与功效_毒性相关的何首乌化学成分研究进展_龚彦胜

与功效、毒性相关的何首乌化学成分研究进展

龚彦胜1张亚囡2黄伟2孙虎2孙蓉1*（1山东省中医药研究院，山东济南250014；2山东中医药大学，山东济南

250355）

中图分类号：R282文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-8629（2012）08-0472-04

基金项目：山东省科技平台建设项目（2008GG2NS02021）；国

家重点基础研究发展计划（973）中医基础理论专项资助项目

（2009CB522802

）作者简介：龚彦胜，男，助理研究员，中药药理与毒理。*

通讯作者：孙蓉，女，研究员，硕士生导师，中药药理与毒理。E-mail ：sunrong107@

摘要：目的总结与功效、毒性相关的何首乌化学成分研究现状，明确何首乌功效成分与毒性成分，为进行何首乌化学成分与功效、毒性相关性研究提供文献依据和研究思路。方法对近十几年来国内外发表的相关文献进行整理、分析、归纳。结果二苯乙烯苷是何首乌的主要化学成分和活性成分，是何首乌发挥功效的主要物质基础；蒽醌类是其可能的毒性成分和毒性表达的主要物质基础。

临床报道何首乌可产生多种不良反应，而关于何首乌化学成分毒性的研究报道较少，对于何首乌毒性物质基础、毒性体内过程、毒性作用特点、毒性作用机制研究尚不够深入；目前关于何首乌化学成分、功效和毒性的研究都是孤立的，彼此之间缺少关联性。结论何首乌应在功效和毒性表达导向下进行定向的物质基础分离、合理毒性控制研究，以达到减少不良反应，保证临床安全用药的目的。关键词：

何首乌；功效；毒性；化学成分Research Development on Chemical Compositions of Polygonum Multiflorum Related to Efficacy and Toxicity GONG Yan-sheng 1ZHANG Ya-nan 2HUANG Wei 1SUN Hu 1SUN Rong 1*(1Shandong Research Academy of TCM ,Shandong Jinan 250014,China;2Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shandong Jinan 250355,China)

Abstract:Objective By combing pertinent literature,and summarizing the current states of chemical composition of

Polygonum multiflorum related with its efficacy and toxicity,to identify its effective and toxical composition,provide

literature basis and idea for the research of relevance between efficacy,toxicity and chemical composition of Polygonum

multiflorum .Methods The related references in recent 10years both at home and abroad about Polygonum multiflorum

were collated,analyzed and summarized.Results The stilbene glucoside is the main chemical composition and the active constituent,and is the main material basis for efficacy in Polygonum multiflorum .Anthraquinones are the possible toxical chemical composition and marerial basis to effect toxicity expression.Many adverse reactions were observed in clinical application.The research reports related to the toxicity of chemical constituents are very few.The chemical material foundation,process in vivo,characters and mechanism of toxical effect are not definite completely.The research about efficacy,material basis and toxicity of Polygonum multiflorum is isolated;there is a short of relevance.Conclusion The toxicity of Polygonum multiflorum should be researched in the process of efficacy-expression and material basis-separation.Material basis of toxicity should be controlled reasonably and basement would be provided for con-summating safety standards and putting forward early-warning scheme of adverse reaction that can be referred to clinical.Key words:Polygonum multiflorum ;efficacy;chemical composition;toxicity

何首乌始载于《开宝本草》，为蓼科植物何首乌Polyg-onum multiflorum Thunb 。的干燥块根。《中华人民共和国药典》收载何首乌及其炮制加工品制何首乌，二者性味归经与功能主治有所不同，生首乌其性平，味甘、苦，

归心、肝、大肠经；能截疟解毒，润肠通便。制首乌其性微温，味甘、涩，归肝、肾经；功善补益经血，固肾乌须[1]。何首乌含有多种化学成分，目前从中分离得到的主要有二

苯乙烯类、蒽醌类、类磷脂类等化学成分[2，3]

，其中二苯乙

烯苷是何首乌特有的生物活性成分[4]，蒽醌类是其泻下作用的主要成分。现代药理研究表明，何首乌具有降血脂、延缓动脉粥样硬化、抗衰老、抗氧化、提高免疫力、抗菌、促进肾上腺皮质、益智、保护神经细胞等多种药理活性。

近年来，随着何首乌及其制剂在临床的广泛应用，

·综述·

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