The sun was shining in the sky. I went boating by myself. I didn’t take many friends with me because I wanted to be lonely. I hired a boat and rowed slowly to the center of lake. A fresh breeze was blowing, fish was swimming and birds were singing. When I reached the center, I took up the paddles（桨）and lie down in the boat. With the blue sky over me or green water around me, I was extreme relaxed. About two hours passed in this way before I knew them.I came back to home very late. I didn’t feel tiring at all, for I had really had a good time.短文改错练习（97）I was anxiously expected your letter, and at last it has reached to me. I am very glad to know that everyone at home is enjoying good health as usually. Things here are same now as they were ago. The final examination will take place next week. But I am now busy with preparing my lessons. It’s nice to think that the summer vacation is come near. I can’t say how much I want to see you all again. I am looking forward to spend summer days with you. Give my love to Father, Mother and anyone at home.短文改错练习（98）One afternoon, when I was on my way home, the sky changed suddenly. Dark clouds were gathered. I began to feel worried because I didn’t have both a raincoat or umbrella about me . It soon started to rain. Just as I was hurrying home, I heard someone calling me from behind . I turned to have a look and find that he was Liu Wei, a good neighbour of me. He offered to share his umbrella with me. We walked all the ways home. Without Liu Wei’s help, I would have got wet to the skin. How much thankful I was to his help!短文改错练习（99）I worried about the missed bag all the evening. I tried to remember exact what I had done from the time I left the store until at the time I got home. I remembered whether I had looked at the bag while I was having lunch. So I might have had it while I left the store. I remembered showing it to a friend on the bus. But I had the bag then. I came directly from the bus to my house, and I must have forgotten it on the bus. I was in hurry to get off and forget to check the packages lying on the floor. I should be much careful next time.短文改错练习（100）A man stopped at a flower shop to order some flowers to be sent to his mother. When getting out of his car he looked a young girl sobbing, he asked her what was the wrong. She replied, ―I want to buy a red rose for my mother, I only have 75 cents. A rose cost 2 dollars.‖ The man smiled and said, ―Come on in with me….‖ He bought her flowers and ordered him own. While leaving he offered the girl a ride home. She said, ―Yes, please! You must take me to my mother.‖ She directed him to a cemetery, there she placed the roses on a freshly dug grave. The man returned to the flower shop, canceled the order, choose a bouquet and drove 200 miles for his mother’s house.短文改错练习（101）Many scientists believe that life begins in the ocean long ago. For age man used the ocean to discover and explore new lands. Now man spends a great deal of time or money in discovering the ocean. We know it is rich at minerals which the world need. We know too that it contains a plenty of food for all the people in the world. We know that if the salt were taken from it, it’s water would turn the deserts into rich farm land. We know a great deal about this land frontier(新领域), as it has called. But we still need to learn many more about it.短文改错练习（102）After a day of work and play, the body needs to have a rest. Sleep is necessary for good healthy. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the day. The rest that you get it while sleeping enable your body to prepare itself for the next day. There are four levels of sleep. Each is a little deep than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax. Your heart beats slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back or forth from one level of sleep to the other. If you have trouble fall asleep, some people suggest breathing slowly and deeply. And other people believe that drink warm milk helps make you sleepy. There is also an old advice that counting sheeps put you to sleep.短文改错练习（103）Though now I am a college student, but I still remember many things in the primary school and one of it is always kept in my mind. As a schoolboy I used to being very lazy at school, and I played a lot after class but did few in class. One afternoon before school was over, our head teacher was giving us last class, when I fell sleepy. He went on teaching without wake me up. When school was over, he asked the other student to leave the classroom quiet, leaving me locked in the classroom. You can imagine what hard I cried for help when I finally woke up.短文改错练习（104）Have you ever asked you why students go to school? You may say they go to school to learn language, maths, history, science and other subject. But why do they learn this? And are these all that they learn at the school? Students go to school to preparing themselves for the time when they grow up and have to work for themselves. They learn their native language in order that they could understand that others write and say, and make themselves clearly understand. They learn foreign languages in order to benefit what foreign people write and say.短文改错练习（105）Yesterday was my birthday. I accepted lots of presents. All the presents were wrapped with color, beautiful and soft paper. Among them was two really interesting. My sister brought me a paper bag. I thought there would have a football in the bag. Not until I opened it I find it was a clock. My brother gave me a note, that read, ―My present has been put in your bedroom.‖ When I hurry into my bedroom, I found a box. Opened the box, I found a pocket computer. I was more than exciting, and realized they suggested that I study hard and do not waste time.短文改错练习（106）I went to the Summer Palace on last week. At the gate I happened to meet some America tourists. I greeted him in English and then we began to chat. I get to know that they were college students travel in China. They were busy in taking photos and were much impressed with the changes had taken place in the past few years. After that, we went boating on a lake and have a good time. We exchanged our email address so that we can write to each other in the future. They thanked me again and again. I was very glad to have a chance to practising my oral EnglishKey:短文改错练习（70）1. lately-late2. ask-asked3.her-him4.like-as5. and-but6. servant-servant for7. 去掉a8. repeated-repeat9. astonishing-astonished 10. him-he短文改错练习（71）1. pair-pair of2. in-into3. wash-washing4. reasons-reason5. he-she6. remember-remembered7. pounds-pound8. 去掉it9. is-was 10. a-the短文改错练习（72）1. on→in2. it→its3. ship→ships4. are→were5.cold→colder6. or→and7. shouting→shouted8. A→The9.stopping-stop 10. come→come in短文改错练习（73）1. 去掉is2.took→takes3. well→much4. walk-walks 5 visits-visited6. friends-friend7. worrying→worried8.but→and9. none→no 10. could-could not 短文改错练习（74）1. usually---usual2. do→did3. classmate ---classmates4. And ---But5.had∧been6. the 去掉7. going-go8. progresses-progress9. wrote---write 10. listen---take/follow短文改错练习（75）1. In-In the2. Indian-India3. hunted-hunting4. in ∧which 或which改为where5.but-and6.eye –eyes7. can –could8. at –to9. had-was 10.去掉was短文改错练习（76）1. same-the same2. and-but3. it--them4. when-how5. regular—regularly6. for–to7. helped-help8. these-those9. with-by 10. 去掉more短文改错练习（78）1. much—many2. anything--everything3. my—a4. 去掉should5. talk--talking6. me--myself7. to前加it8. very--so9. reads--read 10.word—words短文改错练习（79）1. When—which2. Play—Playing3. hobby—hobbies4. Sometime—sometimes5.去掉the6. interesting—interested7. and---or8. or后加be9. carefully—careful 10. try 后加my 短文改错练习（80）1. Lonely→alone2. never→ever3. buy前加to4. it→them5. sit→sat6. peoples→people7. up--on8. 去掉the9. either→too 10.fast→soon短文改错练习（81）1. all→both2. had→was3. nothing→none4. seated→sat或后加myself5. floated--floating6. and→but7. had前加who8. 去掉with9. until前加not 10. strongly--strong短文改错练习（82）去掉was can--could house→houses With→As或went →going struck→strike that—which However→So terribly→terrible they→we instead后加of短文改错练习（83）1. would后加be2. get→ take3. while → when4. my→ the5. to--at6. opened →open7. can→could8. lately—late9. A→The 10. 去掉that短文改错练习（84）1. heard后加from2. had---have3. for---to4. has前加that 或which/has---with5.most---largest 6. bright---brightly 7. and---but 8. anything---something 9.去掉at 10. writing--write短文改错练习（85）1. and→but2. 去掉what或把what改为that/which3. boring-bored4. see→saw5. rices→rice6. tried后面加to7. the→a或去掉the8. rude→rudely9. blowing→blown 10. look后加after 短文改错练习（86）1. in → in the2. her → him3. say → said4. past → passed5. anywhere → somewhere6. told前加was7. immediate → immediately8. 去掉in9. or → and 10. Under → with短文改错练习（87）1. class—classes2. them前加of3. or—and4. it—they5. understood—understand6. what—how7. 去掉the8. most—least 9．learn—learning 10．practically—practical 短文改错练习（88）1. on-by2. his-their3. consider-considers4. the man-the man who5. So-beause/as6. get-get a7. 删去the8. that-those9. in- at 10. less-more短文改错练习（91）1. student---students;2. extreme---extremely;3. the Harvard University---Harvard University;4. hope---hopes;5.That---What;6. is they---is that they;7. or---nor;8. nothing---anything;9. As---Like; 10. accept---receive短文改错练习（92）1. do---did;2. Nothing---Everything;3. On---In;4. since---so;5. the breakfast---breakfast;6. buses---bus7. am---was;8. come---coming;9. everybody---nobody; 10. but---and 短文改错练习（93）1. Get---Getting;2. most---mostly;3. found---founded;4. taught---are taught;5. is---are;6. that ---which;7. paying—paid;8. the school---school;9. include---includes; 10. course---courses短文改错练习（94）1. grow---plant;2. dig---to dig;3. hardly---hard;4. sweats---sweat;5. it---them;6. But---So;7. other---another;8. water---watering;9. fee---felt; 10. but we---we短文改错练习（96）1. many---any;2. lonely---alone;3. lake---the lake;4. fish was---fish were;5. lie---lay;6. or---and;7. extreme---extremely;8. them---it;9. to home---home; 10. tiring---tired短文改错练习（97）1. expected---expecting2. reached to---reached3. usually---usual4. same---the same5. ago---before6. But---So7. with---in8. come---coming9. spend---spending 10. anyone---everyone短文改错练习（98）1. sky---weather2. gathered---gathering3. both---either4. umbrella---an umbrella5. find---found6. he---it7.. me---mine8.. ways---way9. How much---How 10. to---for短文改错练习（99）1.missed---missing2. exact---exactly3. at the time---the time4. whether---that5. might---must6. But---So7. forgotten---left8. in hurry---in a hurry9. forget---forgot10. much---more短文改错练习（100）1. looked---noticed2. the wrong---wrong3. I only---but I only4. cost---costs5. him---his6. While---When/As7. must---can8. there---where9. choose---chose 10. for---to短文改错练习（101）1. begins---began2. age---ages3. or---and4. at---in5. need---needs6. a plenty of--- plenty of7. it’s---its8. land---lands9. has---has been 10. many---much短文改错练习（102）1. healthy---health2. enable---enables3. get it---get4. deep---deeper5. slowly---more slowly6. or---and7. fall---falling8. drink---drinking9. advice---suggestion 10. sheeps---sheep短文改错练习（103）1. 去掉but2. it---them3. being---be4. few---little5. last class---the last class6. sleepy---asleep7. wake---waking8. student---students9. quiet---quietly 10. what---how短文改错练习（104）1. you→yourself2. language→ languages3. subject→ subjects4. this→these5. at the school→at school6. preparing→prepare7. could---can8. that→what9. understand→understood10. benefit 后加from短文改错练习（105）1. accepted→ received2. with---in3. was---were4. have→be5. I find→did I find6. that→ which7. hurry---hurried8. Opened → Opening9. exciting→excited10. do not→ not短文改错练习（106）1. on last week---last week2. America→American3. him→them4. get---got5. travel→trav elling6. changes后加that7. have→had8. address→addresses9. can---could 10. practising→practise。
安徽高考理综(物理部分)试题及解析(Word版)
高中物理学习材料（马鸣风萧萧**整理制作）2009年高考安徽卷理科综合能力测试物理部分试题全解全析【试卷总评】今年是安徽省实现新课程的首次高考，今年理综物理卷紧扣课程标准，严格遵循2009年安徽省高考考试说明，从传统的高考到新课程背景下的首次高考过渡平稳，既体现了我省中学物理教学的实际状况，又体现了新课程的理念。
试题覆盖面广，在着重考查考试说明中的主干知识的同时，又考查了考生的推理能力、分析综合能力、实验能力、探究能力、应用数学知识处理物理问题的能力。
今年的理科综合中的物理分值为110分，08年为120分。
题型与08年相同，为选择题、实验题和计算题。
选择题7题，共42分，比08年减少一题，分值少6分；实验题和08年相似均为力学实验和电学实验，共18分；计算题和08年相同均为3题，但分值比08年少4分。
难度比08年有所下降，考查知识点比08年少（见下表）。
今年的理综试题主要体现了以下几点：一、重视基础知识的考查（受力分析、牛顿运动定律、动能定理）；二、立足课本，如第21题实验题，既考虑到我省不同层次中学物理实验教学条件的实际情况，又体现了考查考生实验动手能力、探究学习能力的精神。
三道实验题的素材、情境均来源于课本，但考查的角度、设问的方式又区别于课本，只有亲自做实验的考生才能正确作答，对中学物理实验教学有着很好的导向作用；三、题目新颖，体现时代特征，如第14题的洁净能源、第15题的卫星碰撞、第16题的大爆炸理论、第17题的智能化电动扶梯、第22题的残奥会、第24题的过山车等，在考查考生基本知识和基本技能的同时，注意理论联系实际，注意科学技术和社会、经济发展、生活等方面的广泛应用；四、试题既有利于促进中学物理教学又有利于各类高校选拔人才。
如第16题，考查了考生的知识迁移能力；第20题在考查考生分析、综合能力的同时，又考查了考生的空间想象能力。
第24题作为压轴题，试题层次分明、难度递进，具有较好的区分度，对考生缜密、细致思考问题的能力有一定的要求。
(完整word版)2009高考全国卷1理综物理(含答案)
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国1卷）理综物理部分二、选择题（本题共8小题，在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个选项正确，全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分） 14.下列说法正确的是A. 气体对器壁的压强就是大量气体分子作用在器壁单位面积上的平均作用力B. 气体对器壁的压强就是大量气体分子单位时间作用在器壁上的平均冲量C. 气体分子热运动的平均动能减少，气体的压强一定减小D. 单位面积的气体分子数增加，气体的压强一定增大15. 某物体左右两侧各有一竖直放置的平面镜，两平面镜相互平行，物体距离左镜4m ，右镜8m ，如图所示，物体在左镜所成的像中从右向左数的第三个像与物体的距离是 A.24m B.32m C.40m D.48m16.氦氖激光器能产生三种波长的激光，其中两种波长分别为1λ=0.6328µm ，2λ=3.39µm ，已知波长为1λ的激光是氖原子在能级间隔为1E ∆=1.96eV 的两个能级之间跃迁产生的。
用2E ∆表示产生波长为2λ的激光所对应的跃迁的能级间隔，则2E ∆的近似值为 A.10.50eV B.0.98eV C. 0.53eV D. 0.36eV17.如图，一段导线abcd 位于磁感应强度大小为B 的匀强磁场中，且与磁场方向（垂直于纸面向里）垂直。
线段ab 、bc 和cd 的长度均为L ，且0135abc bcd ∠=∠=。
流经导线的电流为I ，方向如图中箭头所示。
导线段abcd 所受到的磁场的作用力的合力 A. 方向沿纸面向上，大小为(21)ILB + B. 方向沿纸面向上，大小为(21)ILB - C. 方向沿纸面向下，大小为(21)ILB + D. 方向沿纸面向下，大小为(21)ILB -18.如图所示。
一电场的电场线分布关于y轴（沿竖直方向）对称，O、M、N是y轴上的三个点，且OM=MN，P点在y轴的右侧，MP⊥ON，则A.M点的电势比P点的电势高B.将负电荷由O点移动到P点，电场力做正功C. M、N 两点间的电势差大于O、M两点间的电势差D.在O点静止释放一带正电粒子，该粒子将沿y轴做直线运动19．天文学家新发现了太阳系外的一颗行星。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
C．某同学在一次实验中，得到一条记录纸带。纸带上打出的点，两端密、中间疏。出现这种情况的原因，可能是没有使木板倾斜或倾角太小。
D．根据记录纸带上打出的点，求小车获得的速度的方法，是以纸带上第一点到最后一点的距离来进行计算。
22．（14分）
在2008年北京残奥会开幕式上，运动员手拉绳索向上攀登，最终点燃了主火 炬，体现了残疾运动员坚忍不拔的意志和自强不息的精神。为了探究上升过程 中运动员与绳索和吊椅间的作用，可将过程简化。一根不可伸缩的轻绳跨过轻 质的定滑轮，一端挂一吊椅，另一端被坐在吊椅上的运动员拉住，如图所示。 设运动员的质量为65kg，吊椅的质量为15kg，不计定滑轮与绳子间的摩擦。重 力加速度取 。当运动员与吊椅一起正以加速度 上升时， 试求
解法二:设运动员和吊椅的质量分别为M和m；运动员竖直向下的拉力为F，对吊椅的压力大小为FN。
根据牛顿第三定律，绳对运动员的拉力大小为F，吊椅对运动员的支持力为FN。分别以运动员和吊椅为研究对象，根据牛顿第二定律
由 得
23.解析：（1）微粒1在y方向不受力，做匀速直线运动；在x方向由于受恒定的电场力，做匀加速直线运动。所以微粒1做的是类平抛运动。设微粒1分裂时的速度为v1，微粒2的速度为v2则有：
（1）运动员竖直向下拉绳的力；
（2）运动员对吊椅的压力。
23．（16分）
如图所师，匀强电场方向沿 轴的正方向，场强为 。在 点有一个静止的中性微粒，由于内部作用，某一时 刻突然分裂成两个质量均为 的带电微粒，其中电荷量为 的微粒1沿 轴负方向运动，经过一段时间到达 点。 不计重力和分裂后两微粒间的作用。试求
在y方向上有
-
在x方向上有
-
根号外的负号表示沿y轴的负方向。
中性微粒分裂成两微粒时，遵守动量守恒定律，有
方向沿y正方向。
（2）设微粒1到达（0，-d）点时的速度为v，则电场力做功的瞬时功率为
其中由运动学公式
所以
（3）两微粒的运动具有对称性，如图所示，当微粒1到达（0，-d）点时发生的位移
则当当微粒1到达（0，-d）点时，两微粒间的距离为
22.解析：解法一:(1）设运动员受到绳向上的拉力为F，由于跨过定滑轮的两段绳子拉力相等，吊椅受到绳的拉力也是F。对运动员和吊椅整体进行受力分析如图所示，则有：
由牛顿第三定律，运动员竖直向下拉绳的力
（2）设吊椅对运动员的支持力为FN，对运动员进行受力分析如图所示，则有：
由牛顿第三定律，运动员对吊椅的压力也为275N
A. B.
C. D. 0
21. （18分）
Ⅰ. （6分）用多用电表进行了几次测量，指针分别处于a、b的位置，如图所示。若多用电表的选择开关处于下面表格中所指的档位，a和b的相应读数是多少？请填在表格中。
Ⅱ. （6分）用右图所示的电路，测定一节干电池的电动势和内阻。电池的内阻较小，为了防止在调节滑动变阻器时造成短路，电路中用一个定值电阻R0起保护作用。除电池、开关和导线外，可供使用的实验器材还有：
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）
理科综合能力测试物理试卷
第Ⅰ卷
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
14. 原子核聚变可望给人类未来提供丰富的洁净能源。当氖等离子体被加热到适当高温时，氖核参与的几种聚变反应可能发生，放出能量。这几种反应的总效果可以表示为 ， 由平衡条件可知
由 得
．轨道半径较大时，小球上升的最大高度为R3，根据动能定理
解得
为了保证圆轨道不重叠，R3最大值应满足
解得R3=27.9m
综合 、 ，要使小球不脱离轨道，则第三个圆轨道的半径须满足下面的条件
或
当 时，小球最终焦停留点与起始点A的距离为L′，则
当 时，小球最终焦停留点与起始点A的距离为L〞，则
A. 甲的运行周期一定比乙的长
B. 甲距地面的高度一定比乙的高
C. 甲的向心力一定比乙的小
D. 甲的加速度一定比乙的大
16. 大爆炸理论认为，我们的宇宙起源于137亿年前的一次大爆炸。除开始瞬间外，在演化至今的大部分时间内，宇宙基本上是匀速膨胀的。上世纪末，对1A型超新星的观测显示，宇宙正在加速膨胀，面对这个出人意料的发现，宇宙学家探究其背后的原因，提出宇宙的大部分可能由暗能量组成，它们的排斥作用导致宇宙在近段天文时期内开始加速膨胀。如果真是这样，则标志宇宙大小的宇宙半径R和宇宙年龄的关系，大致是下面哪个图像？
以下关于该试验的说法中有一项不正确，它是___________。
A．本实验设法让橡皮筋对小车做的功分别为W、2W、3W、……。所采用的方法是选用同样的橡皮筋，并在每次实验中使橡皮筋拉伸的长度保持一致。当用1条橡皮筋进行是实验时，橡皮筋对小车做的功为W，用2条、3条、……橡皮筋并在一起进行第2次、第3次、……实验时，橡皮筋对小车做的功分别是2W、3W、……。
C. 带负电，由上往下运动
D. 带负电，由下往上运动
20. 如图甲所示，一个电阻为R，面积为S的矩形导线框abcd，水平旋转在匀强磁场中，磁场的磁感应强度为B，方向与ad边垂直并与线框平面成450角，o、o’分别是ab和cd边的中点。现将线框右半边obco’绕oo’逆时针900到图乙所示位置。在这一过程中，导线中通过的电荷量是
（a）电流表（量程0.6A、3A）；
（b）电压表（量程3V、15V）
（c）定值电阻（阻值1 、额定功率5W）
（d）定值电阻（阻值10 ，额定功率10W）
（e）滑动变阻器（阴值范围0--10 、额定电流2A）
（f）滑动变阻器（阻值范围0-100 、额定电流1A）
那么
（1）要正确完成实验，电压表的量程应选择V，电流表的量程应选择A； R0应选择 的定值电阻，R应选择阻值范围是 的滑动变阻器。
C. 电势能与机械能之和先增大，后减小
D. 电势能先减小，后增大
19. 右图是科学史上一张著名的实验照片，显示一个带电粒子在云室中穿过某种金属板运动的径迹。云室旋转在匀强磁场中，磁场方向垂直照片向里。云室中横放的金属板对粒子的运动起阻碍作用。分析此径迹可知粒子
A. 带正电，由下往上运动
B. 带正电，由上往下运动
A. k=1, d=4B. k=2, d=2
C. k=1, d=6 D. k=2, d=3
15.2009年2月11日，俄罗斯的“宇宙-2251”卫星和美国的“铱-33”卫星在西伯利亚上空约805km处发生碰撞。这是历史上首次发生的完整在轨卫星碰撞事件。碰撞过程中产生的大量碎片可能会影响太空环境。假定有甲、乙两块碎片，绕地球运动的轨道都是圆，甲的运行速率比乙的大，则下列说法中正确的是
（2）引起该实验系统误差的主要原因是。
Ⅲ．（6分）探程如下：
（1）设法让橡皮筋对小车做的功分别
为W、2W、3W、……；
（2）分析打点计时器打出的纸带，求
出小车的速度 、 、 、……；
（3）作出 草图；
（4）分析 图像。如果 图像是一条直线，表明∝ ；如果不是直线，可考虑是否存在 ∝ 、 ∝ 、 ∝ 等关系。
．答案：
（1）3，0.6，1，0～10。（2）由于电压表的分流作用造成电流表读数总是比电池实际输出电流小。
解析：由于电源是一节干电池（1.5V），所选量程为3V的电压表；估算电流时，考虑到干电池的内阻一般几Ω左右，加上保护电阻，最大电流在0.5A左右，所以选量程为0.6A的电流表；由于电池内阻很小，所以保护电阻不宜太大，否则会使得电流表、电压表取值范围小，造成的误差大；滑动变阻器的最大阻值一般比电池内阻大几倍就好了，取0～10Ω能很好地控制电路中的电流和电压，若取0～100Ω会出现开始几乎不变最后突然变化的现象。
（1）分裂时两个微粒各自的速度；
（2）当微粒1到达（ 点时，电场力对微粒1做功的 瞬间功率；
（3）当微粒1到达（ 点时，两微粒间的距离。
24．（20分）
过山车是游乐场中常见的设施。下图是一种过山车的简易模型，它由水平轨道和在竖直平面内的三个圆形轨道组成，B、C、D分别是三个圆形轨道的最低点，B、C间距与C、D间距相等，半径 、 。一个质量为 kg的小球（视为质点），从轨道的左侧A点以 的初速度沿轨道向右运动，A、B间距 m。小球与水平轨道间的动摩擦因数 ，圆形轨道是光滑的。假设水平轨道足够长，圆形轨道间不相互重叠。重力加速度取 ，计算结果保留小数点后一位数字。试求
17. 为了节省能量，某商场安装了智能化的电动扶梯。无人乘行时，扶梯运转得很慢；有人站上扶梯时，它会先慢慢加速，再匀速运转。一顾客乘扶梯上楼，恰好经历了这两个过程，如图所示。那么下列说法中正确的是
A. 顾客始终受到三个力的作用
B. 顾客始终处于超重状态
C. 顾客对扶梯作用力的方向先指向左下方，再竖直向下
D. 顾客对扶梯作用的方向先指向右下方，再竖直向下
18. 在光滑的绝缘水平面上，有一个正方形的abcd，顶点a、c处分别固定一个正点电荷，电荷量相等，如图所示。若将一个带负电的粒子置于b点，自由释放，粒子将沿着对角线bd往复运动。粒子从b点运动到d点的过程中
A. 先作匀加速运动，后作匀减速运动
B. 先从高电势到低电势，后从低电势到高电势
24.解析：（1）设小于经过第一个圆轨道的最高点时的速度为v1根据动能定理
小球在最高点受到重力mg和轨道对它的作用力F，根据牛顿第二定律
由 得
（2）设小球在第二个圆轨道的最高点的速度为v2，由题意
由 得
（3）要保证小球不脱离轨道，可分两种情况进行讨论：
．轨道半径较小时，小球恰能通过第三个圆轨道，设在最高点的速度为v3，应满足
（1）小球在经过第一个圆形轨道的最高点时，轨道对小球作用力的大小；
（2）如果小球恰能通过第二圆形轨道，B、C间距 应是多少；
（3）在满足（2）的条件下，如果要使小球不能脱离轨道，在第三个圆形轨道的设计中，半径 应满足的条件；小球最终停留点与起点 的距离。