超临界和超超临界发电机组

Latest Developments in the World ′s Wind Power Industry

Luo Chengxian

(Former SINOPEC Center of Information ，Beijing 100011)

[Abstract]In recent years ，renewable energy source-based power generation ，particularly wind power ，has been growing rapidly.Pushed by some wind power foregoer countries ，significant progress has been made in the de -velopment of large-capacity wind turbine power generating sets with single-generator capacity having quickly broken through the key level of 1MW.10MW wind turbine power generating sets are expected to enter the market soon.The development of larger-capacity generators has enhanced the economic viability and competi -tiveness of wind power.The utilization rate of wind turbines will rise to 28%by 2015from the current about 25%and the investment cost will drop considerably.Under GWEC ′s high-growth scenario ，the investment cost will fall to 1093Euro/kW by 2030from 1350Euro/kW in 2009.Given the intermittent and stochastic nature of wind ，power storage technology is an effective approach to introducing renewable energy on a large scale.Japan and many American and European countries have invested in the research and development of power storage technology.A recent IEA research note shows that use in combination with heat and power cogenera -tion technology ，which focuses on heat supply ，can greatly expand the scale of use of renewable energy sources.Smart grids will be the fundamental approach to resolving the problems relating to the large -scale grid integration of wind power and power transmission.Smart grid technology will greatly enhance the overall utilization efficiency of the power system and can effectively reduce the fossil fuel consumption of power plants.China has made some progress in developing smart grids although there are still many problems yet to be resolved.The renewable energy -derived power purchasing policies enacted by countries around the globe have promoted the development of the global wind power industry.Germany ′s wind power purchasing policies can be used by China for reference.

[Keywords]wind power generation ；larger generator ；equipment utilization rate ；investment cost ；power storage technology ；smart grid ；wind power purchasing policy

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第5期罗承先.世界促进风电产业发展最新动向·能源知识·

超临界和超超临界发电机组

火电厂超临界和超超临界机组指的是锅炉内工质的压力。锅炉内的工质都是水，水的临界压力是22.115MPa ，温度为347.15℃。在这个压力和温度时，水和蒸汽的密度是相同的，这就叫水的临界点，炉内工质压力低于这个压力就叫亚临界锅炉，大于这个压力就是超临界锅炉，炉内蒸汽温度不低于593℃或蒸汽压力不低于31MPa 则称为超超临界。

超临界机组具有无可比拟的经济性，单台机组发电热效率最高可达50%，每千瓦时煤耗最低仅为255g(丹麦BWE 公司)，较亚临界压力机组(最低约327g 左右)煤耗低；同时采用低氧化氮技术，在燃烧过程中减少65%的氮氧化合物及其他有害物质，且脱硫率超98%，可实现节能降耗、环保的目的。超临界、超超临界火电机组具有显著的节能和改善环境的效果，超超临界机组与超临界机组相比，热效率还要高1.2%，一年就可节约6000t 优质煤。未来火电建设将主要发展高效率、高参数的超临界(SC)和超超临界(USC)火电机组。我国已成功掌握先进的超超临界火力发电技术，并为百万千瓦超超临界机组产业化创造了条件。目前一批百万千瓦超超临界机组项目正在建设中。(供稿舟丹)