发表论文格式paper format
论文格式写法（Formatofpaper）
论文格式写法（Format of paper）Writing requirements, process and writing skillsIn general, it is content of science and technology works, are known as scientific writings, such as the original works (paper), presentations, comprehensive report, progress report, literature review, reviews, monographs, textbooks, and compilation of popular science readings. But only the original works and their presentations are original, primary and primary, involving intellectual property rights such as invention and invention. Of course, other things are important, but they are all processed, developed, and written for specific purposes and objects. The following is just about the writing of the thesis to talk about some experience. When discussing the paper writing, we are not prepared to discuss all the rules and regulations about the manuscript writing. I mainly talk about the problems and experiences that are easy to occur in the thesis writing, which are the normative questions of the writing ethics and writing content.First, the requirements of thesis writingThe following are described in the order of the structure of the thesis.(a) -- the subject have scientific papers, not "untitled". The title of the thesis is about 20 words. The title and content size should meet, try not to set subtitle no first report, second newspapers like. The problem with the form of tone, without exclamation or question marks, nor will the topic of scientific papers written advertising language or the languageused in the news reports.(two) papers - signed scientific papers should be presented with real names and authentic work units. Mainly reflects the responsibility, results attribution, and easy for future generations tracking research. In the strict sense of the author refers to the topic, literature review, demonstration, design, construction method and the experimental operation, data collating, summarizing, the whole written responsible person, should be the relevant problems cananswer papers. Now all the people who are going to work are listed, and they should be ranked by the size of the contribution. I got my permission to sign the paper. The academic director can be listed as the author of the paper or in general thanks to the actual situation. Administrative leaders usually do not sign.(three) the introduction of the paper is a fascinating statement of the thesis. It is very important to write well.A good introduction to an essay often gives the reader a good idea of where your job is going and where you are in the research direction. We should write down the basis, background, background and purpose of the thesis. Review the necessary literature and state the development of the problem. Text should be concise.(four) -- the materials and methods required to truthfully write the experiment object, animal and equipment, reagents and specifications, write the experiment method, index, judgment standard, write the experiment design grouping and statistical methods. These can be done according to the magazine rules for submission of papers.(five) -- the experimental results should be highly summarized, careful analysis on the logical. Should Qucuqujing, Quweicunzhen, but not because they do not meet their intentions and subjective choice, not to resort to deceit. Data obtained from technical failures or instrument failures, data obtained from technical failures or operational errors, and data that do not conform to the experimental conditions can be discarded. Moreover, when the problem is found, the reason is stated on the original record, and can not be arbitrarily eliminated because of the abnormal treatment in the summary process. When such data is discarded, the experimental data at the same time and under the same conditions should be discarded together.The experimental results of the arrangement should be closely linked to the theme, by cutting out the superfluous, some data not suitable for this paper, it can be used together to a hard line, not paper. We should try our best to use professional terms in our thesis. Do not use the chart, you can not use the chart, it is best not to use charts, so as not to take up more space, increasing the difficulty of typesetting. Text, tables and graphs do not duplicate each other. In the experiment, such special circumstances as accidents and unexpected changes should be made necessary. Do not throw them away at will.(six) the paper discussion is an important and difficult part of the thesis. We should bear in mind the overall situation, grasp the main controversial problems, from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge discourse. Analyze and reason the results of the experiment without repeating the results of the experiment.We should discuss the results and views of relevant domestic and international literatures, and point out our own views, especially we should not avoid the opposite view. In the discussion of the thesis, we can put forward the hypothesis and put forward the development plan of this subject, but the propriety should be appropriate and can not be written as "science fiction" or "imagination"".(seven) the conclusion of the thesis - conclusion or conclusion, should be written out clear and reliable results, and draw conclusive conclusions. The text of the paper should be concise and can be written one by one. Don't use vague words like "nodules".(eight) the thesis is a reference and a part of the thesis. It is also an important part of the thesis. The purpose of listing the thesis is to let readers know the ins and outs of the research topic of the thesis, and facilitate the search. At the same time, it also respects the work of previous generations and has an accurate orientation of their work. Therefore, there are both technical problems and scientific and moral problems.Almost always, in a paper, references are needed. As to the be the most important and most directly related to the introduction of the literature; in the method or reference method used by lead; lead the comparison with literature data and sometimes in the results; in the discussion should lead all the related support or conflicting results or view etc..All the literature not be negligent, not intentional; lead,self innovation; belittle others, raise their posturing practices; evade the crucial point, is wrong. This phenomenon is now in many papers or see somewhat, this should be viewed as taboo research workers. Among them, it is more obvious and easy to find out the errors of not searching the literature, omitting the important documents, deliberately excluding other people's literature or intentionally belittling others' work. Some of the rules are relatively subtle, such as to be referred to in the introduction and brought to the discussion. This will be the original basis or pilot your paper, and the position you put on an equal footing. Further more, scientific research has developed gradually, and your work has always been developed on the basis of previous work. The correct wording should be what someone has done to the subject in a given year, and what results have been made by someone on this year. Now I have done the research on their basis. This is a practical and realistic attitude, and it does not detract from your contribution. Some authors don't say so, but they say that someone has done something that hasn't been done in a certain year and that someone has done it again in a certain year, but it hasn't been made yet. Now I have made it. This is not an attitude of seeking truth from facts. So sometimes can deceive some uninformed layman, but just a poke in the pedestrian, paper tiger on the break, the results of self defeating, loss of credibility. This phenomenon is not uncommon in real life.(nine) the paper is a representative of the advisor, technical assistant, special reagent or equipment provider, financial sponsor and important suggestion. The acknowledgements of the thesis should be sincere, genuine, and not vulgar. Don't give thanks in general, but don't just thank the professor. Beforeyou write your thesis, you must be thanked by the person who has thanked you. You can't take the flag for the tiger skin.(ten) a summary or summary of the thesis: a brief summary of the full text is made up of 200 words or so. Often put the first article. Abstracts need to be carefully written and attractive. To let the reader see the abstract of the paper, like to see the epitome of the paper, or read the abstract of the paper, want to continue to read the relevant parts of the paper. In addition, a few key words should be given. The key words should be written in real key terms.Two, the key to good writing(1) essay writing - materials, ideas, and writingsMaterial is the foundation of writing a good paper, and the viewpoint is the soul of the paper. Materials and opinions are the content of the thesis, and the text is the form of the thesis. Form is content, and content should be expressed in form. The perfect combination of the three is the unity of content and form.The material comes from experiments. The design has a direct impact on the efficiency and quality of material acquisition. The whole thesis is composed of several work units,Each work unit is accumulated from each experimental material. So be good with everyday experiments. Take into account the possible position of this data in future papers, and collect and save every image record carefully. The material should beauthentic and reliable and the data should be adequate. With the exception, we must promptly analyze and deal with it, we must ensure that the results are credible, to eliminate the illusion. A paper should have new phenomena, new treatments, new effects and new ideas.The view should be clear and objective and dialectical. Neither can nor avoid different opinions. From the thesis to the conclusion, there are views everywhere, so the point of view is the soul of the paper, and it runs through. Discuss ideas don't argue, do not justify, and avoid one sidedness and subjectivity and arbitrariness. Compare with the views in the domestic and overseas literatures, compare with the past views of your laboratory. In contrast, analysis of similarities and differences, raise awareness. Don't be afraid of wrong ideas. Don't be afraid to correct them. A hundred schools of thought contend, and truth is understood through contention.The text of the paper should be natural and fluent". But also not gorgeous carving, is to "Writings are for conveying truth". The paper should be logical, well organized, simple and true, appropriate and appropriate.(two) thesis writing - Preparation and writingThe key to good or bad writing is preparation. People who write papers usually have three steps. The write thoughtful, full play in the global chest; the idea to pick up the pen, write one; the draft after a long time, Yin repeatedly read, thoroughly tempered.People who can't write papers are vice versa. The stomach empty mind, noisy, written thousands of pounds. They picked up their pens and began to write. Write stop, stop, write. Suddenly looking for materials, and suddenly check the data, and suddenly make up the experiment. Suddenly tear off a page, and suddenly copy a few words. Suddenly son cries, Saotoumoer, biting pen, pacing. The difference between the two is the difference in readiness, which many of the early writers were not aware of. There are three stages to good preparation for writing a paper.1. essay writing -- recent (written) preparationThe preparation of a period of time before the end of the experiment and the beginning of the writing of the thesis. Materials should be collected, data processed, charts prepared and statistical processing completed. And then lay the plan, list the outline, clear the basic ideas and main conclusions. Discuss and reach consensus with mentors and collaborators. After careful consideration, at. The "plan to fight" is the key stage of writing. At this point all work and data should be taken into account and the whole situation in the chest. It's like before the battle started operations curtain hat, is the author of the most tense moments of mental labor.2. essay writing - Preparation for the medium termPeople who write papers don't start thinking about writing papers until they finish the experiment, but they consider writing papers in the course of their research work. The "subject" and "Introduction" is a concise thinking argument."Materials and methods" are formed in the search for methods and methods of construction. The experimental results are accumulated and arranged in the process of experiment design, experiment operation, stage induction and data arrangement. "Discussion" is usually thought, with the surrounding personnel often discuss, inspection and analysis of the literature after the process at the end of this paper and is expressed several main viewpoints of many problems will be considered in the form of discussion. The conclusion is only necessary to sum up the final result. Therefore, people who write papers will continue to form the final thesis in the course of their research. This whole process is the mid-term preparation of the paper. It is obvious that the mid-term preparation begins with the beginning of the thesis and ends with the end of the subject. The end of the topic, that is, when the mid-term preparations for the completion of the paper.3. thesis writing - long term (class) preparationIf you only focus on the preparation of the paper and the preparation for the mid-term, you can't write excellent papers,This depends on the author's long-term preparation, that is, the basis for the preparation of the learning phase. Such preparation refers to the mastery of research dynamics, the accumulation of specialized foundations, and the overall level of ability in logical thinking, expression, analysis and synthesis. This is not something that can be achieved overnight, but accumulated and trained for life. This is why we need to emphasize "having read more than ten thousand books, writing if there is God", "Erguo to study poetry, martial arts inpoetry.". These efforts usually determine the writing level of the author's thesis, and the level of writing affects the dissemination of the thesis. This ability is not just when high, but the hard work at a young age.(three) thesis writing -- reviewing and modifyingOne is to write the manuscript after repeated modifications, the thoroughly tempered. Not only should he repeatedly temper, but also should ask the relevant personnel to make comments, and finally through the Editorial Department invited relevant experts to review. When the paper is revised, all aspects of writing specifications and length should be modified according to the requirements prescribed by the publication. As the author of the paper, the experimental data which he has worked hard is certainly very precious, and he hopes to express it as much as possible in his thesis. But the reviewers often put forward some merger or A bystander is always clear-minded., delete the comments. At this point, the author should calmly consider the inclusion of the paper and do not include it. Write a paper only by cutting out the superfluous Sanqiu tree "," new leadership "to open the" February flower".Reviewers often also make comments on what they say. This requires careful consideration and decision on whether to adopt the amendment. After all, the author has had long-term practice and thinking about his work, and gradually formed a point of view. It should be said that these views are well founded. As long as the basis, It stands to reason., the reviewer comments to explain their own opinion. But sometimes the authors own station at the corner, get more and more ideas. The reviewerslooked at the issue from a higher angle and pointed out the problems in the thesis and view point by point. This is also true. Then the author should seriously consider the views of the essence, adjust their thinking, decide batted. Neither stubborn nor fawning. Hold the attitude of exploring truth, communicate with each other and improve together.Through the review, some opinions of a little modification can be made. Some of the changes should be made before publication. Some papers even believe that basic facts are unreliable or that basic ideas are incorrect and cannot be published. The author of this thesis should analyze these views calmly and handle them properly. Everything should adhere to a scientific and realistic attitude. If you confirm the results and opinions are correct, then in the rejection after he switched. At the same time can not be a draft two cast.。
毕业正确论文格式_论文格式_
毕业正确论文格式
古典文学中常见论文这个词，当代，论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称为论文。
以下就是由编为您提供的正确论文格式。
1、封面及题目：
(设计)封面由学校统一印制。
毕业论文的标题为黑体小二号字体，字数不超过20个，英文标题采用times new roman体小三号。
2、摘要：
中、外文摘要，内容包括研究工作目的、研究方法、结果和结论。
要求扼要叙述本论文的主要内容、特点，语言力求精练。
摘要应具有独立性，即不阅读论文的全文就能获得论文所能提供的主要信息。
中文摘要在200字左右，外文摘要不宜超过150个实词。
“摘要”二字用小四号黑体，内容用小四号宋体，“关键词”三个字用小四号黑体，内容用小四号宋体。
关键词要符合学科分类，一般为2—5个，均为专业名词(或词组),关键词间用“;”隔开。
(见摘要附件示例)。
3、目录：
应是论文的提纲，也是论文组成部分的小标题。
目录列至四级标题，以阿拉伯数字分级标出(见附件目录示例)。
4、引言：
在论文正文前。
应阐述本课题来源、研究目的、意义、对本研究国内外研究现状有针对性的简要综合评述和本论文所要解决的问题等。
英语论文格式范文
英语论文格式范文Abstract:This paper aims to provide a sample English research paper format, including the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. The focus of this research paper is to demonstrate the appropriate structure and formatting for an academic English paper.1. IntroductionThe introduction section of an English research paper serves to provide background information on the topic, present the research problem or question, and articulate the objectives of the study. Additionally, it should include a brief review of relevant literature and end with a clear thesis statement that states the main argument or purpose of the paper.2. Literature ReviewIn the literature review section, previous studies and scholarly articles related to the research topic are presented. This section is crucial in providing a comprehensive understanding of the existing knowledge and identifying any research gaps or inconsistencies. It is important to cite and reference all sources properly using the appropriate citation style, such as APA or MLA.3. MethodologyThe methodology section explains the research design, data collection methods, and the process through which the research will be conducted. Itshould provide sufficient detail so that others can replicate the study if desired. The specific research instruments, such as surveys, interviews, or experiments, should be described along with any ethical considerations.4. ResultsThe results section presents the findings of the research in a clear and concise manner. Data can be presented in tables, graphs, or charts to enhance the readability of the information. Statistical analyses should be included if applicable, along with any significant results or trends observed.5. DiscussionThe discussion section allows the researcher to interpret the results and connect them to the research question or hypothesis. It is important to analyze the significance and implications of the findings in relation to the existing literature. Any limitations or potential biases should be acknowledged, and suggestions for future research can be proposed.6. ConclusionIn the conclusion section, the main points of the research paper are summarized, and the significance of the findings is emphasized. This section should also address the research question or hypothesis and provide a final evaluation of the research objectives. Recommendations for further study or practical applications may also be mentioned.ReferencesAll sources cited in the paper should be listed in the references section according to the specific citation style guidelines. Pay particular attention toaccuracy and consistency in formatting the references, including author names, publication dates, titles, and sources.In conclusion, this paper has provided a sample English research paper format to serve as a guide for students and researchers. Adhering to the appropriate structure and formatting is essential for creating a professional and coherent academic paper. Remember to adjust the content and sections according to the specific requirements of each study or research topic.。
Paper 格式要求
强大且简练的英文论文格式！
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————来自撒撒的迷妹分享
一、论文的题目要求
1、论文题目以最恰当、最简明的词语反映论文中最重要的特定内容的逻辑组合，并有助于选定关键词和编制目录
2、论文题目不能用缩略词、首字母缩略词、字符、代号和公式等
3、论文题目一般不超过20个字
4、论文题目语义未尽可用副标题补充说明
二、论文摘要的要求
应具有独立性和自含性，是一篇完整的短文，它说明论文的主要思想、结构框架，或研究工作的目的、实验方法、结果和最终结论
三、论文的关键词
每篇论文必须选中3--5个中、英文关键词，以显著的字符另起一行，排在其对应摘要的左下方，中文关键词尽可能用《汉语主题词表》等词表提到的规范词
四、论文的字体及字号格式
1、英文统一使用Microsoft Word软件中的Times New Roman字体，所用中文使用“宋体”字体
2、内封大标题使用“粗体三号字”，内封其他信息使用“粗体四号字”
3、正文大标题使用“粗体小三号字”，章节标题使用“粗体四号字”
4、正文使用字体为Times New Roma，大小为12 font（也就是小四）“小四号字”，正文中成段的引文使用“五号字”
5、行距为1.5 或2倍行距，段与段之间需要空一行
6、对齐方式为左对齐或者两侧对齐（总之，左起必须顶格）
7、Reference（参考文献）必须另起一页，且不计入文章字数
注意：写论文中最好都别写简写啦！就像雅思考试哦筒子们！！还有我加红色的地方，是我总会忘记的emmmmmm常识啊！！！！。
英文论文标准格式范文
英文论文标准格式范文The Standard Format of English Academic Paper。
Abstract。
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive guide to the standard format of an English academic paper. It covers the essential elements such as title, abstract, introduction, body, conclusion, and references. By following this standard format, authors can ensure that their papers are well-organized, coherent, and professional.Introduction。
The standard format of an English academic paper is crucial for presenting research findings effectively. It helps to structure the paper in a logical and coherent manner, making it easier for readers to follow the argument and understand the key points. Adhering to the standard format also demonstrates the author's professionalism and attention to detail.Title。
The title of the paper should be concise, informative, and engaging. It should clearly indicate the topic of the research and attract the reader's attention. The title should be centered at the top of the first page, in bold and title case.Abstract。
英文论文格式范文
英文论文格式范文《English Paper Format Sample》Title: The Impact of Technology on Language Learning Introduction:Technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, and its impact on education, specifically language learning, has been substantial. This paper aims to explore the influence of technology on language learning and the ways in which it has revolutionized the way individuals acquire and master a new language.Body:1. The Role of Technology in Language LearningIn the past, language learning primarily involved textbooks, audio tapes, and face-to-face interactions with teachers. However, with the advent of technology, individuals now have access to a wide array of resources such as language learning apps, online courses, and interactive software. These tools have not only made language learning more accessible but also more engaging and personalized.2. The Benefits of Technology in Language Learning Technology has transformed the traditional methods of language learning by providing learners with the ability to practice listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in a virtual environment. Additionally, learners can interact with native speakers throughvideo calls and social media platforms, enabling them to immerse themselves in the language and culture.3. The Challenges of Technology in Language LearningWhile technology has undeniably improved language learning, it also presents challenges such as the potential for distraction and information overload. Furthermore, some individuals may struggle to adapt to new software or feel overwhelmed by the multitude of options available.Conclusion:In conclusion, technology has revolutionized the way individuals learn languages by providing them with innovative and interactive resources. While it has its challenges, the benefits of technology in language learning far outweigh its drawbacks. As technology continues to advance, its impact on language learning will only become more profound.References:Smith, J. (2019). The Impact of Technology on Language Learning. Journal of Language Education, 15(2), 67-78.Brown, S. (2018). Language Learning in the Digital Age. New York: Routledge.。
投稿须知02：APA_论文格式中文版（APA_PAPER_FORMAT_-_CHINESE）
投稿须知02：APA_论文格式中文版（APA_PAPER_FORMAT_-_CHINESE）页头书名：论文短标题（不超过50个字符）标题作者作者关系摘要摘要应该是一个段落，不能超过120个字。
它概括了论文中最重要的组成部分。
除作为句子起头的数字之外，摘要中所有数字都应该以阿拉伯数字而不是文字的形式输入。
要统计本段的字数，可以选择该段落，然后在“工具”菜单上单击“字数统计”。
论文标题论文的开头是序言。
在写作时应使用主动语态，不要用被动语态。
该模板的格式遵照APA样式准则：上、下、左、右的页边距都为1英寸；字体为“宋体”，大小为12磅；2倍行距；左对齐；段落缩进5-7个空格。
页码显示在距每页首行右侧1英寸的位置，不包括图页。
标题使用标题和副标题组织论文的各个部分。
第一级标题的格式是首字母大写并且在页面上居中。
不要为每个标题另起一页。
副标题副标题的格式为斜体，左对齐。
引用论文正文所引用的原始著作必须注明作者和日期。
论文正文后面的引用列表中会列出整个原著的引用。
当原著作者姓名是句子形式结构的一部分时，出版年份应该在作者姓名后用括号标明，例如，Smith(2001)。
当原著作者姓名不是句子形式结构的组成部分时，作者及出版年份都可以放在括号内，用分号隔开，例如：（Smith和Jones，2001；Anderson、Charles和Johnson，2003）。
当引用的原著有3到5个作者时，第一次引用时须注明所有作者。
再次引用时，只须提及第一个作者的姓名，后面注明“等人”字样。
请参见下一段中的举例。
使用此标准APA样式“将会给导师留下良好的印象”(S mith,2001)。
Anderson教授（Anderson、Charles和Johnson，2003）在2003年也确认了这一点。
当引用的原著作有两个作者时，则每次引用时都应指出两位作者的姓名。
如果是6位或更多的作者，则每次引用时都只提及首位作者的姓名外加“等人”字样。
发表论文排版格式推荐_论文格式_
发表论文排版格式推荐
1.论文格式——题目：
题目应当简明、具体、确切地反映出本文的特定内容，一般不宜超过20字，如果题目语意未尽，用副题补充说明。
2.论文格式——作者：
署名的作者只限于那些选定研究课题和制订研究方案、直接参加全部或主要研究工作、做出主要贡献，并了解论文报告的全部内容，能对全部内容负责解答的人。
其他参加工作的人员，可列入附注或致谢部分。
3.论文格式——摘要：
摘要应具有独立性和自含性，有数据结论，是一篇完整的短文。
摘要一般200-300字.摘要中不用图、表、化学结构式、非公知公用的符号和术语。
期刊论文格式模板
期刊论文格式模板Title: Journal Paper Format TemplateIntroduction:In academic research, submitting a paper to a journal requires adhering to a specific format template. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide to the format requirements of a journal paper. By following these guidelines, researchers can ensure that their work meets the expectations of the publishing journal.Abstract:The abstract should succinctly summarize the research topic, methodology, results, and conclusions of the study. It should be written in a concise and informative manner, limited to 250-300 words.Keywords:Include a list of relevant keywords that accurately describe the main themes of the paper. These keywords assist in indexing and improving the searchability of the article.1. Introduction:In this section, the author introduces the research problem, provides background information, and highlights the significance of the study. The introduction should generate interest among readers and clearly state the objectives of the research.2. Literature Review:This section presents a comprehensive review of the existing literature relevant to the research topic. It demonstrates the author's understanding of previous studies, identifies research gaps, and sets the context for the current investigation.3. Methodology:This section outlines the research design, materials, and methods employed in the study. It should provide sufficient details to enable other researchers to replicate the experiment. Include information on data collection, sample size, statistical analyses, and ethical considerations.4. Results:Present the findings of the study in a clear and concise manner. Use tables, graphs, and figures to enhance the presentation of data. Ensure that the results section is logically organized, highlighting key observations and trends.5. Discussion:Interpret the results obtained and relate them back to the research questions or hypotheses. Discuss the implications of the findings, including their strengths, limitations, and potential future research directions. Compare the results with previous studies and offer possible explanations for any discrepancies.6. Conclusion:Summarize the main findings of the study and restate their significance. Highlight the contributions made by the research, outline any practical or theoretical implications, and suggest areas for further investigation.7. References:Ensure that all sources cited in the paper are listed in a separate references section. Follow the citation style specified by the journal guidelines, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. Double-check the accuracy of each reference to avoid any citation errors.8. Acknowledgments:If necessary, acknowledge individuals or organizations that have made significant contributions to the research, funding sources, or research ethics committees.9. Appendices:Include any additional supporting material that is not essential for the main body of the paper but can provide supplementary information or data.10. Formatting and Style:- Use a clear and legible font, such as Times New Roman or Arial, with a font size of 12 points.- Set margins to 1 inch on all sides.- Align text to justify.- Insert page numbers in the header or footer as per journal requirements.- Adhere to any additional style guidelines provided by the journal, such as section numbering, headings, or subheadings.Conclusion:Submitting a journal paper that meets the required format template is crucial to the acceptance and publication of research. By following the guidelines outlined in this article, researchers can effectively structure their papers, ensuring clarity, coherence, and adherence to the journal's requirements.。
国际会议论文投稿要求及格式
Your Paper's Title Starts Here: Please Centeruse Helvetica (Arial) 14FULL First Author1, a *, FULL Second Author2,b and FULL Last Author3,c1Full address of first author, including country2Full address of second author, including country3List all distinct addresses in the same waya email,b email,c email* please mark the corresponding author with an asteriskKeywords:List the keywords covered in your paper. These keywords will also be used by the publisher to produce a keyword index.For the rest of the paper, please use Times Roman (Times New Roman) 12Abstract.This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. Please make the page settings of your word processor to A4 format (21 x 29,7 cm or 8 x 11 inches); with the margins: bottom 1.5 cm (0.59 in) and top 2.5 cm (0.98 in), right/left margins must be 2 cm (0.78 in).We shall be able to publish your paper in electronic form on our web page , if the paper format and the margins are correct.Your manuscript will be reduced by approximately 20% by the publisher. Please keep this in mind when designing your figures and tables etc.IntroductionAll manuscripts must be in English, also the table and figure texts, otherwise we cannot publish your paper.Please keep a second copy of your manuscript in your office. When receiving the paper, we assume that the corresponding authors grant us the copyright to use the paper for the book or journal in question. Should authors use tables or figures from other Publications, they must ask the corresponding publishers to grant them the right to publish this material in their paper.Use italic for emphasizing a word or phrase. Do not use boldface typing or capital letters except for section headings (cf. remarks on section headings, below).Organization of the TextSection Headings. The section headings are in boldface capital and lowercase letters. Second level headings are typed as part of the succeeding paragraph (like the subsection heading of this paragraph).Page Numbers. Do not number your paper:Tables. Tables (refer with: Table 1, Table 2, ...) should be presented as part of the text, but in such a way as to avoid confusion with the text. A descriptive title should be placed above each table. Units in tables should be given in square brackets [meV]. If square brackets are not available, use curly {meV} or standard brackets (meV).Special Signs. for example , αγμΩ () ≥ ± ● Γ {1120}should always be written in with the fonts Times New Roman or Arial, especially also in the figures and tables.Macros. Do not use any macros for the figures and tables. (We will not be able to convert such papers into our system)Language. All text, figures and tables must be in English.Figures. Figures (refer with: Fig. 1, Fig. 2, ...) also should be presented as part of the text, leaving enough space so that the caption will not be confused with the text. The caption should be self-contained and placed below or beside the figure. Generally, only original drawings or photographic reproductions are acceptable. Only very good photocopies are acceptable. Utmost care must be taken to insert the figures in correct alignment with the text. Half-tone pictures should be in the form of glossy prints. If possible, please include your figures as graphic images in the electronic version. For best quality the pictures should have a resolution of 300 dpi(dots per inch).Color figures are welcome for the online version of the journal. Generally, these figures will be reduced to black and white for the print version. The author should indicate on the checklist if he wishes to have them printed in full color and make the necessary payments in advance.Equations. Equations (refer with: Eq. 1, Eq. 2, ...) should be indented 5 mm (0.2"). There should be one line of space above the equation and one line of space below it before the text continues. The equations have to be numbered sequentially, and the number put in parentheses at the right-hand edge of the text. Equations should be punctuated as if they were an ordinary part of the text. Punctuation appears after the equation but before the equation number. The use of Microsoft Equation is allowed.c2 = a2 + b2. (1)Literature ReferencesReferences are cited in the text just by square brackets [1]. (If square brackets are not available, slashes may be used instead, e.g. /2/.) Two or more references at a time may be put in one set of brackets [3,4]. The references are to be numbered in the order in which they are cited in the text and are to be listed at the end of the contribution under a heading References, see our example below. SummaryIf you follow the “checklist” your paper will conform to the requirements of the publisher and facilitate a problem-free publication process.References[1] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, The art of writing a scientific article, J. Sci. Commun. 163 (2000) 51-59.Reference to a book:[2] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, third ed., Macmillan, New York, 1979. Reference to a chapter in an edited book:[3] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age, E-Publishing Inc., New York, 1999, pp. 281-304.[4] R.J. Ong, J.T. Dawley and P.G. Clem: submitted to Journal of Materials Research (2003)[5] P.G. Clem, M. Rodriguez, J.A. Voigt and C.S. Ashley, U.S. Patent 6,231,666. (2001)[6] Information on 。
APA 论文格式中文版(APA PAPER FORMAT - CHINESE)
页头书名：论文短标题（不超过 50 个字符）标题作者作者关系摘要摘要应该是一个段落，不能超过 120 个字。
它概括了论文中最重要的组成部分。
除作为句子起头的数字之外，摘要中所有数字都应该以阿拉伯数字而不是文字的形式输入。
要统计本段的字数，可以选择该段落，然后在“工具”菜单上单击“字数统计”。
论文标题论文的开头是序言。
在写作时应使用主动语态，不要用被动语态。
该模板的格式遵照 APA 样式准则：上、下、左、右的页边距都为 1 英寸；字体为“宋体”，大小为 12 磅；2 倍行距；左对齐；段落缩进 5-7 个空格。
页码显示在距每页首行右侧 1 英寸的位置，不包括图页。
标题使用标题和副标题组织论文的各个部分。
第一级标题的格式是首字母大写并且在页面上居中。
不要为每个标题另起一页。
副标题副标题的格式为斜体，左对齐。
引用论文正文所引用的原始著作必须注明作者和日期。
论文正文后面的引用列表中会列出整个原著的引用。
当原著作者姓名是句子形式结构的一部分时，出版年份应该在作者姓名后用括号标明，例如，Smith (2001)。
当原著作者姓名不是句子形式结构的组成部分时，作者及出版年份都可以放在括号内，用分号隔开，例如：（Smith 和 Jones，2001；Anderson、Charles 和 Johnson，2003）。
当引用的原著有 3 到 5 个作者时，第一次引用时须注明所有作者。
再次引用时，只须提及第一个作者的姓名，后面注明“等人”字样。
请参见下一段中的举例。
使用此标准 APA 样式“将会给导师留下良好的印象”(Smith, 2001)。
Anderson 教授（Anderson、Charles 和 Johnson，2003）在 2003 年也确认了这一点。
当引用的原著作有两个作者时，则每次引用时都应指出两位作者的姓名。
如果是 6位或更多的作者，则每次引用时都只提及首位作者的姓名外加“等人”字样。
使用直接引用时，引用中应包括作者、年份、页码。
论文格式模板文件
Your Paper's Title Starts Here: Please Centeruse Helvetica (Arial) 14FULL First Author1, a, FULL Second Author2,b and Last Author3,c1Full address of first author, including country2Full address of second author, including country3List all distinct addresses in the same waya email,b email,c emailKeywords:List the keywords covered in your paper. These keywords will also be used by the publisher to produce a keyword index.For the rest of the paper, please use Times Roman (Times New Roman) 12Abstract.This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications.. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. Please make the page settings of your word processor to A4 format (21 x 29,7 cm or 8 x 11 inches); with the margins: bottom 1.5 cm (0.59 in) and top 2.5 cm (0.98 in), right/left margins must be 2 cm (0.78 in).We shall be able to publish your paper in electronic form on our web page , if the paper format and the margins are correct.Your manuscript will be reduced by approximately 20% by the publisher. Please keep this in mind when designing your figures and tables etc.IntroductionAll manuscripts must be in English, also the table and figure texts, otherwise we cannot publish your paper.Please keep a second copy of your manuscript in your office. When receiving the paper, we assume that the corresponding authors grant us the copyright to use the paper for the book or journal in question. Should authors use tables or figures from other Publications, they must ask the corresponding publishers to grant them the right to publish this material in their paper.Use italic for emphasizing a word or phrase. Do not use boldface typing or capital letters except for section headings (cf. remarks on section headings, below).Organization of the TextSection Headings. The section headings are in boldface capital and lowercase letters. Second level headings are typed as part of the succeeding paragraph (like the subsection heading of this paragraph).Page Numbers. Do not number your paper:Tables. Tables (refer with: Table 1, Table 2, ...) should be presented as part of the text, but in such a way as to avoid confusion with the text. A descriptive title should be placed above each table. Units in tables should be given in square brackets [meV]. If square brackets are not available, use curly {meV} or standard brackets (meV).Special Signs. for example , αγμΩ () ≥ ±●Γ {1120}should always be written in with the fonts Times New Roman or Arial, especially also in the figures and tables.Macros.. Do not use any macros for the figures and tables. (We will not be able to convert such papers into our system)Language. All text, figures and tables must be in English.Figures. Figures (refer with: Fig. 1, Fig. 2, ...) also should be presented as part of the text, leaving enough space so that the caption will not be confused with the text. The caption should be self-contained and placed below or beside the figure. Generally, only original drawings or photographic reproductions are acceptable. Only very good photocopies are acceptable. Utmost care must be taken to insert the figures in correct alignment with the text. Half-tone pictures should be in the form of glossy prints. If possible, please include your figures as graphic images in the electronic version. For best quality the pictures should have a resolution of 300 dpi(dots per inch).Color figures are welcome for the online version of the journal. Generally, these figures will be reduced to black and white for the print version. The author should indicate on the checklist if he wishes to have them printed in full color and make the necessary payments in advance.Equations. Equations (refer with: Eq. 1, Eq. 2, ...) should be indented 5 mm (0.2"). There should be one line of space above the equation and one line of space below it before the text continues. The equations have to be numbered sequentially, and the number put in parentheses at the right-hand edge of the text. Equations should be punctuated as if they were an ordinary part of the text. Punctuation appears after the equation but before the equation number, e.g.c2 = a2 + b2. (1)Literature ReferencesReferences are cited in the text just by square brackets [1]. (If square brackets are not available, slashes may be used instead, e.g. /2/.) Two or more references at a time may be put in one set of brackets [3,4]. The references are to be numbered in the order in which they are cited in the text and are to be listed at the end of the contribution under a heading References, see our example below. SummaryIf you follow the “c hecklist”your paper will conform to the requirements of the publisher and facilitate a problem-free publication process.References[1] Dj.M. Maric, P.F. Meier and S.K. Estreicher: Mater. Sci. Forum Vol. 83-87 (1992), p. 119[2] M.A. Green: High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells (Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland 1987).[3] Y. Mishing, in: Diffusion Processes in Advanced Technological Materials, edtied by D. GuptaNoyes Publications/William Andrew Publising, Norwich, NY (2004), in press.[4] G. Henkelman, G.Johannesson and H. Jónsson, in: Theoretical Methods in Condencsed PhaseChemistry, edited by S.D. Schwartz, volume 5 of Progress in Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, chapter, 10, Kluwer Academic Publishers (2000).[5] R.J. Ong, J.T. Dawley and P.G. Clem: submitted to Journal of Materials Research (2003)[6] P.G. Clem, M. Rodriguez, J.A. Voigt and C.S. Ashley, U.S. Patent 6,231,666. (2001)[7] Information on 。
国家标准毕业论文格式模板范文
加上自己学校的logo ，或者更换整个封面学士学位论文论文排版机器人PaperYes 制作的本校论文模板作者XX 指导教师::(宋体四号加粗 )〔XX、专业技术职务、工作单位〕学位类别 :专业:学院〔系〕:((宋体四号加粗 )宋体四号加粗 )XXX大学 XXX学院20XX年X月XXX大学学位论文原创性声明本人X重声明：所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进展研究工作所取得的成果。
尽我所知，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。
对论文所涉及的研究工作做出奉献的其他个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明或致谢。
本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承当。
作者签名：日期：中国科学院大学学位论文授权使用声明本人完全了解并同意遵守 XXX大学有关保存和使用学位论文的规定，即 XXXX 大学有权保存送交学位论文的副本，允许该论文被查阅，可以按照学术研究公开原那么和保护知识产权的原那么公布该论文的全部或局部内容，可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存、汇编本学位论文。
涉密及延迟公开的学位论文在解密或延迟期后适用本声明。
作者签名：日期：导师签名：日期：摘要摘要本论文主要内容是基于本高校的论文格式要求，利用论文排版机器人PaperYes的人工智能引擎排版出来的论文模板。
各位同学可以通过此模板撰写论文，只需将自己撰写的论文内容填充到相应的标题下面就可以了，帮助同学们解决论文排版的困扰。
如果有的同学不会用此模板编辑论文，可以选择PaperYes论文排版，根据您所在高校的格式要求,自动生成目录和页眉页脚,解决奇偶页难题，智能编排标题、图、表和公式,适配字体字号和段落等，10 秒搞定，平安高效。
关键词：论文排版；机器人； PaperYes；论文模板AbstractThe main content of this paper is based on the requirement of paper format in our university, using the artificial intelligence engine of PaperYes, a paper typesetting robot, to compose the paper template. Students can use this template to write papers, just fill the content of the papers under the corresponding headings, to help students solve the problem of paper typesetting. If some students do not use this template to edit papers, you can choose PaperYes paper typesetting. According to the format requirements of your university, automatically generate directories and headers and footers, solve the odd and even page problems, intelligently arrange titles, graphs, tables and formulas, and adapt font size and paragraph, etc., 10 seconds to complete, safe and efficient.Key words: PaperYes; Layout Technology; AIrtificialIntelligence; Research; Based on;AbstractThe main content of this paper is based on the requirement of paper format in our university, using the artificial intelligence engine of PaperYes, a paper typesetting robot, to compose the paper template. Students can use this template to write papers, just fill the content of the papers under the corresponding headings, to help students solve the problem of paper typesetting. If some students do not use this template to edit papers, you can choose PaperYes paper typesetting. According to the format requirements of your university, automatically generate directories and headers and footers, solve the odd and even page problems, intelligently arrange titles, graphs, tables and formulas, and adapt font size and paragraph, etc., 10 seconds to complete, safe and efficient.Key words: PaperYes; Layout Technology; AIrtificialIntelligence; Research; Based on;AbstractThe main content of this paper is based on the requirement of paper format in our university, using the artificial intelligence engine of PaperYes, a paper typesetting robot, to compose the paper template. Students can use this template to write papers, just fill the content of the papers under the corresponding headings, to help students solve the problem of paper typesetting. If some students do not use this template to edit papers, you can choose PaperYes paper typesetting. According to the format requirements of your university, automatically generate directories and headers and footers, solve the odd and even page problems, intelligently arrange titles, graphs, tables and formulas, and adapt font size and paragraph, etc., 10 seconds to complete, safe and efficient.Key words: PaperYes; Layout Technology; AIrtificialIntelligence; Research; Based on;AbstractThe main content of this paper is based on the requirement of paper format in our university, using the artificial intelligence engine of PaperYes, a paper typesetting robot, to compose the paper template. Students can use this template to write papers, just fill the content of the papers under the corresponding headings, to help students solve the problem of paper typesetting. If some students do not use this template to edit papers, you can choose PaperYes paper typesetting. According to the format requirements of your university, automatically generate directories and headers and footers, solve the odd and even page problems, intelligently arrange titles, graphs, tables and formulas, and adapt font size and paragraph, etc., 10 seconds to complete, safe and efficient.Key words: PaperYes; Layout Technology; AIrtificialIntelligence; Research; Based on;AbstractThe main content of this paper is based on the requirement of paper format in our university, using the artificial intelligence engine of PaperYes, a paper typesetting robot, to compose the paper template. Students can use this template to write papers, just fill the content of the papers under the corresponding headings, to help students solve the problem of paper typesetting. If some students do not use this template to edit papers, you can choose PaperYes paper typesetting. According to the format requirements of your university, automatically generate directories and headers and footers, solve the odd and even page problems, intelligently arrange titles, graphs, tables and formulas, and adapt font size and paragraph, etc., 10 seconds to complete, safe and efficient.Key words: PaperYes; Layout Technology; AIrtificialIntelligence; Research; Based on;AbstractThe main content of this paper is based on the requirement of paper format in our university, using the artificial intelligence engine of PaperYes, a paper typesetting robot, to compose the paper template. Students can use this template to write papers, just fill the content of the papers under the corresponding headings, to help students solve the problem of paper typesetting. If some students do not use this template to edit papers, you can choose PaperYes paper typesetting. According to the format requirements of your university, automatically generate directories and headers and footers, solve the odd and even page problems, intelligently arrange titles, graphs, tables and formulas, and adapt font size and paragraph, etc., 10 seconds to complete, safe and efficient.Key words: PaperYes; Layout Technology; AIrtificialIntelligence; Research; Based on;AbstractThe main content of this paper is based on the requirement of paper format in our university, using the artificial intelligence engine of PaperYes, a paper typesetting robot, to compose the paper template. Students can use this template to write papers, just fill the content of the papers under the corresponding headings, to help students solve the problem of paper typesetting. If some students do not use this template to edit papers, you can choose PaperYes paper typesetting. According to the format requirements of your university, automatically generate directories and headers and footers, solve the odd and even page problems, intelligently arrange titles, graphs, tables and formulas, and adapt font size and paragraph, etc., 10 seconds to complete, safe and efficient.Key words: PaperYes; Layout Technology; AIrtificialIntelligence; Research; Based on;AbstractThe main content of this paper is based on the requirement of paper format in our university, using the artificial intelligence engine of PaperYes, a paper typesetting robot, to compose the paper template. Students can use this template to write papers, just fill the content of the papers under the corresponding headings, to help students solve the problem of paper typesetting. If some students do not use this template to edit papers, you can choose PaperYes paper typesetting. According to the format requirements of your university, automatically generate directories and headers and footers, solve the odd and even page problems, intelligently arrange titles, graphs, tables and formulas, and adapt font size and paragraph, etc., 10 seconds to complete, safe and efficient.Key words: PaperYes; Layout Technology; AIrtificialIntelligence; Research; Based on;AbstractThe main content of this paper is based on the requirement of paper format in our university, using the artificial intelligence engine of PaperYes, a paper typesetting robot, to compose the paper template. Students can use this template to write papers, just fill the content of the papers under the corresponding headings, to help students solve the problem of paper typesetting. If some students do not use this template to edit papers, you can choose PaperYes paper typesetting. According to the format requirements of your university, automatically generate directories and headers and footers, solve the odd and even page problems, intelligently arrange titles, graphs, tables and formulas, and adapt font size and paragraph, etc., 10 seconds to complete, safe and efficient.Key words: PaperYes; Layout Technology; AIrtificialIntelligence; Research; Based on;AbstractThe main content of this paper is based on the requirement of paper format in our university, using the artificial intelligence engine of PaperYes, a paper typesetting robot, to compose the paper template. Students can use this template to write papers, just fill the content of the papers under the corresponding headings, to help students solve the problem of paper typesetting. If some students do not use this template to edit papers, you can choose PaperYes paper typesetting. According to the format requirements of your university, automatically generate directories and headers and footers, solve the odd and even page problems, intelligently arrange titles, graphs, tables and formulas, and adapt font size and paragraph, etc., 10 seconds to complete, safe and efficient.Key words: PaperYes; Layout Technology; AIrtificialIntelligence; Research; Based on;AbstractThe main content of this paper is based on the requirement of paper format in our university, using the artificial intelligence engine of PaperYes, a paper typesetting robot, to compose the paper template. Students can use this template to write papers, just fill the content of the papers under the corresponding headings, to help students solve the problem of paper typesetting. If some students do not use this template to edit papers, you can choose PaperYes paper typesetting. According to the format requirements of your university, automatically generate directories and headers and footers, solve the odd and even page problems, intelligently arrange titles, graphs, tables and formulas, and adapt font size and paragraph, etc., 10 seconds to complete, safe and efficient.Key words: PaperYes; Layout Technology; AIrtificialIntelligence; Research; Based on;AbstractThe main content of this paper is based on the requirement of paper format in our university, using the artificial intelligence engine of PaperYes, a paper typesetting robot, to compose the paper template. Students can use this template to write papers, just fill the content of the papers under the corresponding headings, to help students solve the problem of paper typesetting. If some students do not use this template to edit papers, you can choose PaperYes paper typesetting. According to the format requirements of your university, automatically generate directories and headers and footers, solve the odd and even page problems, intelligently arrange titles, graphs, tables and formulas, and adapt font size and paragraph, etc., 10 seconds to complete, safe and efficient.Key words: PaperYes; Layout Technology; AIrtificialIntelligence; Research; Based on;AbstractThe main content of this paper is based on the requirement of paper format in our university, using the artificial intelligence engine of PaperYes, a paper typesetting robot, to compose the paper template. Students can use this template to write papers, just fill the content of the papers under the corresponding headings, to help students solve the problem of paper typesetting. If some students do not use this template to edit papers, you can choose PaperYes paper typesetting. According to the format requirements of your university, automatically generate directories and headers and footers, solve the odd and even page problems, intelligently arrange titles, graphs, tables and formulas, and adapt font size and paragraph, etc., 10 seconds to complete, safe and efficient.Key words: PaperYes; Layout Technology; AIrtificialIntelligence; Research; Based on;AbstractThe main content of this paper is based on the requirement of paper format in our university, using the artificial intelligence engine of PaperYes, a paper typesetting robot, to compose the paper template. Students can use this template to write papers, just fill the content of the papers under the corresponding headings, to help students solve the problem of paper typesetting. If some students do not use this template to edit papers, you can choose PaperYes paper typesetting. According to the format requirements of your university, automatically generate directories and headers and footers, solve the odd and even page problems, intelligently arrange titles, graphs, tables and formulas, and adapt font size and paragraph, etc., 10 seconds to complete, safe and efficient.Key words: PaperYes; Layout Technology; AIrtificialIntelligence; Research; Based on;AbstractThe main content of this paper is based on the requirement of paper format in our university, using the artificial intelligence engine of PaperYes, a paper typesetting robot, to compose the paper template. Students can use this template to write papers, just fill the content of the papers under the corresponding headings, to help students solve the problem of paper typesetting. If some students do not use this template to edit papers, you can choose PaperYes paper typesetting. According to the format requirements of your university, automatically generate directories and headers and footers, solve the odd and even page problems, intelligently arrange titles, graphs, tables and formulas, and adapt font size and paragraph, etc., 10 seconds to complete, safe and efficient.Key words: PaperYes; Layout Technology; AIrtificialIntelligence; Research; Based on;AbstractThe main content of this paper is based on the requirement of paper format in our university, using the artificial intelligence engine of PaperYes, a paper typesetting robot, to compose the paper template. Students can use this template to write papers, just fill the content of the papers under the corresponding headings, to help students solve the problem of paper typesetting. If some students do not use this template to edit papers, you can choose PaperYes paper typesetting. According to the format requirements of your university, automatically generate directories and headers and footers, solve the odd and even page problems, intelligently arrange titles, graphs, tables and formulas, and adapt font size and paragraph, etc., 10 seconds to complete, safe and efficient.Key words: PaperYes; Layout Technology; AIrtificialIntelligence; Research; Based on;。
format of a research paper introduction论文的标准格式
Writing a Research Paper Introduction – Astep-by-step referenceThe introduction is the first chapter of a research paper. It starts from the research proposal stage, but it is critical to understand the difference between the introduction of a research proposal and that of a research paper. At the proposal stage, the introduction is presented in a future tense expressing the intensions and expectations of the researcher, whereas that of the research paper is in the past tense, revealing what actually happened.A research paper Introduction plays an essential role of preparing the reader’s mind to follow the paper as it unveils the problem, the researcher’s intervention, intentions and expectations.Sections of a research paper introductionThe introduction constituents and sequence majorly depend on the type of research and format undertaken.•Background: Reveals an identified and well defined problem, exploring its history and nature with reference to the existing literature. It should indicate the root of the problem, its extent, the affected, previous investigations, etc.;highlighting the research paper introduction in general, and ensuringproper perception of the situation at hand.•Statement of the problem: Is the core of the issue/problem and must be clearly defined. It states exactly what the problem is, justifying that thestudy narrows or bridges the gap between what it is and what it ought to be.•Purpose of the study: Is derived from the statement of the problem. It states why one decides to study the problem and the role of his/her research to solve the problem.•Objectives of the study: These constitute the targets a researcher intends to achieve. They act as a yardstick for the research exercise and must bespecific, measurable and achievable.•Research questions: These are research guiding questions generated from objectives. The researcher needs to answer them as part of theinvestigation.•Hypotheses: These are guiding predictions of the outcome of the study.Basing on research questions, an assumption derived form existing theories,personal observations and experience is made. A hypothesis provides a tentative answer to the problem, allowing for further investigations.Hypotheses are common for descriptive and explanatory research.•Scope of the study: Is expressed in terms of a geographical area, say village, town or city; and in terms of content – showing the extent ofknowledge coverage.•Significance of the study: Shows how meaningful and useful the research is; as well as indicating the beneficiary group(s).•Assumption: Situations under which the research is may not be exact, so for easy of work the researcher may assume what he/she has exactlyconsidered in his/her investigation.•Delimitations:These are advantageous factors affecting one’s research exercise.•Limitations:These are disadvantageous factors affecting one’s research exercise.•Definition of key concepts/terms: Due to ambiguity and varying meanings of words/terms/concepts, the researcher needs to be precise giving exact meaning of what he/she intends to communicate.•Abbreviation: Abbreviations may be misunderstood, so clear full meanings avoid confusion.How to Write a Research Proposal – A successful and winning approach15 November, 2009Research exercises are first planned in research proposals. It determines the research direction, its endurance or failure. A proposal serves as an action plan for research, constituting three chapters; Introduction, Literature review and Methodologies. It is complemented with references, budget and timetable. Students obliged to do research submit research proposals to their supervisors before real research exercises. Supervisors approve the proposals for research exercises to commence. Learning how to write a research proposal is key for research students.A research proposal is presented in a future tense, signifying the target research accomplishments and operation mode. Before doing a custom research paper or term paper writing, planning is a key role.How to write a research proposal in a simpler wayUnderstand the intended topic, your knowledge about the subject, yo ur audience’s interests and their knowledge about the subject. Understand the type of research resources and sources required. If you understand how to write a research proposal, then your research exercise becomes easier. Your essay writing tactics, highly aid your writing skills for a proposal.• Chapter one (Introduction):- this expresses the intensions and expectations of the researcher and plays an essential role of preparing the reader’s mind as it r eveals the problem, researcher’s intentions, why he/she intends to intervene and his/her expectations.The introduction contains;1. background of the study,2. statement of the problem,3. purpose of the study,4. objectives of the study,5. research questions and/or6. hypotheses,37. scope of the study,8. significance of the study,9. assumption,10. delimitations,11. limitations and12. definition of key concepts/terms• Chapter two (Review of relevant literature):- When reviewing literature examine the sources related to the topic of interest. Avoid the literature that is not connected to the area of study. Always paraphrase and cite basing on your objectives and hypotheses. Ensure that the review saves you the burden of repeating completed research, wasting time on failed research and helping you find what the previous researchers have not tackled.Literature review constitutes;1. Literature map: identify the variables and specify the necessary resources, embarking on previous and similar interest researchers.2. Justification of intended research: show why the research is necessary.3. Extent and constraints of previous researchers: what does the researcher need to cover? Note limitations of previous researchers.• Chapter three (Methodologies):- The researcher analyses methods to be used, depending on the type and accuracy of data required.The methodologies constitute the following;1. Research design: gives the necessary type of research. Involving qualitative and quantitative descriptive studies.2. Sampling: the researcher chooses ways to undertake for study samples. Sampling methods may be random, stratified, and purposive and so on.3. Tools and instruments: data collect tools involve questionnaires, interviews; focus discussion groups and so on.4. Procedure: shows how data collection will be administered.5. Data collection: identify the primary and secondary sources.6. Data processing and analysis: focus on raw data, sorting, editing, coding and representing it.How to write a research proposal takes various undertakings from institution to institution. You can further your guidance using research paper samples.Methodology Writing for your Research Paper2 December, 2009Before you carry out your research, you have to analyze the rationale and feasibility of particular methods for a given study. This is normally written in your research proposal, while the explanation for the methods undertaken is written in the research paper methodology. Different kinds of issues require different forms of approach during data collection and processing with in a given research exercise. These are exactly what the researcher handles in his/her methodology writing.While analyzing the methods to employ during the study, you need to;Always remember that the choice of your methodology will highly depend on the purpose of the research and the type of problem under study. The methodology in your proposal is only a suggestion and is written in a future tense, whereas that in your research paper is in past tense revealing how you actually administered your study methodically.The Structure of your Methodology WritingThe methodology constitutes a number of areas covering how you are going to carry out your research exercise. It gives a layout of the specific methods to handle particular situations. The methodology can be outlined as follows:1.Research design: This may be qualitative and descriptive in which the qualityof a situation is studied or analyzed and described accordingly. It may also be quantitative, where the results are numerical in nature.51.Sampling: Samples may be used as a representation of a large population. Asample can be non-probability or probability sampling. These also have a number of subcategories.1.Tools and Instruments: These are used to establish the facts fromrespondents. They may include questionnaires, interviews, observations, recording, focused group discussions, tests and diary.1.Procedure: This reveals the stages to be undertaken while carrying out yourresearch exercise. You need to be systematic in a way following the terms of reference, administering the research exercise, and revealing how the recommendation letter was obtained. This gives the whole plan of the research exercise procedures exhaustively.1.Data collection: Identify the primary and secondary data sources asanticipated. Mention your data sources as may be applied while undertaking the research. Show how you intend to acquire and store data.1.Data processing and analysis: You have to reveal how you are supposed tosort, edit, code and represent your data. Then show how the represented data shall be interpreted. Descriptive methods are necessary for the interpretation, comparison and drawing conclusions.Your methodology will largely depend on the requirements of a given format or will largely depend on the various institutions styles. At this stage of your research proposal you are meant to exhaust the appropriate methods for your research. Try further reading through essay help and various research paper samples.。
PaperFormat(MS-Word)
Vol. x, No. x, (20xx), pp. xx-xxISSN: XXXX-XXXX IJXX Copyright ⓒ XXXX SERSCPaper TitleAuthor(s) Name(s) Author Affiliation(s)E-mailAbstractThe abstract is to be in fully-justified italicized text as it is here, below the author information. Use the word “Abstract” as the title, in 12-point Times New Roman, boldface type, centered relative to the column, initially capitalized. The abstract is to be in 11-point, single-spaced type, and may be up to 3 in. (18 picas or 7.62 cm) long. Leave two blank lines after the abstract, and then begin the main text. All manuscripts must be in English.Keywords: We would like to encourage you to list your keywords in this section1. IntroductionCongratulations! Your paper has been accepted for journal publication. Please follow the steps outlined below when submitting your final draft to the SERSC Press. These guidelines include complete descriptions of the fonts, spacing, and related information for producing your proceedings manuscripts. Please follow them and if you have any questions, direct them to the production editor in charge of your journal at the SERSC, sersc@.2. Formatting your PaperAll printed material, including text, illustrations, and charts, must be kept within the parameters of the 8 15/16-inch (53.75 picas) column length and 5 15/16-inch (36 picas) column width. Please do not write or print outside of the column parameters. Margins are 3.3cm on the left side, 3.65cm on the right, 2.03cm on the top, and 3.05cm on the bottom. Paper orientation in all pages should be in portrait style.3. Main TitleThe main title (on the first page) should begin 1 3/16 inches (7 picas) from the top edge of the page, centered, and in Times New Roman 14-point, boldface type. Capitalize the first letter of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs; do not capitalize articles, coordinate conjunctions, or prepositions (unless the title begins with such a word) (e.g.A Comparative Study of Privacy Protection Methods for SmartHome Environments). Please initially capitalize only the first word in other titles, including section titles and first, second, and third-order headings (for example, “Titles and headings” — as in these guidelines). Leave two blank lines after the title.Vol. x, No. x, (20xx)4. Author Name(s) and Affiliation(s)Author names and affiliations are to be centered beneath the title and printed in Times New Roman 12-point, non-boldface type. (See example below)4.1. AffiliationsAffiliations are centered, italicized, not bold. Include e-mail addresses if possible.For example:Author1, Author2 and Author31Affiliation2Affiliation3Affiliation1Email, 2Email, 3Email4.2. Corresponding AuthorCorresponding author should have an asterisk sign (*) if possible, after the corresponding author’s name. The Corresponding author (e.g., *Corresponding Author) label should be appeared at the footnote section of the first page of the paper, Times New Roman in style and 10 in font size.5. Second and Following PagesThe second and following pages should begin 1.0 inch (2.54 cm) from the top edge. On all pages, the bottom margin should be 1-3/16 inches (2.86 cm) from the bottom edge of the page for 8.5 x 11-inch paper; for A4 paper, approximately 1-5/8 inches (4.13 cm) from the bottom edge of the page.6. Type-style and FontsWherever Times New Roman is specified, Times New Roman may be used. If not available in your word processor, please use a font closest to Times New Roman that you have access to. Please avoid using bit-mapped fonts if possible. True-Type 1 fonts are preferred.7. Main TextType your main text in 11-point Times New Roman, single-spaced. Do not use double-spacing. All paragraphs should be indented 1 pica (approximately 1/6- or 0.17-inch or 0.43 cm). Be sure your text is fully justified, flush left and flush right. Please do not place any additional blank lines between paragraphs.7.1. TablesPlace tables as close as possible to the text they refer to and aligned center. A table is labeled Table and given a number (e.g., Table 1.Sample Datasheet with Attributes in Linguistic Term) it should be numbered consecutively. The table label and caption or title appears 12pt space above the table, 6pt space after the text or paragraph if any; it should be uniforms fonts and font size, and use 11pt font size and Helvetica style, capitalized similar to paper title, aligned center and bold face. Sources and notes appear below the table, aligned left. All tables must be in portrait orientation.2Vol. x, No. x, (20xx)3For Example:Table 1. Table Label7.2. FiguresPlace figures as close as possible to the text they refer to and aligned center. Photos, graphs, charts or diagram should be labeled Figure (do not abbreviate) and appear 6pt space below the figure, 12ptspace before the next text or paragraph, and assigned a number consecutively. The label and title should be in line with the figure number (e.g., Figure 1. Location Error Rate of Three Schemes ), it should be uniforms fonts and font size; use 11pt font size and Helvetica style, capitalized similar to paper title, aligned center and bold face. Source (if any) appear underneath, flush left. Figures should be at good enough quality. Minimum image dimensions are 6 cm (2.3622 in) wide by 6 cm (2.3622 in) high.For Example:Figure 1. Figure Label7.3. EquationsIncluding symbols and equations in the text, the variable name and style must be consistent with those in the equations. Equations should be indented at the left margin and numbered at the right margin, equation number is enclosed with open and close parenthesis () Time New Roman in style and 11pt font size . Define all symbols the first time they are used. All equation symbols must be defined in a clear and understandable way.For Example:222222()[]k zik zk z eeeμνμνσμνσμνϕσ--=-(1)Vol. x, No. x, (20xx)48. First-order HeadingsFor example, “1. Introduction ”, should be Times New Roman 13-point boldface, initially capitalized, flush left, with one blank line before, and one blank line after.8.1. Second-order Headings (Sub-heading)As in this heading, they should be Times New Roman 11-point boldface, initially capitalized, flush left, with one blank line before, and one after.8.1.1. Third-order Headings: Third-order headings, as in this paragraph, are discouraged. However, if you must use them, use 11-point Times New Roman, boldface, initially capitalized, flush left, and proceeded by one blank line, followed by a colon and your text on the same line.9. FootnotesUse footnotes sparingly (or not at all) and place them at the bottom of the column of the page on which they are referenced to. Use Times New Roman 9-point type, single-spaced. To help your readers, avoid using footnotes altogether and include necessary peripheral observations in the text (within parentheses, if you prefer, as in this sentence).AppendixAn appendix, if needed, should appear before the acknowledgments.AcknowledgmentsThese should be brief and placed at the end of the text before the references.ReferencesList and number all bibliographical references that has important contribution on the paper, (if possible, limit to 30, which only are necessary citations are recommended). 9-point Times New Roman, fully justified, single-spaced, at the end of your paper. When referenced in the text, enclose the citation number in square brackets, for example [1]. Do not abbreviate the months. D on’t forget to put period (.) at the end of each reference. (See examples below)11.1. Journal Article[1]C. D. Scott and R. E. Smalley, “Diagnostic Ultrasound: Principles and Instruments”, Journal of Nanosci. Nanotechnology., vol. 3, no. 2, (2003), pp. 75-80.11.2. Book[2]H. S. Nalwa, Editor, “Magnetic Nanostructures ”, American Scientific Publishers, Los Angeles, (2003).11.3. Chapter in a Book[3]H. V. Jansen, N. R. Tas and J. W. Berenschot, “Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ”, Edited H. S. Nalwa, American Scientific Publishers, Los Angeles, vol. 5, (2004), pp. 163-275.11.4. Conference Proceedings[4]J. Kimura and H. Shibasaki, “Recent Advances in Clinical Neurophysiology ”, Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology, Kyoto, Japan, (1995) October 15-19.Vol. x, No. x, (20xx)511.5. Patent[5]C. E. Larsen, R. Trip and C. R. Johnson, “Methods for procedures related to the electrophysiology of the heart ”, U.S. Patent 5,529,067, (1995) June 25.Do not use the phrases "et al." and "ibid." in the reference section. Instead, the names of all authors in a reference must be listed.12. Copyright FormsYou must include your fully-completed, signed SERSC copyright release form when you submit your paper. WE MUST HAVE THIS FORM BEFORE YOUR PAPER CAN BE PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL. The copyright form is available from journal home page. Authors should send their copyright forms to FAX. +82-70-7614-3027 or E-mail journal@.AuthorsAuthor ’s Name, Author ’s profile.。
英文期刊发表论文格式
英文期刊发表论文格式As a document creator on Baidu Wenku, I am going to provide a guide on the format for publishing a paper in an English journal.When preparing a paper for submission to an English journal, it is important to follow the specific format and guidelines provided by the journal. The following are the key elements to consider when formatting your paper for publication:1. Title Page:The title page should include the title of the paper, the names and affiliations of all authors, and the corresponding author's contact information. It should also include any acknowledgments, funding sources, or disclaimers.2. Abstract:The abstract is a brief summary of the paper, typically no more than 250 words. It should provide an overview of the study, including the research question, methods, results, and conclusions.3. Keywords:After the abstract, a list of keywords should be provided to help index the paper for search purposes.4. Introduction:The introduction should provide background information on the topic, clearly state the research question or hypothesis, and outline the objectives of the study.5. Materials and Methods:This section should provide a detailed description of the materials used and the methods employed in the study. It should be written in a way that allows other researchers to replicate the study.6. Results:The results section should present the findings of the study in a clear and concise manner. This may include tables, figures, and statistical analyses.7. Discussion:In the discussion section, the results should be interpreted and placed in the context of existing literature. The implications of the findings and any limitations of the study should also be addressed.8. Conclusion:The conclusion should summarize the key findings of the study and their implications. It should also suggest areas for future research.9. References:The references section should list all sources cited in the paper, following a specific citation style such as APA or MLA.10. Formatting and Style:The paper should be formatted according to the journal's guidelines, including margins, font size, line spacing, and citation style. It should also adhere to the rules of grammar, punctuation, and spelling.In conclusion, when preparing a paper for publication in an English journal, it is important to carefully follow the specific format and guidelines provided by the journal. By paying attention to the details of formatting, style, and content, you can increase the chances of your paper being accepted for publication.。
Final paper writing format sample 重要学术格式要求
Title of Your Paper (居中，小四，Times New Roman)FirstName LastNameCourse TitleInstructor’s NameDateTitle(居中)The first paragraph is a brief introduction of your topic and how are you going to discuss the related issue. It should include a thesis statement --or in other words-- the main idea of your paper……….（两倍行距，正文，小四，Times New Roman，每段第一行空六格，文章居左对齐)The first sentence of your second paragraph should be the main idea of this particular paragraph. Then you will elaborate on this idea in the rest of your paragraph.The following paragraphs should also be like the second paragraph –offering the other sub-points to support your thesis statement in the first paragraph. Thesesub-points when put together, should be able to provide a strong support for your thesis statement.At the end of the paper, you should have a concluding paragraph where you summarize your paper.During your writing, you shall offer your opinions in YOUR OWN WORDS—do not copy and paste others’ opinions without acknowledgingthem---that’s called plagiarism—It is prohibited and the paper would be graded ZERO if it happens.If you do need to quote others’ opinions in your writing, you should give the source. If you need a very short and direct quote, you put it in ―…..‖ and give the page number, for instance (Smith, 2009, p. 10). If you cite someone’s opinions in your paper, you also need to acknowledge it by giving the author’s last name and year likethis: ―Zhang (2010) discussed…‖…or ―according to Acee (2009) …‖ or in their book ―Bache & Kang (2011) found…‖. Then you are going to give the detailed information about the author at the end of your paper, in the Reference section. If you are quoting materials we used in class, quote Xiao & Wang (2003) other than those specified.Finally, your paper should have a minimum of 1500 words.参考文献部分，如果有中文有英文，先排中文，格式按照作者姓氏拼音排序，依次是作者姓名、出版年份、文章名称、期刊名称、卷（期）、页码。
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论文要求与格式
◆按国际惯例，提交论文摘要时，每人限第一作者一篇。
◆除特邀代表外，其他代表提交的论文要求须是未公开发表过的非综述性文章。
◆论文须用A4纸，激光打印。
每篇论文含图、表在内最多不应超过6页。
国内作者须同
时提交中文稿。
另请提交论文稿件的WORD文档软盘，或以E-mail附件的形式发至：
HE2003@
◆论文格式：
论文题目—作者姓名—作者单位、地址和邮政编码—摘要—正文—致谢—参考文献
◆具体格式要求：
1. 全文单倍行距，两端对齐。
2. 摘要、关键词、致谢、参考文献及一级、二级标题首行无缩进。
3. 正文首行缩进2字符。
4. 全文字体均用Times New Roman，字体、字号如下：
—题目: 黑体，14 p
—作者姓名: 黑体，10 p ，居中
中文姓名翻译格式为（例如）：“张家强”→“Jiaqiang Zhang”
—地址：白体，斜体，9 p
—摘要：“Abstract”：黑体, 9 p
内容：白体，9 p
—关键词: “keywords”：黑体, 9 p
内容：白体，9 p
—一级标题：黑体，12 p，编号为“1，2，3，……”
—二级标题：黑体，10.5 p，编号为“1.1，1.2，…；2.1，2.2，…；……”
—正文：白体，10.5 p
—致谢：“Acknowledgements”：黑体, 10 p ，致谢内容：白体，10 p 。
例如：
Acknowledgements：The authors gratefully acknowledge ……
—参考文献：“References”：黑体, 9 p ，参考文献内容：白体，8 p，编号为1. 2. 3. ……。
例如：References
1．Mu shuqin, et al.. The groundwater trends in the decade of Changchun city in Jilin province, Beijing: Science Publisher. 1992
（图书格式）
2. O’Hannesin S.F. and Gillham R.W. Long-term performan ce of an in situ “iron wall” for remediation of VOCs. Groungwater,
36(1):164～170. 1998（期刊格式）
3. McRae C.W.T., Blowes D.W., Ptacek C. J. Laboratory-scale investigation of remediation of As and Se using iron oxides. Proc. Sixth
Symposium and Exhibition on Groundwater and Soil Remediation, March 18～21, Montreal, QC. 167～168. 1997（论文集格式）—图题：白体，8 p
—表题：黑体，8 p
—公式：10.5 p
—比号：2∶3
论文格式要求
1 论文名称、作者姓名、作者单位名、单位所在城市名、摘要、关键词、中图分类号
文稿必须包括中英文题名、中英文作者姓名、中英文作者单位名、中英文单位所在城市名及邮政编码；必须包括中英文摘要、中英文关键词（3~5个）。
英文内容单独放在正文之前。
中文题名一般不超过20个汉字，避免使用"…的研究"等非特定词，不使用副题名。
英文题名应与中文题名含义一致，开头不用定冠词。
论文摘要尽量写成报道性摘要，即应包括研究目的、方法和过程、结果和结论（中文一般不少于200字），采用第三人称写法，不要使用"本文"、"作者"等作为主语，避免图表、公式和参考文献的序号。
英文摘要应与中文摘要文意一致，采用被动语态表述。
中文关键词选词要规范，应尽量从汉语主题词表中选取，不能采用英文缩写。
英文关键词应与中文关键词一一对应，也不能采用英文缩写。
2 正文
正文篇幅一般在8000字以内，包括简短引言、论述分析、结果和结论等内容。
文中出现的外文缩写除公知公用的首次出现一律应标有中文翻译或外文全称。
文中图、表应有自明性，且随文出现，并要有相应的英文名。
文中图的数量一般不超过6幅。
图中文字、符号、坐标中的标值和标值线必须写清，所有出现的数值都应标有明确的量与单位。
文中表格一律采用"三线表"。
文中有关量与单位必须符合国家标准和国际标准。
用单个斜体外文字母表示（国家标准中专门规定的有关特征值除外；如要表示量的状态、序位、条件等，可对该单个字母加上下角标、阿拉伯数字以及"′""＾"等），避免用中文表示。
正文章节编号采用三级标题顶格排序。
一级标题形如1，2，3，…排序；二级标题形如1.1，1.2，1.3，…排序；三级标题形如1.1.1，1.1.2，1.1.3，…排序；引言不排序。
3 参考文献
参考文献应是国内外正式公开发表的并且在文中切确引用的专著、期刊文章、论文集文章、学位论文、报告、报纸文章、国家（国际）标准、专利、电子文献（网络、磁带、磁盘、光盘）等等，按文中引用的先后顺序编号。
参考文献的著录格式如下：
专著作者名. 书名. 版本（第1版不著录）. 出版地：出版者，出版年. 起止页码.
期刊作者名. 题名. 刊名，出版年，卷（期）：起止页码.
论文集作者名. 题名. 论文集编者名（可不著录）. 论文集名. 出版地：出版者，出版年. 起止页码.
学位论文作者名. 题名. 保存地点：保存单位，年份.
科研报告作者名. 报告题名. 出版地：出版者，出版年.
报纸作者名. 题名. 报纸名，出版日期（版次）.
标准标准编号，标准名称.
专利专利所有者. 专利题名. 专利国名：专利号，出版日期.
电子文献作者名. 题名. 出版地：出版者（网址、网站名、网页名），发表或更新日期.
作者三名以内的全部列出，四名以上的列前三名，中文后加"等"，英文后加"et al"。
作者姓名不管是外文还是汉语拼音一律姓在前、名在后（外文姓不可缩写，名可缩写）。
外文参考文献的出版地、出版商和出版年务必按顺序一
一标出。
期刊与论文集的起止页码必须标出。
所有列出的参考文献必须在文中标出其引用之处，标不出引用之处的文献不得列入参考文献之中。
4 作者简介、基金项目
在文稿首页地脚处写明作者简介（包括：姓名，出生年份，性别，籍贯，职称，最后学位（或在读学历）。
如果论文涉及的是有关基金项目的研究内容，须在地脚处写明：基金或资助机构的名称，项目编号。