《英语词汇学》期末考试试卷附答案
词汇学试题及答案
词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的科学，它主要研究的是语言中的（）。
A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的意义C. 词汇的运用D. 词汇的演变答案：A2. 下列哪一项不是词汇学的研究内容？（）A. 词义的演变B. 词义的分类C. 词义的辨析D. 语法规则答案：D3. 词汇学中，词素是指（）。
A. 构成词的基本单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的意义单位答案：A4. 在词汇学中，语义场是指（）。
A. 词义的分类B. 词义的演变C. 词义的辨析D. 一组词义相关的词答案：D5. 词汇学研究中，同义词是指（）。
A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 形式相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：B6. 下列哪一项不是词汇学中词义的分类？（）A. 抽象意义B. 具体意义C. 语法意义D. 色彩意义答案：C7. 词汇学中，词义的演变通常包括（）。
A. 词义的扩大B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 以上都是答案：D8. 词汇学中，词义的辨析主要研究的是（）。
A. 词与词之间的联系B. 词与词之间的差异C. 词与词之间的相似性D. 词与词之间的对立答案：B9. 在词汇学中，词义的模糊性是指（）。
A. 词义的不确定性B. 词义的明确性C. 词义的多重性D. 词义的单一性答案：A10. 词汇学中，词义的多义性是指（）。
A. 一个词有多种意义B. 一个词只有一种意义C. 一个词的意义是固定的D. 一个词的意义是单一的答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学中的词素是指构成词的________。
答案：基本单位2. 语义场是指一组________的词。
答案：词义相关3. 同义词是指意义________的词。
答案：相近4. 词义的演变包括词义的________、________和________。
答案：扩大、缩小、转移5. 词义的辨析主要研究的是词与词之间的________。
词汇学期末复习题及答案
Supplementary Exercises for ME. Lexicology 1Part I Multiple choices.1.The definition of a word includes ___________.A. a minimal free form that can function aloneB. a unit of meaningC. a sound unityD. all of the above2. A word is _______ of a language that has a given sound and meaning andsyntactic function.A. a minimal free formB. a smallest meaningful unitC. an element which can not be further analyzedD. a grammatically minimal form3.The Indo-European language family consist of________.A. all the languages in Europe and IndiaB. all the languages in India and some languages in Europe.C. most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.D. Some of the languages of Europe and all the languages of the Near East4.The symbolic connection of a word to a particular thing is almost always ______.A. logicalB. arbitraryC. inherentD. automatic5.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be ______.A. A highly inflected language.B. A highly developed language.C. A very difficult language.D. A language of leveled endings.6.More than one variant, which can realize some morphemes according to theposition in a word, are termed .A. phonemesB. allomorphsC. morphsD. phones7.Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships areknown as .A. morphemesB. derivational morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. suffixes8.is defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming orderivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as .A. derivation, affixationB. affixation, derivationC. derivative, affixationD. affixation, derivative9.Sometimes, the meaning of a compound can be inferred from its separateelements, for example, .A. hot dogB. red meatC. flower potD. fat head10.is universal to all men alike regardless of culture, race, language and soon while belongs to language, so is restricted to language use.A. meaning, conceptB. concept, meaningC. sense, referenceD. reference, sense11.When readers come across the word “home” in reading, they may be reminded oftheir family, friends, warmth, safety, love. That is because of the “home” has _______.A. collocationsB. connotationsC. denotationsD. perorations12.Which of the following belongs to a semantic field?A. steed, charger, palfrey, plug, nagB. pony, mustang, mule, stud, mareC. policeman, constable, bobby, copD. domicile, residence, abode, home13.Which group of the following are perfect homonyms?A. dear (a loved person)—deer (a kind of animal)B. bow (bending the head as a greeting)—bow(the device used for shooting)C. bank (the edge of the river)—bank (an establishment for money business)D. right (correct)—write (put down on paper with a pen)14.The part of a piece of writing or speech which surrounds a word and helps toexplain its meaning is called _______.A. Linguistic contextB. Grammatical contextC. Extra-linguistic contextD. Para-linguistic context15.means through all difficulties and troubles.A. through high and lowB. through thick and thinC .from head to foot D. from start to finishPart II True or false questions.1. A rule of word-formation is usually identical with a syntactic rule.2.Word-formation rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes to a certainextent.3.Affixes like “-th” are very productive in current English.4.The chief function of prefixes is to change the word class of the stems.5.The primary function of suffixes is to change the meaning of the stem.pounds are words formed by combining affixes and stems.7.“-age, -al, -ance, -ation, -ence”in “linkage, dismissal, attendance, protection,existence” can produce largely concrete nouns by being added to verb stems.8.The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of stems.9.The free phrase has the primary stress on the first element and the secondarystress, if any, on the second.10.In both compounds and free phrases the adjective element can take inflectionalsuffixes.11.Conversion is only a change of grammatical function of a lexical item with noloss of its different range of meaning originally conveyed.12.A fully converted noun from an adjective has all the features of nouns excepttaking an indefinite article or, -(e)s to indicate singular or plural number.13.Generally, conjunctions, modals, finite verbs, prepositions can’t be converted tonouns.14.Although blends and backformed words have already achieved popularity inEnglish, they are not advisable to be used frequently in formal writing.15.Quite a number of derivational affixes have more than one meaning.16.Simple words in English are usually non-motivated.17.Lexical meaning is dominant in content words.ponential analysis has no disadvantages.19.Polysemic and homonymous words are stylistically useful to achieving humor orirony, or to heighten dramatic effect.20.In most cases, the native term is more literary than the foreign one.Part III Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.1.Morphemes are a bstract______ units, which are realized in speech by discreteunits known as m orph_______. The morpheme is to the morph what a phoneme _____ is to a phone. Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph.Such alternative morphs are known as a llomorphs___________.2. A word is a minimal f ree_______ form of a language that has a given sound andmeaning and syntactic function.3.Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called_empty_____ words.4.According to semantics, a word is a unit of m eaning.5.Bound morphemes include b ound roots and a ffixes.6.The most productive means of word formation are a ffixation,c ompounding and c onversion.7.Only when a connection has been, established between the linguistic sign and ar eferent, does the sign become meaningful.8.Most morphemes are realized by single words like "bird, tree, green", etc, Wordsof these kinds are called m onomorphemic words.9.With N orse invasion____, many Scandinavian words came into the Englishlanguage.10.Antonyms are classified on the basis of s emantic opposition.Part IV Explain the following terms with proper examples.1.Explain with examples morpheme, morph and allomorph2.Semantic fieldPart V Answer the following questions.1.What is collocative meaning? Give at least one example to illustrate your point.2.Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. Ifyou find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.3.Analyzes the morphological structures of the following words and point out thetypes of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisonerAnswers for Exercise 1Part I Multiple choices.1-5 DACBA 6-10 BCBCB 11-15 BBCABPart II True or false questions.1.F2.T3.F4.F5.F6.F7.F8.F9.F 10.F 11.F 12.F 13.F 14.T 15.T 16. T 17. T 18. F 19. T 20. FPart III Fill in the blanks.1. abstract, morph, phoneme, allomorphs2. free3. empty4. meaning5. bound, affixes6. affixation, compounding, conversion7. referent8. monomorphemic9. Norse invasion 10. semantic oppositionPart IV Explain the following terms1. In morpheme-based morphology, a morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. A morpheme is free if it can stand alone, or bound if it is used exclusively alongside a free morpheme.Morphs are the actual phonetic representations of the same morpheme.An allomorph is a variant form of the same morpheme, and all the morphs of the same morpheme are grouped as being the allomorphs of a morpheme. The concept occurs when a unit of meaning can vary in sound (phonologically) without changing meaning.English example:The word "unbreakable" has three morphemes: "un-", a bound morpheme;"break", a free morpheme; and "-able", a bound morpheme. "un-" is also a prefix, "-able" is a suffix. Both "un-" and "-able" are affixes.The morpheme plural-s has the morph "-s", /s/, in cats (/kæts/), but "-es", /ɨz/, in dishes (/dɪʃɨz/), and even the voiced "-s", /z/, in dogs (/dɒgz/). "-s". These are allomorphs of the same morpheme plural -s.2. The concept is from the concept of “field” in physics, referring to the clustering of a number of semantically related words. A semantic field is a set of lexemes in a named conceptual area that interrelate and define each other in specific ways. A general description is that words in a semantic field are not synonymous, but are all used to talk about the same general phenomenon. For example, the semantic field of “bugs” may include bees, spiders, moths, wasps, flies etc. According to semantic field theory a meaning of a word is dependent partly on its relation to other words in the same conceptual area. The kinds of semantic fields vary from culture to culture.Part V Answer the following questions.1. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with: pretty handsome.2. The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.（1）it is ambiguous（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves2）police stop people drinking（4）improvement1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.3. Morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. The morphological analysis of the three words are as follows:1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable (un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2) Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3) All the rest un-,-able, inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.Supplementary Exercises for ME. Lexicology 2Part I Multiple choices.1.From the phrase “ a white paper”, we know that the meaning of the word “paper”here is “document”. This shows that the _______ context can define the meaning of a word.A. extra-linguisticB. grammaticalC. lexicalD. situational2.The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called_____.A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor3.Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effectsA. humorB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above4.Which of the following statements is Not correct?A. A word can be formed by two free morphemesB. A word can be formed by a free morpheme and a bound morphemeC. A word can be formed by two bound morphemesD. A word can be formed by any two affixes.5.In different languages, the same concepts can be represented by different sounds,which shows __________.A. the relationship between sound and meaning can not be established.B. there are different logical relations between sound and meaningC. the relation between sound and meaning is a matter of conventionD. the concepts are not really the same6.The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are ______.A. historical reason and class reasonB. historical reason an psychological reasonC. class &psychological reasonD. extra-linguistic factors &linguistic factors7.Old English vocabulary was in essence ________ with a small quantity of wordsborrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.A. CelticB. GermanicC. RomanD. Irish8.is the basic form of a word, which can't be further analyzed without totalloss of identity.A. StemB. RootC. MorphemeD. Affix9.is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning but has to beused in combination with other morphemes to make words.A. Free rootB. Bound rootC. MorphemeD. Bound morpheme10.The most productive means of word-formation in modern English are thefollowing except .A. compoundingB. affixationC. acronymD. conversion11.The meanings of many compounds and derivatives are the total of thecombined.A. morphsB. allomorphsC. rootsD. morphemes12.The relationship between the word-form and meaning is ____. Most words can besaid to be___.A. prescriptive, motivatedB. prescriptive, non-motivatedC. arbitrary, motivatedD. arbitrary, non-motivated13.____ is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning.A. Grammatical meaningB. Denotative meaningC. Associative meaningD. Connotative meaning14.“parent/child, husband/wife, predecessor/successor” are ______ .A. contrary termsB. contradictory termsC. relative termsD. complementary terms15.“au revoir and Bye”is a pair of synonyms resu lting from____.A. borrowingB. dialects and regional EnglishC. figurative &euphemistic use of wordsD. with idiomatic expressions16.From the phrase “examination paper”, we know that the meaning of the word“paper” here is “a set of questions at the end of the term”. This shows that the _______ context can define the meaning of a word.A. extra-linguisticB. grammaticalC. lexicalD. situational17.means damage from continuous use.A. fair and spareB. toil and moilC. wear and tearD. kith and kin18.More often than not, functional words only have .A. lexical meaningB. associative meaningC. collocative meaningD. grammatical meaning19.It is estimated that English borrowings constitute ______of the modern Englishvocabulary.A. 50 percentB. 50 percentC. 80 percentD. 65 percent20.Functional words do _______ work of expression in English on average thancontent words.A. far moreB. lessC. equalD. similarPart II True or false questions.1.Differences can be found between American and British English in pronunciation,spelling, grammar and vocabulary.2.When a prefix is added to a word, its word-class is usually changed.3. A special dictionary deals with one sector of the lexicon of the language.4.Words in the same semantic field do not have a number of collocations incommon.5. A word is a unity of sound and meaning, capable of performing a givensyntactical function.6.Most loan words are borrowed from foreign languages without any change insound and spelling.7.An allomorph is one of the variant forms of a morpheme.8.Conversion means the transfer of a word from one class to another.9.The relation between a word symbol and its meaning is mostly arbitrary andconventional.ponential analysis is to break down the conceptual sense of a word into itsminimal distinctive components.11.Psychological research found that vocabulary is stored redundantly only asindividual morphemes.12.In the following 2 sentences, “How long is he?”“How young are you?” , the twowords long and young are both marked.13.Idioms are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individualconstituents.14.“Diamond cut diamond.” is syntactically wrong, and should be revised into“Diamond cuts diamond.”15.Fortuitous formerly denoted “happening by chance”, and later took on themeaning “fortunate” by analogy, because the two words look similar in shape. Part III Explain the following terms with proper examples.1. Explain with examples root, stem and base.2. Semantic motivation3. Sense and reference4. Idiom5. MetonymyPart IV Answer the following questions.1.The ‘pen' is mightier than the ‘sword'. Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' meanrespectively using the theory of motivation.2.How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation?Give examples to illustrate your point.ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of hyponymy.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.Answers for Exercise 2Part I Multiple choices.1-5 CBDCC 6-10 DBBBC 11-15 DDBCA 16-20 CCDCAPart II True or false questions.1. T 2 . F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. T 11. F 12. F 13. T 14. F 15. TPart III Explain the following terms with proper examples.1. A root is that part of a word form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed.Thus it cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. Root is the primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content. For example, the lexical root of “chatter” is chat.A stem is that part of a word which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. For example, photographer: photographer; destabilized: destabilizeA base refers to a form to which affixes of any kind (both derivational and inflectional) can be added. It can be a root or a stem. For example,The base of “undesirable” is “desirable”; and that of “desired” is “desire”.2. Semantic Motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. For example, when we say the mouth of a river, we associate the opening part of the river with the mouth of a human being or an animal. There are basically 4 types of semantic motivation, and they are: oonomatopoeic motivation, morphological motivation, semantic motivation and etymological motivation.3. The distinction was first made by Gottlob Frege between abstract ideas and concrete objects of sensation. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is objectified by not considering particular situations and the real intentions of speakers and writers. The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationship with other expressions in the language. Reference refers to what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world. It deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.4. An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be determined by the literal definition of the phrase itself, but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through common use. Idioms are semantically united and structurally stable. For example, Kick the bucket is an idiom, meaning “to die”. Structurally, we can not say “The bucket is kick by John” while still keep its meaning stable.5. Metonymy refers to the rhetorical device in which the name of one thing is used for that of another associated with it. For example, the expression in the cradle means to be in one’s childhood, because cradle is used for the young babies and closely relatedto the young age of one.Part IV Answer the following questions.1. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word. In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.2. (1) Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases. For example, movement is f ormed by add a suffix “-ment” to the root “move”.(2) Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes. For example, “edit” is created out of “editor” on the mistake n assumption that the agentive suffix.3. Hyponymy refers to the semantic relationship of inclusion, in which the meaning of more specific word is included in that of another more general word. For example, tulip and rose are hyponyms of flower. The more specific words tulip and rose are called hyponyms or subordinate terms of the more general word flower. And flower is named hypernym or superordinate terms of tulip and rose. In the following 2 sentences, such a relation is indicated as follows:Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week MondaySupplementary Exercises for ME. Lexicology 3Part I Multiple choices.1. A may consist of a single morpheme as in "iron" or of twomorphemes as in a compound like "handcuff".A. stem, root, rootB. root, stem, stemC. stem, stem, rootD. root, root, stem2.Degradation of meaning is the opposite of .A. semantic transferB. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevationD. semantic narrowing3.Which group of the following are acronyms?A. VOA, AIDS, BASIC, D-DayB. CORE, Laser, TEFL, NATOC. G-man, BBC, BASIC, NATOD. TV, ID, TB, UFO4.Which of the following statements is false?A. Conversion refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.B. Words mainly involved in conversion are nouns, verbs and adverbs.C. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with adjectives when converted to nouns.D. The conversion between nouns and verbs may involve a change of stress.5.Which of the following is incorrect?A. “airmail” means “mail by air”B. “reading-lamp” means “lamp for reading”C. “green horn” is the horn green in colorD. “hopeless” is “without hope”6.____ is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning.A. Grammatical meaningB. Denotative meaningC. Associative meaningD. Connotative meaning7.Antonyms can be classified into three major groups except______ .A. evaluative termsB. contrary termsC. contradictory termsD. relative terms8.“win” and “gain the upper hand”，“hesitate” and“ be in two minds” are two pairsof synonyms resulting from ____.A. coincidence with idiomatic expressionsB. figurative &euphemistic use of words.C. dialects and regional EnglishD. borrowing9.The meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs.The structure in which the word in question appears can be called ________ context.A. situationalB. morphologicalC. lexicalD. grammatical10.means something useless and unwanted but big and costly.A. white elephantB. dark elephantC. white horseD. dark horse11.Linguistic context is also known as context.A. socialB. verbalC. LexicalD. physical12.The pronunciation of a language has changed more ______ than spelling over theyears.A. systematicallyB. arbitrarilyC. logicallyD. rapidly13.The English alphabet was adopted from _______.A. Anglo-SaxonB. the RomansC. GreekD. Sanskrit14.The first peoples known to inhabit what is now England are ________.A. Anglo-SaxonsB. French speaking NormansC. CeltsD. Jutes15.English is more closely related to ____________.A. German than French.B. French to GermanC. Welsh than GermanD. Irish than Dutch16.In the words "recollection, idealistic, and ex-prisoner", "re-, -ion, -ist, -ic, ex-, and-er" are .A. prefixesB. suffixesC. free morphemesD. bound morphemes Part II Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.1.Words taken over from foreign languages are known as l oan_________ words.2.One of the variants realizing a morpheme is called a llomorph.3.C ompounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.4.The word meaning is made up of g rammatical meaning andl exical meaning, which itself has two components:c onceptual meaning and associative meaning.5.When a word was created, it was endowed with p rimary meaning. With theadvance of time and the development of language it took on more and mored erived meanings.6.A rgot__ refers to the jargon of criminals. Its use is confined to the sub-culturalgroups, and outsiders can hardly understand it.7.In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learningancient Greek and roman classics, which is known in history as the R enascence_________.8.Affixes can be grouped into d erivational and i nflectional affixes.9.Words do not change in morphological structure but in function, which is knownas f unctional shift.10.Synonyms can be grouped into absolute synonyms andr elative synonyms.11.The Indo-European Language Family is made up of most of the languages ofEurope, the Near East, and I ndia______.12.Old English was a highly i nflectional________ language just like modernGerman.13.The allomorphs of the plural morpheme can be realized by z ero morphas in "deer—deer", "fish—fish".14.A melioration_______ refers to the process by which words rise from humblebeginnings to position of more importance.15.Some words which are used to denote one thing but later changed to denotesomething else have experienced the process of semantic transfer/transference _____.16.Opposite to d enotative____ meaning, connotative meaning refers to the overtonesor associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.17.Martin Joos (1962) in his The Five ClocksI suggests five degrees of formality:f rozen___, formal, consultative, casual, and initimate.18.Homonyms are classified into perfect homonyms, homographs andh omophones______.19.“parent –child” is a pair of r elational______ opposites.20.Words like now/then, here/there, tomorrow/yesterday are used to refer directly tothe personal temporal or locational characteristics of a situation. They are called deictic ____ words.Part III Explain the following terms with proper examples.ponential analysis2.Explain the term connotative meaning, with examples.3.schemataPart IV Answer the following questions.1.What are the stylistic features of idioms?2.Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully identical with regard to spelling andpronunciation. This creates the problem of differentiation. Please design a way to distinguish the two concepts?Answers for Exercise 3Part I Multiple choices.1-5 ACBBC 6-10 BAADA 11-15 BABCA 16 DPart II Fill in the blanks.1. loan2. allomorph3. compounding4. grammatical, lexical, conceptual, associative5. primary, derived6. argot7. Renascence8. derivational, inflectional9. functional 10. absolute, relative 11. India 12. inflectional/inflected 13. zero 14. amelioration 15. transfer/transference 16. denotative 17. frozen 18. homophone 19. relational 20. deicticPart III Explain the following terms with proper examples.1. Componential analysis also called feature analysis or contrast analysis. It is a。
英语词汇学(二) 期末考试试题及参考答案
Test 2I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through theuse of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user‘s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines 词汇学题目_文库下载/doc/26fe481ca300a6c30c229f93.html and academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot。
词汇学试题及答案
词汇学试题及答案【篇一：词汇学试题】ss=txt>i choose the best answer from the four choices. (30‘)1. the M sll in —drumsll is ___ .a. a free morphemeb.a stemc. a rootd.an inflectional affix2. a word is the combi nation of form and _______ ・a. spellingb. writingc. meaningd. denoting3. trumpet is a(n) _____ motivated word・a. morphologically b semanticallyc. phoneticallyd. etymologicall4. ____ i s a pair of emotive synonyms・a. —dadll and —fatherllb.—flatll and —apartmentllb. c.—meanil and —frugallld.—chargell and —accusell5. the word —Ianguagell is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person's language.this is called _______ ・a. scientific Ianguageb.idiolectb. c.colloquial language d.formal language6. the meaning of the word fond changed from foolish to affectionate by mode of ______ .a. extensionb. narrowingc. elevationd. degradation7. degradation can be illustrated by the followingexample ____ .b. a. lewd —> ignorant b. silly —> foolishc. c・ Iast —> pleasured・ knave —> boy8. english lexicology embraces morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics and _____ ・a. linguisticsb・ pragmaticsc・ Iexicographyd・ phonology 9. which of the following is incorrect?a —airmailll means —mail by airllb. —reading-lampll means —lamp for readingllc. —green hornil is the horn green in colord. —hopelessll is —without hopeIIlO.which group of the following are perfect homonyms?a. dear (a loved person)—deer (a kind of animal)b. bow (bending the head as a greeting)—bow(the device used forshooting)c. bank(the edge of the river)—bank (an establishment for money business)d. right (correct)—write (put down on paper with a pen)11. the following are the main sources of homonyms excepta. change in meaningb. change in sound c ・change in spelling d. borrowing42. antonyms can be classified into three major groups except ・a. evaluative termsb. contrary termsc. complementary termsd. conversive terms13. —parent/child, husband/wife, predecessor/ successorllarea. contrary termsb. contradictory termsc. conversive terms d・ complementary terms14, _________________________________________ there are2 main process of sense -shift except ______________ .a. radiationb. concatenationc. borrowing45. according to morphology, there are 2 types of classifications except ____ ・a. root antonymsb. derivative antonymsc・ contraries46. there are derivative antonyms except____ ・a pleasant-—unpleasant b. polite---impolitec. war-一antiwar d・ large一一small17. there are complementary antonyms except ___ ・a. child----girlb. single—marriedc. dead-™alived. brother—sister48. there are 3classifications of homonyms except _____ ・a. perfect homonymsb. homographsc. homophonesd. contrary homonyms・19. modern english is derived from the Ianguage of earlytribes.a. greekb. romanc・ italiand. germanic20. the prehistoric indo-europea n pare nt Ian guage is thoughtto be a highly _____ Ianguage・a. inflected b・ derivedc・ developedd・ analyzed4.in modern english one may find some words whose soundssuggest their ____ ・2」exical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _______________ .3. ___ t he meanings of many words often relate directly to their _____ ・ in the words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word・4. part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs all belong to _______ meaning.5.1 exicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _______________ of words・6. generally speaking,linguistics is the ______ study ofIan guage ・7. there are two main approaches to study of english lexicology,that is ___ and ____ ・8・“tulip”and “rose”，are ____ of <<flower,,.u flower,,is the superordinate term and u tulip,,,u rose n are the _______ term.8. at the beginning of the fifth century britain was invaded by three tribes from the northern europe:angles, _____ and _____ 9. four group of loanword s ______ , ________ , _____ a n d _______ .iii. put the following words into the appropriate blanks.(4O') flock herd school troop pride1. a __ of cattle2.a ____ o f monkeys3. a __ of lions4.a ___ of sheep5. a __ offishiv. judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.(24. 『elations between meanings of words can be synonymy, antonymy or hyponymy.2. in semantics, meaning of Ianguage is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to the physical world of experie nee.3. grammatical meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning which indicates grammatical concepts・4. the connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary.5. —male/female, present/absentllare contrary terms・v. define the following terms.(2,+4,=6,)1. word2. motivatio nvi. answer the following questions .(6,+6,+8,=20,) 1 ・ what is the d iff ere nee betwee n homonyms and polysemy? how to differentiate them?2. how do linguists divide the history of the english language for analysis?3. discuss some of the characteristics of antonyms.答案1. d.2.c3.c4.c5.b6.c 7b 8.c 9.c 10 c 11.a12. a 13.c 14.c 15.c 16.d 17.a 18.d 19.d 2O.aii.1. meaning2.associated meaning3.origins4.grammatical5. meani ngs6. s cientific7.synchronlc,diachronic 8,hyponymys, superordinate8. sax on s,jutes9. aliens, denizens,translation・loans,semantic borrowings • • •IIIherd troopprideflockschooliv1. t2.f3.t4.f5.tV・1. a word is a minimum free form,that is to say,the smallest form that may appear in isolation・2. motivation acco unts for the conn ection betwee n the linguistic symbol and its meaning.most words can said to benon-motivated.that is,the conn ection of the sign and meaning does not have logical connectionexplanation.neverthelss,english does have words whose meanings can be explained to a certain extent.vi.1 ・ homonyms refer to d iff ere nt words which happe n to share the same form and polysemy refer to the fact that the same word has several distinguishable meanings・ by seeing their etymology, we can distinguish them, i. e. homonyms are from d iff ere nt sources while a polysemy is from the same source which has acquireddifferent meanings in the course of development. the secondprincipal consideration is semantic relatedness・ the various meaning of a polysemy are correlated and connected to do with one another, additionally, In dictionary, a polysemy has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries・2. three periods in the development of english language (vocabulary)1) old english or anglo-saxon period (449-1100)1 much of the old english vocabulary was borrowed from latin 如bargain, cheap, inch, pound; cup, dish, wall, wine, etc2 old english was a highly in fleeted language .it has a complete system of declensions of words2) middle english period ( 1100-1500 )1 french influence and norman conquest in 1066law and government administration: military affairs> religion、art 2 middle english is becoming from highly inflected language to analytic language3) modern english period (1500-)【篇二：词汇学考试题目】1.in old english there was ______ agreement between sound form.()a moreb. littlec. lessd. gradual2. both Idee and cceld are ______ ・()a. general dictionariesb monolingual dictionariesc. both a and bd. neither a and b3. the word miniskirt is ______ ・()a. morphologically motivatedb etymologically motivatedc. semantically motivatedd. none of the above4. the most important way of vocabulary development in present-dayenglish is _______ ・()a borrowingb. semantic changec. creation of new wordsd. all the above5. beneralization is a process by which a word that originallyhad a specialized meaning has now become ________ ・()a. generalizedb. expandedc. elevatedd・ degraded6. _________________________ some morphemes have as they are realized by morethan one morph according to their position in word.()a. alter native morphsb. single morphsc. abstract unitsd. discrete units7.old english vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from latin and Scandinavian・()a. italicb germanicc. Celticd. hellenica. semanticsb. grammarc. phoneticsd. Iexicology9.if two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called ____________ .()a. repetitionb. alliterationc. rhymed. none of the abovelO.which of the following words is a functional word?()a. oftenb. neverc. althoughd. desk41. _______________________________ rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _____________________________ ・()a. semantic unityb. structural stabilityc. idiomatic variationd. figure of speech12.the advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _________________ .()a. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyb understand idioms correctlyc. remember idioms quicklyd. try a new method of classification13. borrowing as a source of homonymy in english can be illustrated by _______ .()a. long (not short)b. ball (a dancing party)c. rock (rocknroll)d. ad (advertisement)14. the change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors except _______ .()a. the influx of borrowingb. repetitionc. analogyd ・ shortening15. w hich of the following is not a comp orient of linguistic context?()a. words and phrases ・b. sentencesc. text or passaged. time and placeii. match the words or expressions in column a with those in column b according to 1 )types of meaning changes; 2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context. (10%)16. seandinavian ( ) l (place where things are made) 22. participants ( ) g.determined23. difference in denotation ( ) h.pigheaded24. appreciative ( ) i.non-linguistic25. pejorative ( ) j.iron (a device for smoothing clothes)iii. study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2) types of word formation or prefixes. (20%))17. germanic () 18. extension () 49.narrowing () 21. ambiguity () b. grammaticalc.d ouble meaning d.s wedish f. dutch27. mote I ()()29. blueprint ()30. preliminaries ()31. southward ()32. demilitarize ()33. hypersensitive ()34. retell ()35. multi-purposes ()iv. define the following terms. (10%)36. acr onymy37. native words38. elevatio n39. stylistic meaning40. monolingral dictionaryV・answer the following questions. your answers should the clear and short・ write your answers in the space given below・(10%)41 ・how many types of motivation are there in english? give one example for each type・42. what are the major sources of english synonyms? illustrate your points・Vl.analyze and comment on the following. write your answers in the space given below・(20%)43. a nalyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.recollection, nationalist, unearthly英语词汇学试题参考答案I. (30%)1. a2.c3.a4.c5.a6.a7.b8.d9.b 10.c 11.d 12.a 13.b 14.b 15.d II. (10%)16. d17. f18. a19. j20. b21. c22.i23. e24. g25. hm.(2o%)26. bound root27. (head+tail) blending28.inflectional affix/morpheme30. full conversion31. derivational suffix32. derivation33. prefix of degree34. derivational prefix35. number prefixIV. (10%)36. the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms・37. n ative words, also known as anglo-saxon words, are words brought to britian in the 5th century by the germanic tribes・38. the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importanee.39. the distinctlve stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.40. a dictio nary writte n in one language, or a dicti on ary in which entries are defined in the same Ianguage.V. (10%)41. there are four types of motivation:1) onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2) morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3) semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4) etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.42. key points:borrowing; dialects and regional english; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidenee with idiomatic expressions.VL(20%)43.1) each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection (re+collect+ion) ,nationalist(nation+al+ist) ,unearthly (un+earth+ly).2) of the nine morphemes, only collect,nation and earth are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves・3) all the rest re-,-ion，-al,-ist,un・ and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words・【篇三：英语词汇学试题】write the terms in the blanks according to the definitions・(20 points)4. a minimal meaningful unit of a language ()2. one of the variants that realize a morpheme ()3. a morpheme that occurs with at least one other morpheme ()4. a morpheme that can stand alone ()5. a morpheme attached to a stem alone ()6. an affix that indicates grammatical relations ()7. an affix that forms new words with a stem or root ()8. what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes ()9. a form to which affixes of any kind can be added ()40. the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words () ii. form negatives pf each of the following words by using one of these prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non・，un-. (40 points) smoker capablepractical obey security relevant mature ability officially willingnesslegal agreement logicalloyal convenientathleic moral regularhonest likeiii. decide whether the following statements are true or false・ (20 points)english is more closely related to german than french.2. old english was a highly inflected Ianguage・3. middle english absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but withlittle change in word endings・4. conversions refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class・5. words mainly invoIved in conversation are nouns, verbs, and adverbs.6. motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning ・7. unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstableandin determinate.8. perfect homonyms share the same spelling and pronounciation ・9. contradictory terms do not show degrees・10. antonyms should be opposites of similar intensity.iv. study the sentences below and give and antonyms to the word in bold type in each context. (20 points)4. the discussion enabled them to have a clear idea of the nature of the problem.2. they are faced with clear alter natives ・3. his grandfather's mind was not clear during the time he made the will.4. i'd like to get a clear plastic bag to carry this・5. wash the substances with clear cold water.6. the singefs voice remai ned pure and clear throughout the eveni ng.7. all colors were clear, the river below her was brilliant blue・8. her eyes behind the huge spectacles are clear andun troubled ・9. now that Pve told her everyth!ng, i can leave with a clear con scie nee.10. he is a shortish man of clear complexion.参考答案英语词汇学i. 1.morpheme 2. allomorph 3. bound morpheme 4. free morpheme 5. affix6. inflectional affix7. derivational affix8. root9. stem 10. etymology11. n onsmoker, in capable, impractical, discovery, insecurity, irrelevant, immature,inability/disability, unofficially, unwillingness, illegal, disagreeme nt, illogical, disloyal, inco nv enient, non athletic, immoral, irregular, dishonest, dislikeiii. l.t 2.t 3.f 4.t 5.f 6.t 7.t 8.t 9.t 10.tiv. 1. confusing 2. ambiguous 3. muddled 4. opaque 5. dirty6. harsh7. dull8. shifty9. guiltylO. blemished。
英语词汇学(一) 期末考试试题及参考答案
15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]
A. are complex words.
Test 1
I.Stylistics is the study of style. It is concerned with the user‘s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effects
A. situation B. context C. time D. place
B. are technical words
C. refer to the commonest things in life.
D. denote the most important concepts.
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）
B. Danish origin
C. Latin origin
D. Greek origin
14. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.
D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation
4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]
词汇学试卷及答案
词汇学试卷及答案1.With the（）of Mary, all the girl students are eager to go to the party. [单选题] *A.exhibition(正确答案)B.exceptionC.exceptD.reception2.Although the trffic is not busy, he likes to drive at a （）speed. [单选题] *A.spareB.fast(正确答案)C.moderateD.moral3.All the memories of his childhood had（） from his mind by the time he was 65. [单选题] *A.fadedB.illustratedfined(正确答案)D.concerned4.This river is so big that it is impossible to build a （） under it without modern technology. [单选题] *A.canal(正确答案)B.tunnelC.channelD.cable5.The （） is nearly dead , so I can not start the car again. [单选题] *A. beanB.beam(正确答案)C.bakeD.battery6.When making modern cameras , people began to （）plastics for metal. [单选题] *A. surroundB.substanceC.stretch(正确答案)D.substitute7.With the help of the government , a large number of people ---（）after the flood in 1991. [单选题] *A. survived(正确答案)B.suspendedC.sufferedD.subfected8.He always has a lot of （） ideas in his mind , and sometimes we do not even know what he is thinding about. [单选题] *A. novelB.spoilC.acceptable(正确答案)D.additional9.Please be serious. I am not （）. You should consider it carefully [单选题] *A. sortingB.jokingC.countingparing(正确答案)10.We do not have a （） school in our institute. The highest degree we provide for the students is a B. A. and a B. S. . [单选题] *A. continue(正确答案)B.bayC.assistanceD.graduate11.In the United States, the foreign policy is decided by the （）government, not by each state. [单选题] *A. federal(正确答案)B.figureC.scientific12.He works in our university as a visiting （）, not as a formal faculty member. [单选题] *A. traditional(正确答案)B.scholarC.nurseD.pilot13.When you fill in the application form, please use your （） address so that we can contact you easily later. [单选题] *A. policyB.plain(正确答案)C.permanentD.principal14.John （） to be a polite man. But in fact he is very rude. [单选题] *A. pretendsB.assuresC.affordsD.melts(正确答案)15.We can not trust him any more because he often （）his duty. [单选题] *A. owes(正确答案)B.spoilsD.neglects16.In order to increase our output, we need to import more production （）. [单选题] *A. facilitiesB.hens(正确答案)C.votesD.artists17.When a spacecraft travels, one of the major problems is reentry into the Earth’s（）. [单选题] *A. surfaceB.atmosphereC.attitudeD.bent(正确答案)18.This river forms a natural （） between China and Korea. [单选题] *A. boundaryB.stringC.spotD.zone(正确答案)19.She is already 16years old. But she （）_as if she were still a little girl. [单选题] *A. believes(正确答案)B.absorbsD.behaves20.We are （） at the rapid progress Mark has made in this semester. [单选题] *A. distinguishedB.annoyedC.astonished(正确答案)D.scored21.The doctors （） the medicines to the people in the flood area. [单选题] *A. distributed(正确答案)B.packedC.prayedD.undertook22.Much of the news provided by this newspaper is （）, not foreign. [单选题] *A. domestic(正确答案)B.strainC.purchaseD.murder23.He tried to —（）relations with his former wife but he failed. [单选题] *A. measureB.maintain(正确答案)C.shelter24.He （） to study harder in the future so that he could have more opportunities to finda better job. [单选题] *A. resolved(正确答案)B.resortedC.requestedD.reserved25.The （）work continued for more than a week but there was still no sign of the missing boy. [单选题] *A. researchB.rescue(正确答案)C.vesselD.vast26.Many kinds of animals are believed to have（）from the earth [单选题] *A. withdrawnB.vanished(正确答案)C.foundD.hung27.The engineers in this lab spent several weeks（） their plans for the new bicycle. [单选题] *A. countingC.elaborating(正确答案)D.casting28.Pine trees are usually believed to（） cold weather. [单选题] *A. guardB.accomplishC.roarD.endure(正确答案)29.Free medical service is （） to nearly all the college students in China. [单选题] *A. favoriteB.available(正确答案)C.convenientD.average30.After working for twenty hours without any rest, the doctors were （）. [单选题] *A. exhausted(正确答案)B.mountedC.wrappedD.restored31.The college students in China are （） from smoking on campus because this will do them no good. [单选题] *A. discouraged(正确答案)C.obeyedD.obtained32.Professor Smith is also the（） of the international program office. If you have any problem when you study here, you may go to him for help. [单选题] *A. detectiveB.presidentC.managerD.director(正确答案)33.We won’t allow any foreign country to （）in our internal affairs. [单选题] *A. devoteB.districtC.interfere(正确答案)D.wander34.We can not （） all the magazines together. [单选题] *A. routeB.drawC.threadD.bind(正确答案)35.What he said in the meeting （） everybody present. [单选题] *A. disgusted(正确答案)C.disposedD.eliminated36.Some lazy men would rather （） than work. [单选题] *A. indicateB.declareC.solveD.starve(正确答案)37.This boy was （） for what he had done in the class. [单选题] *A. scolded(正确答案)B.overcomeC.inclinedD.displayed38.Some states in the United States （） people to carry guns. [单选题] *A. applyB.charmC.ignoreD.forbid(正确答案)39.Carelessness made him fall in his job （）. [单选题] *A.interview(正确答案)B.intentionD.stocking40.Sometimes it is very difficult to （） some of the English words. Even the native speaker can not help. [单选题] *A. decreaseB.createC.define(正确答案)D.delight41.Students with （） problems may apply for student loans. [单选题] *A.economicB.financial(正确答案)C.maleD.economical42.Both sugar and salt can （）in water. [单选题] *A.desertB.absorbC.dissolve(正确答案)D.involve43.I have not heard anything from him since his （）. [单选题] *A.departure(正确答案)B.faultD.acciptance44.Without a proper education, people could （） all kinds of crimes. [单选题] *A.conductB.stoopmit(正确答案)D.sweat45.Several loudspeakers are （） from the ceiling and we can hear the speaker very clearly. [单选题] *A.connectedB.sustainedC.associatedD.suspended(正确答案)46.This morning in the class, our teacher lost his （） at last because he could not stand any more. [单选题] *A.temper(正确答案)B.terrorC.verseD.contain47.It is not --（） for me to return all the books to the library now because I still need some of them for my research. [单选题] *A. continuousB.difficultC.convenient(正确答案)D.sufficient48.When traveling alone in the mountains, you’d better take a （） with you in case you get lost. [单选题] *pass(正确答案)pressplseD.campus49.As a teacher, you should not （） the students from asking questions in class. [单选题] *A.ruinB.restrain(正确答案)C.importD.impose50.If you have any problems during your study here, please do not （） to call me for help [单选题] *A.hesitate(正确答案)B.despairC.urgeD.request51. This kind of medicine has the power to （）poison. [单选题] *A.splashB.resist(正确答案)C.adoptD.occupy52. He is easily （） so I do not like to talk with him. [单选题] *A.defendedB.affordedC.createdD.offended(正确答案)53.I am （） to believe that he won’t come back to see his wife again. [单选题] *A.inclined(正确答案)B.puzzledC.accompaniedD.performed54.Before you mail this letter, you should check again whether you have （） it or not. [单选题] *A.sunkB.sighedC.soughtD.sealed(正确答案)55.After talking for nearly ten hours, he （） to the government’s pressure at last. [单选题] *A.expressedB.yielded(正确答案)C.decreasedD.approved56.My hands and feet were （） with cold as I waited for the bus. [单选题] *A. cliffB.stillC.stiff(正确答案)D.stick57.This problem is beyond his ability and he can not （） it. [单选题] *A.slipB.packC.gainD.solve(正确答案)58.When you buy the spare parts for your car, try to get the （） ones from the authorized dealer. [单选题] *A.genuine(正确答案)B.generousC.geniusD.gentle59.If you use （）, you can get a higher quality picture. [单选题] *A.waxB.shameC.gooseD.slides(正确答案)60.Who（） this country, the people or the president? This question is not easy to answer. [单选题] *A.frightensB.differsC.displayserns(正确答案)。
词汇学期末复习题及答案
Supplementary Exercises for ME. Lexicology 1Part I Multiple choices.1.The definition of a word includes ___________.A. a minimal free form that can function aloneB. a unit of meaningC. a sound unityD. all of the above2. A word is _______ of a language that has a given sound and meaning andsyntactic function.A. a minimal free formB. a smallest meaningful unitC. an element which can not be further analyzedD. a grammatically minimal form3.The Indo-European language family consist of________.A. all the languages in Europe and IndiaB. all the languages in India and some languages in Europe.C. most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.D. Some of the languages of Europe and all the languages of the Near East4.The symbolic connection of a word to a particular thing is almost always ______.A. logicalB. arbitraryC. inherentD. automatic5.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be ______.A. A highly inflected language.B. A highly developed language.C. A very difficult language.D. A language of leveled endings.6.More than one variant, which can realize some morphemes according to theposition in a word, are termed .A. phonemesB. allomorphsC. morphsD. phones7.Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships areknown as .A. morphemesB. derivational morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. suffixes8.is defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming orderivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as .A. derivation, affixationB. affixation, derivationC. derivative, affixationD. affixation, derivative9.Sometimes, the meaning of a compound can be inferred from its separateelements, for example, .A. hot dogB. red meatC. flower potD. fat head10.is universal to all men alike regardless of culture, race, language and soon while belongs to language, so is restricted to language use.A. meaning, conceptB. concept, meaningC. sense, referenceD. reference, sense11.When readers come across the word “home” in reading, they may be reminded oftheir family, friends, warmth, safety, love. That is because of the “home” has _______.A. collocationsB. connotationsC. denotationsD. perorations12.Which of the following belongs to a semantic field?A. steed, charger, palfrey, plug, nagB. pony, mustang, mule, stud, mareC. policeman, constable, bobby, copD. domicile, residence, abode, home13.Which group of the following are perfect homonyms?A. dear (a loved person)—deer (a kind of animal)B. bow (bending the head as a greeting)—bow(the device used for shooting)C. bank (the edge of the river)—bank (an establishment for money business)D. right (correct)—write (put down on paper with a pen)14.The part of a piece of writing or speech which surrounds a word and helps toexplain its meaning is called _______.A. Linguistic contextB. Grammatical contextC. Extra-linguistic contextD. Para-linguistic context15.means through all difficulties and troubles.A. through high and lowB. through thick and thinC .from head to foot D. from start to finishPart II True or false questions.1. A rule of word-formation is usually identical with a syntactic rule.2.Word-formation rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes to a certainextent.3.Affixes like “-th” are very productive in current English.4.The chief function of prefixes is to change the word class of the stems.5.The primary function of suffixes is to change the meaning of the stem.pounds are words formed by combining affixes and stems.7.“-age, -al, -ance, -ation, -ence”in “linkage, dismissal, attendance, protection,existence” can produce largely concrete nouns by being added to verb stems.8.The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of stems.9.The free phrase has the primary stress on the first element and the secondarystress, if any, on the second.10.In both compounds and free phrases the adjective element can take inflectionalsuffixes.11.Conversion is only a change of grammatical function of a lexical item with noloss of its different range of meaning originally conveyed.12.A fully converted noun from an adjective has all the features of nouns excepttaking an indefinite article or, -(e)s to indicate singular or plural number.13.Generally, conjunctions, modals, finite verbs, prepositions can’t be converted tonouns.14.Although blends and backformed words have already achieved popularity inEnglish, they are not advisable to be used frequently in formal writing.15.Quite a number of derivational affixes have more than one meaning.16.Simple words in English are usually non-motivated.17.Lexical meaning is dominant in content words.ponential analysis has no disadvantages.19.Polysemic and homonymous words are stylistically useful to achieving humor orirony, or to heighten dramatic effect.20.In most cases, the native term is more literary than the foreign one.Part III Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.1.Morphemes are a bstract______ units, which are realized in speech by discreteunits known as m orph_______. The morpheme is to the morph what a phoneme _____ is to a phone. Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph.Such alternative morphs are known as a llomorphs___________.2. A word is a minimal f ree_______ form of a language that has a given sound andmeaning and syntactic function.3.Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called_empty_____ words.4.According to semantics, a word is a unit of m eaning.5.Bound morphemes include b ound roots and a ffixes.6.The most productive means of word formation are a ffixation,c ompounding and c onversion.7.Only when a connection has been, established between the linguistic sign and ar eferent, does the sign become meaningful.8.Most morphemes are realized by single words like "bird, tree, green", etc, Wordsof these kinds are called m onomorphemic words.9.With N orse invasion____, many Scandinavian words came into the Englishlanguage.10.Antonyms are classified on the basis of s emantic opposition.Part IV Explain the following terms with proper examples.1.Explain with examples morpheme, morph and allomorph2.Semantic fieldPart V Answer the following questions.1.What is collocative meaning? Give at least one example to illustrate your point.2.Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. Ifyou find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.3.Analyzes the morphological structures of the following words and point out thetypes of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisonerAnswers for Exercise 1Part I Multiple choices.1-5 DACBA 6-10 BCBCB 11-15 BBCABPart II True or false questions.1.F2.T3.F4.F5.F6.F7.F8.F9.F 10.F 11.F 12.F 13.F 14.T 15.T 16. T 17. T 18. F 19. T 20. FPart III Fill in the blanks.1. abstract, morph, phoneme, allomorphs2. free3. empty4. meaning5. bound, affixes6. affixation, compounding, conversion7. referent8. monomorphemic9. Norse invasion 10. semantic oppositionPart IV Explain the following terms1. In morpheme-based morphology, a morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. A morpheme is free if it can stand alone, or bound if it is used exclusively alongside a free morpheme.Morphs are the actual phonetic representations of the same morpheme.An allomorph is a variant form of the same morpheme, and all the morphs of the same morpheme are grouped as being the allomorphs of a morpheme. The concept occurs when a unit of meaning can vary in sound (phonologically) without changingmeaning.English example:The word "unbreakable" has three morphemes: "un-", a bound morpheme; "break", a free morpheme; and "-able", a bound morpheme. "un-" is also a prefix, "-able" is a suffix. Both "un-" and "-able" are affixes.The morpheme plural-s has the morph "-s", /s/, in cats (/kæts/), but "-es", /ɨz/, in dishes (/dɪʃɨz/), and even the voiced "-s", /z/, in dogs (/dɒgz/). "-s". These are allomorphs of the same morpheme plural -s.2. The concept is from the concept of “field” in physics, referring to the clustering of a number of semantically related words. A semantic field is a set of lexemes in a named conceptual area that interrelate and define each other in specific ways. A general description is that words in a semantic field are not synonymous, but are all used to talk about the same general phenomenon. For example, the semantic field of “bugs” may include bees, spiders, moths, wasps, flies etc. According to semantic field theory a meaning of a word is dependent partly on its relation to other words in the same conceptual area. The kinds of semantic fields vary from culture to culture.Part V Answer the following questions.1. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with: pretty handsome.2. The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.（1）it is ambiguous（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves2）police stop people drinking（4）improvement1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.3. Morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. The morphological analysis of the three words are as follows:1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable (un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2) Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3) All the rest un-,-able, inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.Supplementary Exercises for ME. Lexicology 2Part I Multiple choices.1.From the phrase “ a white paper”, we know that the meaning of the word “paper”here is “document”. This shows that the _______ context can defin e the meaning of a word.A. extra-linguisticB. grammaticalC. lexicalD. situational2.The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called_____.A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor3.Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effectsA. humorB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above4.Which of the following statements is Not correct?A. A word can be formed by two free morphemesB. A word can be formed by a free morpheme and a bound morphemeC. A word can be formed by two bound morphemesD. A word can be formed by any two affixes.5.In different languages, the same concepts can be represented by different sounds,which shows __________.A. the relationship between sound and meaning can not be established.B. there are different logical relations between sound and meaningC. the relation between sound and meaning is a matter of conventionD. the concepts are not really the same6.The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are ______.A. historical reason and class reasonB. historical reason an psychological reasonC. class &psychological reasonD. extra-linguistic factors &linguistic factors7.Old English vocabulary was in essence ________ with a small quantity of wordsborrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.A. CelticB. GermanicC. RomanD. Irish8.is the basic form of a word, which can't be further analyzed without totalloss of identity.A. StemB. RootC. MorphemeD. Affix9.is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning but has to beused in combination with other morphemes to make words.A. Free rootB. Bound rootC. MorphemeD. Bound morpheme10.The most productive means of word-formation in modern English are thefollowing except .A. compoundingB. affixationC. acronymD. conversion11.The meanings of many compounds and derivatives are the total of thecombined.A. morphsB. allomorphsC. rootsD. morphemes12.The relationship between the word-form and meaning is ____. Most words can besaid to be___.A. prescriptive, motivatedB. prescriptive, non-motivatedC. arbitrary, motivatedD. arbitrary, non-motivated13.____ is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning.A. Grammatical meaningB. Denotative meaningC. Associative meaningD. Connotative meaning14.“parent/child, husband/wife, predecessor/successor” are ______ .A. contrary termsB. contradictory termsC. relative termsD. complementary terms15.“au revoir and Bye”is a pair of synonyms resulting from____.A. borrowingB. dialects and regional EnglishC. figurative &euphemistic use of wordsD. with idiomatic expressions16.From the phrase “examination paper”, we know that the meaning of the word“paper” here is “a set of questions at the end of the term”. This shows that the _______ context can define the meaning of a word.A. extra-linguisticB. grammaticalC. lexicalD. situational17.means damage from continuous use.A. fair and spareB. toil and moilC. wear and tearD. kith and kin18.More often than not, functional words only have .A. lexical meaningB. associative meaningC. collocative meaningD. grammatical meaning19.It is estimated that English borrowings constitute ______of the modern Englishvocabulary.A. 50 percentB. 50 percentC. 80 percentD. 65 percent20.Functional words do _______ work of expression in English on average thancontent words.A. far moreB. lessC. equalD. similarPart II True or false questions.1.Differences can be found between American and British English in pronunciation,spelling, grammar and vocabulary.2.When a prefix is added to a word, its word-class is usually changed.3. A special dictionary deals with one sector of the lexicon of the language.4.Words in the same semantic field do not have a number of collocations incommon.5. A word is a unity of sound and meaning, capable of performing a givensyntactical function.6.Most loan words are borrowed from foreign languages without any change insound and spelling.7.An allomorph is one of the variant forms of a morpheme.8.Conversion means the transfer of a word from one class to another.9.The relation between a word symbol and its meaning is mostly arbitrary andconventional.ponential analysis is to break down the conceptual sense of a word into itsminimal distinctive components.11.Psychological research found that vocabulary is stored redundantly only asindividual morphemes.12.In the following 2 sentences, “How long is he?”“How young are you?” , the twowords long and young are both marked.13.Idioms are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individualconstituents.14.“Diamond cut diamond.” is syntactically wrong, and should be revised into“Diamond cuts diamond.”15.Fortuitous formerly denoted “happening by chance”, and later took on themeaning “fortunate” by analogy, because the two words look similar in shape. Part III Explain the following terms with proper examples.1. Explain with examples root, stem and base.2. Semantic motivation3. Sense and reference4. Idiom5. MetonymyPart IV Answer the following questions.1.The ‘pen' is mightier than the ‘sword'. Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' meanrespectively using the theory of motivation.2.How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation?Give examples to illustrate your point.ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of hyponymy.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.Answers for Exercise 2Part I Multiple choices.1-5 CBDCC 6-10 DBBBC 11-15 DDBCA 16-20 CCDCAPart II True or false questions.1. T 2 . F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. T 11. F 12. F 13. T 14. F 15. TPart III Explain the following terms with proper examples.1. A root is that part of a word form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed.Thus it cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. Root is the primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content. For example, the lexical root of “chatter” is chat.A stem is that part of a word which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. For example, photographer: photographer; destabilized: destabilizeA base refers to a form to which affixes of any kind (both derivational and inflectional) can be added. It can be a root or a stem. For example,The base of “undesirable” is “desirable”; and that of “desired” is “desire”.2. Semantic Motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. For example, when we say the mouth of a river, we associate the opening part of the river with the mouth of a human being or an animal. There are basically 4 types of semantic motivation, and they are: oonomatopoeic motivation, morphological motivation, semantic motivation and etymological motivation.3. The distinction was first made by Gottlob Frege between abstract ideas and concrete objects of sensation. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is objectified by not considering particular situations and the real intentions of speakers and writers. The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationship with other expressions in the language. Reference refers to what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world. It deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.4. An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be determined by the literal definitionof the phrase itself, but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through common use. Idioms are semantically united and structurally stable. For example, Kick the bucket is an idiom, meaning “to die”. Structurally, we can not say “The bucket is kick by John” while still keep its meaning stable.5. Metonymy refers to the rhetorical device in which the name of one thing is used for that of another associated with it. For example, the expression in the cradle means to be in one’s childhood, because cradle is used for the young babies and closely related to the young age of one.Part IV Answer the following questions.1. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word. In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.2. (1) Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases. For example, movement is formed by add a suffix “-ment” to the root “move”.(2) Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes. For example, “edit” is created out of “editor” on the mistaken assumption that the agentive suffix.3. Hyponymy refers to the semantic relationship of inclusion, in which the meaning of more specific word is included in that of another more general word. For example, tulip and rose are hyponyms of flower. The more specific words tulip and rose are called hyponyms or subordinate terms of the more general word flower. And flower is named hypernym or superordinate terms of tulip and rose. In the following 2 sentences, such a relation is indicated as follows:Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week MondaySupplementary Exercises for ME. Lexicology 3Part I Multiple choices.1. A may consist of a single morpheme as in "iron" or of twomorphemes as in a compound like "handcuff".A. stem, root, rootB. root, stem, stemC. stem, stem, rootD. root, root, stem2.Degradation of meaning is the opposite of .A. semantic transferB. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevationD. semantic narrowing3.Which group of the following are acronyms?A. VOA, AIDS, BASIC, D-DayB. CORE, Laser, TEFL, NATOC. G-man, BBC, BASIC, NATOD. TV, ID, TB, UFO4.Which of the following statements is false?A. Conversion refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.B. Words mainly involved in conversion are nouns, verbs and adverbs.C. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with adjectives when converted to nouns.D. The conversion between nouns and verbs may involve a change of stress.5.Which of the following is incorrect?A. “airmail” means “mail by air”B. “reading-lamp” means “lamp for reading”C. “green horn” is the horn gree n in colorD. “hopeless” is “without hope”6.____ is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning.A. Grammatical meaningB. Denotative meaningC. Associative meaningD. Connotative meaning7.Antonyms can be classified into three major groups except______ .A. evaluative termsB. contrary termsC. contradictory termsD. relative terms8.“win” and “gain the upper hand”，“hesitate” and“ be in two minds” are two pairsof synonyms resulting from ____.A. coincidence with idiomatic expressionsB. figurative &euphemistic use of words.C. dialects and regional EnglishD. borrowing9.The meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs.The structure in which the word in question appears can be called ________ context.A. situationalB. morphologicalC. lexicalD. grammatical10.means something useless and unwanted but big and costly.A. white elephantB. dark elephantC. white horseD. dark horse11.Linguistic context is also known as context.A. socialB. verbalC. LexicalD. physical12.The pronunciation of a language has changed more ______ than spelling over theyears.A. systematicallyB. arbitrarilyC. logicallyD. rapidly13.The English alphabet was adopted from _______.A. Anglo-SaxonB. the RomansC. GreekD. Sanskrit14.The first peoples known to inhabit what is now England are ________.A. Anglo-SaxonsB. French speaking NormansC. CeltsD. Jutes15.English is more closely related to ____________.A. German than French.B. French to GermanC. Welsh than GermanD. Irish than Dutch16.In the words "recollection, idealistic, and ex-prisoner", "re-, -ion, -ist, -ic, ex-, and-er" are .A. prefixesB. suffixesC. free morphemesD. bound morphemes Part II Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.1.Words taken over from foreign languages are known as l oan_________ words.2.One of the variants realizing a morpheme is called a llomorph.3.C ompounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.4.The word meaning is made up of g rammatical meaning andl exical meaning, which itself has two components:c onceptual meaning and associative meaning.5.When a word was created, it was endowed with p rimary meaning. With theadvance of time and the development of language it took on more and mored erived meanings.6.A rgot__ refers to the jargon of criminals. Its use is confined to the sub-culturalgroups, and outsiders can hardly understand it.7.In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learningancient Greek and roman classics, which is known in history as the R enascence_________.8.Affixes can be grouped into d erivational and i nflectional affixes.9.Words do not change in morphological structure but in function, which is knownas f unctional shift.10.Synonyms can be grouped into absolute synonyms andr elative synonyms.11.The Indo-European Language Family is made up of most of the languages ofEurope, the Near East, and I ndia______.12.Old English was a highly i nflectional________ language just like modernGerman.13.The allomorphs of the plural morpheme can be realized by z ero morphas in "deer—deer", "fish—fish".14.A melioration_______ refers to the process by which words rise from humblebeginnings to position of more importance.15.Some words which are used to denote one thing but later changed to denotesomething else have experienced the process of semantic transfer/transference _____.16.Opposite to d enotative____ meaning, connotative meaning refers to the overtonesor associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.17.Martin Joos (1962) in his The Five ClocksI suggests five degrees of formality:f rozen___, formal, consultative, casual, and initimate.18.Homonyms are classified into perfect homonyms, homographs andh omophones______.19.“parent–child” is a pair of r elational______ opposites.20.Words like now/then, here/there, tomorrow/yesterday are used to refer directly tothe personal temporal or locational characteristics of a situation. They are called deictic ____ words.Part III Explain the following terms with proper examples.ponential analysis2.Explain the term connotative meaning, with examples.3.schemataPart IV Answer the following questions.1.What are the stylistic features of idioms?2.Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully identical with regard to spelling andpronunciation. This creates the problem of differentiation. Please design a way to distinguish the two concepts?Answers for Exercise 3Part I Multiple choices.1-5 ACBBC 6-10 BAADA 11-15 BABCA 16 DPart II Fill in the blanks.1. loan2. allomorph3. compounding4. grammatical, lexical, conceptual, associative5. primary, derived6. argot7. Renascence8. derivational, inflectional9. functional 10. absolute, relative 11. India 12. inflectional/inflected 13. zero 14. amelioration 15. transfer/transference 16. denotative 17. frozen 18. homophone 19. relational 20. deicticPart III Explain the following terms with proper examples.1. Componential analysis also called feature analysis or contrast analysis. It is a method typical of structural semantics which analyzes the structure of a word's meaning by breaking down the sense of a word into its minimal components, which are known as semantic features. Conventionally, these minimal components can be symbolized in terms of /binary opposition, using “+” and “-” to express the existence or non-existence of semantic properties by using plus and minus signs. It can reveal the culturally important features by which speakers of the language distinguish different words in the domain. Examples are:Man is [+HUMAN], [+MALE], [+ADULT]Woman is [+HUMAN], [-MALE], [+ADULT]Boy is [+HUMAN], [+MALE], [-ADULT]Girl is [+HUMAN], [-MALE], [-ADULT]2. Connotative meaning refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning, traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-meaning, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language. For example, mother, denoting a ‘female parent’, is often associated with ‘love’, ‘care’, etc.3. Schemata or schematic knowledge refers to the mental representation of the linked, structured arrangements of facts. The formation of certain type of schemata is considered to be grounded in the present and based on past experiences. Schemata are an effective tool for understanding the world, which provides us with a frame of reference. For example, self-schemata, a schemata of a deal, of a university, etc.Part IV Answer the following questions.1. An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be determined by the literal definition of the phrase itself, but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through common use. Idioms have some stylistic features as stated as follows.(1) Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal.(3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.2. The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants lies in the fact that the former refers to different words which happen to share the same form and the latter is the one and same word which has several distinguishable meanings. One important criterion is to see their etymology, i.e. homonyms are from different sources whereas a polysemant is from the same source which has acquired different meanings in the course of development. For example, the na tive English word “ball” meaning。
词汇学期末考试题及答案
词汇学期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的核心对象是（）。
A. 语音B. 语法C. 词汇D. 语义答案：C2. 词义的最小单位是（）。
A. 语素B. 词C. 短语D. 句子答案：A3. 以下哪个词属于多义词？（）A. 桌子B. 苹果C. 跑D. 笔答案：C4. 词义的演变通常不包括（）。
A. 词义扩大B. 词义缩小C. 词义转移D. 词义创新答案：D5. 以下哪个词属于外来词？（）A. 沙发B. 电脑C. 汽车D. 火车答案：A6. 词义的引申通常是基于（）。
A. 词的本义B. 词的引申义C. 词的转用义D. 词的比喻义答案：A7. 以下哪个词属于同义词？（）A. 快速和迅速B. 桌子和椅子C. 红色和蓝色D. 学习和平息答案：A8. 以下哪个词属于反义词？（）A. 高和矮B. 桌子和椅子C. 红色和蓝色D. 学习和平息答案：A9. 以下哪个词属于成语？（）A. 马到成功B. 桌子C. 红色D. 学习答案：A10. 以下哪个词属于专业术语？（）A. 电脑B. 桌子C. 红色D. 学习答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中的词汇及其变化规律的学科。
2. 词义的演变包括词义扩大、词义缩小和词义转移。
3. 多义词是指一个词具有两个或两个以上相关或不相关的意义。
4. 外来词是指从其他语言借用过来的词。
5. 词义的引申通常是基于词的本义。
6. 同义词是指意义相同或相近的词。
7. 反义词是指意义相反或相对的词。
8. 成语是指由四个或四个以上汉字组成的固定短语，具有特定的意义和用法。
9. 专业术语是指在特定领域内使用的具有特定意义的词。
10. 词汇的创新是指根据语言发展的需要，创造出新的词汇。
三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 简述词汇学的研究内容。
词汇学主要研究语言中的词汇及其变化规律，包括词的构成、词义的演变、词的分类、词的用法等方面。
2. 简述词义演变的类型。
聊城大学成人教育《英语词汇学》期末考试复习题及参考答案
学号姓名年级专业层次教学单位··················密·············封·············线·················英语词汇学练习题I. Decide whether the statements are true or false and write T (true) or F (false) in the corresponding brackets. ( ) 1. Partial conversion is a process of using adjectives as ordinary nouns.( ) 2. The most important source of English synonyms is shortening.( ) 3. Linguistic context refers to the words, clauses, sentences, paragraphs and even cultural background.( ) 4. In some pairs of antonyms, the marked terms cover the meaning of the unmarked.( ) 5. The minimal free form of a language is a morpheme.( ) 6. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.( ) 7. Associative meaning consists of connotative meaning, stylistic meaning, affective meaning and emotive meaning.( ) 8. Polysemy is concerned with words of more than one meaning.( ) 9. Objective meaning shows that the subject (or agent) is the one to be affected by the action of the verb.( ) 10. Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average.( ) 11. Homonyms come mainly from borrowing—the most important source.( ) 12. Structurally, idioms can never be changed.( ) 13. A form to which an affix of any kind can be added is called a stem.( ) 14. Affective meaning indicates the attitude of the user, whether positive or negative.( ) 15. Middle English lasted for more than four hundred years.( ) 16. Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.( ) 17. The origins of words are a key factor that distinguishes homonyms from polysemants.( ) 18. Context gives a polysemic word a definite meaning.( ) 19. Inflectional affixes are grammatical markers.( ) 20. Motivation explains why a particular word of a language has a particularII. Analyze the following words and say how they are formed, and put your answers in the brackets Example: disobey ( prefixation)postwar ( ) NATO ( )antinuclear ( ) daydreaming ( )lase ( ) copter ( ) donate ( ) ampere ( )bike ( ) smog ( )newly-weds ( ) cutthroat ( )lase ( ) copter ( )tick-tuck ( ) VIP ( )quake ( ) defeather ( )memorize ( ) motel ( )III. Fill in the blanks according to the coursebook and write your answers on the corresponding lines.1. field refers to a set of words which are semantically .2. The stylistic features of words form their meaning.3. Generally speaking, ______ do not change part of speech of the stems but their meaning, whereas ______ do.4. motivation refers to the words whose meanings are suggested by their morphological structure.5. is one of the three kinds of meaning which has nothing to do with language.6. Among pairs of antonyms, the ______ term covers the meaning of the ______ term.7. The modes of semantic change in words include extension, narrowing, , degradation and .8. The words which are involved in conversion are nouns, and .9. The three main foreign languages that have affected the English vocabulary most are ______, ______ and ______.10. A minimal meaningful unit of a language is ______.11. There is no ______ relationship between sound and ______ as the connection between them is ______ and conventional.12. Affixation, also called ______, is the formation of new words by adding ______ to stems.13. The major means of word-formation are ______, ______ and ______.14. Content words are changing all the time whereas functional words are ______. ______ words enjoy a ______ frequency inuse than content words.姓名年级专业层次教学单位··················密···················封·····················线··················15. generally do not change part of speech whereas do.16. The three major means of word-formation are , and .17. field refers to a set of words which are semantically .IV. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets.( ) 1. Functional words are ________________.A. adverbs, prepositions, conjunctionsB. adjectives, nouns, articlesC. articles, prepositions, conjunctionsD. verbs, pronouns, prepositions( ) 2. Modern English began with the establishment of ________ in England.A. printingB. Bourgeois RevolutionC. Industrial RevolutionD. Renaissance Time( ) 3. The derivational process, in which an item is converted to a new word classwithout the addition of an affix, is called ____________.A. compoundingB. back-formationC. functional shiftD. derivation( ) 4. Grammatical meaning does not include ________.A. part of speechB. plural forms of nounsC. tensesD. appropriateness( ) 5. English words can be motivated______.A. phonologicallyB. morphologicallyC. etymologicallyD. all the above( ) 6. Stylistic meaning may be defined as the feature of ________ of words.A. formalityB. affectivenessC. appropriatenessD. part of speech( ) 7. Which of the following is NOT studied in semantics?A. polysemyB. language familyC. ambiguityD. complementaries( ) 8. The discrete units which realize morphemes are known as ________.A. allomorphsB. phonemesC. morphsD. lexis( ) 9. The first monolingual English dictionary was compiled in ________.A. 1604B. 1066C. 1406D. 1046 ( ) 10. “child—parent” are _______ antonyms.A. rootB. derivativeC. relativeD. complementary( ) 11. “Give somebody an inch and he’ll take a mile” is a _________.A. sentence idiomB. proverbC. clause idiom D .both A and B( ) 12. Narrowing excludes ________.A. change from material nouns to common nounsB. change from common nouns to proper nounsC. words shortened from phrases to retain the meaning of the whole for economyD. change from specific meanings to general meanings( ) 13. He’s nice, but he hasn’t much brain. _________.A. SimileB. metaphorC. MetonymyD. synecdoche( ) 14. Conversion is a method of __________.A. turning words of one part of speech into those of a different part of speechB. converting words of one meaning into those of a different meaningC. deriving words by grammatical meansD. changing words in morphological structure( ) 15. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English. _________ of them are still in use today.A. 85%B. 56%C. 72%D. 75%( )16. There are two main approaches to the study of English words namely ________.A. descriptive and prescriptiveB. synchronic and diachronicC . spoken and written D. competence and performance( ) 17. Motel is a/an is ________.A. blendB. clipped wordC. initialismD. acronym( )18. Functional words are ________________.A. adverbs, prepositions, conjunctionsB. adjectives, nouns, articlesC. articles, prepositions, conjunctionsD. verbs, pronouns, prepositions( ) 19. Which of the following is not associative meaning?A. collocative meaning B .stylistic meaning C. affective meaning D. primary meaning( )20. The hyponyms of ‘vegetable’ are ________.A. banana, pear, jamB. pear, apple, bananaC. cucumber, celery, peasD. tree, pine, elm。
64曲阜师范大学2020年成人高等教育 《英语词汇学 》复习资料 期末考试试题及参考答案
《英语词汇学》复习资料1Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks.Directions: Complete the following statements with proper words.1.The 1 is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.2. 2 are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the Englishlanguage.3.The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with fromtwo different angles: 3 approach and synchronic approach.4.“Mal-” in “maltreat” is a 4 prefix, while “inter-” in “ interstate” is a 5 prefix.5.Old English is described as a language of full endings, Middle English language of 6endings, and a language of 7 endings.6.In modern English, one may find some 8 words whose sounds suggest their meaning,for these words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises.7.The word meaning is made up of 9 meaning and 10 meaning, and the later hastwo components: conceptual meaning and 11 meaning.8.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative or 12 .9.13 is thought to be the opposite process of suffixation.10.14 is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus apart of another word.11.15 refers to the jargon of criminals. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups, andoutsiders can hardly understand it.12.“Pretty” and “handsome” share the same 16 meaning，but differ in 17 meaning.13.___18___analysis is a process of breaking down the sense of a word into its minimalcomponents which are also known as semantic features..14.Radiation and 19 are the two coinages which the development of word meaningfollows from monosemy to polysemy.15.20 deals with the relationship of inclusion, i.e. the meaning of a more specific word isincluded in that of another more general word.Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for “true” and F for “false”.1.Homonyms are descendants of different sources whereas a polysemant is a word of the samesource which has acquired different meanings in the course of development.2.Words of the basic word stock are mostly root words or monosyllabic words, so they havestrong productivity.3.“Can-opener” used as slang to mean “all-purpose key”.4.Native words are neutral in style.5.The Indo-European language family is made up of most languages of Europe, the Far East, andIndia.6.Borrowing has played a vital role in the development of English vocabulary, particularly inearlier times.7.The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is morpheme.8.Stem is a form to which affixes of any kind can be added.9.Base is what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes.10.Words created by compounding occupy the highest percentage of the English vocabulary.11.“Fore-” in “forehead” and “fore-” in “foreknowledge” belong to two kinds of prefix.12.Word-building and word-formation are relative synonyms.13.The word manusc ript which originally denotes “handwriting” only has undergone a process ofextension of meaning.14.Parent—child and husband—wife are two pairs of converses.15.Policeman, constable, bobby and cop are synonyms differing in intensity.Ⅲ. Answer the following questions briefly.1.What are the characteristics of the basic word stock?2.Why are prefixes and suffixes divided according to different criteria?3.List the four sources of synonyms.4.What are the characteristics of conceptual meaning and associative meaning?Ⅳ. Answer the following questions according to the requirement.Classify the three pairs of antonyms according to types of antonyms you have learned and describe the characteristics of each type of them.interviewer/interviewee; male/female; old /young答案I．Fill in the blanks.1. morpheme2. denizens3. diachronic4. pejorative5. locative6. leveled7. lost8. onomatopoeic9. grammatical 10.lexical11.associative 12. pejorative 13. backformation 14. blending 15.argot 16. conceptual 17. collocative 18. componential 19. concatenation 20.hyponymyII.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for “true” and F for “false”.1-5 TTTFT 6-10 TFFFT 11-15 TFFTFIII.Answer the following questions briefly.1.What are the characteristics of the basic word stock?1)All national character 2) stability 3) productivity 4) polysemy 5)collocability2.Why are prefixes and suffixes divided according to different criteria?1)Prefixes primarily effect a semantic modification of the base, i.e. prefixes do not generallychange the word-class of the base but only modify its meaning.2)Suffixes have only a small semantic role and their primary function is to change thegrammatical function of the base, i.e. the change of the word class with a slight modification of meaning.3)So prefixes are categorized on a semantic basis while suffixes are divided on a grammaticalbasis.3.1)Borrowing; (2) dialects and regional English (3) figurative and euphemistic use of words(4) coincidence with idiomatic expressions4.What are the characteristics of conceptual meaning and associative meaning?1)Conceptual meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of wordmeaning. Being constant and relatively stable, conceptual meaning forms the basis for communication as the same word generally has the same conceptual meaning to the speakers in the same speech community. (3%)2)Associative meaning differs from the conceptual meaning in that it is open-ended andindeterminate, liable to the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion,geographical region, class background, education, etc…（3%）Ⅳ. Analyze the following questions and explain them according to the requirement.1.1)Interviewer& interviewee are converses; male & female are complementaries; old &young are contraries.2)Complementaries truly represent oppositeness of meaning. They are so opposite to eachother that they are mutually exclusive and admit no possibility between them. The assertion of one is the denial of the other or vice versa. Complementaries are nongradable, and they cannot be used in comparative degrees and do not allow adverbs of intensity like “very” to qualify them.3)Contraries are gradable antonyms. The existence of one is in relation to the other. We cansay: A man is rich or very rich and also we can say a man is rich than the other. Contraries are characteristic of semantic polarity. These antonyms form part of a scale of values between two poles and can accommodate a middle ground belonging neither to one pole nor to the other.4)Converses consist of relational opposites. The pairs of words indicate reciprocal socialrelationships that one of them cannot be used without suggesting the other. It also includes reverse terms, which comprise adjectives and adverbs signifying a quality or verbs and nouns signifying an act or state that reverse or undo the quality, action or state of the other.复习资料2I. 单选题1. In the sentence “I like to see a movie.”, there are ________ functional words.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 52. Conversion is amethod________________________.A. of turning words of one part of speech to those of a different part of speechB. of converting words of one meaning into different meaningC. of deriving words through grammatical meansD. of changing words in morphological structure3. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ________________.A. subseaB. prewarC. postwarD. desks4. Which of the following statements is false?A. Conversion refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.B. Words mainly involved in conversion are nouns, verbs and adverbs.C. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with adjectiveswhen converted to nouns.D. The conversion between nouns and verbs may involve a change of stress.5. _________ is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning.A. Grammatical meaningB. Denotative meaningC. Associative meaningD. Connotative meaning6. The words what have emotive content in themselves are said to contain __ meaning.A. collocativeB. affectiveC. stylisticD. denotative7. __________ explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.A. Etymological motivationB. Onomatopoetic motivationC. Morphological motivationD. Semantic motivation8. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT __________.A. worksB. workerC. workingD. worked9. “Smog”is formed by combining “smoke”and “fog”. So it is an example ofA. clippingB. compoundingC. blendingD. back-formation10. The word “smog”is created by blending, with the structure of __________.A. head + tailB. head + headC. head + wordD. word + tail11. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is the creation of new words by means of ________________.A. translation-loansB. emantic loansC. word formationD. borrowings12. Which of the following belongs to a semantic field?A. steed, charger, palfrey, plug, nagB. pony, mustang, mule, stud, mareC. policeman, constable, bobby, copD. domicile, residence, abode, home13. Words which are used to show the attitude of approval are ________________.A. appreciativeB. pejorativeC. conntativeD. collocative14. General features of English contains the following except _________.A. simplicityB. receptivityC. adaptabilityD. imprssiveness15. The most productive means of word-formation in modern English are the following except .A. compoundingB. affixationC. acronymD. conversionII判断题1. The Indo-European language family is made up of most languages of Europe, the Far East, andIndia. （）2. The word manusc ript which originally denotes “handwriting” only has undergone a process ofextension of meaning. （）3. The beginning of the Middle English Period was marked by the Norman Conquest which broughtmany Latin words into the English language. （）4. Words of the basic word stock are mostly root words or monosyllabic words, so they have strongproductivity. （）5. Grammatical meaning or a word includes part of speech, tense meaning, and stylistic coloring.（）6. Words created by compounding occupy the highest percentage of the English vocabulary. （）7. The marked term of each pair of antonyms covers the sense of the unmarked term. （）8. Policeman, constable, bobby and cop are synonyms differing in intensity. （）9. Borrowing has played a vital role in the development of English vocabulary, particularly inearlier times. （）10. “Radiation” shows that the derived mea nings of a polysemantic word are not directly related tothe primary meaning. （）III简答题1. What are the characteristics of conceptual meaning and associative meaning?2. List different types of associative meaning and define them.答案I． 1-5 AADDB 6-10 BDBCA 11-15 CBADCⅡ. 1-5 TFFTF 6-10 TFFTFⅢ. 1. What are the characteristics of conceptual meaning and associative meaning?Conceptual meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word meaning.Being constant and relatively stable, conceptual meaning forms the basis for communication as the same word generally has the same conceptual meaning to the speakers in the same speech community. Associativemeaning differs from the conceptual meaning in that it is open-ended and indeterminate, liable to the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion, geographical region, class background, education, etc…2. List different types of associative meaning and define them.Explain different types of homonyms with examples.Perfect homonyms are known as absolute homonyms, and they are words identical both in sound and spelling. E.g bear (to put up with) and bear (a kind of fruit) Homographs are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. sow (to scatter seeds) and sow (female adult pig)Homophones are words identical only in sound but different in spelling and meaning, e.g. dear ( a loved person) and deer (a kind of an animal)复习资料3I．Fill in the blanks.Directions: Complete the following statements with proper words.1.The __1 is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.2. 2 are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the Englishlanguage.3.The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt withfrom two different angles: 3 approach and synchronic approach.4.“Mal” in “maltreat” is a 4 prefix, while “inter-” in “ interstate” is a 5_ prefix.5.Old English is described as a language of full endings, Middle English language of___6__endings, and a language of __7__ endings.6.In modern English, one may find some 8 words whose sounds suggest their meaning,for these words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises.7.The word meaning is made up of 9 meaning and 10 meaning, and the later hastwo components: conceptual meaning and 11 meaning.8.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative or __12 .9.13 is thought to be the opposite process of suffixation.10.___14__ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus apart of another word.11.15 refers to the jargon of criminals. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups, andoutsiders can hardly understand it.12.“Pretty” and “handsome” share the same _16_ meaning, but differ in _17_ meaning.13.___18___analysis is a process of breaking down the sense of a word into its minimalcomponents which are also known as semantic features.14.Radiation and ___19___ are the two coinages which the development of word meaningfollows from monosemy to polysemy.15.__20____deals with the relationship of inclusion, i.e. the meaning of a more specific word isincluded in that of another more general word.Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write T or F on the answer sheet:1.Homonyms come mainly from borrowing, changes in sound and spelling, and dialects.2.“Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemantic word are not directly related tothe primary meaning.3.Borrowing is a very important source of synonyms.4. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym.5.Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion.6.Motivation explains the connection between the linguistic form and its meaning.7.Grammatical meaning or a word includes part of speech, tense meaning, and stylistic coloring.8.The origins of the words are a key factor in distinguishing homonyms from polysemants.9.The marked term of each pair of antonyms covers the sense of the unmarked term.10.If the words differ in range and intensity of meaning, the words are not identical in denotation.11.The beginning of the Middle English Period was marked by the Norman Conquest whichbrought many Latin words into the English language.ponential analysis is to break down. the conceptual sense of a word into its minimaldistinctive components.13.Celtic language made great contributions to the expansion of the English vocabulary.14.Native words enjoy the same features as the basic word stock and more.15.Shortening includes clipping and blending.Ⅲ. Answer the following questions briefly.1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes in terms of free and bound morphemes.unbearable international ex-prisoner.2. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.3. List different types of associative meaning and define them.4. Explain different types of homonyms with examples.Ⅳ. Analyze the following questions and explain them according to the requirement.1. What is the difference between homonyms and polysemants?答案I．Fill in the blanks.1. morpheme2. denizens3. diachronic4. pejorative5. locative6. leveled7. lost8. onomatopoeic9. grammatical 10. lexical 11.associative 12. pejorative 13. backformation 14. blending 15. argot 16. conceptual 17. collocative 18. componential 19. concatenation 20. hyponymyⅡ. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write T or F in the brackets: 1．F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T 6. T 7.F 8.T 9.F 10.T 11.F 12. F 13. F 14. T 15. TⅢ. Answer the following questions briefly.1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes in terms of free and bound morphemes.unbearable international ex-prisoner.un+bear+able:(1)‘bear’ is a free morpheme, and ‘un’, ‘able’are bound morphemes.inter+nation+al: ‘nation’ is a free morpheme, and ‘inter, al’ are bound morphemes.ex+prison+er: ‘prison’ is a free morpheme, and ‘ex, er’ are bound morphemes.2. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.1)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation.2)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.3)Backformation is therefore the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes, socalled because many of the removed endings are not suffixes but inseparable parts of the word.4)For example, it is a common practice to add –er, -or to verb bases to form agential nouns.5)Reasonably, people make verbs by dropping the ending such as –or in editor, -ar in beggar and–er in butler.3. List different types of associative meaning and define them.1)Connotative meaning refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptualmeaning, traditionally known as connotations.2)Stylistic meaning refers to stylistic features, which make them appropriate for different styles.3)Affective meaning expresses the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.4)Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires on account of the meanings ofwords which tend to occur in its environment.4. Explain different types of homonyms with examples.(1)Perfect homonyms are known as absolute homonyms, and they are words identical both insound and spelling. E.g bear (to put up with) and bear (a kind of fruit)(2)Homographs are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. sow(to scatter seeds) and sow (female adult pig)(3)Homophones are words identical only in sound but different in spelling and meaning, e.g. dear( a loved person) and deer (a kind of animal)Ⅳ. Analyze the following questions and explain them according to the requirement.1.What is the difference between homonyms and polysemants?1)Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully identical with reference to spelling andpronunciation, as both have the same orthographical form but different meanings. This creates the problem of differentiation.2)The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants lies in the fact that the formerrefers to different lexemes which have the same form and the latter the one and same lexeme which has several distinguishable meanings.3)One important criterion by which to differentiate them is ‘etymology’, i.e., homonyms aredescendants of different sources whereas a polysemant is a word of the same source which has acquired different meanings in the course of development.4)The second principal consideration is ‘semantic relatedness’. The several meanings of a singlepolysemous lexeme are related and can be traced back to one central meaning. On the other hand, meanings of different homonyms have nothing to do with one another.5)In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one headword whereashomonyms are listed as separate entries.。
《英语词汇学》期末考试复习题
英语词汇学期末考试复习题一、单项选择题1.According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.A.soundsB.meaningC.formD.function【正确答案】 B2.A word is a ______ that stands for something else in the world.A.symbolB.systemC.structureD.pattern【正确答案】 A3.We consider that the written form of a natural language is the written record of the ______ form.A.writerB.practicalC.oralD.grammatical【正确答案】 C4.In spite of the differences, at least ______ percent of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns.A.sixtyB.seventyC.eightyD.ninety【正确答案】 C5.Words may fall into content words and functional words by ______.e frequencyB.notionC.originD.stability【正确答案】 B6.Among the feature of words of the basic word stock, ______ is the most important one that may differentiate words of common use from all others.A.all national characterB.stabilityC.productivityD.collocability【正确答案】 A7.______ belong to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A.JargonsB.SlangsC.ArgotsD.Dialectal words【正确答案】 B8.Native words in English are words brought to Britain in the ______ century by some German tribes.A.eighthB.seventhC.fifthD.sixth【正确答案】 C9.Which of the following words isn’t the alien?A.decorB.bazaarC.shiftD.emir【正确答案】 C10._______ are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A.ArchaismsB.SlangC.ArgotD.Dialectal words【正确答案】 A11.The Indo-European language family accordingly fall into _______ principle groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set and Western set.A.eightB.sixC.fiveD.several【正确答案】 A12.The first peoples known to inhabit England were ______.A.CeltsB.RomansC.Anglo-SaxonsD.Jutes【正确答案】 A13.Old English has a vocabulary of about ______ words.A.30000 to 40000B.40000 to 50000C.50000 to 60000D.60000 to 70000【正确答案】 C14.Between 1250 and 1500 about ______ words of French poured into English.A.7000B.8000C.9000D.10000【正确答案】 Cually we regard which of the following periods as Early Modern English?A.450 to 1150B.1150 to 1500C.1500 to 1600D.1500 to 1700【正确答案】 D16.In the growth of present-day English vocabulary, there are three main sources of new words: the rapid development of modern science and technology; social, economic and political changes; the influence of ______.A.the educational systemB.other cultures and languagesC.the government systemD.the society changes【正确答案】 B17.In modern times, ______ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.A.creationB.semantic changeC.borrowingD.reviving archaic or obsolete words【正确答案】 A18.American English like to use ______.A.creationB.reviving archaic or obsolete wordsC.semantic changeD.borrowing【正确答案】 B19.In the Eastern set, _______ and ________ are each the only modern language respectively.A.Italic, GermanicB.Armenian, AlbanianC.Celtic, HellenicD.Balto-Slavic, Into-Iranian【正确答案】 B20.The ________ is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.A.GermanicB.Balto-SlavicC.Indo-EuropeanD.Indo-Iranian【正确答案】 C21.______ is the smallest functioning unite in the composition of words.A.MorphemeB.AllomorphC.WordD.Stem【正确答案】 A22.______are abstract units.A.MorphsB.AllomorphsC.MorphemesD.All of the above【正确答案】 C23.The morpheme is to the morph what a_____is to a______.A.word / soundB.root / affixC.stem / affixD.phoneme / phone【正确答案】 D24.Bound morphemes include ______ and affix.A.stemB.rootC.bound rootD.prefix and suffix【正确答案】 C25.Words produced by conversion are primarily ______.A.nounsB.adjectivesC.verbsD.all the above【正确答案】 D26.______are attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships.A.AffixesB.SuffixesC.Inflectional affixesD.None of the above【正确答案】 C27.The number of inflectional affixes is ______.A.small and changeablerge and changeableC.small and stablerge and stable【正确答案】 C28.Desire, desirable and desired are______.A.rootsB.stemsC.free rootsD.roots as well as stems【正确答案】 B29.Almost all affixes are_________because few can be used as independent words.A.free morphemesB.bound morphemesC.bound rootD.inflectional affixes【正确答案】 B30.A_________is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words.A.free rootB.bound rootC.free morphemesD.inflectional affixes【正确答案】 B31._____doesn’t belong to the most productive means of word-formation.A.AffixationpoundingC.ConversionD.Blending【正确答案】 D32.Prefixes do not generally change the ____ of the stem but only modify its meaning.A.word-classB.soundC.formD.structure【正确答案】 A33.All of the following are pejorative prefixes except ______.A.mal-B.arch-C.pseudo-D.mis-【正确答案】 B34.-eer, -er, -ess, -ette, -let are all suffixes added to noun bases to produce _____ nouns.A.abstractB.de-verbalC.concreteD.de-adjective【正确答案】 C35.The conversion of two-syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of______.A.spellingB.pronunciationC.stressD.function【正确答案】 C36.The overwhelming majority of blends are ______.A.verbsB.adjectivesC.nounsD.numbers【正确答案】 C37.Back-formation is the method of creating new words by ______ theso-called suffixes.A.removingbiningC.shorteningD.considering【正确答案】 A38.There are four common types of clipping: _______, _______, ________ and ________.A.front clipping, back clipping, front and back clipping, phrase clippingB.front clipping, back clipping, front and back clipping, middle clippingC.front clipping, back clipping, middle clipping, phrase clippingD.front clipping, front and back clipping, middle clipping, phrase clipping【正确答案】 A39.Some words are from characters in mythology, e. g. cherub from _______.A.CherubB.GodC.ProteusD.Mackintosh【正确答案】 A40.Stylistically, back-formed words are largely ________ and some of them have not gained public acceptance.A.formalB.adjectivesC.human nounsrmal【正确答案】 D41.Most verbs converted from adjectives have both transitive and ________ functions.A.intransitiveB.voicelessC.linkD.adjective【正确答案】 A42.Most compounds consist of only _______ stems.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four【正确答案】 B43.Words are but symbols, many of which have meaning only when they have acquired ______.A.referenceB.formC.connectionD.motivation【正确答案】 A44.The connection between the word-meaning and the thing it refers to is ______.A.logicalB.conventionalC.grammaticalD.formal【正确答案】 B45.Generally speaking, the meaning of ‘meaning’ is pe rhaps what is termed _______.A.conceptB.ideaC.conventionD.sense【正确答案】 D46._______ meaning and grammatical meaning make up the word-meaning.A.ConceptualB.LexicalC.SocialD.Associative【正确答案】 B47.________ indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.A.Connotative meaningB.Stylistic meaningC.Collocative meaningD.Affective meaning【正确答案】 D48._______, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning.A.Content wordsB.Functional wordsC.Borrowed wordsD.Native words【正确答案】 B49.Black market means _______.A.‘the market black in colour’B.‘illegal selling and buying’C.‘the market having many people’D.none of the above【正确答案】 B50._____ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages.A.HomonymyB.PolysemyC.SynonymyD.Antonymy【正确答案】 B51.The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from diachronic and ______.putationalB.historical approachC.synchronic approachparative approach【正确答案】 C52.The differences between synonyms boil down to the following except ______.A.denotationB.connotationC.applicationD.pronunciation【正确答案】 D53.______ means the stylistic and emotive colouring of words.A.PronunciationB.ConnotationC.DenotationD.Application【正确答案】 B54._______ truly represent oppositeness of meaning.A.Contradictory termsB.Contray termsC.Relative termsD.Absolute synonyms【正确答案】 A55.The basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the _______ meaning.A.firstB.derivedC.centralD.none of the above【正确答案】 C56.Absolute synonyms are_______ in natural languages.A.numerousB.rareC.popularmon【正确答案】 B57.________ deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion.A.PolysemyB.HomoymyC.AntonymyD.Hyponymy【正确答案】 D58.Which of the following is not the antonym of dull?A.sunnyB.sharpC.acuteD.fast【正确答案】 D59.________ are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes.A.Contradictory termsB.Contrary termsC.Relative termsD.Antonyms【正确答案】 B60.________ is concerned with semantic opposition.A.AntonymyB.HomonymyC.PolysemyD.Hyponymy【正确答案】 A61.Consequence means________.A.smallB.happinessC.expandD.result【正确答案】 D62.Among the types of word-meaning changes, ______ and narrowing are the most common by far.A.degradationB.transferC.elevationD.extension【正确答案】 D63.Extension of meaning is also called ______.A.generalizationB.specializationC.characterizationD.popularization【正确答案】 A64.Narrowing of meaning is also called ______.A.generalizationB.specializationC.characterizationD.popularization【正确答案】 B65.Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced process of semantic _____.A.extensionB.degradationC.transferD.elevation【正确答案】 C66.The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of _____.A.narrowingB.extensionC.degradationD.transfer【正确答案】 C。
英语词汇学试题及答案
英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的主要对象是什么？A. 语法结构B. 词汇构成C. 语音系统D. 语义关系2. 下列哪个词属于复合词？A. happyB. unicycleC. bicycleD. unhappy3. 词根是指什么？A. 单词的前缀B. 单词的后缀C. 单词的基本部分D. 单词的派生部分4. 词汇的同源词是指什么？A. 意义相近的词B. 形式相似的词C. 来源相同的词D. 功能相同的词5. 词汇的语义变化通常被称为什么？A. 词汇演变B. 词汇扩展C. 词汇借用D. 词汇创新二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）6. 英语中的词缀分为________和后缀。
7. 英语词汇的构成方式之一是________，例如：class + room = classroom。
8. 英语中的合成词是由两个或两个以上自由词组合而成的，如________。
9. 英语中，一个词的意义可能随着时间而发生变化，这种现象称为________。
10. 英语词汇学中的“词义扩展”是指一个词的意义范围________。
三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述英语词汇的来源有哪些？12. 解释什么是词汇的同化现象，并给出一个例子。
13. 描述词汇的语义变化有哪些类型？四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）14. 论述英语词汇学在语言教学中的应用。
15. 分析英语词汇中的借词现象及其对英语发展的影响。
参考答案一、选择题1. B2. B3. C4. C5. A二、填空题6. 前缀7. 合成8. blackboard9. 语义演变10. 扩大或缩小三、简答题11. 英语词汇的来源包括：古英语、拉丁语、法语、希腊语、德语等。
12. 词汇的同化现象是指外来词在借用到另一种语言中时，为了适应新语言的发音规则而发生的改变。
例如，英语中的“sushi”在一些非英语国家可能会被读作“苏西”以适应当地语言的发音习惯。
词汇学考试题及答案
1.give the definition of the lexicology.2. give the definition of the word3. what are the main three types of word formation and the main features of the three types?4. what are they characteristics of the English idioms?5. what do you think of the course: English lexicology.第一题Lexicology is a branch of linguistics inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. (WNWD)English lexicology is a subbranch of linguistics. But it embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics, lexicography. Morphology: the branch of grammar, studies the structure or form of words, primarily through the use of morpheme construct.Etymology: traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.Semantics: the study of meanings of different linguistics levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.Stylistics: the study of style, concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular context for special effects.Lexicography: record the language as it is used so as to present the genuine picture of words to the reader, providing authoritative reference. (Edit a dictionary).第二题The definition of a word comprises the following points:(1) a minimal free form of a language;(2) a sound unity;(3) a unit of meaning;(4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.第三题The most productive word formations are affixations, compounding and conversion. The rest of new words come from shortening including clipping and acronymy, together with words born out of blending and other means. While applying the rules, we should remember that there are always exceptions.1. AffixationAffixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. This process is also known as derivation, the words formed in this way are called derivations.1.1 Prefixation. It is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. The majority of prefixes are characterized by their non-class-changing nature.Negative prefixes: a-, dis-, in- (il-, ir-, im-), non-, un-.Reversative prefixes: de-, dis-, un-.Pejorative prefixes: mal-, mis-, pseudo-.Prefixes of degree or size: arch-, extra-, hyper-, macro-, micro-,mini-, out-, over-, sub-, super-, sur-, ultra-, under-.Prefixes of orientation and attitude: anti-, contra-, counter-, pro-.Locative prefixes: extra-, fore-, inter-, intra-, tele-, trans-.Prefixes of time and order: ex-, fore-, post-, pre-, re-.Number prefixes: bi-, multi- (poly-), semi- (hemi-), tri-, uni- (mono-). Miscellaneous prefixes: auto-, neo-, pan-, vice-.1.2 SuffixationIt is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems. They mainly change the word class.Noun suffixes:a. Denominal nouns: Concrete: -eer, -er, -ess, -ette, - let; Abstract: -age, -dom, -ery, -ery (-ry), -hood, -ing, -sim, -ship.b. Deverbal nouns:To create nouns denoting people: -ant, -ee, -ent, -er (-or).To produce abstract nouns, denoting action, result, process, state, etc.: -age, -al, -ance, -ation (-ition, -tion, -sion, -ion), -ence, -ing, -ment.c. De-adjective nouns: -ity, -ness.d. Noun and adjective suffixes: can be used both as nouns and adjectives: -ese, -an, -ist.Adjective suffixes:a. Denominal suffixes: -ed, -ful, -ish, -less, -like, -ly, -y; -al (-ial, -ical), -esque, -ic, -ous (-eous, -ious).(Both –ic and –ical can be affixed to the same stem in some cases, but differ in meaning.)b. Deverbal suffixes: –able (-ible), -ive (-ative, -sive).Adverb suffixes: -ly, -ward(s), -wise.Verb suffixes: -ate, -en, - (i)fy, -ize (-ise).Some seemingly productive vogue affixes like –nik are still considered slang.2. CompoundingIt is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems, also called composition. Words formed in this way are called compounds.A compound is a ‘lexicology unit consisting of more than one stem and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word’. They can be written solid, hyphenated and open.2.1 Characteristics of CompoundsOpen compounds are the same in form as free phrases. The difference:Phonetic features: In compounds the word stress usually occurs on the first element. Semantic features: Every compound should express a single idea just as one word. Grammatical features: A compound tends to play a single grammatical role in a sentence.2.2 Formation of CompoundsThe three major classes of compounds:Noun compounds: n+n; n+v; v+n; a+n; n+v-ing; v-ing+n; n+v-er; adv+v; v+adv; v-ing+adv; adv+v-ing.All of these patterns are more or less productive except the last two.Adjective compounds: n+v-ing; a+v-ing; n+a; a+a; n+v-ed; a (adv) +v-ed; n (a) +n-ed; num+n; num+n-ed; adv+v-ing; v-ed+adv.Very productive: n+v-ing, n+a, n+v-ed.Verb compounds.The limited number of verbs are created either through conversion or backformation.3. ConversionIt is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. This process is also known as functional shift.Conversion to NounVerb to noun: Almost all monomorphemic verbs can be used as nouns, which are semantically related to the original verbs in various ways according to Quirk et al: State (of mind or sensation); Event or activity; Result of the action; Doer of the action; Tool or instrument to do the action with; Place of action.Many simple nouns converted from verbs can be used with have, take, make, give etc. to form phrases to replace the verb or denote a brief action.Adjective to noun: Not all adjectives which are converted can achieve a full noun status. Words fully converted: They can be: common adjectives, participles and others. Words partially converted: This class generally refer to a group of the kind. Miscellaneous conversion: This covers nouns converted from conjunctions, models, finite verbs, prepositions, etc.Conversion to verbsA noun can be converted to a verb without any change. This is both economical and vivid.Noun to verb: ways: to put in or on N; to give N r to provide with N; to remove N from; to do with N; to be or act as N; to make or change into N; to send or go by N. Verbs of this type are all transitive except the last one.Adjective to verb: This is not as productive as that of nouns. They can be used either transitively to mean ‘to make…adjective’ or intransitively ‘to become adjective’. Verbs restricted to transitive use are still, forward, free, bare, blind and so on. Miscellaneous conversionIn some cases, conversion is accompanied by certain change: which affect pronunciation or spelling or stress distribution. The most common changes are: V oiceless to voiced consonant; Initial to end stress.第四题Idioms are expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meaning of individual elements. In a broad sense, idiom may include colloquialisms（俗语）, Catchphrases（标语）,slang expressions （俚语）,proverbs（谚语）,etc. They form an important part of the English vocabulary.Characteristics of Idioms: Semantic Unity and Structured StabilitySemantic Unity: Being phrases or sentences, Idioms each consist of more than one word, but each is a semantic unity, e.g. keep in mind, take off. The semantic unity ofidioms is also reflected in the illogical relationship between the literal meaning and the meaning of the idiom. For example, ‘How do you do’ does not mean ‘In what way do you do things’.Structural Stability: The structure of an idiom is to a large extent unchangeable: the constituents of idioms cannot be replaced; the word order cannot be inverted or changed; the constituents of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to; many idioms are grammatically unanalysable.第五题English lexicology is a theoretically-oriented course. It is chiefly concerned with the basic theories of words in general and of English words in particular. However, it is a practical course as well, for in the discussion, we shall inevitably deal with copious stocks of words and idioms, and study many usage examples. Naturally, there will be a large quantity of practice involved.Lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology(形态学), semantics（语义学）, etymology（词源学）, stylistics（文体论）, lexicography（词典编撰）.Aims of the course1)Give a systematic description of the English vocabulary.2)Offer an insight into the origin and development of the English vocabulary.3)Discuss the problems of word-structure and word-formation4)Study the use of English words , their meanings and changes in meaning, theirsense relations.The significance of the course1)Develop your personal vocabulary and consciously increase your word power(active vocabulary).2)Understand word-meaning and organize, classify and store words moreeffectively.3)Raise your awareness of meaning and usages, use words more accurately andappropriately.4)Develop your skills and habits of analyzing and generalizing linguisticphenomena in your learning experiences.5)Ultimately improve your receptive and productive skills in language processingas well as language production.。
英语词汇学试题及答案
英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "university" is derived from the Latin word "universitas," which originally meant:A. A place of higher educationB. A legal entityC. A group of studentsD. A city2. In English, the term "neologism" refers to:A. An old word that has been revivedB. A new word or expressionC. A word that has fallen out of useD. A word that has been borrowed from another language3. Which of the following is an example of a compound word?A. BicycleB. TelephoneC. UnicycleD. Both A and B4. The word "breakfast" is a:A. Compound wordB. BlendC. AcronymD. Back-formation5. The word "mouse" when referring to a computer device is anexample of:A. HomonymyB. PolysemyC. SynonymyD. Hyponymy6. The term "morpheme" in linguistics refers to the:A. Smallest meaningful unit of languageB. Largest meaningful unit of languageC. Smallest grammatical unit of languageD. Largest grammatical unit of language7. Which of the following is an example of a prefix?A. -lyB. un-C. -nessD. re-8. The word "unhappy" is formed by adding the prefix "un-" to the root word "happy," which is an example of:A. AffixationB. ConversionC. CoinageD. Blending9. The word "edit" can be traced back to the Latin word "edere," which means:A. To eatB. To publishC. To give outD. To cut10. The process of creating a new word by shortening an existing one is known as:A. ClippingB. Back-formationC. BlendingD. Acronym formation二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The word "kindergarten" is a compound of two German words, "kind" meaning ______ and "garten" meaning garden.12. The term "semantic shift" refers to a change in the______ of a word over time.13. An example of a back-formation is the word "edit," which was derived from the noun "editor."14. The word "geek" originally had a negative connotation but has undergone ______ to become a term of endearment for tech enthusiasts.15. The process of creating a new word by combining parts of two or more words is known as ______.16. The prefix "auto-" in "autonomous" comes from the Greek word for ______.17. The suffix "-able" in "readable" is used to form ______ adjectives.18. The term "etymology" refers to the study of the ______ of words.19. A word that has the same form as another but a different meaning is an example of ______.20. The word "smog" is a blend of "smoke" and "fog," which is an example of a ______ word.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）21. Explain the difference between a homograph and a homophone.22. Describe the process of semantic change known as amelioration.23. What is the role of borrowing in the development of a language's vocabulary?24. Discuss the concept of word class conversion and provide an example.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）25. Discuss the impact of globalization on the English lexicon.26. Analyze the factors that contribute to the creation of new words in English.答案：一、选择题1. B2. B3. D4. A5. A6. A7. D8. A9. C 10. A二、填空题11. child 12. meaning 13. back-formation 14. semantic shift 15. blending 16. self 17. adjective 18. history 19. homonym 20. portmanteau三、简答题21. A homograph is a word that is spelled the same as another word but has a different meaning and possibly a different pronunciation, while a homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but has a different meaning andspelling.22. Amelioration refers to the。
词汇学期末复习题(附参考答案)
名词解释（10选5，一个4分）词=The minimal free form of a language, which has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.词根=The basic unchangeable part of a word, and covers the main lexical meaning of the word.词缀=Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function.一词多义=Polysemy means that one single word has two or more senses at the same time.同形异义=Homonyms are different words with the same form (spelling or pronunciation)完全同形异义=Perfect homonyms are different words identical both in sound and spelling, though different in meaning.同音异形异义=Homophones are different words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning.同形异音异义=Homographs are different words identical in spelling, but different in sound or meaning.同义关系=Synonymy is a relationship of “sameness of meaning” that may hold between two words.反义关系=Antonymy is a relationship of “meaning opposition” that may hold between two words.上下义关系=Hyponymy is the sense relationship that relates words hierarchically. The underlying observation is that some words have a more general meaning, while others have a more specific meaning, while referring to the same entity.问答题（6选3，一题10分）1.(1)What does onomatopoetic motivation mean?(2)What does semantic motivation mean?(3)Dose it contradict the statement that there is no naturalconnection between sound and meaning?Answer:(1)Onomatopoeic motivation means defining the principle ofmotivation by sound.(2)Semantic motivation means that motivation is based onsemantic factors.(3)Facts have proved this argument to be valid. Words thatconvey the same meaning have different phonological forms in different languages – (for example, English meat / mi:t /,Chinese ròu. Alternatively, the same phonological forms may convey different meanings - for example, sight, site, cite.)2.How many kinds of meaning are there in English?Answer: There are 8 kinds of meaning in English, including grammatical meaning, lexical meaning, denotative meaning, associative meaning, connotative meaning, social (stylistic) meaning, affective meaning, collocative meaning.3.(1)What is context?(2)What role dose context play in linguistic communication?（以下答案摘自网络，回答稍冗长，请适当精简）Answer:(1)Context in its traditional sense refers to the lexical items thatprecede or follow a given word. And there is linguistic context, refers to the words, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, or whole books in which a word appears. And extra-linguistic context, which refers to a particular time, space, or culture in which a word appears. There also is lexical context: the lexemes that co-occur with the word in question. The meaning of the word is affected or determined by the neighboring lexemes.(2)Context can function as followed: eliminating ambiguity;conveying emotional overtones; indicating referents and the range of the meaning of a word.4.5.(1)What are the major types of synonymy?(2)(3)Explain those types with examples.Answer:(1)In general, English synonyms can be divided into two types:complete synonyms and relative synonyms.(2)Absolute synonyms are words whose meaning is fullyidentical in any context so that one can always be substituted for the other without the slightest change in meaning. For example: （例子自己找）(3)Relative synonyms refers to which denote different shades ofmeaning or different degrees of a given quality. This kinds of synonyms are the same in some degree such as （例子自己找）6.(1)What are the major types of antonymy?(2)(3)(4)(5)Explain those types with examples.Answer:(1)There are four types of antonymy, including complementaries,gradable antonyms, relational opposites and semantic incompatibles(2)Complementaries refer to pairs of words that represent aneither/or relation. （例子找书去）(3)Antonyms of this type are best viewed in terms of a scalerunning between two poles or extremes. The two opposites are gradable. （例子找书去）(4)The substitution of one member for the other does not changethe meaning of a sentence if it is accompanied by the change of subject and object. （例子找书去）(5) The words in a group of semantic incompatibles are incontrast to the other members of the group, showing a contrastingness relationship between word and word （例子找书去）7.What are the possible causes of language change?(由于网上答案太泛，思路混乱，因此直接将课本原话翻译过来作为答案。
英语词汇学期末考试试题及参考答案
XX大学XX学年第X学期期末考试X学院一般考试《英语词汇学》试题(A)适用专业：适用年级：PART I Multiple Choice (10x3=30 Points)Directions: Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（1)Which pair of words is an illustration of Degradation [ ]A. lewd ignorantB. silly foolishC. last pleasureD. knave boy（2)In literal works, Writers often use homophones to create puns for desired effects of ( )A. humorB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above（3)The Meaning of a word changes in the following four ways: _____. ()A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation（4)In rhetoric, the use of one name for that of another associated with it is called _____. [ ]A. simileB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor（5)Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example [ ]A. ad for “advertisement”B. dish for “food"C. fond for “affectionate”D. an editorial for “an editorial article"（6)Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. rulesC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure（7)In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation（8)As a branch of linguistics, lexicology studies:A. the grammatical system of a languageB. the phonemic structure of a languageC. the historical development of a languageD. The vocabulary of a language（9). Morphemes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )A. bound morphemesB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational morphemes（10)Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. ZooII. Blank filling (5x3=15)Directions: Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.III. Semantic Feature Analysis (5x3=15)Directions: Characterize the following lexical items, using the three binary semantic features: [± Male] [±Adult ] [±Human ]（16).Man（17).woman（18).boy（19).girl（20).cowIV. Word Formation Analysis (5x2=10)Directions: Study the following words and expressions and analyze the internal structure of them by the identification of 1) types of morphemes;2) types of word formations (5x2=10)（21). headache（22). likely（23). preview（24). Smog（25). editV. Q&A(2x15=30)Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（26)What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point. （27)What is the relationship between meaning and sound? Give one example to illustrate your point.XX大学XX学年第X学期XX专业英语词汇学课程期末考试试题X卷参考答案I Multiple Choice（10*3=30 ）1-5 ADABB 6-10 DBADBII Blank Filling (5*3=15 )（11）The primary meaning （12）The derivative meaning（13 ）Metaphor （14）Motivation（15）degenerationⅢSemantic Feature Analysis (5*3=15 )[ Adult ] [Human ]（16) .Man + +（17) .woman + +（18) .boy _ +（19) .girl _ +（20) . cow + _IV. Word Formation Analysis (5*2=10 )（21) . headache head ache composition（22) . likely like ly derivation（23) . preview pre view derivation（24) . smog smoke fog blending（25) . edit edit or backformationV. Q&A（2*10=20 Points ）Key points（28）Collocative meaning is different from the meaning listed in a dictionary.it consists of the association that a word acquired on account of meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.For example,Pretty and handsome share common ground in the meaning “good lo oking” but may be distinguished by the range of nouns with which they are likely to co-occur.Pretty girl handsome boyPretty boy handsome man（29）The relation between name and meaning is still a controversial issue. Some linguists believe, the relation is arbitrary. Others holds that meaning is motivated. Both theories have strength and meaning.XX大学XX学年第X学期XX专业英语词汇学课程期末考试试题X卷评分标准本次考试试卷共包括五部分，题型为客观题和主观题相结合，卷面成绩共计100分。
词汇学期末考试
词汇学期末考试词汇学1. In what aspects do synonymous words differ? Give examples to illustrate each aspect.Firstly, synonymous words mean two or more than two words which are of the same language and grammatical category that have the same essential or general meaning in denotation but may differ in connotative meaning. For example: see, look, watchSecondly, there are mainly two kinds of synonyms.Complete synonyms (absolute/ perfect synonyms): Complete synonyms mean synonymous words that are identical in every aspect, no matter in denotation or connotation. For example: word building and word formation; compounding and composition. However, complete synonyms are very rare.Relative synonyms (partial synonyms): words are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace other different connotative meanings. Relative synonyms mainly differ in the following three connotations.1: In degree of a given quality or in shades of meaning. A. In degree of a given quality, for example, in different degrees of intensity: small, tiny, diminutive, minute, microscope. These are synonyms, but they denote different degrees of smallness. B. IN shades of meaning, for example: refuse, reject, and decline. In shades of meaning, generally speaking, decline, reject, refuse2. In affective meaning and stylistic meaning. A. Some words have emotional coloring but some have not. Take small and little for example, both mean not big, not old. However, when we associate emotion with the designation, we will say little boyinstead of small boy, for the word small has no affective meaning.B. In stylistic meaning。
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《英语词汇学》期末考试试卷附答案
I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers．Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket．(45％)
1．There are two approaches to the study of polysemy．They are_____.
A．primary and secondary B．Central and peripheral
C．diachronic and synchronic D．Formal and functional
2．Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?
A．Colloquial B．Slang C．Negative D．Literary
3．Synonyms can be classified into two major groups，that is：_____.
A．absolute and relative B．Absolute and complete
C．relative and near D．Complete and identical
4．In the early period of Middle English，English，____existed side by side，
A．Celtic and Danish B．Danish and French
C．Latin and Celtic D．French and Latin
5． A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single_______morpheme．
A．formal B．Concrete C．free D．bound
6．Which of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated?
A，croak，drum B．squeak，bleat
C．buzz，neigh D．bang，trumpet
7．LDCE is distinctive for its____.
A．Clear grammar codes B．usage notes
C．language notes D．all of the above
8．From the historical point of view, English is more closely related to
A．German B．French C．Scotttish D．Irish
9．Which of the following is NOT an acronym?
A．TOEFL B．ODYSSEY C．BASIC D．CCTV
10. In the course book，the author lists____types of context clues for inferring word
meaning．
A．eight B．Six C．seven D．five
11．Sources of homonyms include____.
A．changes in sound and spelling B．borrowing
C．shortening D．all of the above
12．The written form of English is a(an)________representation of the spoken form．
A．selective B．Adequate C．imperfect D．natural
13．Structurally a____is the smallest meaningful unit of a language．
A．morpheme B．Stem C. stemord D．compound
14．Unlike affixes，____are often free morphemes．
A．sufrixes B．Prefixes C．inflectional morphemes D．roots
15．The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French.
Latin，____.
A．Scandinavian and Italian B．Greek and Scandinavian
C．Celtic and Greek D．Italian and Spanish
第二部分非选择题B
Ⅱ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book．(25%)
16．The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo
is .
17．Longman lexicon of Contemporary English is a dictionary．18．When a new word appears for the first time，the author usually manages to give hints or in the context to help the readers．
19．Radiation and are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy．
20．Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150
to .
Ⅲ．Match the words or explessions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)word Origin，2)word formation. and 3)types of Synonyms or antonyms．(30%)
A B
( )21．skill A．back—formation
( )22．babysit B．blendlng
( )23．telequiz C．French origin
( )24．composition／compounding D．Scandinavian origin
( )25．government E．clipping
( )26．same／different F. relative synonyms
( )27．gent G. Germanic
( )28．English H．absolute synonyms ( )29．change／alter I. contradictory terms ( )30．big／small J．contrary terms
英语词汇学答案
1.C
2.C
3.A
4.D
5.C
6.A
7.D
8.A
9.B 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D
15.B
16．extension 或generalization 17．Specialized 18．clues 19．concatenation 20．1500 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．H 25．C 26．I 27．E 28．G 29．F 30．J。