段落翻译 中英文对比
英语基础翻译经典译例35710
第三章英汉语言对比1．Its gleaming闪烁的sands and backdrop背景of pine woods and distant hills give it a pleasant and restful atmosphere. （动静结合）【译文】这儿沙滩闪烁，松林掩映，远山连绵，自有一种心旷神怡的气氛。
2．On several occasions I watched him paint fluffy毛绒绒的little chicks and vivid cormorants with their heads in clear green water. （化零为整）【译文】我曾多次见他画小鸡，毛茸茸，很可爱；也见过他画的鱼鹰，水是绿的，钻进水里的，很生动。
（化整为零）3．If you confer(授予，赋予) a benefit，never remember it；If you receive one，remember it always.（形合，直译）【译文】施恩勿记，受恩勿忘。
4．Slowly climbs the summer moon.（句型结构转换）【译文】夏天的月亮慢慢地爬上来了。
5．Heat is constantly produced by the body as a result of muscular肌肉的and cellular细胞的activity. （被动变主动）【译文】由于肌肉和细胞活动的结果，身体不断地产生热。
6．In future conflicts, similar logistical后勤方面的problems are likely to be repeated.（被动变主动）【译文】在未来的冲突中，类似的后勤问题大概还会重复出现。
7．That girl student is in the green.(英语词汇含义多——内涵意义)【译文】那个女生正值青春年少8．Science is a servant of mankind.（英语词汇含义多）【译文】科学造福于人类。
第2章英汉对比与翻译
这就要求译者在英译汉时既要准确把握数量众多 的英语短语的意思，还应考虑汉语行文习惯，适 当使用汉语四字结构和排比句式。
译文：It is funny that a beautiful girl like her should fall in love with such an ugly man.
Conclusion:
5. 英语前重心；汉语后重心
英语句子叙事往往是前重心，汉语则习惯 于后重心。
英语句子往往先说最近发生的事，再说先 前发生的事，基本按时间逆序展开；或者 先叙述事实，再说出其发生的时间、地点、 方式手段。汉语正好与此相反。此外，英 语句子往往先给出观点、结论、推断，再 加以论证；而汉语句子则习惯于先说事， 再总结，往往采用“前因后果”句式。
Conclusion:
8. 英语句子主语很少省略；汉语多用无主 语句。
主语在英语句子中的地位是不可动摇的， 除了祈使句、人物对话、说明书或某些特 殊实用文体中有时可省略主语，一般不使 用无主语句。
英译汉时许多英语句子的主语可以考虑省 略；汉译英时，则应力求主语到位。
例15
原句：As we lived near the road, we often had the traveler or stranger visit us to taste our gooseberry wine, for which we had reputation, and I confess, with the veracity of a historian, that I never knew one of them to find fault with it.
中英文化对比及其翻译作文
中英文化对比及其翻译作文英文，Cultural differences between China and the West are significant, and it can be challenging to navigatethese differences when communicating or doing business with people from different cultures. One of the most significant differences is the emphasis on collectivism versus individualism. In China, family and community are highly valued, and decisions are often made with the group in mind. In contrast, Western cultures tend to place a higher emphasis on individualism, with personal achievement and success being highly valued.Another significant difference is the approach to time. In China, punctuality is not always a top priority, andthere is a more relaxed attitude towards timekeeping. In contrast, Western cultures place a high value on punctuality, and being late is often seen as disrespectful. This can cause misunderstandings and frustration when scheduling meetings or appointments.Language is also a significant cultural difference. In China, indirect communication is common, and people may avoid saying no directly to avoid causing offense. In contrast, Western cultures tend to place a higher value on direct communication and saying what you mean. This canlead to misunderstandings and confusion when communicating with people from different cultures.Finally, there are differences in social etiquette and customs. For example, in China, it is customary to offergifts as a sign of respect or gratitude, while in Western cultures, this can be seen as bribery. Understanding these differences can help avoid misunderstandings and build stronger relationships with people from different cultures.中文，中西方文化差异显著，与来自不同文化背景的人交流或做生意时，很难应对这些差异。
翻译对比Howtogrowold汉译对比
翻译对比Howtogrowold汉译对比How to grow oldAn individual human existence should be like a river – small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will not be unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.（译例1）人的存在应当像是河流——最初涓涓细流，限制在狭窄的两岸之间，欢快的穿过岩石，跨越瀑布。
英汉句子比较与翻译
01
傅雷：东方人与西方人的思维方式有基本分歧，我人重综合，重归纳，重暗示，重含蓄；西方人则重分析，细微曲折，挖掘唯恐不尽，描写唯恐不周。
汉语学家王力：西洋语法是硬的，没有弹性；中国语法是软的，富有弹性。……所以中国语法以达意为主。 英国人写文章往往化零为整，而中国人写文章却往往化整为零。
1
2
3
5
这个问题必须予以处理。
6
This matter must be dealt with.
7
无被动助词
1
看似主动，但在主谓关系上却有被动含义，这种语言现象在汉语中大量存在。
2
例句：
3
那里讲什么语言？
4
What language is spoken there?
5
这个任务必须按时完成。
6
This task must be fulfilled in time.
There is nothing wrong with this computer.
这台电脑没有什么毛病。
2 –ible, -able 结尾的形容词作定语，与every, the only或形容词最高级连用来修饰一个名词时，也常需后置。 The doctors have tried every way possible. 大夫们已经试过各种可能的办法了。 They had the greatest difficulty imaginable getting there in time. 为了能及时赶到那儿，他们克服了极大的困难。 It is the only wild berry edible here in this area. 它是这个地区惟一能食用的野莓。
I worked very hard on this book.
二请将下列段落译成英文并对译文从英汉语言对比的角度
二、请将下列段落译成英文，并对译文从英汉语言对比的角度予以分析。
…老人说，草原狼都是饿狼的后代，原先那些丰衣足食的狼，后来都让逃荒来的饥狼打败了。
蒙古草原从来都是战场，只有那些最强壮、最聪明、最能吃能打、吃饱的时候也能记得住饥饿滋味的狼，才能顽强地活下来。
According to the old, the coyotes are all descendant of hungry wolves, the original wolves who lived in abundance, were all defeated by the later hungry wolves who were on famine flee. Mongolia grassland are the always battlefield, Only the wolves who are the strongest, the smartest, and wolves who still remember the hungry tastes even in the most abundant times that can survive.陈阵逐渐发现，蒙古草原狼有许多神圣的生存信条，而以命拼食、自尊独立就是其中的根本一条。
陈阵在喂小狼的时候，完全没有喂狗时那种高高在上救世济民的感觉。
小狼根本不领情，小狼的意识里绝没有被人豢养的感觉，它不会像狗一样一见到主人端来食盆，就摇头摆尾感激涕零。
小狼丝毫不感谢陈阵对它的养育之恩，也完全不认为这盆食是人赐给它的，而认为这是它自己争来的夺来的。
它要拼命护卫它自己争夺来的食物，甚至不惜以死相拼。
在陈阵和小狼的关系中，养育一词是不存在的，小狼只是被暂时囚禁了，而不是被豢养。
小狼在以死拼食的性格中，似乎有一种更为特立独行、桀骜不驯的精神在支撑着它。
陈阵觉得脊背一阵阵发冷，他不知道自己能否将这条小狼留住并养大。
中英文文章对比翻译
中英文文章对比翻译社会生活的信息化和经济的全球化，使英语的重要性日益突出。
英语作为最主要的信息载体之一，已成为人类生活各个领域中使用最广泛的语言。
下面是店铺带来的中英文文章对比翻译，欢迎阅读!中英文文章对比翻译1中国竞争最惨烈的工作岗位空姐!In recent years, air hostessing has come to be seen as one of the most competitive jobs in China. It has extremely strict requirements, and approximately 50 people apply for each available position.近年来，空姐已被视为中国最具竞争力的工作之一。
该职业要求极其严格，每个职位大约有50人共同竞争。
In addition to fulfilling a height requirement, flight attendant candidates must also pass a physical examination encompassing internal, ophthalmological and otorhinolaryngological health. Artistic performance is another selection standard for flight attendants.除了身高要求，空姐候选人还必须通过包括内科、眼科以及耳鼻喉科在内的各项体检。
同时，文艺表演也是选拔空姐的另一项标准。
China's past developing economy contributed to the popularity of the occupation. Because airplanes used to be seen not merely a mode of transportation, but also as a symbol of high social status, it used to be a true honor to work on an airplane.中国经济的腾飞使得空姐一职越来越受欢迎。
英汉语言对比与翻译juzilianxi
英汉语言对比与翻译---句子篇英语的形合及汉语的意合plete the English versions of the given Chinese sentences1.错误和挫折教训了我们,让我们变得更聪明,我们的事情就办的更好一些。
, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better.2.散步同游泳、汽车、跑步等一样,是一种有氧运动,能够增加皮肤和肌肉的供养,从而增进体能和耐力。
Walking—like swimming, bicycling and running—is an aerobic exercise which builds the capacity for energy output and physical endurance .3.她疲惫不堪，天气也越来越热，他于是下了决心，一碰到舒适的阴凉处，就坐下来休息。
determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade.4.天气太坏，我们无法动身。
prevented us from going.5.他跳起来，连忙跑到洗手间的镜子前，拿掉毛巾，细看他腮上(cheek)的伤口。
He jumped up and hastened to the mirror in the bathroom, .II.Translate the following sentences1.It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped andturned.2.No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip, wouldtransform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots.3.有了现代化的飞机，世界似乎小多了。
英汉对比与篇章翻译
English Order of Linguistic Elements 英语语序
Relatively flexible order （语序相对灵活） resulting from the use of inflections and connectives Phrases:
the Russian people, the people of Russia, the people living in Russia, the people who live in Russia a pretty and clever girl a girl pretty and clever a girl who is pretty and clever
Chinese Order of Linguistic Elements
Order of logic <cause-effect, conditionresult> （逻辑顺序：因果，条件-结果） • 志同道合，友谊才会持久。 • 名不正则言不顺，言不顺则事不成。 • 天下雨，运动会延期了。 • 他爱睡懒觉，考试难过关。
我们看到很多住人的迹 象，当漫步街头走过一 个很大的棚户集中地， 离中央大道不远。
Hale Waihona Puke 我们漫步街头，在中 央大道附近发现了一 个很大的棚户区，有 很多迹象表明茅棚里 还住了人。
Pay attention to Chinese order of time and space.
Contrast Between English and Chinese
The position will not be given up so long as we are still living.
英汉对比与翻译_3
译文2：When I met father in Xuzhou, the sight of the disorderly mess in his courtyard and the thought of grandma started tears trickling down my cheeks.
Chinese: Dynamic (动态)
Contrast Between English and Chinese
1. It is advised that the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the lecture theatre last Sunday put it back if he does not wish to get into trouble.
3. The sight of the big tree 我一看到那棵大树就想 always reminds me of my 起了童年的情景。 childhood.
Difference 1 English : Impersonal (物称) Chinese: Personal (人称)
译文对比
到徐州见着父亲，看见满院狼籍的东西， 又想起祖母，不禁簌簌地流下眼泪。
FL learning and translating. 对比分析有助于外语学习与翻译。
Please translate the following sentences:
第2章 英汉对比与翻译
confusing information about risks.
译文：从核安全到食品添加剂等自相矛盾又令人困惑
的危险信息纷至沓来。
例5
原文：本地区严禁砍伐松林。
译文：No one is allowed to clear-cut the pine forest
in this region. /Pine tree felling is prohibited here!
翻译时，为适应汉语行文习惯，英语的被动语态往往可 以考虑翻译成汉语的主动结构。另外，英译汉时，要尊 重汉语习惯，多使用动词或短语组句；多用流水句，少 用长句；多用人称主语，少用非人称主语；多使用主动 结构，少使用被动结构。
例6
原文：不入虎穴，焉得虎子
译文：If one does not enter the tiger’s den, how
Conclusion:
3. 英语多被动（Passive）；汉语多主动（Active）
英语多使用被动语态，汉语则较少使用。英语使用被动 语态主要是为了强调句子的动作承受者；不知道或没必 要说出动作的执行者；为了行文准确客观。英语的论说 文体特别是科技文章，使用被动结构的概率有时可多达 75%以上，因为西方人在陈述道理时推崇“客观性”， 而十分忌讳主观推论。
例8 原文：The metal was cooled in the air,
having been heated to a definite temperature in the furnace.
译文：这种金属先在炉内加热到一定温度， 而后置于空气中冷却。
例9
原文：像她那么漂亮的姑娘竟爱上了这么 一个丑八 怪，真有意思!
中英翻译对比
All the languages in this world reflect all kinds of thoughts. Different thoughts make the distinction between two language expressions. So this difference of thinking between English and Chinese also reflected in translation. Personally, the main differences can be shown in the following four aspects.1.English are focus on abstract thought, but Chinese are focus on concretethinking.In the history of China, theory that man is an integral part of nature enjoyed popular support, so Chinese would like to use entity to represent conception. When describe something, Chinese are opt to used movement or feeling to describe directly, but English usually see through the appearance to perceive the essence and they are used to use abstract conception to express entity.For example:Help me up. Let me see if I can bear weight.扶我一把，看我还能不能站起来。
英汉语对比与翻译
Comparison between English and Chinese vs. Translation
引子
There
isn’t much to live for in this jail of a house. He was open now to charges of willful blindness. 人不犯我，我不犯人。 我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没 有。 一匹马骑两个人。 他赢得起，输不起。 沉鱼落雁之容，闭月羞花之貌
3.
It
was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land, which were not silences at all, but motions, stirs, flutters, risings, fallings, each in its own time and matchless rhythm.
There isn’t much to live for in this jail of a house. (Charles Dickens) 住在这监狱一样的房子里，活着没有多大 意思。 My fool of a doctor told me to make my will. (John Galsworthy) 我那笨蛋医生叫我写遗嘱。
绿草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶翩翩，
这日子是如此清新可爱；蜜蜂无言， 春花不语，海波声歇，大地音寂， 这日子是如此安静，然而并非安静， 因为万物各以其特有的节奏，或动、 或摇、或震、或起、或伏。
汉英篇章对比与翻译共86页
谢谢！
汉英篇章对比与翻译
1、战鼓一响，法律无声。——英国 2、任何法律的根本；不，不成文法本 身就是 讲道理 ……法 律，也 ----即 明示道 理。— —爱·科 克
3、法律是最保险的头盔。——爱·科 克 4、一个国家如果纲纪不正，其国风一 定颓败 。—— 塞内加 5、法律不能使人人平等，但是在法律 面前人 人是平 等的。 —，也会招来人们的反感轻蔑和嫉妒。——培根 22、业精于勤，荒于嬉；行成于思，毁于随。——韩愈
23、一切节省，归根到底都归结为时间的节省。——马克思 24、意志命运往往背道而驰，决心到最后会全部推倒。——莎士比亚
英汉对比与翻译
例8
?原文：The metal was cooled in the air, having been heated to a definite temperature in the furnace.
?译文：这种金属先在炉内加热到一定温度， 而后置于空气中冷却。
例9
?原文：像她那么漂亮的姑娘竟爱上了这么 一个丑八 怪，真有意思!
?译文：It is funny that a beautiful girl like her should fall in love with such an ugly man.
Conclusion:
5. 英语前重心；汉语后重心
?英语句子叙事往往是前重心，汉语则习惯 于后重心。
?英语句子往往先说最近发生的事，再说先 前发生的事，基本按时间逆序展开；或者 先叙述事实，再说出其发生的时间、地点、 方式手段。汉语正好与此相反。此外，英 语句子往往先给出观点、结论、推断，再 加以论证；而汉语句子则习惯于先说事， 再总结，往往采用“前因后果”句式。
? 译文：他们都是那种火爆性子，先是没完没了地你刺激我， 我刺激你，半个 小时之后却又心平气和、谈笑风生地打 起扑克来了，什么事都没了。
Conclusion:
?6. 英语重短语；汉语轻短语
? 英语被形象称为“短语语言”，因为英语富含短 语，它们是英语句子的主要构成单位，语义复杂 难记，句法功能强大。
（Connectives）组成复句，形式上比较严谨，缺乏弹性； 汉语则重意合，即更多地依靠语序直接组合复句，由于其 句子成分用逻辑意义贯穿起来，结构灵活、简洁，不会引 起误解。掌握了上述差别，翻译工作者在构句上就有了基 础。
? 汉语句子之间的意思或句中的意思很多情况下并不需要关 联词来衔接，而意思仍然十分明确，因为汉语句子之间的 逻辑关系是暗含于句子结构之中或句子之间的，通过句子 的先后顺序一般就可以推断出句子间的逻辑关系和句子意 思。所以，与英语句子相比，汉语句子有时就显得结构松 散，句子短小，句式连接也不够严谨。汉语句子特征可描 述为“流水句法”，如汩汩“流水”，其间少用或不用连 接词，也不会影响其流畅与句意的准确性。英语句子可比 拟为“竹节句法”。
[评析]经典英语小短文（中英文对比）
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经典英语小短文(中英文对照)经典英语短文（带中文翻译）中文翻译, 英语短文However mean your life is,meet it and live it do not shun it and call it hard names.It is not so bad as you are.It looks poorest when you are richest.The fault-finder will find faults in paradise.Love your life,poor as it is.You may perhaps have some pleasant,thrilling,glorious hourss,even in apoor-house.The setting sun is reflected from the windows of the alms-house as brightly as from the rich man's abode;the snow melts before its door as early in the spring.I do not see but a quiet mind may live as contentedly there,and have as cheering thoughts,as in a palace.The town's poor seem to me often to live the most independent lives of any.May be they are simply great enough to receive without misgiving.Most think that they are above being supported by the town;but it often happens that they are not above supporting themselves by dishonest means.which should be more disreputable.Cultivate poverty like a garden herb,like sage.Do not trouble yourself much to get new things,whether clothes or friends,Turn the old,return to them.Things do not change;we change.Sell your clothes and keep your thoughts.不论你的生活如何卑贱，你要面对它生活，不要躲避它，更别用恶言咒骂它。
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1. The Dragon Boat Festival, also called the Duanwu Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese calendar. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by eating Tzung Tzu and racing dragon boats.The most important activities of this festival are the dragon boat races. Competing teams drive their colorful dragon boats forward to the rhythm（节奏,韵律） of beating drums. These exciting races were inspired by the villager's attempts to rescue Chu Yuan from the Mi Lo River. This tradition has remained unbroken for centuries.A very popular dish during the Dragon Boat festival is tzung tzu. This tasty dish consists of rice dumplings with meat, peanut, egg yolk（蛋黄）, or other fillings wrapped in bamboo leaves. The tradition of tzung tzu is meant to remind us of the village fishermen scattering rice across the water of the Mi Low River in order to appease the river dragons so that they would not devour Chu Yuan.一，端午节龙舟节也叫做端午节，它位于每年农历的五月初五，经过几千年的时间，划龙舟和吃粽子已经成为这个节日的标志。
端午节最重要的活动是龙舟竞赛，比赛的队伍在热烈的鼓声中划著他们多彩的龙舟前进。
这项活动的灵感是来自於当时汨罗江畔的居民，在江中划船救屈原，而这个传统也一直保持了数个世纪。
在端午节时受欢迎的食物就是粽子，粽子是以米包著肉、花生、蛋黄及其他材料，再以竹叶包裹。
而粽子的传统则来由於汨罗江边的渔夫，将米丢入江中平息江中的蛟龙，希望他们不要将屈原吃掉。
2. Double Ninth FestivalThe 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chong yang Festival, or Double Ninth Festival. It usually falls in October in the Gregorian calendar. In an ancient and mysterious book Yi Jing, or The Book of Changes, number 6 was thought to be of Yin character, meaning feminine or negative, while number 9 was thought to be Yang, meaning masculine or positive. So the number nine in both month and day create the Double Ninth Festival, or Chong yang Festival. Chong in Chinese means double. Also, as double ninth was pronounced the same as the word to signify forever, both are Jiu Jiu, the Chinese ancestors considered it an auspicious day worth celebration. That‘s why ancient Chinese began to celebrate this festival long time ago.The Double Ninth Festival is also a time when chrysanthemum blooms. China boasts diversified species of chrysanthemum and people have loved them since ancienttimes. So enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum also becomes a key activity on this festival. Also, people will drink chrysanthemum wine. Women used to stick such a flower into their hair or hang its branches on windows or doors to avoid evilness.In 1989, the Chinese government decided the Double Ninth Festival as Seniors‘ Day. Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities will organize an autumn trip each year for those who have retired from their posts. At the waterside or on the mountains, the seniors will find themselves merged into nature. Younger generations will bring elder ones to suburban areas or send gifts to them on this day.二，重阳节农历九月九日，为传统的重阳节。
因为古老的《易经》中把“六”定为阴数，把“九”定为阳数，九月九日，日月并阳，两九相重，故而叫重阳，也叫重九，古人认为是个值得庆贺的吉利日子，并且从很早就开始过此节日。
重阳节正是一年的金秋时节，菊花盛开，民间还把农历九月称为“菊月”，在菊花傲霜怒放的重阳节里，观赏菊花成了节日的一项重要内容，当然，人们也会喝一些菊花酒。
女人会把茱萸插在头上或挂在门口，可以避难消灾。
今天的重阳节，被赋予了新的含义，在1989年，我国把每年的九月九日定为老人节，传统与现代巧妙地结合，成为尊老、敬老、爱老、助老的老年人的节日。
全国各机关、团体、街道，往往都在此时组织从工作岗位上退下来的老人们秋游赏景，或临水玩乐，或登山健体，让身心都沐浴在大自然的怀抱里；不少家庭的晚辈也会搀扶着年老的长辈到郊外活动或为老人准备一些礼物。
三，元宵节每年农历的正月十五日是中国的元宵节。
元宵主要的活动就是看灯。
各式各样美丽的花灯在这一天都会点亮，孩子们提着自制的灯笼走街串巷，非常高兴。
猜灯谜也是元宵节的一项重要活动, 因为谜语能启迪智慧又有趣，所以深受社会各阶层的欢迎。
当天也有吃元宵的习俗，元宵又称汤圆，这个名称和“团圆”字音相近，所以人们也以此象征一家人团圆、和谐与幸福。
3. Chinese lantern festivalThe Lantern Festival in China falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month. This day's important activity is watching lanterns. Lanterns of various shapes and sizes are hung in the streets, attracting countless visitors. Children will hold self-made or bought lanterns to stroll with on the streets, extremely excited. "Guessing lantern riddles" is also an essential part of the Festival. As riddle guessing is interesting and full of wisdom, it hasbecome popular among all social strata. People will eat yuanxiao, or rice dumplings, on this day; Yuanxiao also has another name, tangyuan. tangyuan in Chinese has a similar pronunciation with "tuanyuan”, meaning reunion. So people eat them to denote union, harmony and happiness for the family.四，西湖是座落在历史悠久的杭州的著名的一个淡水湖泊。
西湖的名字早在唐朝就固定下来。
在宋代，中国著名诗人苏东坡写的一首诗来赞美西湖，把它和中国传说(legendary)中的美丽西子相比。
自那时以来，西湖有另一种优雅（elegant）的名字西子湖. 著名的西湖就像一颗璀璨的明珠，镶嵌(embed)在美丽富饶的中国东海沿岸。
意大利著名旅行家马可·波罗(Marco Polo)曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州：“这是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人觉得自己是在天堂。
”五，汉字是世界上使用时间最久、空间最广、人数最多的文字之一。
汉字的创制和应用不仅推进了中华文化的发展，而且对世界文化的发展产生了深远的影响。