商务英语翻译教程第3单元 教案
商务英语口译教程Unite3
• Chinese- English Interpretation • 1. Manufacturing accouted for just 17.5 per cent of global gross doMestic product in 2007, but much activity in the considerably larger area of services, for instance, in retailing, distribution, transport and communications, depends on it. • 2. Labor costs are rising fast in China and India and it is no longer always clear that the great lurch east makes commercial sense. • 3. Even if oil prices return to less scary levels, the cost of transportation and the delays created by extended supply chains all have to be taken into account. • 4. Investing in China will often be a much less straightforward task for a Western multinational than committing to France or Germany.
English-Chinese Interpretation
• 6. 一般来说，我们只按到岸价交易，保水渍险。 • 7. 根据合同条款，货物装船后，我方已经马上通过航空寄给你 方一整套不可转让的单据。 • 8. 很遗憾，我方不能按你方要求于4月初装船，因为直达班轮每 月22日左右才开往你方港口。 • 9. 因厂方所接订单甚多，我们不能在规定日期前装运。 • 10. 我方无法许诺11月前发货，因为我们的厂家目前的交货任务 压得很紧。
《商务英语翻译》第3章 第一节 主语从句的翻译
此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。
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(Whoever comes to our public reference library) will be welcome.
什么人到我们公共参考图书馆来都受欢迎。
(Whether she would play the part) is still doubtful.
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4. It was reported that he had resigned. 据报道他已辞职。 5. It is well known that the compass was invented by Chinses. 众所周知，中国人发明了指南针。
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1. P84-85 1—10 2. P87-88 1—10
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这些中国古董为什么保存在英国博物馆内是我们今 天所讲故事的重要内容。
Skill Practice
1. Whatever measures we adopt must be in conformity with the need of the four moderization. 无论我们采取什么措施，都要符合四个现代化的 需要。 2. What he told me was only half-truth. 他告诉我的事情仅仅真假参半。 3. They have definitely decided to pay a visit to China, but when they are to do so hasn’t been made clear yet. 他们已确定要访问中国，何时成行尚未说明。
ESAP商学英语教程-电子教案Unit3
3.1 Vocabulary F Complete each sentence with a word from box b.
Change the form if necessary.
1 Many organizations use e-mail as a convenient form of_i_n_t_er_n_a_lcommunication. 2 Employees who are badly paid may become _d_e_m_o_t_iv_a_t_e_d. 3 If a team consists of people from several different departments it is said to be _m__u_lt_id_i_s_c_ip_l_in_a_r.y 4 A team needs to be _u_n_i_te_d____ in order to work well. 5 It is important to _e_n_su_r_e__ that people have good working conditions. 6 People who think they are no good at anything have low _se_l_f-_e_s_te_e_m_.
Vocabulary bank
Stress within words
This is true for most words ending in:
Multi-syllable words
Some content words have three or more syllables. Multi-syllable words are normally stressed three syllables from the end.
体验商务英语3教案 Unit 3 1st
module 3 Company Introduction 商务英语翻译教程电子课件
围、公司背景、历史和经营成就等。公司简介的语言力求准确、平实、简明、精 练，运用专业术语和习惯用法，注意科学性和逻辑性，又要考虑说明书的具体要 求，尽量浅显确切，提供实质性信息。 （3）公司介绍经常使用一些标语口号式的文字，以起到宣传介绍的功能。这类 文字一般位于正文结尾，多为一个词、一个短语或一句话，具有简短、醒目的特 点，起到画龙点睛的作用。标语口号式的文字在汉语中常常是主谓结构，但英语 中则习惯用名词结构。
商务英语翻译(英译汉)第二版电子教案第3单元 词义的选择
• “under”不再是“在……之下”这一常用意义，而是 “根据”、“依据”之意。
• 对词义的选择需要注意以下问题：
• （一）注意区分词语使用的是常用意义还是专业 意义
• Often an individual must supply personal accounting information in order to buy a car or home, to qualify for a college scholarship, to secure a credit card, or to obtain a bank loan. Large corporations are accountable to their stockholders, to governmental agencies, and to the public.
• A foreign business representative, neither overly sympathetic toward China nor overly disposed against it, would need to be convinced on a number of scores before he could responsibly commit his firm to taking an equity position in a Chinese enterprise.
• 译文：一名外国企业代表，如果对中国既无过分
好感，又无过分恶意的话，要动真格地实施向一
家中国企业投资入股，就往往需要有一系列评估 数据来帮助他做出最终决定。
世纪商务英语翻译 unit3
Unit 3
Trademarks 商标
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Trademarks
知识目标： 1. 2. 3. 能力目标： 1. 2. 3.
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了解中英文商标的基本知识 理解商标的语言特点及其常用翻译技巧 熟悉商务英语翻译过程中的转译法 能够正确识别中英文商标 能够运用所学翻译技巧熟练地进行商标的翻译 能够在商务翻译过程中较为熟练地运用转译法
Sec 7
Sec 8
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SECTION 3
Sec 1
II. 商标的翻译技巧 在国际商品贸易不断增长的今天，商标也日益具有国际性。从一种语言 到另一种语言，商标的翻译既要保留原文的精华，又要符合消费者的心理。与 其他翻译不同的是，上述目的要在 对一个词语的翻译中实现，这就 需要运用语言、营销以及美学方面 的综合知识。在商标翻译中，音 译法、意译法、音意结合法是最 主要的翻译方法。
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Sec 7Sec 8Fra bibliotek返回SECTION 3
意译法
Sec 1
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所谓意译法就是采用词语的实际含义进行翻译的方法，也是商标用语翻 译的常用方法之一。在翻译这类商标时，要适当了解各种文字在表达上的特 点，顾及消费者的文化习惯和审美心理，同时还应当适当增加相应的表示性 能和质量等方面的词汇，使商标更清楚更完整。例如：Greyhound (灰狗牌长 途汽车), Shell（壳牌润滑油）, Playboy（花花公子时装）, Jade（白玉牙 膏）, Energizer（劲量电池）, Apple（苹果电脑）, Camel（骆驼牌香烟）, Crown（皇冠轿车）, Rainbow（彩虹牌女装）, Crystal（水晶牌玻璃器皿）, Elegance（雅致牌丝绸）等等。这些商标既简短醒目，又不会产生歧义，易 懂易记，其产品也因此在国际市场上经久不衰。
商务英语翻译(英译汉)第二版电子教案第3单元B
---The developed countries are rich in skilled work force and capital resources, so they can concentrate on producing many technology-intensive products such as computers, aircrafts, and so on.
译文：对计划进行变更，这是由于公司的最高管理层对公司的雇员及其商 业伙伴到底需要什么作出了错误的判断。
修改：公司最高管理层对其员工和商业伙伴的需求判断错误，导致了计划 的变更。
8.选择词义时，注意凝练，使得译文简洁
---Should the buyers have to lodge a claim against the sellers, it must be done within 30 days after the arrival of the tanker at the port of destination.
译文1：该法令要求金融机构证实开户人以及金融交易量超过2百万人 民币的客户的身份。
译文2：该法律要求金融机构核实开户人以及金融交易额达200万日 元以上客户的身份。
The most important issues in the House of Representatives election are economic stimulus measures and measures to revitalize the economy.
原译：为了保护既得利益、干预新兴企业的加入，一些公众利益公司着手 制定自己的标准，迫使众多私人企业接受各种审查、获取各种认证。
修改：为了维护既得利益、干预新兴企业的加入，一些公众利益公司着手 制定自己的标准，迫使众多私人企业接受各种审查、通过各种认证。
商务职业英语 unit3 Business travel教学文案
Task 2 Booking a Ticket
Task 2
Listen to the dialogue about booking a ticket and fill in the blanks with words, phrases or sentences.
▪ 4. You can apply for a passport at many post offices around the country.
Tape scripts:
▪ 5. You want a new business card, don't you? Of course, this is the most important element of your visual identity.
▪ 2. A laptopigned for mobile use that is small and light enough for a person to rest on their lap.
▪ 3. You may pay with cash or credit card in that small book store.
1
LFeTCoaarslrmIannksi-atnsebtgrigavorsTeoaehmtAdersodAAsupcSegtpskhivrsiloiDmltsiaeoecsinhntg
2
3 Unit
Travelling on Business
Learning Objectives 3
Focus
商英翻 unit 3
3.5 Methods and Techniques
3.5.2 商标的翻译技巧 在国际商品贸易不断增长的今天，商标也日益具有国际性。从一种语言到另一种语 言，商标的翻译既要保留原文的精华，又要符合消费者的商标心理。与其他翻译不同的 是，上述目的要在对一个词语的翻译中实现，这就需要运用语言、营销以及美学方面的 综合知识。在商标翻译中，音译法、意译法和音意结合法是最主要的翻译方法。 1.音译法 从英语的发音可以很容易找到对应的商标名称，这种翻译方法叫音译法。在商标用
3.1 Case Study
例1：
“白翎”牌钢笔曾一度因物美价廉，在中国市场深受欢迎。究其心理上的原因， 这一商标词与“白领”是同音词，有高贵气派的感觉。但是当把它简单直译成 “White Feather ”时就不能令人产生同样的感觉了。究其原因，则是未能考虑到该词 在英语中的文化内涵。英语中有一成语“to show somebody the white feather”，这一
构词法的理论、方法并结合语言学、市场学、美学、心理学等知识创造出一些新的词语。
Hale Waihona Puke 商标词语的臆造可以通过词语缩略、组合、混合、拼写变换及改变词缀等来进行。例如： Fanta — fantasie, Intel—international, Pepsi—pepsin , BMW—Bayerishe Motoven Werke, GM —General Motors, IBM—International Business Machines, NEC—Nippon Electric Company, KFC—Kentucky Fried Chicken, Duracell—durable + cell, Contac—continuous + action, U-right—you right等。
商务英语翻译Unit 3 产品说明
SEC 6
SEC 7
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SECTION 3
SEC 1
说明书的翻译技巧
SEC 2
SEC 3 SEC 4 SEC 5 SEC 6 SEC 7
一、遵循两条基本的翻译原则 二、熟悉英语产品说明书的常用句型 三、按不同题材说明书进行翻译 四、常用翻译方法（反译法）
特征、性能、使用方法、保养维护、注意事项等内
容的核心所在。
SEC 6
落款（Signature）
SEC 7
即写明生产者、经销单位的名称、地址、电话
、邮政编码、Email等内容，为消费者进行必要的
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联系提供方便。
2020/12/12
SECTION 1
SEC 1 正文是产品说明书的主题、核心部分。
SEC 2 常见主体有以下内容：
SEC 3
appliance to move.
Connecting the appliance
SEC 4
The rated voltage of the appliance is 220V alternating current and the
rated frequency is 50Hz. It can vary from 180V to 220V.
Transportation and placement
SEC 2
Do not move the appliance by holding a door or door handle.
You should lift it from the bottom. You can not lie down or reverse the
商务英语基础上册Unit three教案【高校】
【Title of Lesson】Unit 3 Business Dinner【Text Book】Basic Business English【Teaching Objects and Demands】➢Knowledge and Ability Objects1. To let the students know some basic etiquette knowledge of Western business dinner.2. To let the students know some words and phrases about business dinner.3. To train the students’ abilities of listening and speaking.4. To train the students’ abilities of using English to make simple dialogues about business dinner.➢Procedure and Method Objects1. Through self-study, train students’ abilities of analyzing problems, solving problems and summarizing problems.2. Through group activities, train students’ team spirit ofmutual cooperation and to improve their communication ability.3. Through the competition, train stude nts’ sense of competiting and participating actively, stimulate students’ interests in learning, improve their abilities to adapt to change and enhance their thinking abilities .➢Moral and value Objects1. To enable the students to understand the importance of knowing how to organize or go to a business dinner.2. To lay the foundation for the future English communication.【Teaching Key Points】1. Some words and phrases about business dinner.2. Some sentences about business dinner.【Teaching Difficulties】How to enable students to get to act properly in a business dinner.【Teaching Aids】Multi-media computer, cards and some exercise papers; Software: Microsoft PowerPoint【Teaching Methods】Interactive teaching (learning--reciting –utilizing), discussion, questions & answers methods with the help of some games and activities.【Teaching Periods】180 minutes ( 4 Lessons)【Teaching Procedures】Step 1: Lead-in1. Show a picture of “Lunch Menu”, ask the Ss to try to order some food.。
商务英语翻译(英译汉)第二版电子教案第3单元A
第三单元 词义的选择
语言是由词语构成的意义大厦。理解语言不可不涉及 对词语的理解，将一种语言翻译成另一种语言时，不可不 关注对词语的翻译。词语的选择同翻译之间的关系非常紧 密。可以说，成功的商务英语句子或商务英语语篇的译文 在很大程度上取决于词语选择的精当、得体、专业和地道。
译文：若实验室检测合格，且你们给我们的报价 具有竞争力，我们一定会定期大量订货。
6.选择词义时，要注意前言后语 搭配得当
---China’s top industrial regulator said on Tuesday that the country is unlikely to see a “double dip” in the second half of this year.
译文：对货物质量的索赔须于货物抵达目的港 之日起30日内提出。
Not only a panic run on banks, but snowballing deposit cancellation could trigger an ominous chain reaction leading to a financial crisis.
A foreign business representative, neither overly sympathetic toward China nor overly disposed against it, would need to be convinced on a number of scores before he could responsibly commit his firm to taking an equity position in a Chinese enterprise.
商务英语听说教案unit3
课题：Unit 3 Placing Orders 教学目的：After learning this unit, students will learn how to 1. To place an order after acceptance 2. To talk about the availability of goods 3. To offer help to solve the shortage of supply by recommending a substitute. 教学重点、难点：Teaching focus 1. Sentence patterns to place an order after acceptance 2. V ocabulary building: terminology about placing orders including good, order and stock. Teaching difficulties 1.To let students understand how to place an order 2. Sentence patterns to place an order and ask for the quality of goods教学方法：1. Situational Teaching Approach 2. Lecturing method 3. Group Activity Approach 4. Task-based Approach 教学器材、设备：1.Multi-media classroom 2.Projector 3.microphone puter 教 案 续 页 第 页教 学 步 骤、内 容Unit 1 Making EnquiriesPart 1Task1: IntroductionFirst, the teacher show a video about placing orders in Chinese to make students understand the procedures. Then show another video about placing orders in English. Then let the students talk about the procedures to placing orders with the words and vocabularies on page 45. Task 2: Discussion1．Ask the students to talk about the questions in lead-in in pairs; 2．Divide the class into small groups and get students to share their own idea; 3. Invite some students to share with the whole class. Task 3: Pre-listening activities1. Learn the words and phrase on page 45. 2. Read the vocabulary to the class and explain them one by one. 3. Let the students learn these vocabulary by themselves. Part 2 listening and speaking 1Task1: listening1. Let the students guess the blanks in the text book. 2. Listen to the mp3 and filling the blanks in the text book. 3. listen again and try to fill all the blanks 4. Listen and fill in the blanks in the text book. Task2：sample dialogues and monologue1. Lead in. Let students read the sample dialogues in pairs;2. Teach the students words and phrases in the dialogues;3. Choose two groups of students to perform in front of the class.Task3: Speaking1. 1. Have Have Have the the the students students students read read read these these these sentences sentences sentences by by by themselves themselves themselves and and and write write write down down down their their answers. 2. Have the students check the answers in pairs. 3. Give them the correct answer. Task4:practice1. Have the students translate the sentences from Chinese to English by themselves. 2. 2. Let the students work in pairs to talk about how to place an order and write Let the students work in pairs to talk about how to place an order and write them down; 3. Talking about considering placing an order and confirming the order; 3. Talking about how to make some changes on the order; 4. Offering help to solve the supply shortage. Part II listening and speaking 2Task 1: listening1. Get students to do the exercises on P52; 2. Check the answers. 3. Summary: Summarize what students have learned in this lesson, point out what they should master. Task 2: Interpreting1. Let the students write down the answers by themselves. 2. Check it with their partners 3. Choose one or two answer to share with the whole class. 4. Give them the correct answer. Task 3: Supplementary reading1. Let the students read the text by themselves;2. Divide them into groups and talk about the answers with their partners.3. Choose one or two answer to share with the whole class. 4. Give them the correct answer. Task 4: Supplementary vocabulary 1. Read the vocabulary to the students 2. Explain some important words in details HomeworkMake Make a a a dialogue dialogue dialogue about about about placing placing placing an an an order order order in in in pairs pairs pairs and and and write write write it it it down. down. down. Read Read Read the the passage in page 252. 。
商务英语翻译教程第3单元教案.doc
筮二里元I.学习目的与要求通过本单元的学习，认知和应用翻译中的被动语态及其翻译方法，合并翻译法; 了解世界贸易组织（WTO）的相关知识、专业术语及其翻译。
II.教学时间：4学时III.教学重难点：1.被动语态的翻译2.合并法IV.教学内容：Section I TextSection II Method and TechniqueSection III ExercisesV.教学方法与手段：讲授为主，配以师生互动实训，PPT等。
VI.教学步骤一、被动语态的翻译方法（重点）理解：1.英语被动语态在翻译时，取决于具体句子所表达的涵义即汉语表达习惯而定2.在英语中，有一些固定的被动结构，译为汉语吋已有定式3.宥些英语的被动语态译成中文时，可以按照中文的习惯加上诸如“受…、被…、给…、让…、使…”等词，构成汉语的被动句应用：主动句和被动句的和互转换，固定的翻译结构，利用汉语的被动语态构成词来翻译英语屮的被动意义被动句的翻译P36&37英语中的被动句既可以译成主动句，又可以译成被动句，还可以根据汉语表达形式译成无主句，判断句等。
It was founded in 1993…它创建于1993年（主动川）They are ratified by members’ parliaments.它们经成员同议会批准。
（主动句）If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately.如果方案被批准了，这项工程将立即动工。
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations. 给了他们两天的吋间来做准备。
（无主句）Printing was introduced into Europe from China.印刷术是从屮w传入欧洲的。
（判断句）Our price has already been closely calculated.我方价格是经过精密核算的。
体验商务英语3教案Unit33rd.docx
一、教案头授课班级：授课日期：年刀 日年刀 日年 月 日本次课标题：Unit 3 Travel(Case study and Writing)能力（技能）目标知识目标1 ・ Comprehend the definition of 1. Definition of seminar教seminar2. Background information of IDP2. Understand the background of IDP3. Arranging the seminar3. Role play of arranging the seminar4. Writing an e-mail 字4. Write an e-mail to the manager ofthe hotel目标1. Greet Ss and introduce the assignments of these two periods.2. Lead ・in: Review what they have learnt.3. Case study: The team-building semina 匚4. Writing an e-mail.Teacher's Resource Book (高等教育出版社)参考资料能 力 训 练 任 务 及 过 程编号:二、教学设计步骤教学内容Activities (学生活动)Time(时间)告知（教学内容、目的）1.Lead-in: Review what they have learnt.2.Case study: The team-building seminar3.Writing an e-mail.讲授2m引入（任务项H）Lead-in: Review what they have learntAsk Ss to answer the following terms:1) air rage 2) luggage 3) crew 4) steward 5) alcohol6) passenger 7 attendants提问Ss are required to answer thequestio ns.5m操练（掌握初步或基本能力）Case study: The team-building seminarA computer software company in Los Angeles is organising ateam-building seminar in Vienna for its managers・情景教学Ss learn this part in groups.20m深化（加深对基本能力的体会）TaskYou are either:Manager, IDP^s travel service ( tum to page 151) or Head,Corporate Travel, Universal Airlines (turn to page 153) Youshould keep these roles throughout the case study.务动学任驱歡Ss have a role play・35m归纳（知识和能力）1 ・ Seminar:2. Vocabulary: key words and useful language associated witharranging the seminar.讲授Ss note down the key points.8m训练（巩固拓展检验）Writing:As Head of Corporate Travel at Universal Airlines, write an e-mail to the manager of the hotel chosen for the team-buildingseminar. Confirm the booking, giving details of the number ofparticipants, arrival and departure times, meals, equipment andany other special requirements.写作练习Ss practise the writing・15m总结1 ・ Comments on having the role play2. Methods of writing an e-mail・归纳讲述Ss make a summaryindividually ・3m作业Ask Ss to write an e-mail to me before Friday. 2m 后记Period III: Case study and WritingSteps （步骤）Methods & Tasks (方法、任务)Introduction Lead-in: Review what they have learntAsk Ss to answer the following terms:1) air rage 2) luggage 3) crew 4) steward 5) alcohol 6) passenger 7 attendantsStep One Background:1)Books closed,find out how many of your Ss have been to Vienna and briefly elicit details.2)Tell Ss the title of the case study is the team-buiding seminar and elicit some of the things a team-buiding seminar might cover 弓who might attend and what the aims might be.3)Write the following on the board, minus the answers in brackets:IDPLos Angeles20ViennaFourFridaySunday4)Tell Ss to open their books and read through Backgroud to find out the significance of each one and check what the tean-buiding seminar in the case study is actually for and what it will consist of.5)Check the answers with the whole class.Step Two Part A1)Make sure Ss realise there are four separate but interlinked stages and that they shouldkeep the same role throughout.2)Put Ss in pairs and assign-or get them to choose-roles・ Give them a few minutes toread through the instructions to Stage 1 and the information file relating to their role,checking any vocabulary in their dictionaries or with you.3)Remind them of their work on telephoning in this unit and in Unit 1, and encouragethem to draw on the language and skills they have covered・4)If possible, sit Ss back-to-back for the role play. Circulate and monitor. If some Ssfinish early , tell them to go on to Stage 2.Part B1)Give Ss a few minutes to read through the fax.2)Tell them to close their books and see if they can remember the names of thehotels (Monarch and Dorfmann),the main points about them ( city centre, 5-star versus countryside outside Vienna, 4-star) and date suggested for the meeting (Wednesday 28 Ausgust).Step Three PartC1)Give Ss a few minutes to read through the instructions to Task 3 and the informationfile relating to their role, checking any vocabularly in their dictionaries or with you.2)Elicit some language for making and changing arrangements and write suggestionson the board.3)In pairs, Ss work with a different partner to the one they worked with Stage 1 ・Again sit Ss back-to-back if possible. Circulate and monito匚4)Tell Ss who finish early to start preparing for Task4・5)With the whole calss, find out what Ss agreed for their rearranged meeting.6)Put Ss playing the same role in small groups and give them a few minutes to preparefor the negotiation.7)Allow plenty of time for feedback and discussion at the end・Step Four Writing:Do the task collaboratively in class, or alternatively set it for homework.Conclusion ments on having the role play2.Methods of writing an e-mail.HomeworkAsk Ss to write an e-mail to me before Friday. postscript。
商务英语翻译教程 教案 unit3
1) He was a regular visitor.他以前经常来(形容词转化成副词)
2) A successful scientist must be a good observer.一个成功的科学家一定善于观察(形容词转化成动词)
3) They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员(形容词转化成名词)
5.Conversion
Try to translate the following sentences:
(1). One can never be too careful in thechoiceof one’s friends.选择朋友，越谨慎越好。
(2).You dailed thewrongnumber.你拨错了电话号码。
Class Hour
3
Title
Unit 3Trademarks
Teaching Objectives
1.identify trademarks usually-seen in all kindsof business activities
2.translate Chiness and English trademarks
2.Introduction:
A trademark, trade mark, or trade-mark isa distinctivesignor indicator used by an individual, business organization, or other legal entity to identify that the products or services to consumers with which the trademark appears originate from a unique source, and to distinguish its products or services from those of other entities.
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第三单元I.学习目的与要求通过本单元的学习，认知和应用翻译中的被动语态及其翻译方法，合并翻译法；了解世界贸易组织（WTO）的相关知识、专业术语及其翻译。
II.教学时间：4学时III.教学重难点：1.被动语态的翻译2.合并法IV.教学内容：Section I TextSection II Method and TechniqueSection III ExercisesV．教学方法与手段：讲授为主，配以师生互动实训，PPT等。
VI. 教学步骤一、被动语态的翻译方法（重点）理解：1.英语被动语态在翻译时，取决于具体句子所表达的涵义即汉语表达习惯而定2.在英语中，有一些固定的被动结构，译为汉语时已有定式3.有些英语的被动语态译成中文时，可以按照中文的习惯加上诸如“受…、被…、给…、让…、使…”等词，构成汉语的被动句应用：主动句和被动句的相互转换，固定的翻译结构，利用汉语的被动语态构成词来翻译英语中的被动意义被动句的翻译P36 &37英语中的被动句既可以译成主动句，又可以译成被动句，还可以根据汉语表达形式译成无主句，判断句等。
It was founded in 1993…它创建于1993年（主动句）They are ratified by members’parliaments.它们经成员国议会批准。
（主动句）If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately.如果方案被批准了，这项工程将立即动工。
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.给了他们两天的时间来做准备。
（无主句）Printing was introduced into Europe from China.印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。
（判断句）Our price has already been closely calculated.我方价格是经过精密核算的。
（判断句）有些英语的被动语态译成中文时，可以按中文习惯加上“受，被，给，让…给，遭到，把，使，由，为…所，用，靠，予以”等。
Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity.植物油自古以来就为人们所熟悉。
She was blamed for everything her sister did.The lights have been turned on by him.The crops were washed away by the flood.The finished products must be carefully inspected before delivery.He was elected chairman of the Students’ Union.Boats are moved by oars or by the wind.二、合并翻译法（次重点）应用：将两个或两个以上的词义相同或相近的词组翻译成一个词1.词汇合并2.句子合并合并法：将两个或两个以上词义相同或相近的词组翻译成一个词。
单词合并Tom’s father is dead and gone.汤姆的父亲死了。
He suffered aches and pains all over.She was frightened into shaking and trembling.null and void 无效terms and conditions 条款few and far between 稀少free and clear 无句子合并she waited, but in vain.她白等了。
He was born poor and poor he remained all his life.The train had left before he got to the station.Study hard before it is too late.三、专业知识（一般）识记：WTO的相关知识及其翻译世界贸易组织课后练习答案I. 短文翻译1) 世界贸易组织于1995年成立，是年轻的国际组织之一。
世界贸易组织的前身是关贸总协定，成立于第二次世界大战结束时期。
因此，尽管世界贸易组织很年轻，但是关贸总协定时期建立的多边贸易体系已经有50年的历史了。
1998年5月19日多边贸易体系在日内瓦庆祝其50周年纪念日时，许多国家和政府首脑都到场参加了庆祝活动。
2) 因此，生产者和消费者都知道他们所需的成品、零部件、原材料、服务会得到充足的供应，且选择面广。
生产者和出口商同样明白，国外市场会对他们开放。
3) 与其前身不同的是，世界贸易组织是一个正式组建的实体，它的所有规定对其成员国具有法律的约力，并且它是独立于联合国以外的国际组织。
它为国家贸易法规提供了总的框架，同时也将关税及贸易总协定规定的范围扩大到服务贸易、知识产权和投资贸易。
课文译文Unit Three 世界贸易组织众所周知，世界贸易组织是唯一处理国家之间贸易法规的国际组织，其主要功能是确保国际贸易的顺利进行。
世界贸易组织是1993年由在关税及贸易总协定组织下的，达成了乌拉圭回合多边谈判的《最终法案》建立的。
它取代关税及贸易总协定并继续执行和管理28个自由贸易协议，监督世界贸易和裁定贸易争端。
1995年1月1日，由76个成员国构成的世界贸易组织总理事会开始运作。
到2003年3月它已扩大到145个成员国。
世界贸易组织最终目标就是要建立更加繁荣、和平和责任明确的经济世界。
世界贸易组织的决策通常是由全体成员国一致同意并由成员国议会批准生效。
贸易纠纷经过世界贸易组织的争端和解程序协调解决，主要是解释签订的协议和应尽的义务，并且确保各成员国遵守相应的贸易政策。
这样，大大降低了由贸易纠纷扩大成政治或军事上冲突的危险。
通过降低贸易壁垒，世界贸易组织拆除了各民族、各国家间的其他壁垒。
世界贸易组织的核心----多边贸易体系----是由世界上大多数贸易国经过协商谈判并签署的多个协议，这些协议同时也经过成员国议会批准生效。
这些协议是国际商业的基本法律准则。
就其本质而言，这些协议主要是确保成员国重要贸易权益的合约。
它们还制约各国政府在预先约定的范围内为了各自的利益而执行相应的贸易政策。
这些协议是由政府间协商并签署的。
其目的是帮助生产商、服务机构、出口商、进口商更好地进行贸易，以提高成员国人民的福利水平。
在过去的50年里，世界贸易有了惊人的增长，商品出口平均每年增长6%。
1997年贸易总额是1950年的14倍。
关贸总协定和世界贸易组织帮助建立了繁荣的贸易体系，促使世界贸易出现了前所未有的增长。
多边贸易体系是在关贸总协定组织下经过一系列或多回合的贸易谈判发展起来的。
第一轮谈判主要涉及减免关税，后来的谈判涉及到反倾销和免关税措施等各个领域。
最新一轮谈判---1986年至1994年的乌拉圭回合谈判---产生了世界贸易组织。
全体成员国共同作出每一项决策。
少数服从多数的做法也是可行的，但在世界贸易组织中却从未使用过，就是在世界贸易组织的前身关贸总协定中也是极少见的。
世界贸易组织的所有协议已经通过全体成员国的议会批准。
世界贸易组织的最高决策机构是部长级会议，至少每两年召开一次。
部长会议之下是总理事会（通常指成员国驻日内瓦代表团特使及首脑，但有时是来自成员国政府的官员），每年在日内瓦总部都要召开多次会议，总理事会也作为贸易政策评审机构和争端协调机构而召开会议。
下一级是商品贸易委员会、服务贸易委员会和知识产权委员会，他们向总理事会汇报工作。
另外，还有许多特别委员会和执行小组和文件起草工作组处理单个的协议及其他领域的问题，如环境、发展、成员资格申请和地区贸易协议等等。
提到世界贸易组织的成就，就不能不提争端协调体系，在许多方面该体系是多边贸易体系的中心支柱，也是世界贸易组织对全球经济稳定做出的巨大贡献。
新的世界贸易组织比其前身关贸总协定更强大、更自觉也更值得信赖。
其表现是，越来越多的国家利用争端协调体系来解决贸易纠纷，而且越来越倾向于用“庭外和解”的方法来解决争端。
整个体系按预期那样运作---主要力争通过调解来解决争端，而不是仅仅作出裁决。
争端协调体系通过减少单方面的行动，成为保护弱小国家能进行公平交易的保障。
如果没有解决争端的手段，法规就不能被贯彻，那么以法规为基础的贸易体系将毫无意义。
世界贸易组织的程序强调依法贸易，这样才能使整个贸易更加安全稳定。
整个解决争端体系建立在明确法规的基础之上，对每个案例都列有时间表。
一个专门的小组做出初次裁决，然后由世界贸易组织成员国批准或否决，还可以依法上诉。
然而，关键不是做出裁决与否，最主要的是，如有可能要通过协商解决问题。
到1997年初为止，71个案件中已有19个通过“庭外和解”得以解决，没有经过全部的小组裁决过程。
解决争端的原则是：平等、快捷、高效、双方接受。
如果法庭发现刑事案件越来越多，那是否意味着法制正在被人践踏呢？未必如此。
有时这恰恰意味着人们更加信任法庭和法律，他们求助于法庭而不是自己解决纠纷。
这大体上就是现在世界贸易组织中所发生的一切。
世界贸易组织的成员们已经达成共识，如果他们认为某些成员国违反了贸易法规，他们将借助于多边体系中解决争端的原则来解决问题，而不是单方面解决纠纷。
这意味着遵守既定的程序，尊重判决。
通常，当一个国家采用一种贸易政策措施或采取某一行动，而另外一个或多个世界贸易组织成员国认为其违反了世界贸易组织协议，或者没有履行义务时，就会发生纠纷。
第三国也可以宣称此事关系到它的利益并且它享有一些权利。
在以前的关贸总协定中也有解决争端的程序，但它没有固定的时间表，裁决很容易被拖延，许多案件拖了很长时间也没有结果。
乌拉圭回合协议引入了结构更加严谨的解决争端程序，明确规定了解决每个案件时间期限，同时灵活处理不同阶段的最后期限。
协议强调如果世界贸易组织要高效运作必须快速解决争端，它还详细叙述了解决争端应遵守的程序和时间表。
提出申诉之后，如果某一案件经过全部过程后得到初次裁决，正常情况下整个时间不应超过一年至15个月。
乌拉圭回合协议还使败诉国不能拖延执行裁决。
在前关贸总协定的相关程序中，只有成员国一致接受才能执行裁决，这意味着单个的反对意见也能阻碍执行解决。
然而，现在裁决将自动执行，除非对一项裁决全体成员国反对----任何想要阻止执行某一裁决的国家必须说服所有其他世界贸易组织成员（包括它在此案中的对手）接受它的观点。