口译翻译练习：中国城乡社会家庭结构与功能的变迁
口译综合能力30个句子翻译的参考答案
I – La pauvreté：1、在发展政策方面，相对于城里，国家没有给予农村同样的重视。
这个政策上的忽略引起了农村一定程度的贫困化和较为严重的社会边缘化。
这种情况的原因之一是农村家庭收入的恶化。
2、由于广泛种植可可粉和咖啡，科特迪瓦以前曾是大量西非侨民和欧洲移民者的乐土。
阿比让的耀眼的摩天大厦见证了被认为是《非洲巴黎》的城市的辉煌。
3、在2000年，国际共同体确立的新千年目标是从现在到2015年要减少一半的贫困人口。
考虑到全球经济正在走下坡路，这个目标视乎很难实现。
4、尽管地球被命名为《蓝色星球》，它只拥有3%的新鲜水。
然而，这个小小的比率已经满足了人类200亿人口的每人20升饮用水的最低日常生活需求，包括饮料、厨房用水、厕所用水和洗涤用水。
5、法国总统、英国总理以及其他高层人物在上周的达沃斯经济讨论会上宣布说：大家有充分的理由动员起来战胜贫困。
6、在越贫穷的国家，人口繁殖和人口增长越快。
从目前至2050年，贫困国家的人口数字很可能增至三倍：从1995年的6000万人口到180亿人口。
7、发展往往落下了贫人，甚至恶化了他们的缺陷。
穷人们需要采用一些直接的措施来把他们引导到发展的轨道上，并创建条件让他们脱离贫困。
8、大体上，在90年代期间，发展中国家人均国内生产总值每年增长了1.6%。
这个增长不仅是慢的，而且是分布不均匀的。
对于贫困国家，90年代的人均国内生产总值的增长比80年代还慢。
9、90年代出现的新兴市场的危机清晰表明了全球化的优点并不是没有后遗症的：危机一方面引起了资金流动的不稳定性，另一方面导致了引发贫困的社会结构、经济和环境的恶化。
10、代表全球90%人口的42个国家的一个就全球经济最新前景的研究结果表明：居民的人均生产显著地增加了，但国家间的收入分布比世纪初更不均衡了。
II – Le Sida1.根据联合国艾滋病规划署，在世界上15岁到49岁犯有艾滋病毒的3720万成年人中，女性占了一半。
第九周口译文本
经济运行稳中向好。
国内生产总值达到56.9万亿元，比上年增长7.7%。
居民消费价格涨幅控制在2.6%。
城镇登记失业率4.1%。
城镇新增就业1310万人，创历史新高。
进出口总额突破4万亿美元，再上新台阶。
-The economy was stable and improved. The gross domestic product (GDP) reached 56.9 trillion yuan, an increase of7.7% over the previous year. The rise in the consumer price index (CPI) was kept at 2.6%. The registered urban unemployment rate was kept at 4.1% and 13.1 million urban jobs were created, an all-time high. Total imports and exports exceeded US$4 trillion, reaching a new high.——居民收入和经济效益持续提高。
城镇居民人均可支配收入实际增长7%，农村居民人均纯收入实际增长9.3%，农村贫困人口减少1650万人，城乡居民收入差距继续缩小。
规模以上工业企业利润增长12.2%。
财政收入增长10.1%。
-Personal income continued to rise, and economic performance continued to improve. The per capita disposable income of urban residents rose by 7% in real terms, and the per capita net income of rural residents rose by 9.3% in real terms. The number of rural people living in poverty was reduced by 16.5 million and the urban-rural income gap continued to narrow. The profits of industrial enterprises with annual revenue of 20 million yuan or more from their main business operations rose by 12.2%. Government revenue increased by 10.1%.——结构调整取得积极成效。
2017考研英语翻译每日一句：家庭结构变迁_毙考题
下载毙考题APP免费领取考试干货资料，还有资料商城等你入驻邀请码：8806 可获得更多福利2017考研英语翻译每日一句：家庭结构变迁考研英语翻译部分在试题中分值占10%，建议同学们还是要重视起来，为自己争取更多的分数。
小编考研为大家搜集了有关社会生活、科普知识、文化教育等方面的相关句子，以此拓展大家的视野。
一起来学习吧!本期主题【家庭结构变迁】With the implementation of the family planningpolicy and the change of theconcept of family, thesize and structure of traditional Chinese familieshaveundergone evident changes. One is that thenumber of one-child familiesincreases, resulting in agradual decrease in the average number offamilymembers. Another is the miniaturization trend of the family structure,which leads to thetraditional extended family being replaced by nuclear family.Changes in size and structure ofhouseholds contribute to simple familyrelationship and increasing mutual dependence offamily members. However, thechanges also exert negative influences, such as a surge in thespeed ofpopulation aging and the increasing number of the empty-nest families.参考翻译:随着计划生育政策(the family planningpolicy)的推行和家庭观念的改变，中国传统的家庭规模和结构发生了明显变化。
2019年全国翻译资格三级考试口译汉译英模拟题4
【导语】不做说话的巨⼈，⾏动的矮⼦。
说再多的漂亮话，也不如做⼀件实实在在的漂亮事，⾏动永远是迈向成功的第⼀步，想永远只会在原地踏步。
对于考试⽽⾔亦是如此，每天进步⼀点点，基础扎实⼀点点，通过考试就会更容易⼀点点。
⽆忧考整理了“2019年全国翻译资格三级考试⼝译汉译英模拟题4”，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注⽆忧考！ 城市化进程 中国城市化(urbanization)将会充分释放潜在内需(domestic demand)。
⼀些经济学家指出，在中国⼏乎所有的发展中城市都⾯临着城市化的进程。
这使得许多⼈的⽣活⽔平有所提⾼，也为⼈们提供更多的就业机会。
随着越来越多的⼈向城市迁徙，住房及城市基础设施建设(infrastructure construction),包括⽔源等能源的供应将会成为城市发展的焦点问题。
商品与服务的⾃由、快速流通是城市化社会的⼀项基本特征。
逐渐扩张的城市需要更多的零售店来满⾜消费者的需求。
参考译⽂： China’s urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand. Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country. It will lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing and city infrastructure, in?cluding water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban develop?ment as more people migrate to cities. Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city. But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation. The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Ex-panding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers.。
汉译英段落3及参考译文
1.家庭是社会的基本单位，它的结构随着社会的发展而变化。
在中国几千年的传统社会里，家庭不仅是日常生活的基本单位，也是生产单位。
理想的、令人羡慕的家庭是五世同堂，家里的大事由男人做主。
近百年来，中国发生了巨大变化，从而导致中国家庭的结构也改变了。
人口众多的大家庭开始分成较小的家庭，总的趋势是出现了越来越多的核心家庭。
参考译文The structure of the family, which is a basic unit of the society, changes along with the development of the society.In China's traditional society which lasted several thousand years, the family was not only the basic unit in everyday life, but also a basic unit of production.An ideal family admired by all consisted of 5 generations, with the male members making all the important decisions.During the last hundred years, great changes have taken place in China. These changes have led to changes in the Chinese family rge families began to divide into smaller extendedfamilies，with the trend pointing toward the emergence of more and more nuclear families.。
2019年翻译资格考试三级口译必备词汇：中国改革
第一篇：翻天覆地的变化earthshaking changes面貌焕然一新take on a brand-new look出/入境旅游outbound/inbound travel村/居委会village committee/urban neighborhood committee解决温饱问题solve the problem of food and clothing落实科学发展观follow a scientific approach of development以人为本，执政为民put people first in administration着力搞好宏观调空concentrate on doing macro-regulatory work well激发创造活力stimulate creativity实施稳健的财政政策follow prudent fiscal policy三农工作是重中之重work relating agriculture, rural areas and farmers remains top priority加强农田水利建设intensify development of irrigation and conservancy project 多渠道转移农业富余劳动力transfer surplus rural labor to nonagricultural jobs推进产业结构优化升级optimize and upgrade the industrial structure加强生态建设strengthen ecological improvement推进财税体制改革promote the reform of fiscal and tax system加强精神文明建设promote social and ethical progress加强行政能力建设和政风建设improve the government’s administrative capacity and style of work建设服务型政府service-oriented government意气风发in high spirits同心同德、再接再厉united with one heart and one mind, continue our concerted and unyielding efforts第二篇：overstate 夸大turn one’s back on 对……封闭anarchy 政治混乱warlordism 军阀割据make up lost ground 收复失地springboard 跳板with gusto 满怀热情subsistence farming 自然经济marginal productivity 边际生产力tariff barrier 关税壁垒bolster 保持joint venture 合资企业incremental capital output ratio 资本产出比率reckon 估计purchasing power parity 购买力平价capital accumulation 资本积累demographic forecasts 人口统计学上的预见hiccup 磕磕碰碰forerunner 前驱dwarf 让……相形见绌关于翻译资格考试备考，小编建议，如果你基础比较薄弱，自学比较困难，不妨抱一个培训班，跟着老师一起备考复习。
英09《基础口译》Ex-Reform and Opening-up
〔改革开放－Words and Expressions〕十一届三中全会Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee解放和发展社会生产力to release and develop the productive forces振兴伟大的中华民族to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation赋予社会主义新的生机活力to inject new vitality into socialism始终走在时代前列to be always in the forefront of the times解放思想to emancipate the mind实事求是to seek truth from facts与时俱进to keep up with the times求真务实、开拓进取精神the truth-seeking, pragmatic and pioneering spirit历史上从未有过的never seen before in history从封闭半封闭到全方位开放from a closed or semi-closed state to all-round opening up马克思主义中国化to adapt Marxism to conditions in China给人民带来更多福祉to bring more benefits to the people…的必由之路the only way of一蹴而就to be accomplished overnight没有出路would only lead to a blind alley开辟了中国特色社会主义道路to blaze a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics立足基本国情in light of China's basic conditions以经济建设为中心to take economic development as the central task赋予其鲜明的中国特色to add to them distinct Chinese characteristics真正坚持社会主义to stay true to socialism永无止境There is no end to…勇于变革、勇于创新，永不僵化、永不停滞to make bold changes and innovations, stayaway from rigidity or stagnation统筹兼顾各方面利益to accommodate the interests of all sides缩小城乡、区域发展差距to narrow the urban-rural and interregional gaps in development统筹国内发展和对外开放to balance domestic development and opening to the outside world 改革开放以来since the introduction of the reform and opening up policy生产力the productive forces生产关系the relations of production妄自菲薄to belittle ourselves,自甘落后to wallow in backwardness,急于求成to encourage unrealistic pursuit of quick results保持清醒头脑to remain sober-minded第一要义是发展to take development as its essence,以人为本to put people first又好又快发展sound and rapid development必须坚持全面协调可持续发展。
口译殿堂汉译英
作业十汉译英（翻译划线部分）在农村富余劳动力的转移上，我们将逐步走出一条中国特色的城市化道路。
目前，中国农村劳动力有5亿多人，今后20年大约有两亿多人要转移出来，在这个问题上，中国人不能做“欧洲梦”。
In rural surplus labor transfer, we will gradually blaze a trail in urbanization path with Chinese characteristics. China has a rural workforce of 0.5 billion, and 0.2 billion of it will be moved away from the countryside during the following 20 years. About the rural surplus labor transfer, it is not suitable for China to take measures as Europe did.欧洲在近代历史上，总共有6000多万人走到世界各地，到处建立殖民地，改变了世界版图。
21世纪上半叶的中国人，只能在自己的国土上，通过城市和农村的精心协调发展，通过引导农村富余劳动力在不丧失土地的条件下，在城乡之间有序流动，来解决这个世界级的大难题。
In European modern history, above 60 billion Europeans went abroad to establish colonies all over the world, changing the world’s territory.英译汉（翻译划线部分）A year ago, this lush coastal field near Rome was filled with orderly rows of delicate durum wheat, used to make high quality Italian pasta. Today it overflows with rapeseed, a tall, gnarled weedlike plant bursting with coarse yellow flowers that has become a new manna for European farmers: rapeseed can be turned into biofuel.Lured by generous new subsidies to develop alternative energy sources - and a measure of concern about the future of the planet - European farmers are plunging into growing crops that can be turned into fuels meant to produce fewer emissions than gas or oil when burned. They are chasing after their counterparts in the Americas who have been cropping for biofuel for more than five years.欧洲农民种植替代能源作物可享受新型高额补贴（也是一种关心地球未来的举措），受此诱惑，他们一头扎进燃料作物的种植中。
CATTI口译高频词汇社会问题汉译英和英译汉
CATTI口译高频词汇（社会问题<汉译英>）词汇篇：安全生产 work safety《安全生产法》Law of the People’s Republic of China on Work Safety 包办婚姻 arranged marriage成人文盲率 adult illiteracy rate城市低保对象 urban residents entitled to basic living allowances城乡差距 rural-urban divide出生高峰 baby boom初婚年龄 first marriage age传宗接代 carry on the family line错峰用电 off-peak power consumption大男子主义 male chauvinism单亲家庭 single-parent family道路交通事故 road （transport）accident登机失业率 registered unemployment rate地下毒品交易市场 underground drug dealing market调控房价 housing prices control多子多福 the more sons, the more happiness放任自流 laissez-faire高速铁路 high-speed rail个税起征点 personal income tax cutoff threshold各类伤亡事故 death/injury involving accident of all categories工伤致残 disabilities caused by occupational diseases公立医院改革 public hospital reform拐卖妇女儿童trafficking of women and children关爱生命、关注安全cares for life and attention on work safety国家安全生产监督管理局the State Administration of Work Safety国家发展改革委员会the National Development and Reform Commission 国家煤矿安全监督局the State Administration of Coal Mine Safety国有企事业单位state-owned enterprises and institutions国有企业下岗职工laid-off personnel from state-owned enterprises婚育、养老marriage, childbearing and the elderly support机关干部government functionaries基本国策basic national policy基本养老保险basic retirement insurance基本养老保险制度basic old-age insurance system基本养老金basic old-age pension基本养老金的按时足额发放the timely and full payment of the pension 基层社区grassroots community畸形、死胎和夭折deformity, stillbirth and premature death计划外怀孕extra/unscheduled pregnancy家电下乡home appliances going to the countryside监测信息日报制度a system of daily report on monitoring and information交通畅通smooth traffic教育、感化、挽救 education, persuasion and redemption教育公平 equal access to education戒毒治疗和康复 drug addiction treatment and rehabilitation金三角“Golden Triangle”近亲婚姻 close relative marriages禁毒斗争 anti-drug campaign经济、社会、文化权利 rights in the socio-economic and cultural fields 敬老院old folk’s homes九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education空难 air crash跨国毒品犯罪活动 transnational drug-related crimes廉租房 low-rent house粮食最低收购价crops’ minimum purchase prices流动人口 floating population买卖婚姻 mercenary marriage卖淫嫖娼 prostitution; whoring《煤炭安全监察条例》 Regulations of Coal Mine Safety Supervision民爆器材 civilian blasting material民工湖migration of rural labor民生the well-being of people母乳喂养breastfeeding男女同工同酬equal pay for equal work to men and women alike能源安全energy security农民工rural people working in cities农民企业家farmer-turned-entrepreneur贫富差距gap between the rich and the poor （wealth gap）贫困线poverty line平均家庭规模the average life expectancy人工喂养bottle-feeding人口出生率birth rate人口调控体系a system of regulating and adjusting the population growth 人口过剩overpopulation人口结构population composition人口老化the aging of population人口普查census人口再生产类型population reproduction pattern扫除青壮年文盲eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people少生优生fewer and healthier births社会福利机构social welfare institutions社会救济social relief社会事业social undertakings社会主义新农村socialist new countryside社会总从业人员the entire workforce生活在贫困的边缘live in the abyss of impoverishment生育保险childbirth insurance生育率fertility rate失业保险金unemployment insurance payments《失业保险条例》Regulations on Unemployment Insurance失业保险制度an unemployment insurance system实名购票ID-based ticket booking system试点pilot program收入分配income distribution司法协助judicial cooperation体罚corporal punishment统包统配的就业制度the employment system featuring unified job assignment退休金双轨制dual pension scheme瓦斯爆炸methane gas explosion晚婚晚育later marriage, later childbearing网络审查Internet censorship危险化学品hazardous chemical蜗居dwelling narrowness武装扫毒行动armed elimination operation下岗再就业reemployment after being laid off贤妻良母virtuous wife and good mother小学毕业生升学率the rate of primary school graduates entering middle schools协调发展coordinated development性别平等gender equality学龄儿童入学率school-age children enrollment rate烟花爆竹fireworks and firecracker一对夫妇只生一个孩子one child per couple一条具有本国特色的综合治理人口问题的道路an integrated approach to the population issue with its own national characteristics医疗保险health insurance医疗改革medical reform依法拆迁lawful housing demolition and relocation以人为本put people first蚁族ant tribe意外伤害保险casualty accident insurance意外伤亡保险accident and death benefit insurance应急预案emergence plans优抚安置special care for disabled ex-servicemen and family members of revolutionary martyrs 育龄妇女women of childbearing age灾害救助natural disaster relief再就业服务reemployment service再就业培训reemployment training早婚早育early marriage, early childbirth增加电煤供给increase the supply of coal for power generation职业指导job guidance中央财政the central finance重大安全隐患major source of hidden danger自然增长率natural growth rate最低工资制度minimum wage system最低生活保障制度minimum living standard security system坚持正常生产，保证基本产量。
高级口译第三版Unit12中国改革ChinaandItsReform
Unit Twelve China and Its ReformText Passage One汉译英：女士们、先生们：Ladies and Gentlemen,1、这次到贵国访问，我深感朋友们对中国的改革与发展情况十分关心。
借此机会，我作一个简要的介绍。
During this visit,I have been deeply impressed by the keen interest of our friends in China's reform and development.So let me take this opportunity to give you a briefing on the topic.2、中国的改革开放已经走过了26个年头。
26年来，中国发生了翻来覆去的变化。
Twenty-six years have gone by since China began its reform and opening up.Earthshaking changes have taken place irt China.3、中国经济持续快速增长，国内生产长到1500亿美元增长到1.65万美元。
进出口总额从206亿美元增长到1.15万亿美元。
中国经济在世界经济总量的1%左右提高到4%。
对外贸易在全球贸易中的排名上升到第三位。
Thanks to the sustained,rapid economic growth,China's GDP has gone up from less than $150billion to$1.65trillion,its foreign trade increased from$20.6billion to$1.15trillion,its share of the world economy has risen from some1percent to nearly4percent,and it has climbed to the third place in global trade.4、中国社会面貌焕然一新，人民生活水平不断提高。
会议口译资料一(社会)
会议口译资料一（社会大类必背材料）::详细内容::体育与健康高超的才智需要健康的体魄，这样才智才能充分发挥。
有益的运动有很多，它们有益于健康，许多运动项目雨天可以在室内进行。
然而，室内运动总不像在户外的新鲜空气中进行活动那么好，因为我们身体在新鲜空气中会汲取更多氧气，吐出更多废气。
室内空气的新鲜程度保持不了多久，而户外空气则常常新鲜而清爽。
但是可以进行哪些项目呢？可进行的项目有足球、篮球、跑步等等，只要有足够的运动量的体育项目都是有益的，最好的是那些在户外进行的运动。
A strong mind needs strong body in order to make it most useful. There are a great many good exercises. They are helpful and healthful. Many of them may be taken ind oors during rainy weather. Indoor exercises, however, are never as helpful as those tak en out of doors in pure fresh air. It is because in fresh air more oxygen is taken into our systems and more wastes are given off. The air in the house does not remain fr esh very long. But out of doors it is usually fresh and pure. But what shall we play?There are a number of games such as football, basketball, races… Any game with pl enty of movement is good. The best are those that are played out of doors.不断变化的环境扩大了食品选择范围，改变了饮食习惯。
英语口译考试二阶备考+环境UNIT 6
Part one:1. 当今世界，环境保护已经成为各国政府和各界人士共同关心的问题。
Nowadays, environmental protection has become an issue of common concern for government of all countries and people from all walks of life. 1) 共同关心的问题(an issue of common concern)= a shared concern= a common concern2）各界人士(people from all walks of life)=people of all circles2. 我国是一个发展中国家，目前正面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。
As a developing nation, China is now confronted with the dual task of developing its economy and protecting its environment.面临着be confronted with双重任务：dual task = double task= two grand tasks…at one time3. 中国政府已经把发展农业列为实现环境与经济协调发展的重大对策。
The Chinese government has regarded the development of eco-agriculture as an important means to realize the coordinated development of the environment and the economy 将……列为：（regard…as ）=adopt …as = list….as4. 在解决环境问题时，不仅要考虑各国的眼前利益，还要考虑全世界的长远利益。
汉译英口译文字材料
Passage 1 女士们、先生们：很高兴能有机会参加这次“中国日”年会。
亚洲是世界上最大的洲，拥有世界60%的人口。
它资源丰富，历史悠久。
中国式亚洲的一员，同所有亚洲人民一样，中国人民勤劳智慧。
中国人民愿与所有亚洲人民一起，共创亚洲的美好明天。
Passage 2 我们非常高兴能和你们在英格兰度过这样一段愉快的时光。
在告别英格兰的时候，我觉得自己对它和它的历史有了更多的了解。
我们希望在不久的将来能在中国接待诸位，请诸位看看中国的变化。
现在，我提议为东道主的健康干杯！希望在不久能看见你们。
Passage 3我非常感谢您热情友好的欢迎辞。
印度是最古老的文明摇篮之一，访问印度是我的强烈愿望。
我为能成为贵公司的客人而深感荣幸。
这次访问给予我一次很好的机会结交新朋友。
我公司同印度有着有好的合作关系。
我们在许多领域里的合作都取得了重大进展。
我们的合作是富有成效的。
我们将继续成为和睦共助的伙伴关系。
Passage 4今晚，我们很高兴在北京大学接待格林博士和夫人。
我代表学校的全体师生员工向格林博士和夫人及其他新西兰贵宾表示热烈的欢迎。
中新两国教育界人士的互访，增进了相互间的了解和学术交流。
我相信格林博士这次对对我校的访问必将为进一步加强两校的友好合作关系做出重要贡献。
明天，贵宾们将要赴南京和上海访问，我预祝大家一路旅途愉快。
Passage 5今天各位能出席这个招待会，我们深感荣幸。
欢迎到中国来。
在发展对外贸易中，我们坚持“互相尊重、平等互利”的原则，这一原则有助于发展我们各国独立的民族经济。
我愿借此机会对各位朋友给予我们的合作和支持表示感谢。
Passage 6 在这个满天星斗、举国同庆的夜晚，我谨代表公司的全体同仁，感谢各位来宾从百忙之中拔冗光临我们的春节联欢晚会。
春节是我国一年中的良辰佳时，我希望各位中外同事共度一个轻松、欢快的夜晚。
我愿外国来宾能尽情品尝中国的传统佳肴和美酒。
我希望这次晚会能使我们彼此有机会沟通、增进友谊。
2022年四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国社会
2022四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国社会文化适应 acculturation社会保障 social security班车 shuttle bus相定迁户 a relocated unit or household大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age 独生子女 the only child in a family单亲 single parent福利彩票 welfare lotteries家政效劳 household management service民工 migrant laborers名人 celebrity农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers青春期 puberty全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign全国人口普查 nationwide census社会保险 social insurance暂住证 temporary residence permit/card青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency性骚扰 sexual harassment走私 smuggling*性另卑视 gender/sexual discrimination年龄卑视 age discrimination工作卑视 job discrimination享乐主义hedonism文盲 illiteracy贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor 盗版 pirated/illegal copies一国两制 One Country, Two Systems三个代表 the Three Represents Theory两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC) 南南合作 South-South Cooperation南北对话 North-South Dialog人大常委会 People’s Congress Standing Committee 法制观念 awareness of law法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system 改革开放 reform and opening-up公务员 civil servants官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work和谐并存 harmonious coexistence打算生育 family planning打算生育根本国策 the basic state policy of family planning 4青才申文明建立 the construction of spiritual civilization 居委会 neighborhood committee科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续进展 sustainable development廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency两岸关系 cross-straits relations两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations领土完整 territorial integrity民族精神 national spirit普选制 general election system求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences人大代表NPC member物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization小康社会 a well-off society小康水平 a well-off standard一个中国原则 the one-China principle与时俱进 keep pace with the times综合国力 overall national strength共同愿望common desire“走出去”（战略）going global不结盟 non-alignment单边主义 unilateralism多边政策 multilateralism多极世界 multipolar world人口老龄化 aging of population人口诞生率birth rate社区月效劳 community service道德法庭 court of ethics盗用公款embezzlement成人夜校 night school for adults在职进修班 on-job training courses政治思想训练 political and ideological education毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate 充电 update one’s knowledge初等训练 elementary education大学城 college town大学社区 college community高等训练 higher education高等训练“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education 高等学府 institution of higher education综合性大学 comprehensive university文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering 师范学院 teachers’ college; normal college高分低能 high scores and low abilities高考(university/college) entrance examination高校扩招 the college expansion plan训练界 education circle训练投入 input in education九年义务训练 nine-year compulsory education考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools课外活动 extracurricular activities必修课 required/compulsory course选修课 elective/optional course根底课 basic courses专业课 specialized courses课程表 school schedule教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus学习年限 period of schooling学历 record of formal schooling学分 credit启发式教学 heuristic teaching人才沟通 talent exchange人才战 competition for talented people商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC)适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age 升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate。
四级翻译练习资料-汉译英
新四级汉译英段落翻译练习1近百年来，中国发生了巨大变化，中国社会经过漫长的封建时期，半封建、半殖民地时期进入了社会主义社会。
这具有历史意义的变化使中国家庭的结构也改变了。
人口众多的大家庭开始分成较小的家庭和直系家庭，总的趋势是出现了越来越多的核心家庭。
During the last hundred years, great changes have taken place in China. The Chinese society, which had gone through the long feudal period, and later the semi-colonial, semi-feudal period, had turned into a socialist society. This historic change has led to changes in the Chinese family structure. Large families began to divide into smaller extended families and stem families, with the trend pointing toward the emergence of more and more nuclear families.2目前，人类的生存环境正在遭到破坏，美丽的大自然已经不那么美丽了。
保护野生动物，也就是保护人娄自己。
我强烈呼吁：不要再捕杀黑猩猩，不要再捕杀野生动物了，让我们人类多一些地球上的朋友，多给我们下一代保留一些野生动物吧! 否则，地球将毁灭在人类手中，人类将毁灭在自己手中。
At present, man’s living environment is being ruined, and beautiful nature is no longer so beautiful. Protection of wild life is protection of man himself. So I appeal strongly to all to stop killing the chimpanzee or any other wild animal. Let us human beings have more friends on the earth, and leave more wild life for future generations. Or the earth would be destroyed by man, and man by man himself.3越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。
口译笔译分类词汇（01）--社会发展词汇
口译笔译分类词汇（01）--社会发展词汇口译笔译分类词汇（01）--社会发展词汇211工程211 Project安居工程housing project for low-income families安居小区a neighborhood for low-income families保障妇女就业权利to guarantee women’s right to employment补发拖欠的离退休人员统筹项目内的养老金All back pension entitlements have been paid for the retired covered by the overall government plan.裁定保险赔偿adjudication of benefits城镇居民最低生活保障guarantee of subsistence allowances for urban residents在城镇强制推行以养老、失业、医疗为重点的社会保险Social welfare insurance, particularly old-age, unemployment and medical insurance, must be made mandatory in urban areas.城镇社会保障体系the social security system in urban areas城镇职工基本医疗保险制度the basic medical insurance system for urban employees创新精神be innovation-minded; to have a creative mind促进学生德、智、体、美全面发展ensure that students improve in terms of their moral, intellectual and fitness level as well as in their appreciation of aesthetics大家庭extended family大力推行个人助学信贷Personal loans to finance education should be vigorously promoted.大专文凭associate degree (conferred to junior college students)代培training-on-contract program代培生trainee on contract带薪分流assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits 待业人员job seekers待遇优厚的工作a well-paid job单亲家庭single parent family定向培训training for specific posts独生子女the only child对保障方案进行精算评估Security programs should undergo actuarial review.对口扶贫provide poverty alleviation aid to the designated sister regions恶性犯罪major crimes反对迷信be against superstition福利分房buy a benefit-oriented apartment from the organization one works with复式住宅compound apartment干部年轻化rejuvenation of cadres岗位培训on-job training高度重视精神文明建设pay close attention to cultural and ethical progress搞好优生优育promote good prenatal and postnatal care个人自愿计划voluntary private plans工伤保险制度the on-job injury insurance system工资收入分配制度the wage and income distribution system 关系国计民生的大事matters vital to national well-being and the people’s livelihood关心和支持残疾人事业Programs to help the physically and mentally challenged deserve our care and support.关心老龄人care for senior citizens.贵族学校exclusive school（美）; select school（英）国企下岗职工基本生活保障guarantee of basic cost of living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises 过紧日子tighten one’s belt过温饱生活live a life at a subsistent level合理调整就业结构to rationally readjust the employment structure后勤服务社会化make logistic services independent in their operation积极发展民办教育Efforts should be made to develop schools not operated by government education departments.基本养老金basic pensions计划生育责任制responsibility system of family planning继续开展―扫黄打非‖斗争The fight against pornography, illegal publications and piracy shall be continued.加快住房分配货币化进程capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation加强计划生育工作further improve family planning加强舆论监督ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion家庭美德family virtues坚持―两手抓、两手都要硬‖的方针adhere to the principle of ―doing two jobs at once and attaching equal importance to each‖坚持正确的舆论导向maintain the correct orientation for public opinion建立集体合同制度to establish a group contract system建立市场导向的就业机制to establish a market-oriented employment mechanism建立新型的劳动关系to establish a new type of labor relations建设廉洁、勤政、务实、高效政府build a clean and diligent, pragmatic and efficient government 建设一个富强、民主、文明的国家build a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced country教育程度educational status; education received教育程度比率educational attainment ratio戒毒所drug rehabilitation center精算界actuarial profession精算师actuaries扩大就业和再就业to expand employment and reemployment 劳动保障监察制度the labor security supervision system劳动标准体系labor standard system劳动争议处理体制the system of handling labor disputes面临困境face adverse conditions努力稳定低生育水平work to stabilize the low birth rate培养创新精神和实践能力help them develop practical abilities and a spirit of innovation破案率rate of solved criminal cases强制性普及方案universally compulsory program切实减轻中小学生过重的课业负担effectively reduce too heavy homework assignments for primary and secondary school students确保国有企业下岗职工基本生活费和离退休人员基本养老金按时足额发放to ensure thatsubsistence allowances for laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises and basic pensions for retirees are paid on time and in full人口出生率birth rate人口老龄化aging of population人口增长的高峰期baby boom人口增长与社会经济发展相协调try to keep population growth in line with social and economic development人民生活水平quality of life; the living standards认真贯彻实施中国妇女、儿童发展纲要The programs for the development of work concerning women and children should be earnestly implemented.弱势群体disadvantaged groups扫除青壮年文盲eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people伤残保险disability insurance社会保障social security社会保障―三条保障线‖制度social security system of ―three guarantees‖社会福利制度the social welfare system社会公德social morality社会互助制度the social mutual help system社会治安状况好转see an improved law-and-order situation 深入扎实地开展群众性精神文明创建活动Extensive public participation activities are launched to promote cultural and ethical progress.生活待遇material amenities生活费收入income available for cost of living生活费用cost of living; income maintenance; subsistence cost 生育保险制度the childbirth insurance system失学儿童dropouts失业保险guarantee of unemployment insurance benefits失业保险unemployment insurance失业保险制度the unemployment insurance system失业率rate of unemployment实施积极促进就业的政策to implement the policy of vigorouslyincreasing employment实现基本普及九年义务教育The goal in the effort to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal has been attained.实现小康目标attain the goal of ensuring our people a relatively comfortable life实行弹性大、灵活性强、多样化的就业形式to adopt elastic, flexible, diversified forms of employment实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质promote family planning and control the population size and improve the health of the people实行劳动合同制度to institute a labor contract system树立正确的价值观、世界观、人生观help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life 思想道德建设（思想政治工作）moral education among people提高部分优抚对象抚恤标准Allowances for certain disabled service men and women and family members of revolutionary martyrs and service men and women have been increased.提高劳动者素质to enhance workers’ quali ty统筹兼顾城乡就业to make overall plans for urban and rural system推动就业服务向社区延伸，形成多层次的就业服务网络to encourage the formation of community-run agencies as a part of the multi-level employment service network推进素质教育push ahead with education for all-around development推行职业资格证书制度to introduce a vocational qualification credentials system退休基金pension fund脱贫lift off poverty; cast off poverty完善和落实再就业优惠政策to improve and implement preferential reemployment完善失业保险制度to improve the unemployment insurance system文明城市model city; culturally advanced city; city cited for high moral and cultural standards物业管理estate management, property management消费价格总水平the general price level小家庭nuclear family小康生活enjoy a fairly comfortable life; be moderately better off新生儿死亡率infant mortality rate; neonatal mortality rate行行出状元Every profession produces its own leading authority.研究生毕业证/学位证graduate diploma/graduate degree's diploma养老保险retirement insurance养老保险制度the old-age insurance system医疗保险medical insurance医疗保险制度the medical insurance system应试教育examination-oriented education system优抚安置制度the special care and placement system优化就业结构to optimize employment structure有公德心be civic-minded舆论导向direction of public opinion舆论监督supervision by public opinion预期寿命life expectancy灾害救助制度the natural disaster relief system在职博士生on-job doctorate招生就业指导enrolment and vocation guidance争取实现高等教育大众化work to make regular higher education accessible to the majority of young people 政府主导计划government-sponsored programs职业道德ethics of profession中华人民共和国劳动法the Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China中专生secondary specialized or technical school student重视发展具有比较优势和市场潜力的劳动密集型企业to stress the development of labor-intensive enterprises with comparative advantages and market potential抓好农村和流动人口计划生育管理与服务devote efforts to the management of family planning and related services in rural areas and among the floating population自然增长率natural growth rate自学成才self-taught and self-made person; become a qualified professional through self-taughtway最低生活保障制度the minimum living standard security system口译笔译分类词汇（02）--外经贸类词汇澳新紧密经济关系协定ANZCERTA：Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement摆脱亚洲金融危机的影响shake off the impact of the financial crisis帮助人才脱颖而出help excellent talents find way to distinction 备件spare parts部长级会议ministerial meeting采取积极财政政策proactive fiscal policy出口创汇型/外向型产业export-oriented industry垂直兼并vertical merger倒爷profiteer抵免offset东盟自由贸易区AFTA：ASEAN Free Trade Area东南亚国家联盟ASEAN：Association of South-East Asian Nations对外项目承包foreign project contracting反倾销措施anti-dumping me asures against ……防伪标志anti-fake label放松银根ease monetary policy非配额产品quota-free products非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment风险基金venture capital风险准备金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk岗位培训on-the-job training港元的联系汇率制the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar搞活国有大中型企业revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises工程项目engineering project工业增加值industrial added value公正合理equitable and rational固定资产投资investment in the fixed assets广开就业门路increase employment opportunities; create jobs in every possible way; open up more channels of employment 规模经济scale economy/ economies of scale国合企业（即国有合作社）state-owned cooperatives国际清算international settlement国际收支平衡balance of international payments/ balance of payment国际收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment国家补贴public subsidies国家鼓励项目projects listed as encouraged by the state国家科技创新体系State Scientific and Technological Innovation System国家现汇结存state foreign exchange reserves合理引导消费guide rational consumption横向兼并horizontal merger坏帐、呆帐、死帐bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan货币市场money market机构臃肿overstaffing in (government) organizations机构重叠organizational overlapping技工贸结合的科技型企业scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and echnological developmentwith industrial and trade development季节性调价seasonal price adjustments既成事实established/accomplished facts减免债务reduce and cancel debts建材building materials进口环节税import linkage tax经常项目current account经常性的财政收入regular revenues竟价投标competitive bidding就业前培训pre-job training控股公司holding company垃圾融资junk financing劳动密集性企业labor-intensive enterprises劳务合作labor service cooperation累计实现顺差143.4美元accumulatively realizing trade surplus利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery流动人口floating population龙头产品lagship product乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises慢性萧条chronic depression农业技术合作ATC：Agricultural Technical Cooperation盘活存量资产revitalize stock assets配件accessories皮包公司flying-by-night company; bogus company平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity andmutual development瓶颈制约―bottleneck‖restrictions企业的自我约束机制self-regulating mechanism of enterprises 企业技术改造technological updating of enterprises企业亏损补贴subsidies to cover enterprise losses企业所得税corporate income tax千年问题、千年虫millennium bug抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities清理、修订screen and modify求同存异overcome differences and seek common ground商住和公益设施建设commercial, residential and public utility construction申报制度reporting system; income declaration system实行股份制enforce stockholding system实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to, treat foreigninvestors as quals to the Chinese counterparts市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA：Administrative Aspects of Market Access适销对路的产品readily marketable products双重轨制two-tier system / double-track system水利water conservation所有制形式forms of ownership贪图安逸crave comfort and pleasure通货紧缩deflation通货膨胀inflation同步增长increase in the same pace外援方式modality of foreign aid无氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator无纸交易paperless transaction现代企业制度modern corporate system消费膨胀inflated consumption协议投标negotiated bidding信息化informationize形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场establish an unified, open market with orderly competition 亚欧会议ASEM：Asia-Europe Meeting亚太法定计量论坛APLMF：Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum亚太工商咨询理事会ABAC：APEC Business Advisory Council 亚太计量程序APMP：Asia Pacific Metrology Program亚太经合组织部长级会AMM：APEC MinisteriaI Meeting亚太经合组织经济领导人会议AELM：APEC Economic Leaders Meeting亚太经济合作组织APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太能源研究中心APERC：Asia Pacific Energy ResearchCenter亚太商业论坛ABF：APEC Business Forum亚太商业网络APB-Net：Asia-Pacific Business Network亚太实验室认可合作APLAC：Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation亚太通讯与数据系统ACDS：APEC Communications and Database System亚太信息基础设施APII：Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心ACTETSME：APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises亚洲开发银行ADB: Asian Development Bank以试点的形式实行外贸权自动登记制度implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis 营业税turnover tax在巩固公有制主体地位的同时,促进多种所有制经济共同发展alongside fortifying the status ofthe public ownership as the mainstay, it is also encouraged to witness common development of different systems of ownership债转股debt-to-equity swap中华人民共和国保护台湾同胞投资实施条例Implementation Rules of the P.R.C. on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan中介服务组织intermediary service organization注入新的生机与活力bring new vigor and vitality into转化经营机制change the method of operation资本项目capital account自1999年1月1日起实行come into official enforcement asof January 1, 1999自由浮动汇率free floating exchange rate; variable exchange rate自主经营,自负盈亏responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses走上良性发展的轨道going on the track of sound progressshipping service company 船务公司generic products非商标(非专利)产品prudent monetary policy稳健的货币政策deficit spending 超前消费run on banks(到银行)挤兑domestic support to agriculture 对农业的国内支持special bonds特种债券economy of abundance富裕经济Animal-based protein动物源性蛋白dual purpose exports 军民两用品出口dual-use goods and technology 军民两用产品和技术NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由贸易区global quota全球配额grandfather clause祖父条款Animal-derived food 动物源食品EVSL (Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization)部门提前自愿自由化TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)贸易和投资自由化和便利化常见缩略：C&F(cost&freight)成本加运费价T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇D/P(document against payment)付款交单D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等WT(weight)重量G.W.(gross weight)毛重N.W.(net weight)净重(customs declaration)报关单EA(each)每个，各W (with)具有w/o(without)没有FAC(facsimile)传真IMP(import)进口EXP（export）出口MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度M 或MED (medium)中等，中级的M/V（merchant vessel）商船S.S(steamship)船运MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨DOC (document)文件、单据INT（international）国际的P/L (packing list)装箱单、明细表INV (invoice)发票PCT (percent)百分比REF （reference）参考、查价EMS （express mail special）特快传递STL.(style)式样、款式、类型T或LTX或TX(telex)电传RMB（renminbi）人民币S/M （shipping marks）装船标记PR或PRC(price) 价格PUR (purchase)购买、购货S/C（sales contract）销售确认书L/C （letter of credit）信用证B/L （bill of lading）提单FOB （free on board）离岸价CIF （cost,insurance&freight）成本、保险加运费价GMO (genetically modified organism)转基因组织CAGA (compound annual growth average)年复合增长率口译笔译分类词汇（03）--改革开放词汇保险业The insurance industry保证重点支出Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款 Non—performing loan层层转包和违法分保Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting产值output value城乡信用社Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas 城镇居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查data from the sample survey出口信贷Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
口译翻译练习：中国城乡社会家庭结构与功能的变迁
中国城乡社会家庭结构与功能的变迁The Changes of the structures and functions of ChineseFamilies在上个世纪70年代中期开始实施的计划生育政策,以及工业化、城市化和现代化进程的双重推进下,近年来,中国城乡社会的家庭结构和家庭婚姻制度发生了巨大而深刻的变化:Under the promotion of both the introduction of Birth Control Policies in mid-1970s, and the process of industrialization, urbanization and modernization, the household functions and the marriage system in Chinese society have been undergoing dramatic changes in recent years.传统的大家庭模式越来越多地被以核心家庭为主的多样化的小家庭模式所取代;Traditional extended families have been increasingly replaced by various small household patterns, especiallynuclear families.与此相一致的是,以父辈为权威的大家庭越来越多地让位于以子女,特别是独生子女为中心的小家庭制度Correspondingly, big families with the elder as authorities are giving place to smaller families with children, especially the only children, as the centers.人口老龄化进程的加速与家庭制度的演变,使得养老问题的严峻性愈加凸现;The changes of family patterns, along with the acceleration of population aging in the country, make the provision of the elder a severe problem.传统的婚姻观念正在经受着现代价值观念和生活方式的冲击,结婚率、生育率下滑，和离婚率上升,使得婚姻制度的重要性在下降。
翻译二级口译综合能力-12
翻译二级口译综合能力-12(总分：84.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ(总题数：2，分数：16.00)（分数：10.00）(1).Despite the dramatic changes over 200 years, more and more Americans have moved out of the urban areas.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误√解析：[解析]About 200 years ago, about 95 percent of Americans lived on farms. There were only 24 urban areas, all of which were under 100,000 people. By mid-20th century, things had changed dramatically: 70 percent of the American public lived in urban areas. From 5 percent to 70 percent ! There were over 6,000 cities or urban areas.[分析] 数字信息的找寻和判断。
根据原文By mid-20th century，things had changed dramatically：70 percent of the American public lived in urban areas. From 5 percent to 70 percent!由此可知，美国经过200多年的发展，城市人口迅速增长，如今70％的美国人在城市中居住。
因此可判断，题干的说法与原文不符，是错误的。
[解题关键] 注意有关信息的收集，并根据数字进行简单判断。
(2).Leeds is the third largest city in Britain, after London and Edinburgh.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误√解析：[解析]Leeds is close to the geographical centre of Britain. It has good motorway and railway connections with the rest of the country, making it an ideal centre from which to visit other parts. It is 200 miles north of London and 200 miles south of Scotland's capital, Edinburgh.[分析] 特定信息的找寻和判断。
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中国城乡社会家庭结构与功能的变迁
The Changes of the structures and functions of Chinese
Families
在上个世纪70年代中期开始实施的计划生育政策,以及工业化、城市化和现代化进程的双重推进下,近年来,中国城乡社会的家庭结构和家庭婚姻制度发生了巨大而深刻的变化:
Under the promotion of both the introduction of Birth Control Policies in mid-1970s, and the process of industrialization, urbanization and modernization, the household functions and the marriage system in Chinese society have been undergoing dramatic changes in recent years.
传统的大家庭模式越来越多地被以核心家庭为主的多样化的小家庭模式所取代;
Traditional extended families have been increasingly replaced by various small household patterns, especially
nuclear families.
与此相一致的是,以父辈为权威的大家庭越来越多地让位于以子女,特别是独生子女为中心的小家庭制度
Correspondingly, big families with the elder as authorities are giving place to smaller families with children, especially the only children, as the centers.
人口老龄化进程的加速与家庭制度的演变,使得养老问题的严峻性愈加凸现;
The changes of family patterns, along with the acceleration of population aging in the country, make the provision of the elder a severe problem.
传统的婚姻观念正在经受着现代价值观念和生活方式的冲击,结婚率、生育率下滑，和离婚率上升,使得婚姻制度的重要性在下降。
Traditional values on marriage are under the impact of modern values and life styles. The importance of marriage is decreasing due to the decline of marriage rate and birth rate, and the rising of divorce rate.
一般来说,家庭有五种基本功能:生产功能、消费功能、人口再生产功能、养育子女和赡养老人的功能、满足家庭成员生理和心理需要的功能。
Generally, families have 5 basic functions, namely production, consumption, reproduction, provision for the young and elderly, satisfaction of the physical and mental needs of members.
在今天,社会化大生产和市场经济下的专业化分工,以及家庭结构和家庭制度的变迁,已经使得家庭的许多基本社会功能出现萎缩或被取代:
Today, some basic social functions of families have been weakened and even replaced due to mass
production and the specialization of production in market economy, as well as the changes in family structures and family patterns.
社会化大生产在城市中已基本取代了家庭的生产功能,家庭在很大程度上已不再是组织生产的基本单位;
Families are no longer the basic unit of social production, since mass production has already taken the place of the family function of production.
各式各样的教育机构大量出现,在很大程度上将家庭抚养和教育子女方面的责任转移至社会和市场,
The emergence of various educational institutions greatly transfers the duty of raising and teaching children
to the society and market.
单身和“丁克”家庭的逐渐扩大,未婚同居现象的大量出现, 表明家庭人口再生产的基本社会功能在一定程度上已被年轻一代所忽视;
The increase of one-person families and DINK families, and the emergence of cohabitation indicate the family function of reproduction has been neglected by the young generations.
核心家庭在很大程度上削弱甚至割裂了传统的大家庭中老人与子女的日常感情与责任链条;
Nuclear families undermine and even hinder the family bonds and responsibilities existing in the traditional big families.
大众传媒和各种娱乐设施,极大的转移和丰富了人们的生活内容,人们已经不再主要以家庭为唯一娱乐的场所。
Mass media and various recreation facilities greatly distract people and enrich their lives, so that families are no longer the only place to enjoy themselves.
服务经济的发展也使家务劳动大大减少
And the development of service industry greatly decreases the amount of house work.
总之,一方面家庭生活日益与整个社会融为一体,另一方面,人们传统的家庭责任意识也在淡化
To sum up, on one hand, family life in China is increasingly fusing into the society; on the other hand, people’s sense of responsibility in traditional families has been fading.
社会发展的基本趋向是,公众更乐于社会越来越多地分担家庭的功能,而不是相反。
The basic trend of social development is that people are content to share family functions with the whole society, not the other way around.
这种家庭婚姻功能的衰落,与西方一些国家上个世纪七、八十年代的社会状况有某种类似之处. 在追求经济发展、科技进步的物质文明过程中,人们付出了巨大的社会精神和心理上的代价,包括家庭.
The decline of the functions of family resembles what happened in western countries in 1970s to 1980s. When pursuing the advance of economy and technologies, people pay high costs, both social and mental, including families.
家庭制度的演变给这些国家带来了一系列社会问题, 如高离婚率、低结婚率、少年母亲、单亲家庭、艾滋病等大量出现。
其中许多至今尚未能治愈。
The changes of family patterns have brought series of social problems, such as high divorce rate, low marriage rate, teenage mothers, one-parent families and AIDS, some of which are still haunting.。