英语国家社会与文化入门试卷2772171
英语国家社会与文化入门试卷
一、Fill in the following information gaps(20%)(1 point each)1. In England more than ___1__ of its population living in cities ,and about 2% of the population working in agriculture, so England is a highly urbanized country .2. In the year of ____2_____,the first permanent settlement in North America was established, in today's Virginia .3.Ralph Waldo Emerson, a American transcendentalist, published a startling book called __3__,he claimed by studying and respecting to nature individual could reach a higher spiritual state without form religion .4.The U.S. federal government consist of the following three branches the executive , _____4_____and the judicial.5.One advantage of 5 over sole proprietorship and partnership is that it has limited liability, so investors risked only the amount of their investment and not their entire assets6.The best -known stock exchange is New York Stock Exchange located in_____6_____area of New York City7.WASP stands for _______7______.8.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland,_______8_______and Poland.9.The Letherstocking Tales, they refer to the five novels written by9.10.A collection of poems written by Walt Whitman , it is a ground-breaking book. That is 1011.An jazz music ensemble of musicians consists of two sections:________11________ and the percussion.12. G.R.E and M.B.A. stand for Graduate Record Examination and__________12________ in U.S education.13.In the U.S., B.A. and B.S. stand for ________13_________and Bachelor of Science in higher education.14.The two most well known computer companies are ______14_______ and Apple in the United States.15.Now the largest software company is _____15___________whose director is Bill Gates in the United States.16.Two Scottish cities which have a ancient and internationally respected universities, they are Edinburgh and _______16____________.17.The Britain, the official head of state is now ________17_______ while the real center of political life is in the House of Commons .18.The British Constitution consists of statute law ,_____18___________ and convention.19.In jazz music major musical instrument include __19_____, clarinet, piano , trombone , cymbal ,bell, hollow wooden block, chimes ,drum, guitar etc.20.In the American education A.S. stands for ___20_______.得分二、Choose the correct answer for each of the following (35%)(1 point each)1. The Supreme Court of in the U.S. today consist of a chief justice and ____ associate justices.A. 1B. 8C.11D.4352. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism exceptA. challenging the authority of the Pope.B. salvation through faith.C. salvation through the church.D. establishing a direct contact with God.3. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?A. separation of state and church.B. respect of education.C. intolerant moralism.D. a sense of mission.4. The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly fromA. George Washington.C. John Adams.B. Thomas Jefferson.D. John Locke.5. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?A. Catholics.C. Quakers.B. Puritans.D. Church of England.6. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?A. The freedom of religion.B. The freedom of searching a person's home by police.C. The freedom of speech and of the press.D. The right to own weapons if one wishes7.Service industry does not include_______________.A. BankingB. AirlineB. management consultationC. steelmaking8. The United States produces as much as half of the world'sA. wheat and riceB. cottonC. tobacco and vegetable oilD. soybeans and com9. The latest technology that farmers have adopted isA. artificial fertilizers C. tractorsB. pesticide D. computers10. A ____ is a type pf play with comedy ,singing ,dancing, music and acrobatics performed for children at Christmas in western Europe.A. pantomime C. Robin HoodB. King Arthur D. Gone with Wind11. In the United States, people go to church mainly for the following reasons exceptA. for finding a job in society.B. for having a place in a community.C. for identifying themselves with dominant values.D. for getting together with friends.12. In Britain and American there are many _______ in every city, town and village ,where sell almost sell every thing.A. corner shops C. food shopsB. book shops D. grocer's shops13.Which of the following was written by Thoreau?A. NatureB. WaldenD. The Fall of the House of UsherC. The Scarlet Letter14. ______________was mainly interested in writing about Americans living in Europe.A. Henry JamesB. Mark TwainC. William Dean HowellsD. Stephen Crane15. Three of the following authors are Nobel Prize winners. Which one is not.A. Ernest Hemingway C. William FaulknerB. Eugene O'Neill D. F. Scott Fitzgerald16.______________does NOT belong to the "Lost Generation".A. John Dos Passos C. F. Scott FitzgeraldB. Ernest Hemingway D. John Steinbeck17. ______was NOT written by Hemingway.A. Light in AugustB. The Sun Also RisesC. A Farewell to ArmsD. For Whom the Bell Tolls18. The following authors were women writers who wrote novels in the late 19th and early 20th century with exception ofA. Emily DickinsonB. Edith WhartonC. Willa CatherD. Kate Chopin19.Both public and private Universities depend on the following sources of income except,A. investmentB. student tuitionC. endowmentsD. government funding20. The legislative branch of the U.S. consists of congress that is divided into:A. the House of Representatives and the SenateB. the House of Representative and the SenatesC. the House of commons and the House of LordsD. the House of Common and the House of Lord21. The complex drumming in the rhythm section of early jazz music was brought over to America by________A. Spanish missionaries from Europe.B .Black slaves from West Africa.C. British colonists from Asia.D. the Creole from the West India.22.Which of the following is not a team game?A. volleyball C. soccerB. bowling D. field hockey23 .If white –collar crimes were included in the Crime Index and if authorities were more vigorous in their enforcement of law ,the profile of a typical criminal in the United states would be_____A. older C. whiteB. wealthierD. living near city centers24. Which of the following used human being as guinea pigs to test drugs including LDS?A. The FBIB. The CIAC. CongressD. Richard Nixon25. The one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called____________A. the HippiesB. the Beat GenerationC. the Me GenerationD. the Lost Generations26. Which of the following can NOT be found in London?A. Teahouses.C. Museums.B. Galleries.D. Theatres.27. The Tower Of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built byA. King HaroldB. Robin HoodC. Oliver CromwellD. William the Conqueror28. The ________provides a fair way for deciding whom to admit when then they have 10 or 12 applicants for every first year students seat in the U.S.A.SATSB.NBAC.NEED.CBA29. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world forA. its most famous landmark, the "Giant's Causeway".B. its rich cultural lifeC. its low living standardsD. its endless political problems30. Which of the following about the Parliament is NOT true?A. There are no legal restraints upon Parliament.B. Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.C. Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.D. Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.31. In modern political system in Britain MPs stands for_________.A. members of parliament C. member of parliamentB. members of parliaments D. member of parliaments32. ___________ made the first desktop PC.A. Thomas EdisonB. Apple computersC. Tow tong amateur inventorsD. Samuel F.B. More33. These ____ and _____ stand today as Wales' great tourist attractions. Tourism is an important industryA. castles and estates C. Giant's CausewayB. Hadrian's Wall D. Royal Pavilion34. The British Queen decided to open__________ to summer tourists to raise money, which caused a lot criticism from the public.A. the Tower of London .B. British Museum.C. Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle.D. Westminster Abbey35.Dodds brothers, Johnny was on the ___________ ,Warren was on theA . drum.. B. guitar. C. clarinet D. banjo.A . drum.. B. guitar. C. clarinet D. banjo.得分三、Give brief explanations of the following ideas (Choose 5 from 8 to present on the paper )(25%)(5 point each)1. a significant role of London2.the Anglo-Saxons3.two immigration movements to the Americas4. American characteristics of religion5.Three Faiths in the U.S.6. the "Beat Generation"7.Jazz music8. Puritanism得分四、Analyze the causes that brought about the relative decline of the UK economy(20%)《英语国家社会与文化》考试试卷（B 卷）Key Answer一、Fill in the following information gaps(20%)(1 point each)1. 80%2. 16073. Nature5 .corporation 4. the legislative 6. Wall Street7.the White Anglo-Saxon Protestant8. Italy9 .Fennimore Cooper.11. the front line13 .Bachelor of Arts 15 .Microsoft10. Leaves of Grass12. Master of Business Administration14 .IBM16 .Glasgow17. the King18. the common laws19 .violin20.Associate of Sciences二、Choose the correct answer for each of the following (35%)(1 point each)1- 5 BCADA21-25 BDDBA 6-10 BDAAA11-15 AABAD16-20 DAAAA 26-30 ADADD31-35 ACACC三、Give brief explanations of the following ideas (Choose 5 from 8 to present on the paper )(25%)(5 point each)1.a significant role of LondonLondon is the capital of the UK, the largest city located in the south of the country. It's dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways. It's the cultural andbusiness centre and the headquarters of the vast majority of Britain's big companies. It's not only the financial centre of the nation, but also one of the major international financial centers in the world. It is a huge weight in Britain's economic and cultural life.2. the Anglo-SaxonsThe Anglo-Saxons were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.3. two immigration movements to the AmericasThe American continents were peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first from Asia and the second from Europe and Africa.4.American characteristics of religionThe Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution provides that there is no state religion and that church and state must be separated (Americans with different religions live together under the sane law). American religious beliefs continue to be strong with social progress. In the United States, every church is a completely independent organization and concerned with its own finance and its own building. There has been little concentration on doctrine or religious argument such as in European history.5.Three Faiths in the U.S.By the 1950s, the three faiths model of American religion had developed. Americans were considered to come in three basic varieties: Protestant, Catholic and Jewish, the order reflecting the strength in numbers of each group.6.the "Beat Generation"The "Beat Generation" was made up of a group of young writers in the 1950s based in San Francisco. The name referred simultaneously to the rhythm of Jazz music, to their sense that society was worn out, to the interest in new forms of experience, through drugs, alcohol or Eastern mysticism. Alan Ginsburg' s poem Howl set for them a tone of social protest.7.Jazz musicEarly jazz music first appeared in the Southern city of New Orleans at the end of the 19th century .It was a blend of folk music, Work chants, spirituals, marches , and even European classical music. A defining mark of this early New Orleans jazz was that a group of musicians improvising their notes in changing chords around a specific melodic line. All jazz bands use such instruments as a trumpet, a clarinet, a trombone, and percussion instrumentslike the drum, banjo, and guitars. Jazz developed into the 1920's with two different styles, namely, the Chicago style jazz and the New York style8. PuritanismPuritans were those who followed the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify the Church of England. They believed that human beings were predestined by God before they were born. Some were God's chosen people while others were damned to hell. No church nor good works could save people, The sign of being God' s elect was the success in his work or the prosperity in his calling. These beliefs had great impact on American culture.四、Analyze the causes that brought about the relative decline of the UK economy(20%)The UK has experienced an economic decline since 1945. But this is a relative decline rather than an absolute one .But Britain is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945, but since other countries developed more rapidly, it has slid from being the second largest economy to being the sixth. There are four reasons for the relative economic decline since 1945: firstly ,Britain had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the war, selling manyof its accumulated overseas assets, and borrowing large amounts from the United States and Canada. These debts meant that the UK entered the post-war era with a major economic problem; secondly, British colonies which used to provide raw materials and big markets gained independence. For example ,India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947, only 2 years after the end of the war. And the rest of the empire quickly followed India to independence, leaving Britain as just a medium-size European country ; thirdly Britain was heavily burdened with the huge military expenditure during relatively rapid and trouble-free the process of decolonization, which was still forced to maintain a substantial and expensive military presence in many overseas locationsuntil the process was completed ,mostly by the end of the 1960s . Also its position as one of the shapers of the post-war world required substantial military contributions both as one of NATO's major partners, and as a member of the UN Security Council. All this had the result that Britain spent a higher proportion of its national wealth on the military than most of its competitors; and fourthly, Britain also lacked the investment in modern equipment and new products for during the war its industry survived comparatively unaffected. British industry however could continue with its older factories and pre-war products, and given its other long-term .economic problems, This failure to invest sufficiently in industry also reflects a long-standing and continuing problem in the UK economy. relatively low rates of investment (the amount of money businesses put aside from profits to reinvest in the business in new products and production methods) were characteristic of the British economy in relation to other developed economies,this contrasted greatly with some of its competitors ,the two most successful post-war economies, Japan and Germany. So the comparatively strong economic position Britain found itself in 1945 was in many ways deceptive.给大家推荐一个英语微信群Empty Your Cup英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法，群里都是说英语，没有半个中文，而且规则非常严格，是一个超级不错的英语学习环境，群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人，还有鬼佬和外国美眉。
英语国家社会与文化入门基础Unit1
Unit 1一、判断1、Britain is no longer an imperial country.（T）英国不再是一个帝国主义国家。
2、The Commonwealth of Nations includes all European countries.（F）英联邦的国家包括所有欧洲国家。
3、1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity.（F）十分之一个非欧洲的英国人口的种族。
4、The stereotype of the English gentleman never applied to the majority of British people.（T）刻板印象的英国绅士永远适用于大多数的英国人。
5、When people outside the UK talk about England,they mistake it as Britain sometimes.（T）当英国以外的人谈论英国,有时他们的错误这是英国。
6、The scots and Welsh have a strong sence of being British.（F）苏格兰和威尔士有强烈的感觉是英国人。
7、Scotland was never conquered by the Romans.（T）苏格兰从未被罗马人征服。
8、MMost people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language,called"Gaelic".（F）大多数人在苏格兰古老的凯尔特语言,称为“盖尔语”。
9、Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means.（T）苏格兰与英格兰通过和平方式统一。
10、Wales is rich in coal deposits.（T）威尔士有丰富的煤炭储量。
英语国家社会与文化试题与答案
英语国家社会与文化1. The Norman Conquest of_____is perhaps the best - known event in English history. [单选题] *A. 1063B. 1064C. 1065D. 1066*2. Apart from a break during the Second World War, the BBC has been providing regular television broadcasts since _______. [单选题] *A.1935B.1936*C.1937D.19383. The first blacks were brought to North America as in 1619. [单选题] *A. adventurersB. slaves*C. servantsD. explorers4. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years ’War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, _____ . [单选题] *A.the War of the CeltsB.Norman ConquestC.the War of the Roses*D.Battle of Hastings5. Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses of which the most important matters could be seen in three of the following except . [单选题] *A.no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council;B.no serf should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the land*C.London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privilegesD.There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country.6. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor modified and improved the design in 1765. [单选题] *A. Abraham DarbyB. James Watt*C. John KayD. Richard Arkwright7. Soon after, Britain not only gave up its economic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership. [单选题] *A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World War*D. 19608. The House of Lords is presided over by . [单选题] *A. the Lord Chancellor*B. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister9. The Prime Minister is appointed by and he or she always sits in . [单选题] *A.the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB.the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC.the Queen, the House of Commons*D.the Queen, the House of Lords10. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in . [单选题] *A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons*11. The first immigrants in American history came from and . [单选题] *A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/ Netherlands*12. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are great population movement in the history of the United States. [单选题] *A. twoB. threeC. four*D. five13. The victory of was the turning point of the War of Independence. [单选题] *A. GettysburgB. TrentonC. YorktownD. Saratoga*14. The Wars of Roses lasted for years and king was replaced by king . [单选题] *A. 30, Richard III, Henry Tudor*B. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorC. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor15. In , a small group of Puritans sailed and arrived at in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the New Land. [单选题] *A. 1620, Plymouth*B. 1620, LondonC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth16. In the 18th century, there appeared in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines. [单选题] *A. the Bourgeois RevolutionB. the Wars of the RosesC. the Industrial Revolution*D. the Religious Reformation17. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher . [单选题] *A. Paul RevereB. John Locke*C. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass18. The ________ marked the establishment of feudalism in England. [单选题] *A. Viking invasionsB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman Conquest*D. adoption of common law19. Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the ―Big Three with the exception of . [单选题] *A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The Observer*D. The Daily Telegraph20. The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is . [单选题] *A. poetryB. drama*C. novelD. pamphlet21. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. [判断题] *对错*22. The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flows through western England. [判断题] *对*错23. The Hundred Years'War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikings for trade and territory. [判断题] *对错*24. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen Elizabeth Iactually defended the fruit of the Reformation. [判断题] *对*错25. America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus. [判断题] *对*错26. The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson. [判断题] *对错*27. The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation. [判断题] *对*错28. San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyland are located here. [判断题] *对错*29. When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality. [判断题] *对*错30. The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "'axis of evil”. [判断题] *对*错31. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history. [判断题] *对错*32. In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers. [判断题] *对错*33. The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations. [判断题] *对错*34. The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament. [判断题] *对*错35. The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected. [判断题] *对错*36. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a , later, he became Lord Protector. [填空题] *_________________________________(答案：Commonwealth)37. The Constitution of the United States follows two principles: the federal system and the of powers. [填空题]_________________________________(答案：Separation)38. In legislation the President of U.S. has a veto power over bills passed by . [填空题]_________________________________(答案：Congress)39. The Conservative Party developed out of the Party, while the Liberal party developed out of the Whig. [填空题]_________________________________(答案：Tory)40. The present sovereign of Britain is Queen , and Prince Charles is the heir to the throne. [填空题]_________________________________(答案：Elizabeth II)B1. Christopher Columbus discovered America in the year of 1492. [单选题] *T*F2. "No taxation without representation" was the rallying cry of the American Civil War. [判断题] *TF*3. 3. President F. D. Roosevelt's Policy to fight the Great Depression was called "War on Poverty".[判断题] *TF*4. The most dramatic crisis of the Cold War was the Cuban Missile Crisis. [单选题] *T*F5. In the aftermath of the September 11 terroist attack, President Bush ordered the invasion of Iraq in 2001, and then Afghanistan in 2003. [单选题] *TF*6. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. [判断题] *对错*7. The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flows through western England. [判断题] *对*错8. The Hundred Years'War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikings for trade and territory. [判断题] *对错*9. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Reformation. [判断题] *对*错10. America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus. [判断题] *对*错11. The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson. [判断题] *对错*12. The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation. [判断题] *对*错13. San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyland are located here. [判断题] *对错*14. When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality. [判断题] *对*错15. The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "'axis of evil”. [判断题] *对*错16. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history. [判断题] *对错*17. In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers. [判断题] *对错*18. The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations. [判断题] *对错*19. The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament. [判断题] *对*错20. The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected. [判断题] *对错*21. The terms for a Senator and Representative are _______ and _______ years. [单选题] *two, fourtwo, threetwo, sixsix, two*22. __________ is the capital city of Scotland. [单选题] *BelfastEdinburgh*LondonCardiff23. The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is . [单选题] *A. poetryB. drama*C. novelD. pamphlet24. Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the ―Big Three with the exception of . [单选题] *A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The Observer*D. The Daily Telegraph25. 10. Which of the following did NOT take place in the Nixon administration? [单选题] *A. VietnamizationB. Cuban Missile Crisis*C. Watergate ScandalD. Re-establishing US relations with China26. The Norman Conquest of is perhaps the best - known event in English history. [单选题] *A. 1063B. 1064C. 1065D. 1066*27. The first blacks were brought to North America as in 1619. [单选题] *A. adventurersB. slaves*C. servantsD. explorers28. Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses of which the most important matters could be seen in three of the following except . [单选题] *A.no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council;B.no serf should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the land*C.London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privilegesD.There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country.29. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor modified and improved the design in 1765. [单选题] *A. Abraham DarbyB. James Watt*C. John KayD. Richard Arkwright30. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years ’War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, . [单选题] *A.the War of the CeltsB.Norman ConquestC.the War of the Roses*D.Battle of Hastings31. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in . [单选题] *A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons*32. In the 18th century, there appeared in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines. [单选题] *A. the Bourgeois RevolutionB. the Wars of the RosesC. the Industrial Revolution*D. the Religious Reformation33. The ________ marked the establishment of feudalism in England. [单选题] *A. Viking invasionsB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman Conquest*D. adoption of common law34. The Prime Minister is appointed by and he or she always sits in . [单选题] *A.the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB.the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC.the Queen, the House of Commons*D.the Queen, the House of Lords35. The Wars of Roses lasted for years and king was replaced by king . [单选题] *A. 30, Richard III, Henry Tudor*B. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorC. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor36. In , a small group of Puritans sailed and arrived at in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the New Land. [单选题] *A. 1620, Plymouth*B. 1620, LondonC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth37. The first immigrants in American history came from and . [单选题] *A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/ Netherlands*38. The founders wanted the branch to be the dominant branch of the federal government. [单选题] *executivelegislative*judicialmedia39. Higher education in the United States began with the founding of _______. [单选题] *Yale UniversityHarvard College*Princeton UniversityMassachusetts Institute of Technology40. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher . [单选题] *A. Paul RevereB. John Locke*C. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass。
英语国家社会与文化入门练习
英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门练习英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门练习Book1Exercise One （Book1 Unit1）1.The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the fifth century.2.King Arthur was legendary hero supposed to have fought against the Saxons.3.The Romans invaded Britain in 43, and the only area they did not subdue therein was Scotland.4.The most important part of the UK in wealth is England.5.Celts were ironworkers, practiced farmers and they drained much of the marshlands and built houses. But they didn't speak Anglo Sanxon English. They have their own language.6.The real Roman conquest of Britain began in 43AD.7.The English are mainly decendants of Anglo-Sanxon.8.Alfred was the national hero during the fighting against Danes.9.English Channel separate Great Britain from the rest of the Europe.10.William was crowned King of England on the Christmas Day of 1066.11.The population of the UK consist of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the Irish.12.William, Duke of Normandy, is now known as William the Conqueror.13.Scotland occupies the northern portion of Great Britain.14.Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.15.Caelic is mainly spoken in Scotland.16.In 14th century, Wales was effectively united with England.Exercise Two（Book1 Unit3）1.In the English Civil War, the “Roundhead”supported Oliver Cromwell, while the “cavalier”supported Charles I.2.Parliament in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements: The Queen(The Sovereign), the House of Lords and the House of Commons.3.The House of Commons is the source of real political power in the UnitedKingdom.4.The Great Charter (Magna Carta) was signed by King John in 1215.5.The spirit of the Magna Carta was the limitation of the powers of the king.6.James l clung to the theory of the “Divine Right of Kings”.7.The Prime Minister of Britain was appointed by Queen.8.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is reigned over by the Monarch, but ruled by the government.9.The real power of the House of Lords lies in discussing bills.Exercise Three（Book1 Unit4）1.A general election is held normally every 5 years in the 650 consituencies of Brirain.（p50）2.With the help of DECC, the UK Low Carbon Transition Plan was published by the UK goverment.（p56）3.The majority of the working lords in the House of Lords are life peers,who earned their titles through their outstanding achievement.（p58）4.By the House of Commons is a “vote of no confidence” decided.（p50）5.In the general election, an MP candidate must deposit 500 pounds, which is returned if he or she receives 5% or more of the vote cast.（p50）6.The Labour Party is the primary opposition to the Conservatives.（p52）7.Mrs. Margaret Thatcher, a Conservative Party leader in 1980s, believed Privatization; the keeping of law and order; self-reliance. Except the strengthening of the trade unions.8.Margaret Thatcher carried out the economic policy of privatization to revitalize British economy in the 1980s.9.Political change in England came mainly through gradual reform.Exercise Four（Book1 Unit11）1.As far as the religion is concerned, people in Northern Ireland who are loyal to the British goverment are mainly Protestants, while people in the Republic of Ireland are mainly Catholics.2.Celts' language survived through history and Irish is the first officiallanguage of the Republic of Ireland.3.Christianity was brought to Ireland by Saint Patrick in the 5th century.4.In 1800, Irish parliament was voted out of existence. The Act of Union was signed, and Ireland was officially a part of Brirain.5.In 1870, a constitutional movement seeking Home Rule was instituted up by Isac Butt.6.The ancestors of the Irish are the Celts.7.The Celtic invaders came to Ireland in the 6th century.8.Celts bought a legal system-the Brehon law, to the island of Ireland.9.The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914.10.The political party, Sinn Fein, was developed by Arthur Griffith.11.Under the Celtic Brehon law, women were given more rights in Ireland than in the British colonial period.Book1 Unit151.The first group of English were brought in Australia as convicts in 1788by the First Fleet.2.The Dreaming is the oldest religion on Australia.3.Platypus, kangaroo and koala are unique to the Australia continent.4.Australia was essentially unknown in the West until the 17th centry.5.The Dreaming is the most enduring religion in Australia today.（p246）6.The first industries that were developed after the settlement were the sealing industries.7.The original natives of Australia are the Aborigines.8.Under the policy of assimilation, children were taken away from their parents to be placed in church-run institutions and the missionaries on the “protected reserves”.Book1 Unit161.Anglicanism is one of the many forms of Protestantism.（p258）2.Levels of sports in Australia are high particularly in both water sports and team sports.3.Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism and Judaism are the major forms of non-Christian religions in Australia except Catholicism.4.The most popular sport in Australia is football.Book2Exercise 5（Unit1）1.In the north, a series of large lakes were formed by huge glaciers.（F）（p3）2.Now most of New Zealand's forest has been turned into golf course.（F）（p4）3.In New Zealand, you can see a lot of Kiwi, a symbol of the nation.（F）（p4）4.Most Maori live on rural areas.（F）（p8）5.Before Europeans came to New Zealand, Maori had had their own written languages and recorded their history in written form.（F）（p10）6.In 1642 the Dutch explorer Thomas Cook made the first confirmed Eiropean discovery of New Zealand.（F）（p10）7.New Zealand's highest peak is Mount Cook in the mountain range called the central Southern Alps.（p3）8.New Zealand consists of two main lands: North Island and South Island.（p3）9.The Southern Alps, with Mt Cook in the center, runs almost the whole length of the South Island.（p3）10.Wellington is the capital of New Zealand.（p4）11.Nearly three-quarters of the population (including more than 95% of the Maori) live on the North Island.（p6）12.The first European to visit New Zealand was a Dutchman, Abel Tasman.（p10）13.The Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 was an agreement between the chiefs of the Maori people and the British Crown.（p10）14.As the first environmental legislation in the world, the Resource Management Act focuses on the effect of human activities on the environment.（p6）15.Auckland, the country's largest urban area, is located on the North Island.（p6）16.In 1975, the Waitangi Tribunal was estabilished to address past wrongs and Maori grievances.（p9）Unit31.Christopher Columbus discovered America in the year of 1947.（F）（p33）2.In 1607,Britain planted its firat colony, Jamestown, in what is now Virginia.（T）（p35）3.The second President John Adams completed the Louisiana Purchasr, which more than doubled the size of the United States.（F）（p47）4.Thomas Jefferson, American Democratic Repubilican statesman, 3rd President of US, made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.5.“All men are created equal”is from the document called The Declaration of Independence.（p42）6.The Treaty of Paris, signed in September 1783, recognized the independence of the United States and granted the new nation all theterritory north of Florida, South of Canada and east of Mississipi river.（p42）7.The principal author of The Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson.8.The important thing done in the Second Continental Congress was that Washington was appointed commander of the army.（p42）9.13 continental states are there at the time of independence of the United States.（p42）10.The U.S.A. is known as a “Melting Pot”for its mixture of nationalities.（p33）11.John Calvin is the man whose teaching develop into Puritanism.（p33）Exercise SixUnit41.American president is elected directly by the voters of the nation (all the citizens of the US).2.The practice of judicial review, an important feature of the Americanlegal system is a crucial weapon in the hands of Congress.（F）（p55）3.According to the principle of checks and balances, the president has to share power with the legislative and the judiciary branches.（T）（p55）4.Most of the bills introduced to the Congress can eventually becomes law. （F）（p54）5.The American government has always been playing an unimportant role in the development of American economy.（F）（p57）6.Congress can override the president's veto by a two-thirds vote.7.Like all federal judges, the Supreme Court justices, are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate.（p54）8.The role of American presidents includes command the armed forces, negotiate and sign treaty and appoint certain personnel except pass law.9.In the United States, a case subject to federal jurisidiction is heard first before a federal district judge, and then appeal may be made to the Federal Court of Appeals, and finally to the Supreme Court.（p55）10.The most important of the US Supreme Court, known as the power ofjudicial review consists of determining whether congressional legislation or executive action violates the constitution.11.The Constitution defines distinct powers for the Congress of the United States, the president, and the federal courts. This division of authority is known as a system of checks and balances, and it ensures that none of the branches of government can dominate the others.Unit81.According to US laws, American children must go to school until they are at least 16 years old.（p119）2.American public schools are supported by taxes and controlled by the federal government.（F）（p119）3.Religious doctrines can be taught in American public schools.（F）（p119）4.Harvard University was founded in 1636.（p121）5.Junior college in America is two-year college.（p123）Exercise seven（unit14）I. True or False1. The most dramatic crisis of the Cold War was the Cuban Crisis.T2. In the aftermath of September 11 terrorist attack, President Bushordered the invasion of Iraq in 2001, and then Afghanistan in 2003.F （p225）3. The credibility of the Bush administration was significantly improvedwhen the Saddam regime was found possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD).F（p226）4. Mr. Barack Obama is the first Hispanic American president everelected in the US history.F5. Most significantly, Obama visited Turkey and Iran to show that the US wanted to improve its relations with the Muslim world.F（p227）II. Multiple Choice1. Which of the following did NOT take place in the Nixon administration?CA. Vietnamization.B. Cuban Missile Crisis.C. Watergate Scandal.D. Re-establishing US relations withChina.2. The formal diplomatic relation between China and the US was established under President ________.AA. NixonB. BushC. CarterD. Reagan3. Who is the founding leader of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda,wildly known as the culprit behind the terrorist attacks on the United States?CA. Adolf Hitler.B. Saddam Hussein.C. Bin Laden.D. Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.4. Which of the following US administrations launched the first Gulf War?A. The Clinton administration.B. The Bush (Jr.) administration.C. The Obama administration.D. The Bush (Sr.) administration.5. The two Germanys, which had been separated since the end of Word WII, were reunited in ____A____.A. 1990B. 1991C. 1989D. 19996. In which of the following year did September 11 Attacks happen in the United States and kill more than 3,000 people?BA. 2000.B. 2001.C. 2002.D. 2003.7. Who was supported by Obama as the Secretary of Energy in July 2009?CA. Gary F. Locke.B. Maya Lin.C. Stephen ChuD.Elaine Chao.8. Where did President Obama make his historical speech whereby he announced a major change in US policy towards the Muslim world?DA. Damascus, Lebanon.B. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.C. Ankara, Turkey.D. Cairo Egypt.III. Blank Filling1. The Cold War ended after the Soviet Union disintegrated in 1991, leaving the United States as the dominant military power.2. Unilateralism, faith in military strength, regime change formed thecore elements of Bush Doctrine.3. By the end of his first year in office, views on Obama’s foreignpolicy record proved more positive than negative.IV. MatchingMatch the US president with the event that took place in his presidency.Exercise EightI. True or False(Unit 17)1. The Group of Severn refers to a group of painters in the 1900s.F2. Quebec is the largest province in area and population.F3. The first major waves of immigration happened in the first half ofthe 20th century.G(Unit 18)4. Governor Generals represent the Queen of England in Canada andusually serve for one term of seven years.F5. British and French political traditions have an important influenceon the formation of the Canadian political system.F6. The Senate is also an elected body of men and women, representingfour main regions in Canada.F7. In Canada, local governments are subordinate to the provincialgovernments, and provincial governments are subordinate to the federal government.F (Unit 19)8. The Métis played an important role in fur trade between the Firstpeople and the Europeans.T9. The major economic activity during colonial times was the fur trade.F10. In Canada, immigration remains an explosive political issue.TII. Blank Filling(Unit 17)1. Most of the inhabitants in the North of Canada are Aboriginalpeoples.2. The western-most province is British Columbia, which has three majormountain ranges running through it, among which the largest one is the Rockies.3. Lake Louise, located in the Rockies, is probably the most famousimage of the Canadian landscape.4. The prairies are flat and featureless and have a harsh continentalclimate.5. The prairies are called Canada's breadbasket because the terrain iswell-suited to farming.6. Ontario and Quebec are the most densely populated provinces. Overhalf of Canada's population live in the two provinces.7. Newfoundland was the last province to join Canada in 1949.(Unit 18)8. Canada?s political system reflects the two major foreign forces onthe historical development of the country: Britain and the United States.9. Canada's system of government was based on the British system of parliamentary democracy. This is often referred to as ?West-minster-style? democracy.10.Canada was the first political community to combine federalism with a。
英语国家社会与文化入门
英语国家社会与文化入门（上）Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom IThe full name of the country of UK is the Untied Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.UK includes 4 parts: the island of Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales, and Northern Ireland.Different people who belong to different class will tend to read different newspaper, watch different television programmes, speak with a different accent, do different things in their free-time, and have different expectations for their children.Before the 1st century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people.In 43 AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire and England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.After Roman time, Britain was under threat from outside, this time from Germanic peoples: the Angles, and the Saxon.In the 5th century AD it is said that a great leader appeared, united the British, and with his magical sword, Excalibur, drove the Saxons back. This is the story of King Arthur. According to legend Arthur gathered a company of knights to him and conflict between his knights led to Arthur creating the famous “round table” at which all would have equal precedence.Anglo-Saxon invaders were the forefathers of the English, the founders of “Angle-land” or “England” as it has become know.From the late 8th century on raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain’s shores.The next invaders were the Normans, from northern France, who were descendants of Vikings.Under William of Normandy they crossed the English Channel in 1066.William took the English throne, and became William the First of England.Robin Hood was a Saxon nobleman oppressed by the Normans, who became an outlaw, and with his band of “merry men” hid in the forest of Sherwood in the north midlands of England and they went out to rob from the rich to give to the poor.Charles the First’ attempt to overrule parliament in the 1640s led to a civil war in which parliamentary forces were victorious, and the king was executed. And then England was ruled by parliament’s leader, Oliver Cromwell.The largest city of Scotland is Glasgow and the capital city is Edinburgh.Scotland was not conquered either by the Romans or the Anglo-Saxons.Like England Scotland began to experience Viking raid in the 9th century.Under the leadership of Robert the Bruce, the Scots were victorious at the Battle of Bannockburn, leading to 300 years of full independence.In 1603, Queen Elizabeth the First of England died childless, and the next in line to the throne was James the Sixth of Scotland, so he also became James the First of England, uniting the two thrones.In 1707 by agreement of English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union.The Scotland Act 1998 provided for the establishment of the Scottish Parliament and Executive.Scottish writes have given the world such well-known work as Walter Scott’s romances of highland Scotland and “Auld Lang Syne” (by Robert Burns)The capital city of Wales is Cardiff.Unit 2 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom IIThe capital city of Northern Ireland is Belfast.The most famous landmark of Northern Ireland is the “Giant’s causeway”, a rocky promontory made up of black hexagonal columns.From the time of Queen Elizabeth I the new settlers, loyal to the British crown and Protestant in religious persuasion, were granted land, position, and privileges which had been systematically take away from the indigenous, Roman Catholic population.“Great hatred, little room” was the way the modern poet W. B. Yeats described the situation. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland”, not only “Northern Ireland”, because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain.The Easter Rising of 1916 was the most spectacular event, in which the rebels took over Dublin’s Post Office, forcing the British to retake it by military means.In 1919 a group calling itself the IRA (Irish Republican Army) expanded the fighting.In the end the conflict became too great to ignore, and as the Sinn Fein party, who were supporters of the Irish terrorists, gained most of the Irish seats in the British parliament, Irish independence became inevitable.In 1921 the southern 26 counties formed an independent “free state”, while the 6 north-eastern counties remained a part the UK.In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Irish streets.The official IRA thought enough progress had been made that they could concentrate on a political process, and run candidates for elections, but a strong faction felt that armed force was the only way to get the British out, and separated from the officials, calling themselves the “Provisional IRA”.In 1971 the Northern Irish government took the desperate step of imprisoning terrorist suspects from both sides without trial, a policy known as “internment”, which targeted primarily Catholic men in the North.In 1972 468 people were killed in Northern Ireland and that day has now been mythologiesed as “Bloody Sunday”, an important symbol of British oppression.In 1973, an agreement was reached between the main political parties in Northern Ireland, and importantly, the British and Irish governments, which led to a new form for the Northern Irish Parliament, with a Power-Sharing mechanism.The Sinn Fein party spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of “The Bullet and the Ballot Box”.As a result of multi-party negotiations, aided this time by the intervention of the United States Senator George Mitchell, the Good Friday Agreement known also the Belfast Agreement, emerged on 10 April 1998.Unit 3 The Government of the United KingdomBritain is arguably the oldest representative democracy in the world, with roots that can be traced over a thousand years.The oldest institution of government is the Monarchy.The power of the monarchy was largely derived from the ancient doctrine of the “divine right of kings”The opposition was so powerful the king finally granted a gang of feudal barons and the Church a charter of liberty and political rights, still know by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta, which is still regarded as Britain’s key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.The civil war which brought the Roundheads to power in the 17th century was rooted in a dispute over the power of the king vis-à-vis Parliament.In 1689 Parliament passed the Bill of Rights which ensured that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.In 1832, when a system for choosing the House of Commons by popular election replaced the monarch’s job of appointing representatives, the modern political system was born.The party with the most supporters in the Commons forms the government, and by tradition, the leader of that party becomes Prime Minister.Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.British governance today is based upon the terms and conditions of the constitution.Israel and Britain are the only two countries without written constitutions of the sort which most countries have.The foundations of the British state are laid out in statute law, that is, laws passed by Parliament; the common laws, which are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts, not because Parliament has written them; and conventions, which are rules and practices which do not exist legally, but are nevertheless regarded as vital to the workings of government.Parliament is supreme in the British state because it alone has the power to change the terms of the Constitution.Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.The role of the monarchy today is primarily to symbolize the tradition and unity of the British state.There are 724 Lords and 646 Members of Parliament in the House of Commons.Unit 4 Politics, Class and RaceIn 1928 it reached the current level of about 99% can vote (those excluded are Lords, certain categories of convicted criminals, the legally insane, and resident foreign citizens – except UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic)After a government has been in power for 5 years it has to resign and hold a “general election”, in which all British adults are given the chance to vote again for their constituency’s MP.Anyone who is eligible to vote can stand as an MP. It is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are the two biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern. But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats.The Labour party is the newest of these three, created by the growing trade union movementat the end of the nineteenth century.The Conservative party is the party that spend most time in power.The Liberal Democrats are the third biggest party, and to some extent may be seen as a party of the “middle”, occupying the ideological ground between the two main parties.Margaret Thatcher is the UK’s first woman Prime Minister.The car-worker probably reads a paper like The Sun: a newspaper with little heard news and more about TV soap operas, the Royal family, and sport. The university teacher might read The Guardian: a larger newspaper with longer stories, covering national and international news, “high” culture such as theatre and literature, and so on.Unit 5 The UK EconomyThe UK is now the world’s sixth largest economy.The UK is not only a member of the G7, G8, G20 major economies, but also a member of the World Trade Organization.Firstly, the country had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the war, selling many of its accumulated overseas assets, and borrowing large amounts from the United States and Canada.Secondly, the ear of empire was over. India, popularly known as “The Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947.Thirdly, despite the relatively rapid and trouble-free process of decolonization, Britain has still forced to maintain a substantial and expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the process was completed.Fourthly, although Britain was quite badly damaged by German bombing during the war, its industry survived comparatively unaffected. This failure to invest sufficiently in industry also reflects a long-standing and continuing problem in the UK economy.National economies can be broken down into three main areas: “primary” industries, such as agriculture, fishing, and mining; “secondary” industries, which manufacture complex goods from those primary products; and tertiary industries, often described as services, such as banking, insurance, tourism, and the selling of goods.Britain’s agricultural sector is small but efficient, producing 58% of the UK’s food needs with only 2% of its workforce.Scottish ports land the majority of the fish caught.Three of the biggest ten companies in Britain are to be found in the energy sector: Shell, British Petroleum (BP), and British Gas.The World’s largest mining company, RTZ, is a UK company which operates mines all over the world.The British company Glaxo-Wellcome is the biggest drug company in the world.70% of the UK’s workforce are employed in the service sector.London is one of the top three financial centres in the world. It has the greatest concentration of foreign banks in the world, accounts for 20% of all international bank-loans, and is the world’s largest foreign exchange market. As well as banking, dealing in commodities and insurance are important processes in “The City”—the name given to the historic area at the centre of London where all this business is concentrated, at the heart of which is London Stock Exchange, one of the business share-dealing centres in the world.Aerospace is one of the UK’s highest value adding manufacturing sectors.Unit 6 British LiteratureThe major literature competition is the annual Booker Prize.Much early British writing was concerned with Christianity: Anglo-Saxons produced beautifully illustrated versions of the Bible: the most famous of these is the Book of Kells. One of the oldest of these early “Old English” litrary works is long poem from Anglo-Saxon times called Beowulf.One work from Norman Conquest times often studied today by middle school and college students is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, who was the first court poet to write in English.There was a general flowering of cultural and intellectual life in Europe during the 15th and 16th century which is known as “The Renaissance”.Christopher Marlowe’s most famous play is The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, the story of a man who sold his soul to the devil in return for power.William Shakespeare is probably the best-known literary figure in the world.The tragedies include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth.Among the comedies are The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Twelfth Night, and The Tempest.A permanent monument of English literature style commemorates James’s name. He ordered the translation of the Holy Scriptures known as the King James Bible(1611).The Essays of Frances Bacon made popular in English a literary form widely practiced afterward.The literary giant of the 17th century, John Milton was much bound up in Puritan Revolution. The most famous pamphlets is Areopagitica. During his retirement from public life he produced his masterpieces: Paradise Lost, its sequel, Paradise Regained, and the poetic tragedy Samson Agonistes.Johnthan Swift’s name is linked with the fanciful account of four voyages known to us as Guliver’s Travels.Scotland produced a much-loved poet, Robert Burns, who wrote in Scottish dialect.Daniel Defoe ‘s first and greatest novel appeared in 1719, which was Robinson Crusoe, the most famous tale of shipwreck and solitary survival in all literature.Two poets offered what had been called romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.” This was a volume of poems called Lyrical Ballads, written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.George Gordon, Lord Byron’s large body of work includes the partly autobiographical Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. Don Juan owed its title.John Keats’s art is nowhere greater than in the two pomes “Ode on a Grecian Urn” and ”Ode to a Nightingale.”Percy Bysshe Shelley’s writing has a wide range. The lovely musical quality of his work appears in the fine verses of “Ode to the West Wind” and “To a Skylark”The spirit of Romanticism also occurred in the novel, notably in Mary Shelley’s (the poet Shelly’s wife) Frankenstein, the story of science gone wrong through the disastrous consequences of an arrogant scientist’s attempts to create life.Most of Sir Walter Scott’s themes came from medieval and Scottish history and he wrote a number of romantic novels.Jane Austen, who excelled at this form of writing, is indeed one of the greatest of all Englishnovelists. A delightful, almost flawless stylist, she has devoted admirers of her Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, and Emma, among other works.Perhaps the most famous literary family in British history are the Bronte sisters, and they too were influenced by the Romantic movement. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre and Emily’s Wuthering Heights are the most successful.Charles Dickens produced Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, David Copperfield and Great Expectations.Later in the 19th century Robert Louis Stevenson also wrote Scottish historical romances, The Adventures in Treasure Island and Kidnapped thrill readers young and old. His most famous short novel was The strange Case of Doctor Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.Among Thomas Hardy’s better-known novels are The Return of the Native, Tess of the D’urbervilles, and Jude the Obscure.20th century literature can be broadly divided into two stylistic periods: Modernism, and Postmodernism.One of the most famous of English modernist writers is Joseph Conrad, whose most famous novel is The Heart of Darkness.Virginia Woolf is another writer associated with Modernism, and one of the most famous writers of the century. Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse, and Orlando are among her best-known books.D.H. Lawrence wrote Sons and Lovers.Unit 7 British Education SystemMany people think school is just about teaching children what are often called “the three Rs” – “reading, riting and rithmetic”. But the purpose of the British education system is also to socialize children.The school (or college) tie is a clear marker of social class.Education in the UK is compulsory. Children are legally obliged to attend school from the age of 5 (4 in Northern Ireland) to 16.State schools are funded by local and central government. The government also sometimes assists schools established by religious groups.In the private sector there are independent schools which are commonly, but confusingly, called public schools. Independent schools receive their funding through the private sector and through tuition rates, with some government assistance.Between the ages of 5 to 11, pupils mainly attend state sector primary schools.From the age of 11 up to around the age of 19, students attend secondary schools.General Certificate of Secondary Education are the main means of assessing pupils’ progress in their final 2 years of compulsory education.Other pupils who decide not to go to university may choose to take vocational training.So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham. Oxford and Cambridge date from the 12th and 13 centuries.The Open University offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degree.Unit 8 British Foreign RelationsBritain was active in setting up the United Nations and, in recognition of its continuingimportance to world politics it was awarded a seat on the UN Security Council.The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits.The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy. The main government department involved is of course the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.The Ministry of Defence, although it is considered less important than the FCO, is an important play.The Department of Trade and Industry is concerned with formulating international trade policy and managing British commercial relations with other countries.A less obvious, but extremely influential play in Britain’s foreign poly is the Treasury. Britain is one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, along with Russia, China, the US and France.In 1973 the United Kingdom joined the European Economic Community, now EU.Through its involvement in NATO, Britain was committed to European defence cooperation Britain is also a member of the Commonwealth, a voluntary association of states which is made up mostly of former British colonies.The keystone of British defence policy is its participation in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, more commonly known as NATO.Unit 9 The British MediaThe observer, which is still published every Sunday, first appeared in 1791, making it the world’s oldest Sunday newspaper, while The Times, which began publishing in 1785, is the United Kingdom’s oldest daily newspaper.This watchdog function, keeping an eye on the government, is one of the reasons why a free press is considered so important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy.The British media all must follow the Advertising Code which ensure that advertisements are legal, decent, honest and truthful; have a sense of responsibility for consumer and society; and respect the principles of fair competition.Until the 1980s, almost all the national newspapers had their headquarters on or around Fleet Street in London, and sometimes you will hear newspaper culture referred to still as “Fleet Street”, or even, sometimes, the Street of Shame, reflecting the birth of scandals which take place.While officially speaking the British press is “free” from government control and censorship and can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.The oldest and most popular soap, which began in the 1960s, is Coronation Street.The British Broadcasting Corporation – more familiarly known as the BBC or even “the Beeb” – us Britain’s main public service broadcaster.The BBC is funded by licence fees and viewers must buy a licence each year for their TV set. Unit 10 Sports, Holidays and Festivals in Britain“Football hooligans”, supporters of rival teams, sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up.Wimbledon, actually a London suburb, is where the world’s best players gather to compete ongrass courts. It is one of the major events of the British sporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world.Cricket was one of the very first team sports in Britain to have organized rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally.The game of golf was invented by the Scottish.The true sport of British Kings and Queens is not skiing or golfing, but horse racing.There are two kinds of horse racing: flat racing, where horses and riders compete on a flat, oval track; and steeplechasing, which is racing either across the countryside, or around a course designed to represent the obstacles you might encounter in the countryside. Christmas, December 25th, is the biggest and best loved British holiday.There are three Christmas traditions which are particularly British: one is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play.Another British Christmas tradition is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the television and radio.A third British tradition, which is also celebrated in countries with British heritages, is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christmas.For church goers it is Easter, not Christmas, which is the most important Christian festival. One of Britain’s most impressive and colourful festival happens on the second Saturday in June when the Queen’s Birthday is officially celebrated by “Trooping the Colour” around Buckingham Palace in London.The UK, unlike most countries, does not have a “national day”.One truly English holiday is Bonfire Night – sometimes called Guy Fawkes Night – celebrated in the early autumn.The Twelfth is the high point of what is known as the Marching Season, when Protestant “Orangemen” take to the streets wearing their traditional unifors of bowler hats, black suits and orange sashes, marching through the streets sing, banging durms and playing in marching bands.Northern Irish Catholics celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick, on March 17 each year.How Hogmanay is celebrated varies throughout Scotland, but one widely practiced is “first footing”.Each year Scottish people all over the world celebrate their most beloved national poet, Robert Burns, by holding a Burns Supper on the evening of his birthday.Halloween is a Scottish festival that comes from the great feast of the pagan Celts which marked the arrival of the winter half of the year.Wales has some of the oldest and richest literary, musical and poetic traditions in Europe. Unit 11 Land, People and HistorySeen from the air, the visitor’s first impression of Ireland is an intense green or rather mixture of greens, which changes little between summer and winter.Emigration did take place before the Great Famine, mostly from the northern part of Ireland, known as the province of Ulster.The event that triggered the Great Famine was a blight on the potato crop.The stereotype of the Irish in the British popular press of this period is of a people who were, at best, lazy, impractical, and dreamy; at worse, dirty, untrustworthy, and close to animals.Thus the Great Famine became a watershed in Irish history.And yet Ireland’s history has been one of invasions of vastly different peoples – Celts, Christians, Vikings, Normans, English – each of which has made a distinctive contribution to its present population.But for all the legacies of the Celts, it is their language that has proved the most lasting.With the language, the Celts brought an instrument of social and cultural unity to the island, which transcended political and social divisions.Along with their language, the Celts also brought a legal system.From around 800 onwards Viking marauders attacked Ireland, as well as England.During the course of the 13th century, the Normans were the first to attempt to impose on Ireland a centralized administration which mimicked the parliament and legal system and administrative practices of their native England.Following its slogans of “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity,” the Society of the United Irishmen was founded in 1791 to press for radical reform.After the defeat of the 1798 rebellion, the London government took drastic action to curtain any notions of Irish independence.The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB; later known as the Irish Republican Army of IRA) was founded in 1858 to promote, by violence if necessary, Irish independence from Great Britain.To counter just such bloody and futile rebellions, a constitutional movement seeking Home Rule was instituted up by Issac Butt.The Home Rule bill was finally passed in 1914, but its implementation was shelved upon the outbreak of World War I.In 1916 the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army staged another, and final, rebellion against British rule, which is called The Easter Rising.In December, 1921 the Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed, with the result that 26 counties gained independence as the new Irish Free State.Unit 12 Politics and EconomyIn structure, like most former colonies of Great Britain, the Irish Republic has a Prime Minister or Taoiseach and a Deputy Prime Minister or Tanaiste.Once elected, it is the Taoiseach who appoints a cabinet to execute the daily business of government.The Parliament or Dail frames and enacts all legislation for the country.Finally, the laws are enforced by an unarmed police force, called the Garda Siochana.Being a republic, rather than a monarchy, the government is headed by a President, who is elected directly by the people.Every citizen of 35 years of age or over usually is eligible to run for President.The President’s term of office is seven years. A President can be reelected once only.The executive powers of the State are exercised by, or on the authority of, the Government. The Government consists of the Taoiseach and the ministers that he or she appoints to the cabinet.The Parliament of Ireland is comprised of two houses: the Dail and the Seanad or the Senate. The elected system used in Ireland is called “proportional representation”.The civil service is divided into sixteen Government Departments, each headed by a Ministerappointed by the Taoiseach.The legal courts in Ireland are arranged in a hierarchy, while the District Court is at the bottom of the ladder, and then Circuit Court, the High Court and the Supreme Court is the court of final appeal.Ireland’s entrance into the EU in 1973 has transformed labour practice and given Ireland access to the Single Market.Mimicking the boom in Asia, the media called Ireland’s sudden wealth “The Celtic Tiger” economy.Unit 13 Irish Culture: How the Irish Live NowOn the one hand, the English political domination of Ireland has left the Republic with a secure and workable administrative, educational, and judicial system.On the other hand, the Irish are proud they do not have a monarchy: they think of themselves as citizens, not as subjects.In Ireland, the Catholic Church also exercised a firm hold over educational structure, over hospitals, over the media, and over the way people thought about themselves and their lives. What has changed dramatically in the last forty years has been the structure of Irish family life.The primary agent in effecting change in traditional family life has been the movement for women’s liberation.The communal facility in both city and countryside that is most widely patronized is the public house or “pub”.One of the reasons why these informal work practices are congenial is that there is little division in an Irish person’s life between his work and his social life.In Ireland, trade unions are an important part of job security.Traditionally, Irish education was undertaken by various religious orders, mostly Roman Catholic, with the result that forty years ago, almost three quarters of existing schools were “denominational” — that is, associated with one religious denomination or another.In 1996-1997 the Irish government extended free education to cover all public universities, as is common in most of European countries.In Ireland, education is compulsory for children aged six to fifteen years.The vast majority of children receive their primary education in “national schools”; i.e., state-aided schools.Most secondary schools are privately owned, many by Catholic religious communities — and are hence sectarian or denominational.Like the Chinese gao kao, the Leaving Certificate exams set by the Department of Education which are uniform for all Irish students.There are five public universities in the State.The University of Dublin comprises one college, Trinity College. This is the oldest university in the State, founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I for the education of Protestants.Unit 14 Irish Culture: Language, Literature and ArtsThe language that is spoken universally in the Republic of Ireland is a version of standard。
英语国家社会与文化入门考试答案
LondonLondon is the largest city located in the south of the country. It is dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways. It is the cultural and business centre and the headquarters of the vast majority of Britain’s big companies. It is not only the financial centre of the nation, but also one of the three major international financial centres in the world.Robin Hood (罗宾汉)RH was a Saxon nobleman. As he could no longer put up with oppressions from the Normans, he became an outlaw and hid himself with his band “merry men” in the forest. From this secret place, he went out to rob from the rich to give the poor.The Anglo-SaxonsThey were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.King Arthur（亚瑟王）It is said that he was the king of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends.King HaroldHe was the Saxon King whose army was defeated in the Battle of Hastings in 1066, when William the Conqueror invaded England from France.Elizabethan drama（伊丽莎白时期戏剧）During the Renaissance, one of the most successful and long-lasting expressions of British culture is drama. That was the period of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Theatres perform the plays of many notable playwrights, including Ben Jonson and William Shakespeare.The Canterbury tales（坎特伯雷故事集）The Canterbury tales written by Geoffrey Chaucer is the most important work in Middle English literature. It is made up of a series of stories told by 31 pilgrims to entertain each other on their way to the Christian Church at Canterbury in southeast England.The King James Bible（圣经）King James I ordered the translation of the Holy Scriptures, which came to be known as the King James Bible. It appeared in 1611. Although it was not the first English translation and there have been many translations since, King James Version will probably never be matched for majesty of language. For many generations it has had a greater influence on style and standards of taste than any other single work in English literature.RomanticismRoughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature’s romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason. A volume of poems called Lyrical Ballads written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge is regarded as the romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.” The spirit of romanticism also occurred in the novel.The Bronte sisters（勃朗特姐妹）Perhaps the most famous literary family in British history are the Bronte sisters, who were influenced by the Romantic Movement. Charlotte, Emily and Ann were daughters of the vicar of a village church. Although they were poor, they were educated. In their short lives, they didn’t produce much, but their works are among the best-loved novels in English.ModernismModernism refers to a form of literature mainly written before WWII. It can be seen as a reaction against the 19th century forms of Realism. Often, Modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action.The foundations of British foreign policyThe contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. As Britain lost its empire so recently, British policy-makers frequently forget that Britain is not as influential as it used to be in world affairs. Another decisive influence upon the way Britain handles its external affairs is geopolitical attitude to Europe.The makin g of Britain’s foreign policyThe general direction of Britain’s foreign policy is mainly decided by the Prime Minister and Cabinet. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, the main government department, plays a significant role in the making of Britain/s foreign policy. Many other government ministries such as the Minister of Defence also play a part in formulating and carrying out the government’s decisions.Britain and the EUBritain joined the EU in 1973. Britain’s participation in the EU remains controv ersial. The UK has always been interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area. Britain like to regard the EU as a place where economic cooperation is possible and where a flow of trained personnel and goods are possible.Britain and the USThe British foreign policy is also affected by its relationship with the US. During WW II, the two countries were closely allied and continued to work together closely in the post war years. However, the British are beginning to realize that their own foreign policy actions can be limited by the US. But both sides have worked hard to maintain the “special relationship.”The Commonwealth (共和国)The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of states which is made up of Britain and mostly of former British colonies. Many of these are developing countries; others are developed nations. The Commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network.。
英语国家社会与文化入门Unit2
Unit2一、判断题1、Ireland is part of Great Britain.（F）爱尔兰是英国的一部分。
2、"Ulster",referring to Northen Ireland,was once an ancient Irish Kingdom.（T）“阿尔斯特”,指的是爱尔兰北部,曾经是一个古老的爱尔兰王国。
3、The capital of Belfast is large city with half a million people.（F）贝尔法斯特的首都是一百万人的大型城市。
4、Northern Ireland is significant because of its manufacturing industry.（F）北爱尔兰是重要的因为它的制造业。
5、The majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people who inhabited Britain Isles before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago.（T）大部分爱尔兰人最初的凯尔特人的后裔的人居住英国群岛2000年前在罗马人到来之前。
6、Most Britain people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics.（T）大多数英国人是新教徒,大多数爱尔兰人都是天主教徒。
7、The Britain government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland.（F）英国政府没有从伦敦直接统治在北爱尔兰。
8、Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland.（T）新芬党是一种合法的政党在北爱尔兰。
英语国家概况社会文化入门简答题 上册 答案
unit71 (1)What are the purposes of the British education system? (2)Please comment on these purposes. (3)What are the main purposes of the Chinese education system? (4)Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations?答：(1)The purpose of the British education system is to teach children practical skills and socialize them. (2)Children learn practical skills, and the rules and values they need to become good citizens, to participate in the community, and to contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy. (3)The purpose of the Chinese education is to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society. (4) In china, people think school is just about teachi ng children what are often called” the three R’s---“reading, writing and ‘arithmetic”(reading, writing and arithmetic).2. How does the British education reflect social class?British education reflect the deeper divisions in British society in which social class is still very important: class inequality can be erased or continued according to education policy. What’s more, the enduring feature of British education is the continuing debate over how “equal” educational opportunity should be. In British, the accent you speak with, the clothes you wear, and the schools you attend are all markers that identify your social class. The school (or college)tie is a clear marker of social class. Even on informal occasions you will sometimes see men wearing their school ties as belts to hold up their trousers –proudly displaying their attendance at a certain school. In Britain, where you are educated is very important to you future.3 what are the major changes that have taken place since World war 2? Is British education moving towards more progress or more equality? Pick up some examples from the text to illustrate your points.Other major changes to the British education system were caused by world war Ⅱ。
英语国家社会与文化入门(高清上册))
UNIT 6 1. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States? 1. By the middle of the 18th century, many different kinds of Protestants lived in America. 2. The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a "revival" movement that sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion, cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups, or denominations. 3. A few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs. 4. The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States forbade the new federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or exercise, of religion. 3 What promotes the diversity in American religion? 1. The United States has always been a fertile ground for the growth of new religious movements. Frontier America provided plenty of room to set up a new church or found a new community. 2. Many religious communities and secular utopias, or experiments in new forms of social living, were founded in 18th and 19th century America. 3. Americans with different religions live together under the same law. 4. The religious beliefs of Americans continue to be strong with social progress. 5. In the United States every church is a completely independent organization, and concerned with its own finance and its own building. 6. Continuous immigration.
英语国家社会与文化入门试题
英语国家社会与文化入门试题山西师范大学期末考试试题(卷)2008—2009学年第二学期院系:外国语学院专业:英语考试科目:英语国家社会与文化入门试卷号: A(1) 卷题一二三四五六七八总分分号评数复卷I. In each of the following questions there are four choices. 查人Choose the correct one (25%) 人1. Which is the largest city in Scotland?A. CardiffB. EdinburghC. GlasgowD. Manchester2. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. The Anglo-SaxonsB. The NormansC. The VikingsD. The Romans3. Under the William of Normandy (known as “William t he Conqueror”) the Normans crossed the English Channel in_____,and the Battle of Hastings, defeated an English army under king Harold.A. 1066B. 1707C.1536D. 18014. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland.B. Those who want to unite Northern Ireland with Britain arecalled Unionists.C. The Social Democratic and Labor Party is a very importantpolitical party in Britain.D. Those who show their loyalty to the British Crown are called1 第页共 8 页 Loyalists.5. Which of the following about the Queen is NOT true?A. The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. The Queen symbolizes the tradition and unity of the British院系:_____________ 专业:_______________ 班级:_________ 学号:___________ 姓名:_____________密封线密封线以内不准作任何标记密封线山西师范大学 2008——2009 学年第二学期期末考试试题(卷)7. There are three major parties in the UK: theConservative Party, the Labor Party and the________.A. RepublicanB. Liberal PartyC. Liberal Democratic PartyD. Green Party 8. Which of the following writer did NOT belong toRomanticism?A. KeatsB. ShelleyC. WordsworthD.Defoe9. Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer?A. The Canterbury TalesB. B eowulfC. The TempestD. Morte D’ Arthur10. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16_______.A. can legally receive partly free educationB. can legally receive completely free educationC. can not receive free education at allD. can not receive free education if their parents are rich11. Which of the following schools would admit childrenwithout reference to their academic abilities?A. Comprehensive schoolsB. Secondary schoolsC. Independent schoolsD. Grammar schools 12.In England there is a truly English holiday: BonfireNight ---sometimes called ________; while inScotland, New Year’s Eve called _______ is the major2 第页共 8 页winter celebration.A. Guy Fawkes Night, HogmanayB. Eisteddfod, St Patrick DayC. Easter Day, Boxing DayD. Halloween Day, Ramadan13. The English Parliament originated in the_______---an advisory assembly of the king’s chiefvassals, including the clergy.A. Privy CouncilB. CabinetC. Great CouncilD.Congress14. At present Ireland Parliament has _____memberscalled Teachtai Dala; while Senate has _____memberswho are not directly elected.A. 166, 60B. 435, 100C. 651, 400D. 300, 12015. The Wars of the Roses were fought between thefamily of Lancaster and the family of _______A. TudorB. StuartC. HanoverD.York16. Which of the following is NOT a part of theProtestant value system?A. self-indulgenceB. RationalismC. AsceticismD. Individualism17. In Australia each of the government department isadministered jointly by ____and ____.A. President, and Governor GeneralB. Minister, the Head of Department3 第页共 8 页C. Prime Minister, ChancellorD. Chairman, Magistrate18. The first settlers of New Zealand were_______. In1769, _____visited New Zealand and claimed if forBritain.A. voyagers from East Polynesia, Abel TasmanB. European navigators, James CookC. Christian missionaries, sealers and whalersD. voyagers from East Polynesia, James Cook 19. In 1840, Maori chiefs signed the _____to keep theirownership of the natural resources, and in ______NewZealand became an independent nation when theStature of Westminster (1931) was ratified.A. Treaty of Waitangi, 1994B. Treaty of Maoritanga, 1947C. Treaty of Waitangi, 1947D. Treaty of Auckland, 191520. ______was the first to start the ReligiousReformation and the next important leader of theReformation was _______.A. Martin Luther, John MiltonB. John Calvin, the English King Henry VIIC. Martin Luther King, William PennD. Martin Luther, John Calvin21.Which of the following statements is NOT correct?When the Constitution was written,A. There was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.4 第页共 8 页B. There was no Bill of Rights.C. The Constitution did not have any words guaranteeingthe freedoms or the basic rights and privileges ofcitizens.D. A “Bill of Rights” was added to the Constitution fouryears after the Constitution was made.22. Which of the following is the only branch that canmake federal laws, and levy federal taxes?A. The executive.B. The legislative.C. The Judicial.D. The president.23. Which of the following statements is NOT correctaccording to the author?A. American mainstream culture is based onProtestantism.B. Protestant Church is an established church by law in the US.C. The Catholic Church is the largest single religious group in the US.D. The largest church is of the Protestant faith in the US.24. The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the____ Continental Congress on July 4, _____.A. First, 1774B. First, 1776C. Second, 1774D. Second, 177625. _______ was separated from the Roman CatholicChurch at the Reformation in the 16th Century,spreading over Britain, the USA, Germany and other5 第页共 8 页western countries.A. ChristianityB. ProtestantismC. Orthodox Eastern ChurchD. BuddhismII. For each of the following blanks, write the suitableword or term in the corresponding space on youranswer sheet. (10%)1. One of the oldest of the early “old English” literaryworks is a long poem from Anglo-Saxons times calledBeowulf.th2. With the Norman Conquest in 11 century Britainentered the Middle Age (1066-1485), and the languageof the royal court became French.3. The full name of the United Kingdom is the UnitedKingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 4. The Anglican Church is the established church of theEnglish nation. It is also called church of England. Thetwo terms are almost interchangeable. It is one of themain denominations of Protestantism.5. In USA, one of the measurements for anundergraduate in academic progress is _______or“points”. It is defined as one hour of classroom lecture, or two to three hours of experiments per week for asemester.6. During the First Civil War of the England BourgeoisRevolution, those who stood on the side of the kingwere called Cavaliers, and those who supported theParliament were called Roundhead because of their6 第页共 8 页short haircuts.7. In UK, the party which wins the majority seats inParliament forms the government and its party leaderbecomes PM.8. The White House, the official presidential residence,is located in Washington D.C. The President worksand lives in this building. The president has enormouspower. He can only serve one or two successive termsof 4 year each.9. In our text, the WASP stands for White Anglo-SaxonsProtestant.10. In our text, the GCSE stands for GeneralCertificate of Secondary Education.III. Give a brief answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (25%)1. Give a brief account of the US Presidential powers.2.What is the main difference between the Grammarschools and the Comprehensive Schools?3. What is the difference between the Lost Generation and the Beat Generation?4. What are the Wars of the Roses?5.What are the differences between the Bill of Rights of1689 in UK and the Bill of Rights of 1791 in USA?IV. Explain the following terms. (30%)7 第页共 8 页1. The New Deal2.Wakefield Scheme3. Open University4. Mark Twain5. The Industrial Revolution6. The “Washminster” form polityV. Answer the following questions (10%)How do you understand that “British history has been a history of invasion”. Please illustrate t his point with the examples from the text. And how did each of the invasion influence the English culture?8 第页共 8 页。
英语国家社会与文化入门 英语专业 期末复习题
英语国家社会与文化入门》模拟试题paper 31. Tick the correct answer in each of the following:1. Llywelgn ap Gruffudd is more than a simple historical figure for the W elsh. He is almost considered the legendary hero of Welsh nationalism b ecause英语国家社会与文化入门Test paper 31. Tick the correct answer in each of the following:1. Llywelgn ap Gruffudd is more than a simple historical figure for the W elsh. He is almost considered the legendary hero of Welsh nationalism b ecauseA. he became the first Prince of Wales in 1267.B. he brought the English under his control.C. he led a historic uprising against the English.D. he unified Wales as an independent nation.2. How many counties do you know there are in Northern Ireland?A. 26B. 6C. 32D. 203. Which of the following about the House of Commons in Britain is NO T true?A. Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. MPs receive salaries and some other allowance.C. MPs are expected to represent the interests of the public.D. Most MPs belong to the major political parties.4. Who is the leader of the Labor party in Britain at present?A. John MajorB. Tony BlairC. Harold WilsonD. Margaret Thatc her5. Which company became an important aero-engine manufacturer after WWI?A. BoeingB. Rolls RoyceC. McDonnel-DouglasD. Hawker-Siddel ey Aviation6. British Aerospace was the merger of which two companies?A. the British Aircraft Corporation and Hawker-Siddeley AviationB. the British Aircraft Corporation and Rolls RoyceC. Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and GEC AvionicsD. Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and Rolls Royce7. Which of the following was a Postmodernist writer?A. George OrwellB. Robert L. StevensonC. Jane AustenD. Virg inia Woolf8. Which of the following about hunting is NOT true?A. It had developed into a recreational activity in medieval England.B. Only men participated in the hunting.C. Modern hunters usually chase foxes nowadays.D. It is strongly objected by animal rights groups.9. Of which people is Robert Burn a national poet?A. Welsh peopleB. Irish peopleC. Scottish peopleD. Englis h people10. On which day is Halloween celebrated?A. 5 NovemberB. 31 OctoberC. 17 MarchD. 25 Decem ber11. Which of the following is NOT true about the Eisteddfod?A. The highlight is the crowning of the two bards.B. It is the largest popular festival of music-making and poetry writing i n Europe.C. "Address to a Haggis" is recited.D. Competitions are held to find the best choirs, translators, essayists and poets.12. Which of the following schools would admit children without reference to their academic abilities?A. Comprehensive schools.B. Secondary schools.C. Independent school.D. Grammar schools.13. Which of the following is NOT a true description of the situation of t he ethnic minorities in the UK?A. They are well-represented in the British parliament.B. They are economically poorer than the white population.C. They are treated unfairly by the justice system.D. They are threatened by some racist groups.14. Britain has its nuclear naval force sinceA. it's one of the developed countries in the world.B. it's a traditional sea power.C. it has an advanced industry.D. it's able to produce submarines.15. Which of the following about the tabloids is NOT true?A. They are big format newspaper.B. They are often called "the gutter press".C. They mainly deal in scandals and gossip about famous people.D. They carry stories with color photos and catchy headlines.16. ____ is Australia's largest trading partner.A. ChinaB. ASEAN countriesC. BritainD. Japan17. In which of the following areas Australia and America have disagree ments?A. Trade policies.B. American military presence in the Asian and Pacific region.C. Establishing diplomatic relations with P. R. China.D. Australia's membership in the UN Security Council.18. Diplomatic relations between Australia and China was established inA. the 1950s.B. the 1960s.C. the 1970s.D. the 1980s.19. _____is the largest segment of the Australian economy.A. The primary industry.B. The secondary industry.C. The tertiary industry.D. The food-processing industry.20. The largest manufacturing sector in Australia is _____A. the ship-building industry.B. the Australian aerospace indus try.C. the heavy engineering industry.D. the Australian food-process ing industry.21. The sole parent pension is available toA. all single parents.B. single people caring for children under 16 or recipients of the child disability allowance.C. single parents divorced with children under 16.D. divorced or widowed old women.22. Which of the following is NOT a part of the Australian social security programs?A. Tertiary education assistance.B. Age pensions.C. Pensions for war and defense widows.D. The child disability all owance.23. "No taxation without representation" was the rallying cry of _____A. the settlers of Virginia.B. the people of Pennsylvania.C. the colonists in New England.D. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolutio n.24. The New Deal was started by ______A. Franklin Roosevelt.B. J. F. Kennedy.C. George Washington.D. Thomas Jefferson.25. The latest technology that farmers have adopted is _________.A. artificial fertilizersB. pesticideC. tractorsD. computers26. _____does NOT belong to the "Lost Generation".A. John Dos PassosB. Ernest HemingwayC. F. Scott FitzgeraldD. John Steinbeck27. _____was NOT written by Hemingway.A. Light in AugustB. The Sun Also RisesC. A Farewell to ArmsD. for Whom the Bell Tolls28. Which of the following is NOT a black author?A. Richard WrightB. Alan GinsbergC. James BaldwinD. Ralph Ellison29. The following authors were women writers who wrote novels in the l ate 19th and early 20th century with the exception of _____.A. Emily DickinsonB. Edith WhartonC. Willa CatherD. Kate C hopin30. The following writers represent new American voices except ______ _.A. Toni MorrisonB. Alice WalkerC. T. S. EliotD. Maxine Hon g Kingston31. To get a bachelor's degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following except _.A. attending lectures and complete assignmentsB. passing examinationC. taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyD. earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college32. Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of In dia's leader Gandhi, ______ was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 196 4.A. John F. KennedyB. James FarmerC. Ella BakerD. Martin L uther King, Jr.33. The one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called _____.A. the "Hippies"B. the "Beat Generation"C. the "Me Generation"D. the "Lost Generation"34. In the 1960s, feminism was reborn. Many women were dissatisfied w ith their lives, and in 1963, with the publication of _____by ______, they found a voice.A. The Feminine Mystique, Betty FriedanB. Profile in Courage,Joh n F. KennedyC. The Other America, Michael HarringtonD. Catch in the Rye, J.D. Salinger35. _____made the first desktop PC.A. Bill GatesB. IBMC. Two young amateur inventorsD. Apple Computers36. _______made the first liquid propellant rocket.A. Robert H GoddardB. Na GermanyC. J. Robert OppenheimerD. US military37. ______ invented the telephone.A. Samuel F.B. Morse B. Alexander Graham BellC. Thomas Alva EdisonD. Reginald Fessenden38. The tradition of the vocal ballad which contributed to the blues form was usually accompanied by_____A. a guitar.B. a piano.C. a banjo.D. a trombone and a cymbal39. The Progressive Conservative Party was completely wiped out in the 1933 federal election becauseA. they offended the French-speaking people in Canada.B. they governed the entire country for too many years.C. they had bad management of the economy.D. they were unable to represent the country as a whole.40. "Triple alliance" in Jean-Charles Harvey's novel refer to the following except:A. capitalistsB. politiciansC. churchD. French separatism41. In which period have Canada's most famous and successful writers appeared?A. post-war periodB. period of nation-buildingC. early colonial periodD. pre-European period42. What idea is most powerfully presented in Margaret Laurence's work, making her highly representative of contemporary Canada?A. self-analysisB. women's positionC. cultural differenceD. politic al environment43. Which of the following novels was made into an extremely successfu l film in 1997?A. Lost in the BarrensB. The Two SolitudesC. The Handmaid's TaleD. The English Patient44. On the evidence of the past, Canada used to be so reluctant to get involved in Europeansquabbles that one prime minister even referred to the two world wars a s "the vortex of European militarism". Who made the remarks?A. Prime Minister Lester PearsonB. Prime Minister Wilfred La urierC. Prime Minister Pierre TrudeauD. Prime Minister Brian Mulr oney45. In 1917, the Canadian government introduced conscription, which res ulted in bitterresentment in the French-speaking province. Which of the following is th e correct name?A. British ColumbiaB. Nova ScotiaC. OntarioD. Quebec46. According to the author, Canada entered into its golden age of inter national diplomacy in the 1950s, the period of which was capped by ___ _.A. Canada's role in the Suez Crisis of 1956B. Canada's role in the World Trade OrganizationC. Canada's role in the NATOD. Canada's role in World Health Organization47. Who was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts made to intro duce a UN peacekeeping force into the Suez Canal region during the Cr isis of 1956?A. Brian MulroneyB. Pierre TrudeauC. John HolmsD. Lester P earson48. Whose administration worked especially hard for the international rec ognition of the People's Republic of China?A. Wilfred Laurier's administrationB. Lester Pearson's administratio nC. MacKine King's administrationD. Brian Mulroney's administration49. The Canada-U. S. relations are so close that Prime Minister Louis S t Laurent once said that it was like ______.A. a relationship between two teammates.B. a relationship between two brothers.C. a relationship between two business partners.D. a relationship between two farmers.50. One of the historic reasons that leads Canada to empathing with the problems the Third World countries face on their way to independence i s:A. its colonial pastB. its imperialist pastC. its feudal historyD. its socialist-oriented economy.II. Fill in the blanks:1. The full name of the United Kingdom is _________________________ _________________.2. The island of Great Britain is made up of ________________, ______ _____and__________.3. The United Kingdom has been a member of _____________________ _________since 1973.4. Britain is now a _____________society which produces a population of which 1 in 20 are of ___________________ethnicity.5. London plays a significant role in ________________economic and cul tural life. It's not only the financial ________of the nation, but also one of ___________major international financial centers in _______________ _.6. Britain consists of _____nations, including England, ________, ______ and ______________.7. Britain is a country with a history of invasions. In 43 AD Britain was i nvaded by __________, in the late 8th century they experienced _______ __raids from Scandinavia and in the 11th century they suffered invasions from _____________.8. The Anglo-Saxon began to settle in Britain in _________century.9. The capital of Britain is ________, which has great influence on the UK in all fields including _____________, ____________ and _________ ____.10. Charles the First, king of Britain, was executed, because he attempt ed to ______________ in the English Revolution.11. Name two Scottish cities which have ancient and internationally resp ected universities: __________________ and _______________.12. The battle of Bannockburn led by Robert the Bruce succeeded in wi nning the full independence of ______________.13. Both the Scottish and Welsh people elect their members of parliame nts to the London Parliament and each holds ____________and ______ _____ seats respectively.14. The capital of Scotland is ____________, which is well-known for its natural ___________.15. Although Wales is the smallest of the three nations on the ________ __ mainland, it's good at getting _________ from abroad, particularly Jap an and __________________.16. To pursue Irish independence, the most spectacular event in the Irish history was _________ of 1916, in which the rebels occupied Dublin's _______________ and forced the British to take it back by ___________ _.17. ____________, the ancestor of the present Queen, Elizabeth II, united England under his rule in 829.18.The UK is divided into ______constituencies with each of them repres ented by a member in _________________.19. The UK economy can be divided into three main sectors: _________ ___industries, secondary industries and _____________industries.20. One of the oldest of the early "old English" literary works is called _ ___________________.21. ___________is a rough, fast game which was invented in Britain whi le ___________is a more gentle sport which owes its origin to the Chur ch.22. Christmas commemorates ________________________, while ______ _____commemorates the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ.23. The two oldest universities in Britain are __________________ and ___________________.24. Like the housing system in the US and the wealthy English-speaking commonwealth, the UK has a very high proportion of _______________ __, which means that the people own the house they live in.25. When the Second World War was over, Britain was active in ______ ______the United Nations and became one of the _____permanent mem bers of __________________________.26. Britain has one of the world's oldest established ____________indust ries. The Observer, which appeared in 1791, is the world's oldest _____ ______newspaper, while The Times, which began publishing in 1785, is Britain's oldest ______________newspaper.27. Australia, as the world's _________continent and _________island, h as a population which is _____________ in relation to its size.28. The smallest state is________________, an ___________in the sout hern corner of Australia. It is also the ___________island in Australia.29. Nearly 50 years ago, the Australian economy depended heavily on _ ________________. Today, the Australian economy is more __________________and _____________________. __________________________ g enerates two-thirds of its production.30. ________________________is the Australian media's leading sourcef overseas news.31. Seasons in New Zealand are opposite to the ___________________ ______, with the highest temperature in __________and __________, an d the lowest temperature in ______________.32. New Zealand's major exports are meat,________________, wood,___ _____, _____and fruit.33. In 1782, the Frenchman who settled in Pennsylvania first asked the question "what is an American" in his book _______________________.34. After the War of Independence was won, the national government w as called ___________, and the agreement that guided the government was _________________________________.35. The first Secretary of Treasury of the United States was __________ __________________.36. "WASP" stands for __________________________________________ __________.37. _______________________ and _______________________are the t wo major American writers of the post-Revolutionary period.38. About ______percent of American students go to __________schools and _________percent attend private schools.39. On February 1, 1960, 4 black students from a black college in ____ ______________, North Carolina, began their protest against the racial s egregation laws by such tactics as _________, thus beginning the civil ri ghts movement.40. American society is a stratified one in which _____________, _____ ________ and _______ are unequally distributed among the population.41. The invention of the __________________by ____________________ made it possible to obtain higher profits from agriculture. US agriculture was moving away from subsistence farming towards a food marketing e nterprise.42. The Grand Canyon is carved away for nearly 6 million years by the waters of the _________ River.43. The two conferences for American football are AFC, which stands fo r __________________ and NFC, which stands for __________________ ______.44. Jazz music, as a musical form, was initially performed and appreciat ed by ______________.45. In area, Canada is the __________________country on earth.46. Canada preferred to establish a nation based on ____________, ___ _______and ________.47. Many people use the notion that American society is a ___________ _______ while Canada is described as a __________________________.48. Industry in Canada can be divided into three main groups: natural re sources (_____________________);manufacturing (_________________); and service (_________) industries. In 1990, the primary sector, includin g ____________, ____________, forestry and ________________account ed for 10 percent of Canada's Gross Domestic Product. Secondary indus tries, including manufacturing, ______________, transport and _________ __________, made up 36 percent of GDP; and the _____________secto r of trade, ____________________, service and public administration, ac counted for nearly 54 percent of GDP.49. In Canadian literature Margaret Atwood sees a very common concer n with the idea of ___________, and she says that this idea represents the central symbol of Canadian literature.50. According to the author, it was Canada that "invented" the concept of _____________ and convinced the world to put pressure on South Afri ca's __________________policies.。
英语国家社会与文化入门上册第三版
判断题第一单元1、Britain is no longer an imperial（帝国）country(T)2、The Commonwealth（英联邦）of Nations includes all European countries(F)3、1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity（种族）(F)4、The stereotype（刻板印象）of the English gentleman never applied to the majority of the British people(T)5、When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes(T)6、The Scots and Welsh（苏格兰和威尔士）have a strong sense of being British(F)7、Scotland（苏格兰）was never conquered by the Romans（罗马人）(T)8、Most people in Scotland speak the Celtic（凯尔特）language, called “Gaelic”(F)9、Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means(T)10、Wales（威尔士）is rich in coal（煤炭）deposits（存款）(T)11、Cardiff（卡迪夫）, the capital of Wales, is a large city(F)12、The title of Prince（王子）of Wales is held by a held by a Welsh according to tradition(F) 第二单元1、Ireland is part of Great Britain(F)2、“Ulster（阿尔斯特）”, referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom（王国）(T)3、The capital of Belfast（贝尔法斯特）is a large city with half a million people(F)4、Northern Ireland is significant（重要的）because of its manufacturing（制造业）industry(F)5、The majority of Irish people were descendants（后代）of the original Celtic（凯尔特）people who inhabited British Isles（群岛）before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago(T)6、Most British people are Protestants（新教徒）while most Irish people are Catholics（天主教徒）(T)7、The British government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland(T)8、Sinn Fein（新芬党）is a legal political party in Northern Ireland(T)9、The Anglo-Irish（岗格鲁-爱尔兰）Agreement of 1985 guaranteed the loyalist（政府军）Protestant community（社区）their to decide their future in Northern Ireland(T)10、The Good Friday Agreement（协议）was approved on 10 April 1998(T)11、Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions（司法管辖区）: thatf Republic （共和国）of Ireland that of Great Britain(F)第三单元1、It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy（民主）in the world(F)2、In Britain, the process of state-building（国家建设）has been one of evolution rather than revolution, contrast to France and the US（与法国和美国相比）(T)3、The oldest institution（机构）of government in Britain is the Monarchy（君主政体）(T)4、The divine（神圣的）right of the king means the sovereign（主权）derived（派生的）his authority（权威）from his subjects（主题）(F)5、As the king in theory had God on his side, it was thought that he should exercise absolute（绝对）power(F)6、The term “parliament（议会）”was first officially used in 1066 to describe the gathering of feudal barons（封建贵族）and representatives from counties and towns(F)7、Britain is both a parliamentary democracy（议会民主制）and a constitutional monarchy（君主立宪制）(T)8、Britain, like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which most countries have(F)9、Common laws are laws which have been established（建立）through common practice（实践）in the courts（法院）(T)第四单元1、In the UK, a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances（情况下）(T)2、Anyone who is eligible（符合条件的）to vote with 500 pounds as deposit（存款）can stand as an MP（国会议员）(F)3、Each main party is given some time on national TV to “sell”their policies. The time is not given free and has to be paid by the party(T)4、The amount spent in national campaign（运动）is not limited other than that on TV(F)5、Secrecy（保密）is not an important part of the voting process(T)6、There are two major national parties in the U.K. according to the text(F)7、Liberal Democratic（自由民主）party is the newest of the major national parties(F)8、Children from the upper-middle-class（中上层阶级）usually have a better education than those from the working or middle-class(T)9、The majority of middle-class people today have working class parents or grandparents(T)10、One of the distinctive features（独特的特征）about the British class-system is that it has also retained（保留）a hereditary aristocracy（世袭的贵族）(T)11、The majority of Britain’s recent immigrants have mainly come from North Asia（北亚）and Caribbean（加勒比）countries(F)12、Most immigrants earn a living by opening restaurants or becoming musicians(F)13、The majority have problems of unemployment published its Household Energy Management Strategy（家庭能源管理策略）(T)14、On March 2, 2010, the British government publish its Household Energy Management Strategy(T)15、On December 27, 2009 the TN Climate（气候）Change Conference was held in Copenhagen(T)16、According to the Kyoto Protocol（京都议定书）, the government has agreed that the UK will meet tough targets（艰难的目标）to reduce carbon emissions incrementally（增量）between now and 2020(F)第五单元1、By the 1880’s the British economy was dominant（主导）in the world(T)2、Both the US and Canada overtook Britain in economy by 1900(F)3、By the end of World War II, Britain had gone heavily into debt（债务）in order to develop its manufacturing industry and borrowed large amounts from the US and France(F)4、Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies（殖民地）, especially India, which gained its independence in 1947(T)5、In the 1970s, with the soaring（飙升的）price of oil and high rates of inflation（通货膨胀）, Britain went through a bad period. In 1979, the Labour party had to step down（下台）from the government (T)6、The leader of the Conservatives（保守派）, Margaret Thatcher（玛格丽特-撒切尔）starteda series of reforms. An extensive（广泛的）programme of privatization（私有的）was carriedout, and she was successful in an all-round（全面的）way (F)7、Tertiary（三级）industries include banking, insurance（保险）, tourism（旅游）, agriculture and the selling of goods (F)8、Britain has a large sector（部门）of agriculture producing 11.6% of its national wealth (F)9、According to the text, the tertiary（三级）industry produces approximately（大约）two-thirds of the national wealth (T)10、The service industry in the UK employs 70% of the total work force (T)11、As a member of the World Trade Organization, the UK is playing a very important role in the world trade (T)12、The UK is the third biggest international investor（投资者）in the world (F)第六单元1、Much early British literature was concerned with Christianity（基督教）, and Anglo-Saxons （盎格鲁-撒克逊人）produced many versions（版本）of the Bible（圣经）(T)2、Beowulf（贝奥武夫）was a sea monster（海怪）killed by a Swedish warrior（瑞典战士）(F)3、“The Wife of Bath（浴的妻子）”is one of the tales（故事）contained in The Canterbury Tales （坎特伯雷故事集）(T)4、There was a general flowering of culture and intellectual（知识）life in Europe during the 17th and 18th century which is known as “The Renaissance（文艺复兴时期）”(F)5、William Shakespeare（威廉·莎士比亚）is a great poet and much is known of his life (F)6、Keats, Shelley and Byron（济慈、雪莱和拜伦）brought the Romantic Movement（浪漫主义运动）to its height (T)7、Robinson Crusoe（鲁宾逊漂流记）tells the story of a shipwreck and solitary survival（海难和孤独的生存）(T)8、Writers of romantic literature（浪漫主义文化）are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason (T)9、Don Juan（唐璜）is an epic poem（史诗）composed by John Milton（约翰·弥尔顿）(F)10、Thomas Hardy（托马斯·哈代）, the author of Tess of the D’Urbervilles（德伯家的苔丝）, was also a first-class（一流的）poet (T)第七单元1、The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy（读写能力）and the other basic skills but also to socialize（社交）children (T)2、The state seldom interferes（干扰）with the decision of when, where, how and what children are taught (F)3、The enduring feature（持久特征）of British education is the continuing debate over what should be taught in schools (F)4、The 1944 Education Act made entry to secondary schools（中学）and universities “meritocratic（精英）”(T)5、Public schools are part of the national education system and funded by the government (F)6、British universities are public bodies which receive funds from central government (T)7、All secondary schools in Britain are run and supervised（监督）by the government (T)8、In Oxford and Cambridge the BA converts to an MA several years later, upon payment of a fee (T)9、Independent schools get money mainly through the private sector（部门）and tuition（学费）rates, with some government support (T)10、Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education(F)第八单元1、When the Second World War ended, Britain no longer was the largest military（军事）power in Western Europe (F)2、The UK was awarded（授予）a seat on the UN（联合国）Security Council（安理会）in recognition（识别）of its contribution in setting up the United Nations (F)3、According to the text, the most important single factor which influences British policy-maker is its history (T)4、The Prime Minister and Cabinet（内阁）decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy (T)5、The main government department involved is the Foreign and Commonwealth Office（外交和联邦事务部）(FCO) (T)6、Britain is a parliamentary monarch（议会君主）(F)7、There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth（英联邦）(F)8、The British host a large American Military（军事）presence and there are 63 American military bases in the UK (T)9、Britain is not a member of the NATO（北约）due to its disagreement with some European countries on defence policy (F)第九单元1、On an average day, an overwhelming（压倒性的）majority of Britons over the age of 15 red a nation or local paper（报纸）(T)2、The British media play an important role in shaping（塑造）a national culture (T)3、In the late seventeenth and early 18th century, as the British economy began to industrialise, and as literacy levels rose through the introduction of mass education, more and newspapers began to appear (F)4、Free press has the function of keeping an eye on the government, and therefore it is called the watchdog（监管机构）of parliamentary democracy（议会民主制）(T)5、The Advertising Code（广告代码）ensures that advertisements are legal, decent（体面地）, honest and truthful; have a sense of responsibility for consumer and society; and respect the principles of fair competition（竞争）(T)6、It is incorrect to say that class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read (F)7、The Telegraph readers, for example, will be soft on crime（犯罪）, be quite feminist（女权主义）and interested in green politics (F)8、The tabloids（小报）are smaller format（格式）newspapers with colour photos and catchy headlines（吸引人的标题）. They are often called “the gutter press（黄色小报）”(T)9、The British Broadcasting Corporation is funded by licence（许可证）fees and viewers must buya licence each year for their TV set (T)10、The BBC（英国广播公司）World Service, the international branch of the BBC, broadcasts in English and 42 other languages throughout the world (T)第十单元1、The tradition of having Sunday off derived from（来自）the Christian Church（基督教堂）(T)2、The origin of Bowling（打保龄球）lies in the victory celebration ceremony（仪式）by the ancient warriors (T)3、Tennis（网球）is usually regarded as a winter and spring sport (F)4、The game of golf was invented by the Scottish（苏格兰）(T)5、The animal-lovers’groups would like to have horse racing banned（禁止）(T)6、Easter（复活节）is the biggest and best loved British holiday (F)7、Christmas Pantomime（哑剧）is one of the three Christmas traditions that are particularly British (T)8、It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing (F)9、The biggest Bonfire Night（篝火之夜）celebration is held in London (F)10、In Ireland, New Year’Eve called Hogma除夕）(December 31st) is the major winter celebration (T)选择题第一单元1、which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London? (D/The sports centre)2、Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristics of Britain? (B/Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales（威尔士）)3、Which of the following is NOT True about Britain? (D/It used to be one of the superpowers in the world)4、Three of the following are characteristics of London. Which of the four is the EXCEPTION? (C/London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world)5、The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by (D/William the Conqueror)6、Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? (A/The Anglo-Saxons（盎格鲁-撒克逊人）)7、Which is the largest city in Scotland? (C/Glasgow（格拉斯哥）)8、Why did the Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish（奇异的苏格兰）state in the century? (A/They needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids（维京人袭击）)9、Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? (B/In the Lowlands（低地）)10、Which of the following statements is NOT true? (B/Wales was occupied by the Anglo-Saxons （盎格鲁-撒克逊人）)11、Which of the following parties in Scotland still wants an independent Scotland? (C/The Scottish Nationalist（民族主义）Party)12、When did Scotland join the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments（议会）?(D/In 1701)13、Llywelyn ap Gruffudd is not a simple historical figure for the Welsh. He is almost considered the legendary（传奇）hero of Welsh nationalism because (D/he unified Wales as an independent nation)第二单元1、In the 17th century the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because (A/they wanted to increase its control over Ireland)2、In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland street. They came first (B/to protect Catholics（天主教徒）)3、Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for (D/its endless political problems)4、Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise（妥协）and organized a partition of Ireland in 1921, because (B/the British government intended to satisfy both sides-Catholics（天主教）and Protestants（新教）)5、Which of the following statements is NOT true? (C/The Social Democratic（社会民主党）and Labour Party（劳动党）is a very important political party in Britain)6、In the early 1970s, the IRA（爱尔兰共和军）(D/carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security force as their main target)7、1972 was the worst year of the political troubles in Northern Ireland, because (B/468 people were killed in Northern Ireland)8、Why did the British government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with “direct-rule （直接统治）”from London? (D/All the above)9、Which of the following statements is NOT true? (C/Margaret Thatcher（玛格丽特-撒切尔）’s government gave in to their political demand)10、How many counties are there in Northern Ireland? (B/6)11、Which of the following agreement is accepted by both Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland? (C/The Good Friday Agreement)12、According to the Good Friday Agreement, Northern Ireland today should be governed by the following jurisdictions（司法管辖区）except (B/the jurisdiction of loyalist minist(部长))第三单元1、Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government? (A/It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power)2、Which of the following kings was executed(执行）in the civil war? (C/Charles（查尔斯）1)3、What happened in 1215? (B/Forced by barons（贵族）, King John signed the Magna Carta（大宪章）)4、Which of the following is NOT true about the Great Council? (C/It later developed into what we now know as the Cabinet（内阁）)5、Under whose reign（统治）was the Bill of Rights passed? (B/William of Orange)6、Which of the following is NOT related to the Constitution? (A/It is a written document which lists out the basic principles for government)7、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? (D/Parliament（议会）has no power to change the terms of the Constitution)8、Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s role? (A/The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet（内阁）)9、Which of the following is NOT a feature of the House of Lords（上议院）? (C/The lords（领主）are expected to represent the interests of the public)10、Which of the following is NOT based on the fact? (A/Members of Parliament（议会）elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet)第四单元1、Which group of people cannot vote in the general election? (B/Lords（领主）in the House of Lords)2、By whom is a “vote of no confidence”decided? (A/The House of Commons)3、Which of the following is NOT true about the electoral campaigns（选举活动）? (A/Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies on the television)4、How many seats in the House of Commons should a part hold at least in order to win the election? (B/326)5、Which of the following description about the Conservative（保守的）party is NOT true? (D/It is known as a party of high taxation（税收) levels)6、Which period of time in British history was described as “private affluence and public squalor(肮脏）”? (C/The 1980s)7、Who is the leader of the Labour party at present? (C/Gordon Brown)8、Which of the following is NOT true abort life peers（同行）? (B/They cannot sit in the House of Lords)9、Which of the following statements is NOT true about class system in the UK? (B/Class division is only decided by people’s income)10、Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the hereditary aristocracy（世袭贵族）in the UK? (C/They are the richest people in the UK)11、Which of the following is NOT an effect of immigration on British society? (B/Class tension has increased)12、Which of the following is Not a true description of the situation of ethnic minorities（少数民族）in the UK? (A/They are well represented in the British Parliament（议会）)13、Which of the following is NOT included in Household Energy Management Strategy（能量管理策略）? (C/Every household will have produced their electricity from renewable（可再生）energy resources)第五单元1、Which of the following statements is NOT true about the UK economy? (C/There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards)2、Which of the following was NOT the reason for the relative economic decline since 1945? (C/Britain had carried out the nationalization of the businesses)3、Which of the following livestock（牲畜）has the biggest number in the UK? (D/Sheep)4、Where is the best agricultural land in Britain? (A/In the southeast of England)5、Which of the following is NOT a company in the energy sector（部门）? (B/ICI)6、Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK? (C/Rover（探测器）)7、In the aerospace（航空航天）industry, which of the following, countries is ahead of Britain? (B/The U.S.)8、Which civil airline was started in 1924 after the First World War? (A/Imperial Airways（帝国航空公司）)9、What did Frank Whittle（弗兰克·惠特尔）do in 1937? (B/He developed the first jet（飞机）engine)10、Which company became an important aero-engine（航空发动机）manufacturer after WWI? (B/Rolls Royce（劳斯莱斯）)11、Which of the following two companies merged into British Aerospace（航空航天）? (A/The British Aircraft Corporation and Hawker-Siddeley Aviation)12、Which of the following countries is the last to come out of recession（大萧条）? (C/Britain)第六单元1、Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer（杰弗里·乔叟）? (A/The Canterbury Tales（坎特伯雷故事集）)2、Which literary form flourished（蓬勃发展）in Elizabethan age（伊丽莎白时代）more than any other form of literature? (C/Drama)3、Among the following writers, who was NOT one of the great 三人组）（? (C/Thomas Malory)4、Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism（浪漫主义）? (D/Defoe（笛福）)5、Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare? (B/Macbeth（麦克白）)6、Which of the following writers was the most famous Scottish novelist? (D/Sir Walter Scott（沃尔特·斯科特爵士）)7、Several gifted women played a significant part in the 19th-century literature. Which of the following is an exception? (A/Virginia Woolf（弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫）)8、Which of the following writers was NOT associated with Modernism（现代主义）? (C/Charles Dickens（查尔斯·狄更斯）)9、Which of the following is generally considered to be the masterpiece（杰作）by Joseph Conrad （约瑟夫·康拉德）? (B/The Heart of Darkness（黑暗的心）)10、Which of the following writers wrote the book 1984 that began “Postmodernism（后现代主义）”in British literature? (A/George Orwell（乔治·奥威尔）)第七单元1、In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to (C/state schools)2、In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 (B/can legally receive completely free education)3、If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called (B/General Certificate of Secondary Education)4、Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? (D/The University of Buckingham)5、Which of the following is NOT true? (D/Parents send their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to public schools)6、Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University? (C/No university degree is awarded)7、In the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to (A/grammar schools)8、Which of the following is NOT included in the National Curriculum（课程）? (B/Children must sit in A-level exams)9、Which of the following is NOT true about the British education system? (D/It’s dominated by the state)10、Which of the following schools would admit children without reference to their academic abilities? (A/comprehensive（全面的）schools)第八单元1、The author holds that Britain has a big influence on the postwar international order because (B/It had a strong military（军事）power and prestige（声望）)2、Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council? (C/China, Russia, France, Britain and the United States)3、How much of the globe did Britain rule in its imperial prime（帝国主义）? (C/A third of the globe)4、The present British foreign policy is mainly influenced by some of the following factors. Which one is an exception? (D/Its schizophrenic（精神分裂症）attitude to Europe)5、Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreign policy? (A/The Queen of Britain)6、Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation in (C/the United Nations, the EU, NATO（北约）, etc)7、Which of the following statements is not true? (B/63 American military（军事）bases are under the command of Britain)8、Which of the following countries does not have nuclear weapons capabilities? (C/Italy)9、Three of the following factors have contributed to Britain’s special relationship with the United States to a certain degree. Which is the exception? (B/They have common interests in every respect)10、Why does Britain have its nuclear naval force? (B/Because it’s a traditional sea power)第九单元1、Which of the following is the world’s oldest national newspaper? (C/The Observer（观察者）)2、Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper? (D/The Times)3、Which of the following statements is not true about the British media? (B/They are mainly interested in making huge profits by publishing advertisements)4、A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary（议会）democracy（民主）because (A/ it plays a watchdog function（监督功能）, keeping an eye on the government )5、In Britain most advertising is carried (A/ in newspapers)6,、Which of the following about the BBC（英国广播公司）is NOT true? (C/The BBC has four channels)7、How many newspapers are there in Britain? (B/About 1400)8、Which of the following newspapers is printed internationally? (C/The Financial Times)9、Which of the following newspapers is a tabloid（小报）? (A/The News of the World)10、Which of the following about the tabloids is not true? (A/They are bormat（格式）newspapers)第十单元1、Which of the following was NOT an activity in Shakespeare’s time? (D/Attending the Grand National)2、Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain? (C/Basketball)3、Which of the following is NOT true about football in Britain? (C/It was invented by the Scottish people)4、Where are international tennis championships held? (B/Wimbledon（温布尔登网球公开赛）)5、Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? (D/Horse racing)6、Which one of the following is NOT particularly British Christmas tradition? (C/eating chocolate eggs on Easter（复活节）Day)7、Easter commemorates（为了纪念）(D/ the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ（耶稣基督的受难和复活）)8、Which community observes the traditional Ramadan（斋月）? (D/Muslim（穆斯林）)9、Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen’s birthday? (C/Trooping（阅兵仪式）the Colour)10、Which of the following commemorates（为了纪念）the Battle of Boyne（博因河战役）? (D/The Orange March in Northern Ireland)11、Of which people is Robert Burns（罗伯特·彭斯）a national poet? (C/The Scottish people)12、On which day is Halloween（万圣节）celebrated? (A/October 31st)。
英语国家社会与文化入门第二版课后练习题含答案
英语国家社会与文化入门第二版课后练习题含答案一、选择题1.Which of the following countries is not a member of theUnited Kingdom? A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Ireland答案：D2.What is the capital city of Canada? A. Ottawa B. Toronto C.Vancouver D. Montreal答案：A3.Which one of the following is the largest metropolitanregion in the United States? A. New York Metropolitan Area B. Los Angeles Metropolitan Area C. Chicago Metropolitan Area D. Houston Metropolitan Area答案：A4.Which of the following is not a religion in India? A.Hinduism B. Islam C. Buddhism D. Christianity答案：D5.Which of the following is true about Australian culture? A.Australians have a ld-back and informal culture. B. Australians are generally reserved and formal in their interactions. C.Australians appreciate direct and confrontational communication. D.Australians value strict adherence to rules and regulations.答案：A二、填空题1.The official language of the United States is ___________.答案：English2.The dominant religion in Saudi Arabia is ___________. 答案：Islam3.The language spoken in Brazil is ___________. 答案：Portuguese4.The largest city in New Zealand is ___________. 答案：Auckland5.The currency used in Japan is the ___________. 答案：yen三、简答题1.Briefly describe the political system of the United Kingdom.答案：The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. The monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, serves as the ceremonial head of state, while real power is held by the elected government led by the Prime Minister. The government is responsible to the elected House of Commons and is checked by the unelected House of Lords. The UK also has devolved governments with varying levels of power in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.2.What are some key elements of Australian culture?答案：Australian culture values a ld-back and egalitarian approachto life. Australians are known for their love of sports, especially cricket and rugby. The country has a strong coffee culture, and socializing over a cup of coffee is a common activity. Australians alsovalue the outdoors and the natural environment, as well as a strong sense of community and helping others in need. Indigenous Australian culture is also important and respected, with efforts being made to preserve and celebrate it.3.What are some challenges facing India as a developingcountry?答案：India faces a number of challenges as a developing country, including poverty, population growth, and environmental degradation. The country has a large population, and providing basic necessities such as food, water, and healthcare to everyone is a major challenge. There is also significant inequality, with a small percentage of the population controlling much of the country’s wealth. India is also rapidly industrializing, which is putting pressure on its natural resources and contributing to pollution and climate change. Finally, the country faces ongoing conflicts with neighboring countries and internal political and social tensions.。
英语国家社会与文化入门
1.LondonLondon is the largest city located in the south of the country .It is dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways.It is the cultural and business center and the headquarters of the vast majority of Britain's big companies.It is not only the financial center of the nation,but also one of the three major international financial centers in the world.2.The Easter RisingIn order to gain independence,different Irish groups had been fighting against the British institutions and the British military forces.One such activity was the Easter Rising which took place in 1916.The rebels occupied Dublin's Post Office and forced the British to take it back by military force.The leaders of the rebellion were executed by the British authorities.3.The House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where abouts 650 elected representatives(Members of Parliament)make and debate policy .These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.4.The Bronte sistersPerhaps the most famous literary family in British history are the Bronte sisters,who were influenced by the Romantic Movement.Charlotte,Emily and Ann were daughters of the vicar of a village church in Y orkshire.Although they were poor,they were educated and respectable.In their short lives,they didn't produce much,buttheir works are among the best-loved novels in English:Charlotte Bronte's<Jane Eyre>and Emily's <Wuthering Heights>5Grammar schoolsIt is a type of secondary schools in Britain.Grammar schools select children at age 11,through an examination called "the 11-plus".Those children with the highest marks go to grammar schools.These schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and except many of their pupils to go on to universities.6.three ChristmasThere are three Christmas traditions which are particularly British:one is the Chritmas Pantomime,a comical musical play.The main male character is played by a young woman while The main female character,often an ugly woman called “the Dame”,is played by a man.Another British Christmas tradition is hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the television and radio.A third British tradition is Boxing Day,which falls on the day after Christmas.Traditionally,it was on Boxing Day,that people gave Christmas gifts or mony to their staff of servants.Now that most British people do not have servants,this custom is no longer observed.However,a new Boxing Day custom has emerged,in the cities: shopping. Shops open up to sell off all their Christmas stock decorations,food,cards and gift items at low prices.7.PuritanismPuritans were those who followed the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purity the Church of England .They believe that human beings were predestined by God before they were born .Some were God's chosen people while others were damned to hell.No Church nor godd works could save people.The sign of being God's elect was the success in hia work or the prosperity in hia calling.They also argued that everyone must read the Bible in order to find God'swill and establish a direct contact with God .These beliefs had great impact on American culture.8.The Bill of Rightsconsists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791.The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech,the right to assemble in public place,the right to own weapons and so on.9.TranscendentalistsIn his book Nature,Emerson claimed that by studying and responding to nature ,individuals could reach a higher spiritual state without formal religion,A circle of intellectuals who were discontented with the New England establishment gathered around Emerson.They accepted Emerson's theories about spiritual transcendence,They are known as Transcendentalists.10.Higher educationIn America,higher education refers to education on the college level.American higher education includes four categories of institutions.They are the university,the four-year undergraduate institution (the college)the technical training institution and the two-year or community college.Some are supported by public funds and some by private funds.Many universities and colleges have won reputations for providing their students with a higher quality of education.The great majority are generally regarded as quite satisfactory.5.Elizabethan drama(意义，伊丽莎白戏剧)The general flowering of cultural and intellectual life in Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries is known as the renaissance.in British culture ,one of the most successful and long-lasting expressions of this development lay in drama.that was the period of Queen Elizabeth (1558—1603). The first professional theatre in London opened in1576,and others followed,performing the plays of many notable playwrights, including Christopher Marlowe ,Ben Jonson and William Shakespeare .1.why is Northern Ireland,according to the author,so significant in the United Kingdom?What is the political problem there?because of the political troubles there.It has been divided by a long and bloody conflict as the result of Ireland's colonial history.Though the Great Britain have politically integrated Ireland since 1801.Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost.In the late 19th century,the key issue ---"The Home Rule Bill"was overtaken by the First World War.There were groups who followed a more direct method of pursuing Irish independence,engaging in terrorist activities,such as the Easter Rising .People in Ireland have different religion,while most Irish people remained Catholics,most British people are protestants.There were conflicts between two nations.The American Civil Rights Movement provided a model for some people in Northern Ireland .Groups of Prostants began to organize demonstrations ,and rioting broke out .Also,they formed their own illegal "paramilitary" groups and took revenge on Catholics ,often murdering individuals at random.2.What is the Open University in Britain?What do you think of this system?The Open University was founded in Britain in the 1960's for people who might not get the opportunity for higher education for economic and social reasons.It's open to everybody and does not demand the same formal educational qualification as the other universities.University courses are followed through TV,radio,correspondence,videos and a net work of study centers.At the end of their studies at the The Open University,successful students areawarded a university degree.3..What were some of the causes of the American Revolution?Explain the Declaration of Independence?By the early 1760s,the 13 English colonies in North America had developed a similar American pattern in politics,economy and cultural life and enjoyed the same frontier environment.The English people and Europeans had become Americans and they were ready to separate themselves from the Old World.In addition,’”No taxation without represantion”,many new taxes imposed on North American colonies by the British Parliament.In 1773,a group of patriots responded to the tea tax by staging the “Boston Tea Party”.In September1774,the First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia.On April19,1775,the first shot was fired when 700 British soldiers went to capture a colonial arms depot in a small town of Concord near Boston.The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Congress on July 4,1776,when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule.The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life ,libertyand the pursuit of happiness.It also explained the philosophy of government:the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments were to secure the rights mentioned above.The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.What are the two political parties in the United States? Do you think they are fundamentally different?the United States has two major political parties. One is the Democratic Party, which evolved out of Thomas Jefferson's party, formed before 1800. The symbol of the party is the donkey. The other is the Republican Party, which was formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West, such as Abraham Lincoln, who wanted the government to prevent the expansion of slavery into new states then being admitted to the union. The symbol of the Republican Party is the elephantunit7 LITERA TURE THEMEThe American people has indeed been a drama of many parts.In one way or another,howver,it has always been a “pursuit of happiness”.American literature is the continuous narrative of that pursuit What are the major characteristics of education in America?(1)Different education laws for different states.(2)Several levels of schooling：Elementary Schooling，Secondary Schooling and High Schooling.(3)curricula for students: there is no national curriculum in the United States.(3)Compulsory education for all students.(4)Equal education opportunities for minority groups.(5)Strong demand for higher education.(6)The complex system of higher education.Some states play a strong role in the selection of learning material for their students.Schools were asked not only to teach this new information, but to help students ask their own questions about it. The “inquiry” method of learning , focusing on solving problems rather than memorizing facts, became popular.4 .British constitutionBritish has no written constitution. The foundations of the British state are laid out in statute law,which are laws passed by parliament;the common laws, which are laws established through common practice in the courts ;and conventions.。
《英语国家社会与文化入门》模拟试题1
《英语国家社会与文化入门》模拟试题1-1. Which is the largest city in Scotland?A. CardiffB. EdinburghC. GlasgowD. Manchester英语国家社会与文化入门Test paper 11. Which is the largest city in Scotland?A. CardiffB. EdinburghC. GlasgowD. Manchester2. Why did the Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish state in the ninth century?A. They needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids.B. They felt it necessary to develop their own industry.C. They were threatened by the Anglo-Saxons' invasion.D. They had to do it in order to resist the English.3. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live?A. in the HighlandsB. in the LowlandsC. in the UplandsD. in the west of Scotland4. Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise and organized a partition of Ireland, becauseA. the British government wouldn't be able to control Ireland any longer by force.B. the British government intended to satisfy both sides ----- Catholics as well as Protestants.C. Catholics in Ireland demanded a partition of Ireland.D. Protestants welcomed the idea of partition.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Sinn Fein is the legal political Party in Northern Ireland.B. Those who want to unite Northern Ireland with Britain are called Unionists.C. Social Democratic and Labor Party is a very important political Party in Britain.D. Those who show their loyalty to the British Crown are called Loyalists.6. In the early 1970s, the IRAA. killed many Protestants and Catholics.B. burned down the houses of Catholics.C. murdered individuals at random.D. carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces as their main target.7. Which of the following is NOT true about the Great Council?A. They included barons and representatives from countries and towns.B. They were sometimes summoned by the kings to contribute money.C. They later developed into what we now know as the Cabinet.D. They represented the aristocrats as well as the communities.8. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?A. James IIB. William of OrangeC. Oliver CromwellD. George I9. Which of the following is NOT true about the Constitution?A. It is a document which lists out the basic principles for government.B. It is the foundation of British government today.C. Conventions and Laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution.D. The common laws are part of the Constitution.10. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win the election?A. 651B. 326C. 626D. 35111. Which of the following party adopts a "fatherly" sense of obligation to the poorer people in the society?A. the Conservative partyB. the Liberal DemocratsC. the Party of WalesD. the Labor party12. Which of the following description about the Conservative party is NOT true?A. It has been in power for an unusually long period of time.B. It prefers policies that protect individual's rights.C. It receives a lot of the funding from big companies.D. It is known as a party of high taxation levels.13. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain?A. in the southeast of EnglandB. in the northeast of EnglandC. in the southeast of ScotlandD. in the northeast of Scotland14. Which of the following is NOT a company in the energy sector?A. ShellB. ICIC. RTZD. British Gas15. Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK?A. FordB. PeugeotC. RoverD. BMW16. Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism?A. KeatsB. ShelleyC. WordsworthD.E. M. Foster17. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare?A. Dr. FaustusB. HamletC. FrankensteinD. Sense and Sensibility18. Which of the following was the most famous Scottish novelist?A. D. H. LawrenceB. Charles DickensC. Robert L. StevensonD. Walter Scott19. Where is the international tennis championships held?A. WembleyB. WimbledonC. St AndrewsD. Clapham20. Which of the following was the first team sport to have organized rules?A. footballB. cricketC. horse racingD. tennis21. Which of the following is NOT true about cricket in Britain?A. It is now still a snobbish game played by aristocratic people.B. Its rules are rather obscure.C. The matches last for a few days.D. The players appear to be quite formally dressed.22. Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen's birthday?A. bonfiresB. the Orange MarchC. Trooping the ColorD. masquerades23. Which of the following is true about the Guy Fawkes Night?A. It is celebrated by Scottish people in November.B. It is celebrated by English people in November.C. It is celebrated by Scottish people in August.D. It is celebrated by English people in August.24. Which of the following is true about the Gunpowder Plot?A. It was planned to kill the Protestant king and replace him with a Catholic king.B. It was planned to kill the Catholic king and replace him with a Protestant king.C. It was planned to kill King Billy and replace him with King James II.D. It was planned to kill King James II and replace him with King Billy.25. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain?A. The University of Cambridge.B. The University of Oxford.C. The University of Edinburgh.D. The University of Buckingham.26. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Parents send their children to public schools because they are rich.B. Parents send their children to public schools because their children can get better jobs when they leave school.C. Parents send their children to public schools because can have a better chance of getting into a good university.D. Parents send their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to public schools.27. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University?A. It's open to everybody.B. It requires no formal educational qualifications.C. No university degree is awarded.D. University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, etc.28. Which of the following about the terraced houses is NOT true?A. They are most common in suburban areas.B. They are usually two-storey houses joined at each side.C. They often have a small concrete yard at the back.D. They were originally built for factory workers.29. Which of the following about the "semis" is true?A. They usually have gardens at all side.B. They normally stand together in pairs.C. They are usually located in fashionable areas in the city.D. They are considered as the most desirable home by British people.30. Which of the following about class system in the UK is NOT true?A. People of different classes tend to read different kinds of newspaper.B. Class-division is only decided by people's income.C. Though social advancement is possible, class affects a person's life-chances.D. The way people speak identifies themselves to particular class.31. The present British foreign policy is mainly influenced by the following factors exceptA. its imperial history.B. its geopolitical traits.C. its special relationship with the United States.D. its schizophrenic attitude to Europe.32. Which of the following is NOT involved in making the British foreign policy?A. The Queen of BritainB. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office.C. The Prime Minister and Cabinet.D. The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.33. Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation inA. the Commonwealth.B. the Europ0ean Economic Community.C. the United Nation, the European Union, NATO, etc.D. a European federal government.34. A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy becauseA. it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the government.B. it informs people about current affairs in the world.C. it provides people with subjective reports.D. it publishes short pamphlets for Parliament.35. In Britain most advertising is carriedA. in newspapers.B. on televisionC. in maganes.D. on radio.36. Which of the following about the BBC is NOT true?A. There is no advertising on any of the BBC programs.B. The BBC is funded by license fees paid by people who possess television receiving sets.C. The BBC has four television channels.D. The BBC provides the World Service throughout the world.37. The Australian national day is set on January 26 to commemorateA. the founding of the Commonwealth of Australia.B. the discovery of the great southern ‘unknown land'.C. the first European settlement of the continent.D. Captain James Cook's first voyage around Australia.38. Australia is divided into three geological parts. They are:A. the Great Dividing Range, NSW, and Tasmania.B. the Australian Alps, the Great Dividing Range and Western Australia.C. Northern Territory, South Australia and Tasmania.D. the Great Western Plateau, the Central Eastern Lowlands and the Eastern Highlands.39. The European settlement _______ Aboriginal culture and society.A. devastatedB. promoted the development ofC. had no effect onD. brought prosperity to40. Australia also has external territories inA. the Arctic Ocean and the Indian Ocean.B. the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean.D. the Indian Ocean and the Antarctic.41. The three-tier system of the government in the Australian federation stands forA. the Australian Parliament and Government, the six state governments and their legislatures and the local government bodies at the city, town, municipal and shire level.B. the Australian Parliament, the federal government and the Executive Council.C. the Governor-General as the representative of the Queen, the Prime Minister heading the Australian government and the ministers each heading a ministry.D. the Australian government, the six states governments and the territories governments42. Which of the following sentences about the Governor-General of Australia is NOT true?A. The Governor-General is the commander of the armed forces in Australia.B. The Governor-General can act without consulting the government.C. The Governor-General is the representative of the British Queen who is formally the Queen of Australia, too.D. One of the duties of the Governor-General is to summon, prorogue and dissolve parliament.43. The two important reasons for the decline of the rural sector's share of the export market areA. infertile soils and lack of water for irrigation.B. diversification of products and the expansion of export markets.C. the growing importance of Japan as a trading partner and the decline in that of Britain's.D. its dependence on the British market and a decline in wool's share of the textile market.44. Since the early 1960s, ______has grown to be Australia's largest trading partner.A. Britain.B. the European CommunityC. JapanD. China45. Which of the following statement is NOT correct?A. Australia is the world's largest producer and exporter of alumina.B. Australia is the world's largest producer and exporter of bauxite.C. Australia is the world's largest exporter of coal.D. Australia is the world's major exporter of uranium.46. Which of the following writers established the early traditions of Australian writing?A. Henry LawsonB. Henry KendallC. Joseph FurphyD. Patrick White47. _________is the oldest newspaper in Australia.A. The Sydney Morning HeraldB. The AustralianC. The MercuryD. The Australian Financial Review48. The Special Broadcasting Service is a _____________.A. non-commercial, multilingual radio and multicultural television serviceB. commercial, multilingual radio and multicultural television serviceC. commercial, national serviceD. non-commercial, multilingual radio service49. New Zealand's three largest ethnic groups in terms of population are _____.A. New Zealanders with European ancestry, Chinese andMaoriB. Maori, Indian and people from the Pacific IslandsC. New Zealanders with European ancestry, Maori and people from the Pacific IslandsD. People from the Pacific Islands, Maori and Chinese50. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Maori population?A. Maori women tend to have more children than non-Maori women.B. Non-Maori women tend to have more children than Maori woman.C. Maori population is younger than the total population.D. Maori population makes up nearly one-seventh of New Zealand's total population.51. The Maori word "Marae" means _________.A. Maori cultureB. non-Maori or EuropeanC. protocolD. meeting house52. The three levels of local government are ________.A. regional councils, District Courts and community boardsB. the High Court, District Courts and Dispute TribunalsC. regional councils, territorial authorities and community boardsD. regional councils, city councils and community boards53. Which of the following is NOT one of the major exports of New Zealand?A. Dairy products.B. Fish.C. Wool.D. Oil.54. Which of the following is NOT one of the major imports of New Zealand?A. Fruit.B. Machinery.C. Vehicles.D. Mineral fuels.55. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except ____A. challenging the authority of the Pope.B. salvation through faith.C. salvation through the church.D. establishing a direct contact with God.56. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?A. separation of state and church.B. respect of education.C. intolerant moralismD. a sense of mission.57. Lord Baltimore's feudal plan failed because __________A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.58. Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the Constitution was written,A. there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.B. there was no Bill of Rights.C. the Constitution did not have any words guaranteeing the freedoms or the basic rights and privileges of citizens.D. a "Bill of Rights" was added to the Constitution 4 years after the Constitution was made.59. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?A. The executive.B. The legislative.C. The Judicial.D. The president.60. Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?A. The president can veto any bill passed by Congress.B. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur.C. The president can make laws.D. The president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments.61. The United States was rated No. 1 in terms of production capacity in the world ____.A. in 1920B. in 1950C. in 1945D. in 196062. Service industry does not include _______.A. bankingB. management consultationC. airlineD. steelmaking63. The United States was rated___ in the world in terms of land area and the size of population.A. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. fifth64. Which of the following is true?A. Many Catholics are not opposed to abortion.B. Many evangelical Protestants do not object to abortion.C. Orthodox Jews are for abortion.D. Liberal Protestants and Jews join non-believers in maintaining that abortion is a basic right for women.65. Which of the following continues to have an all-male clergy?A. The Catholic Church.B. The Protestant Episcopal Church.C. The United Methodist Church.D. Jewish Congregations.66. The following are distinctively American features of religion except _____A. Various religious groups have coexisted in the U. S. more harmoniously than Europe.B. Scientific and economic advance and material prosperity have not been accompanied by a decline in religious faith.C. There has been little concentration on doctrine or religion argument in the U. S.D. There has been very much concentration on doctrine or religious argument in the U. S.67. Whitman's poetry has the following characteristics except ___.A. fragmented haunting imagesB. long irregular linesC. celebrating the American spiritD. free-flowing structure68. Mark Twain's works are characterized by the following except ___.A. sense of humorB. egotismC. jokesD. tall tales69. Three of the following are characteristics of Emily Dickenson's poems. Which one is not?A. Her poems mix gaiety and gloom.B. Her verses are filled with the names of faraway, exotic places.C. Her poems are very long and powerful.D. Her poems show that she was fascinated by both life and death.70. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education?A. Universities and collegesB. Research institutionsC. Technical institutionsD. Undergraduate institutions71. Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception?A. Large universities offer the best libraries and facilities for scientific research.B. Large universities provide students with "mainframe" computers.C. Large universities offer scholarships to all students.D. Large universities attract students with modern laboratories.72. Nearly all students want to get into more desirable institutions because ____.A. they find it easy for them to get jobs after having graduated from one of themB. they enjoy the high prestige of these institutionsC. they like the teachers and surroundings in these institutionsD. they prefer to have the Scholastic Aptitude Tests73. In addition to such tactics as sit-ins, young students also added ________ to educate people about the war in Vietnam.A. teach-inB. rock 'n' roll musicC. class boycottD. "march against fear"74. According to the author, three civil rights groups provided the leadership, the tactics, and the people to fight against Southern segregation. Which is the exception?A. the Student Nonviolent Coordinating CommitteeB. the Congress of Racial EqualityC. the Southern Christian Leadership ConferenceD. the Student for a Democratic Society75. A historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March on Washington of August 28, 1963 when _____ delivered his "I have a Dream" speech.A. John F. KennedyB. President JohnsonC. Martin Luther King, Jr.D. Mario Savio76. Three of the following factors contribute to the higher arrest rates among minority groups. Which is the exception?A. The aggressive nature of these groups.B. Racial prejudice against them.C. Low social status of these groups.D. Poverty and unemployment among minority groups.77. Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime?A. briberyB. tax evasionC. false advertisingD. robbery78. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The Northern states had outlawed slavery by 1830.B. Slavery was finally abolished in the South in 1865.C. The Northern states did not have racial discrimination.D. Segregation laws continued to be enforced in Southern states until the 1950s.79. ____ had the title "the Wizard of Menlo Park".A. Thomas A EdisonB. John StevensC. Charlie ChaplinD. Robert Fulton80. ____contributed to the development of the American system of manufacture in the twentieth century.A. James K MaxwellB. Cyrus H McCormickC. Lee De ForestD. Henry Ford81. When was voice and music first transmitted over the radio?A. 1901B. end of 19th centuryC. New Year's Eve 1905D. Christmas Eve 190582. One of the oldest towns (landed in 1513) in the US is ____.A. New YorkB. BostonC. PhiladelphiaD. St Augustine83. The Granite State in the US is _____.A. New HampshireB. New York StateC. PennsylvaniaD. Florida84. ______ was twice the site of Winter Olympics.A. Schroon LakeB. Lake PlacidC. AtlantaD. Washington, D. C.85. In playing basketball, when the player bounces the ball on the floor as he moves around the court, this is called ___.A. passB. walkC. stealD. dribble86. In playing basketball, misbehavior or unsportsmanlike actions may result in ____.A. time outB. overtimeC. technical foulD. foul87. Which of the following is not a team game?A. volleyballB. bowlingC. soccerD. field hockey88. The complex drumming in the rhythm section of early jazz music was brought over to America by ___.A. Spanish missionaries from Europe.B. Black slaves from West AfricaC. British colonists from Asia.D. the Creole from the West India89. Blues was derived from a blend of field chantey and spiritual which is ____.A. a form of rock' n' roll singing popular among American teenagersB. a form of operatic singing originated from Southern European countriesC. a form of country music singingD. a form of hymn singing prevalent in African-American Christian churches90. Recording groups such as the Hot Five and the Hot Seven organized by Louis Armstrong made a series of recordings which represent ____.A. the origin of the Chicago style jazzB. the influence of New Orleans style jazzC. the beginning of the New York style jazzD. the impact of ragtime music91. What is the economic mainstay of British Columbia?A. the forestry industryB. the hydroelectric industryC. mining industryD. manufacturing industry92. Which of the following is NOT one of the prairie provinces?A. AlbertaB. SaskatchewanC. New BrunswickD. Manitoba93. Which of the following provinces was the last one to join Canada in 1949?A. Nova ScotiaB. NewfoundlandC. OntarioD. British Columbia94. Which of the following is true?A. The Queen is the official head of state.B. She is a member of the Cabinet.C. She is a symbol of parliamentary democracyD. She is a symbol of Canada.95. Which of the following provinces are densely populated in Canada?A. Saskatchewan and OntarioB. Ontario and QuebecC. Manitoba and SaskatchewanD. Quebec and Manitoba96. Which of the following is NOT correct?A. The Senate is controlled by the House of Commons.B. The Senate is not elected.C. The Senate is recommended by the Prime Minister.D. The Senate is appointed by the Governor General.97. According to the text, when the Japanese bombed PearlHarbor in 1941, who considered the Japanese population in the west coast of North America a potential security threat?A. the federal government of CanadaB. the local governments in CanadaC. the United NationsD. Amnesty International98. In Vancouver schools, it is estimated that more than half of the students speakA. EnglishB. FrenchC. Mandarin ChineseD. Cantonese99. By 1975, how many per cent of immigrants were non-European?A. 30 per centB. 80 per centC. 60 per centD. 50 per cent 100. When did Canada begin to develop a stronger service and manufacturing sector?A. at the beginning of the 20th centuryB. in the 1930sC. at the end of World War IID. in the 1960s2. Answer the following question:。
英语国家社会与文化入门A
闭卷考试时间：90分钟所有答案都必须写在答题纸上，答在试卷上一律无效共2页第1页Ⅰ.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）1. Britain is no longer an imperial country. ( )2. When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britainsometimes. ( )3. It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy in theworld. ( )4. It is incorrect to say that class and educational differences are reflectedin the newspaper. ( )5. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’sforeign policy.( )Ⅱ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question.（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）1.Which of the following is not considered a characteristic of London?A.The cultural center.B. The business center.B. C. The financial center. D. The sports center.2.Which of the following is not true about Britain?A.It used to be a powerful imperial country in the world.B.It plays an active role as a member of the European Union.C.It is a relatively wealthy and developed country.D.It used to be one of the superpowers in the world.3.Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations in the UK, but isquite well-known in the world for_______.A.its most famous landmarkB. its rich cultural lifeC. its low living standardsD.its endless political problems4.Which of the following statements is not correct?A.There are no legal restraints upon Parliament.B.Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.C.Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.D.Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.5.Which group of people cannot vote in the general election?A.Members in the House of Commons.B.Lords in the House of Lords.C.The UK citizens above the age of 18.D.The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic.6.By whom is a “vote of no confid ence” decided?A.The House of Commons.B.The House of Lords.C. The two major parties.D.The Prime Minister.7.How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least inorder to win the election?A.651.B.326.C.626.D.351.8.Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK?A.Beef cattleB.Dairy cattleC.ChickenD.Sheep9.Which of the following countries is the last to come out of recession?A.GermanyB.JapanC.BritainD.France10.Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare?A.Doctor FaustusB.MacbethC.FrankensteinD.The Tempest11.Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreign policy?A.The Queen of BritainB.The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC.The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.D.The Minister of Defense and the Treasury.12.Why does Britain have its nuclear naval force?A.Because it is one of the developed countries in the world.B.Because it is a traditional sea power.C.Because it has an advanced industry.D.Because it is able to produce submarines.13.In Britain most advertising is carried_______.A.in newspaperB.in magazinesC.on televisionD.on radio14.Which of the following sports was not invented in Britain?A.FootballB.tennisC.basketballD.cricket15.Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family?A.CricketB.skiingC.golfingD.horse racing16.On which day is Halloween celebrated?A.October 31stB.November 5thC.March 17thD.December 25th17.Northern Ireland includes________.A. 6 countriesB.26 countriesC.32 countriesD.The whole island off the northwest coast of Great Britain.18.In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to______.A.private schoolsB.independent schoolsC.state schoolsD.public schools19.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16________.A.can legally receive partly free education.B.can legally receive completely free education.C.can not receive free education at all.D.can not receive free education if their parents are rich.20.Which of the following schools would admit children without referenceto their academic abilities?prehensive schoolsB.secondary schoolsC.independent schoolsD.grammar schoolsⅢ. Tell what you know about the following in your own words.（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分）1.London2.The functions of Parliament3.The importance of general elections4.The three traditions of Christmas in Britain闭卷考试时间：90分钟所有答案都必须写在答题纸上，答在试卷上一律无效共2页第2页Ⅳ. Answer the following two questions.（本大题共2小题，每小题15分，共30分）1.What are the purposes of British education system? Please commenton these purposes.2.What are the foundations of Britain’s foreign policy?ANSWER SHEET 答题纸Ⅰ.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1. _____2. _____3. _____4. _____5. _____Ⅱ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question.1. ____2. _____3. ___4. ___5. ___6. ____7. ___8. ___9. ___ 10. ___11. ___ 12. 13. ____ 14. ____15. __ 16. ___ 17. ___ 18. ___ 19. ____ 20. ___Ⅲ. Tell what you know about the following in your own words.1. London2. The functions of Parliament3. The importance of general elections4. The three traditions of Christmas in BritainⅣ. Answer the following two questions.1.2.。
英语国家社会与文化考查试卷
答卷须知：全部答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上的不得分。
第一部分的答题将选项前的字母填写到答题纸对应的题号后面；第二部分将所缺的单词填写在题号后面的空白处；第三部分在题号后面的空白处写上“T ”或“F ”；第四部分在答题纸上写出词汇的解释；第五部分按要求作文。
Part Ι Multiple-choice (20%, 1% for each)Directions: Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers to the question:1） In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to ______ A. private schools. B. independent schools. C. state schools D. public schools 2） In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 ________ A. can legally receive partly free education.B. can legally receive completely free education.《英语国家文化》课程考试（英国、爱尔兰、澳大利亚部分）C.can not receive free education at all.D.can not receive free education if their parents are rich.3）If a student wants to go university in Britain, he will take the examination called _____A.General Certificate of Education – Advanced.B.General Certificate of Secondary EducationC.the common entrance examinationD.General National V ocational Qualifications4）Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain?A.The University of CambridgeB.The University of OxfordC.The University of EdinburghD.The University of Buckingham5）Which of the following is NOT true?A.Parents send their children to public schools because they are rich.B.Parents send their children to public schools because their children can get better jobswhen they leave school.C.Parents send their children to public schools because their children can have a betterchance of getting into a good university.D.Parents send their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to publicschool.6）Which of the following schools would admit children without reference to their academic abilities?prehensive schoolsB.Secondary schoolsC.Independent schoolsD.Grammar schools7）Which of the following is NOT true about the British education system?A.It’s run by the state.B.It’s funded by the state.C.It’s supervised by the state.D.It’s dominated by the state.8）Which of the following is NOT included in the National Curriculum?A.Children must study the subjects like English, maths, science and so on.B.Children must sit in A-level tests.C.Children must pass national exams.D.Teachers must teach what they are told.9）In the exam called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to ______A.grammar schoolprehensive schoolC.public schoolD.technical school10）Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University?A.It’s open to everybody.B.It requires no formal educational qualification.C.No university degree is awarded.D.University course are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, etc. 11）Which of the following is the world’s oldest national newspaper?A.The Times.B.The Guardian.C.The Observer.D.The financial Times12） A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy because_________.A.it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the government.B.it informs people of current affairs in the world.C.it provides people with subjective reports.D.it publishes short pamphlets for Parliament.13）In Britain, most advertising is carried _______A.in newspapers.B.in magazines.C.on television.D.on radio.14）Which of the following about the BBC is NOT true?A.There is no advertising on any of the BBC programmes.B.The BBC is funded by licence fees paid by people who possess television sets.C.The BBC has four channels.D.The BBC provides the world Service throughout the world.15）Which of the following newspaper is a tabloid?A.The News of the world.B.Easter Enders.C.The telegraphD.None of the above.16）Which of the following was NOT an activity in Shakespeare’s time?A.Playing football.B.Having a drink at the pub.C.Working the landD.Attending the Grand National.17）Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain?A.Football.B.Tennis.C.Basketball.D.Cricket.18）Where is the national tennis championships held?A.Wembley.B.Wimbledon.C.London.D.Edinburgh.19）Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family?A.Enjoying the pantomime.B.The Queen broadcasting her Christmas message.C.Eating chocolate eggs.D.Shopping on the Boxing Day.20）Easter commemorates ______A.the birth of Jesus Christ.B.The Crucifixion of Jesus Christ.C.The coming of SpringD.The Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ.Part II Fill in the Blanks （20%, 1% for each）according to knowledge of the UK.21）The full name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and _____. 22）The island of Great Britain is made up of England, Wales and ___________.23）The United Kingdom has been a member of the E________ U_______ since 1973.24）Britain is now a multi________ society which produces a population of which I in 20 of non-European ethnicity.25）London plays a significant role in Britain’s e____________ and cultural life. It’s not only the financial centre of the nation, but also one of the major international financial centres in the world.26）Britain consists of three nations, including England, Wales and _________.27）Britain is a country with a history of invasions. In 43 AD Britain was invaded by ______. 28）The Anglo-Saxon began to settle in Britain in the __________ century.29）The capital of Britain is __________, which has great influence on the UK in all fields including government, finance and culture.30）Charles the First, king of Britain, was executed, because he attempted to overthrow parliament in the English Revolution.31）The doctrine of the “divine right of the Kings”held that the sovereign derived his authority from ________, not from his subject.32）In 1215, some feudal barons and the church forced King John to sign the ____________ to place some limits on the King’s power.33）In medieval time, kings would summon a group of wealthy barons and representatives of countries, towns and cities – called _________ to raise money.34）In 1689, Parliament passed ________ to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.35）In the 18th century, King George I left the job of chairing cabinet meeting to one of his minister who later came to be called __________.36）In Britain, the official head of state is _________ while the real centre of political life is in the House of Commons.37）The British Constitution consists of statute laws, _________ laws and conventions.38）The most important function of the parliament is to _______ laws.39）Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of the Queen, the House of ______ and4the House of Commons.40）Life peers should be nominated by _________ and appointed by the sovereign.Part III True or False （25%, 1 for each）or false (F):41）In the UK, a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances. ________.42）The parliament can call an election sooner than five years. _______.43）Anyone who is eligible to vote with 500 pounds as deposit can stand as an MP. ____. 44）Each main party is given some time on national TV to “sell” their policies. The time is not given free and has to be paid by the party. ______.45）The amount spent in national campaign is not limited other than that on TV. _____.46）Secrecy is not an important part of the voting process. _______.47）There are two major national parties in the UK according to the text. ______.48）Liberal Democratic Party is the newest of the major national parties. ______.49）Children from the upper-middle-class usually have a better education than those from the working or middle class. ______.50）The majority of middle-class people today have working class parents or grandparents. _____. 51）By the 1880’s the British economy was dominant in the world. ______.52）Both the US and Canada overtook Britain in economy by 1900. ______.53）By the end of the World War II, Britain had gone heavily into debt in order to develop its manufacturing industry and borrowed large amounts from the US and France. _____. 54）Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies, especially India, which gains its independence in 1947. _____.55）In the 1970s, with the soaring price of oil and high rates of inflation, Britain went througha bad period. In 1979, the Labour Party had to step down from the government. ______. 56）The leader of the Conservatives, Margaret Thatcher started a series of reform. An extensive programme of privatisation was carried out, and she was successful in all round way. ______.57）Tertiary industries include banking, insurance, tourism, agriculture and the selling of goods. ______.58）Britain has a large sector of agriculture producing 11.6% of its national wealth. ______. 59）According to the text, the tertiary industry produces approximately 2/3 of the national wealth. _______.60）The service industry in the UK employs 70% of the total work force. _______.61）When referring to Ireland, people mean either the Republic of Ireland or Northern Ireland,a province of the Great Britain. _____.62）The area covering the Republic of Ireland is five times of that Northern Ireland. ______.63）Ireland has an extreme weather and distinct seasons. _______.664） After the Great Famine, there was a rapid decline of population and many Irish peopleimmigrated to other countries. _______. 65） Although the language of the Celts survived through history, their language is not theofficial language. ______. Part IV Word Explanation (20%, 4% for each)Directions: Explain the following terms in your own words:66） The Anglo-Saxons67） The function of the UK parliament 68） Class system in British society 69） Independent schools in the UK 70） The Commonwealth Part V Questions and Answers (15%)Directions: Write a short passage in around 150 words based on the topic given below:71) The social and cultural value embodied in the “Dreaming ”。
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英语国家社会与文化》考试试卷（A 卷）适用班级学院外国语班级学号姓名成绩考试时间120 分钟一二三四五六七八九十总分题号分数得分一、Fill in the following information gaps(20%)(1 point each)1.England is a highly ____1____ country ,with more than 80% of its population living in cities ,and about 2% of the population working in agriculture.2.The first permanent settlement in North America was established, in today's__ 2 in the year of 16073.The American transcendentalist, _____3______- published a startling book called Nature he claimed by studying and respecting to nature individual could reach a higher spiritual state without form religion .4.The U.S. federal government consist of the following three branches____4____, the legislative and the judicial .5.One advantage of corporation over sole proprietorship and partnership is that it has _____5___,so investors risked only the amount of their investment and not their entire assets6.The best -known stock exchange is ___6_________located in Wall Street area of New York City7.WASP stands for ______7_______.8.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from _______8______,Italy and Poland.9. _______9______ , they refer to the five novels written by Fennimore Cooper.10.A collection of poems written by_____10____, it is a ground-breaking book. That is Leaves of Grass.11.An jazz music ensemble of musicians consists of two sections: the front line and ____11_____.12.M.B.A and G.R.E. stand for Master of Business Administration and_______12______ in U.S. education.13.In the U.S., B.A. and B.S. stand for Bachelor of Arts and_______13________in higher education.14.The two most well known computer companies are IBM and_____14____ in the United States.15.In the 11th century Britain was invaded by a group of__15____ from northern France .16.Two Scottish cities which have a ancient and internationally respected universities _______16________ and Glasgow.17.The Britain, the official head of state is now the King while the real center of political life is in ______17________ .18.The British Constitution consists of _____18________ ,the common laws and conventions.19.In jazz music major musical instrument include violin,_____19_____,piano,trombone , cymbal ,bell, hollow wooden block, chimes ,drum, guitar etc.20.In the American education , A.A. stands for ____20______.得分二、Choose the correct answer for each of the following (35%)(1 point each)1. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modem development of Europe?A. The growth of capitalism.B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. Tile spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.1.Who was the first to start the Religious Revolution that brought about the modern development of Europe?B. John CalvinC. John LockeA. Martin Luther D. John Adams3. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?A. separation of state and church.C. intolerant moralism.B. respect of education.D. a sense of mission.4. The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly fromA. George Washington.C. John Adams.B. Thomas Jefferson.D. John Locke.5. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?A. Catholics.C. Quakers.B. Puritans.D. Church of England.6. Which of the following was NOT the cause that brought about the development of American Industrial Revolution.A. introduction of factory system C. construction of railroadB. system of mass production D. religious liberty7.Service industry does not include_______________.A. BankingB. AirlineB. management consultationC .steelmaking8. One of the problems with American agriculture that critics accuses both corporate and family farmers of damaging the __________.A. tourism attractionC. cultural balanceD. economic development9. The latest technology that farmers have adopted isB. environmentA. artificial fertilizers C. tractorsB. pesticide D. computers10. Which of the following was NOT a Protestant denomination?A. The Baptists.B. The Catholics.C. The Methodists.D. The Presbyterians.11. In the United States, people go to church mainly for the following reasons exceptA. for finding a job in society.B. for having a place in a community.C. for identifying themselves with dominant values.D. for getting together with friends.12. Which of the following statements is NOT correct according to the American laws?A. American mainstream culture is based on Protestantism.B. Protestant Church is an established church by law in the U.S.C. The Catholic Church is the largest single religious group in the U.S.D. The largest church is of the Protestant faith in the U.S.13.Which of the following was written by Thoreau?A. NatureB. WaldenD. The Fall of the House of UsherC. The Scarlet Letter14. ______________was mainly interested in writing about Americans living in Europe.A. Henry JamesB. Mark Twain给大家推荐一个英语微信群Empty Your Cup英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法，群里都是说英语，没有半个中文，而且规则非常严格，是一个超级不错的英语学习环境，群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人，还有鬼佬和外国美眉。