英文段落写作方法和手段

Paragraph Development
好的英文段落不仅具有主题单一性和连 贯性，而且得到充分的发展，既有大意， 又有细节，以引起读者的兴趣。
Patterns of Paragraph Development
1. 2. 3.
4.
5.
6.
Facts and examples Process analysis Comparison and contrast Cause and effect Classification and division Problem and solution
3.Comparision and Contrast
Development by comparison and contrast is a type of logical writing which involves only two item, with the purpose of showing alike or different from each other they are.
What is a good topic sentence?
1.A good topic sentence includes a topic and a controlling idea. 2. A good topic sentence is limited. 3. A good topic sentence must lend itself to development.
How to achieve coherence?
Coherence can be achieved through the following methods: 1. Logical order of sentence in a paragraph 2. Parallel structures 3. Cohesive devices
To divide means to take a single item and break it into its component parts, and then analyze the connection among the parts and between the parts and the whole.
All that is not related to the thought should be excluded.
Ways to achieve unity
1.
Give each paragraph a controlling idea
2. Make all sentences in a paragraph support the main idea
You can structure a comparison and contrast paragraph in two basic ways:
By first presenting all the information about one item, then presenting all the information about the other item(the subject-by-subject pattern); or by moving back and forth between the two item, comparing and contrasting information in parallel(the point-by-point pattern)
6. Problems and solution
Paragraphs developed by the problemsolution pattern open with a statement of problem, usually the topic sentence, and then offer a solution in the sentences that follow.
英文段落写作方法和手段
一个好的段落应该是围绕一个中心思想展 开的信息体，具有统一性、连贯性和完 整性。
具体来说应具有以下特征：
围绕一个中心展开，段落中的每一个句 子都应支持或说明这一中心。 2. 段落的中心思想通常概括为一句话，一 般出现在段落开头。 3. 使用过渡词语，句子之间衔接自然。 4. 长度适中，足以表达完整的思想，但又 不过分冗长。 5. 使用具体的细节来说明中心思想。
The Topic Sentence
A controlling idea is extremely important in constructing a unified paragraph. In order to have a clearly stated controlling idea, you need a topic sentence in your paragraph to guide your readers.
5. Classification and division
To classify means to group related items according to some quality they have in common. In classification, you take many items and put them into a few groups.
Paragraph Coherence
连贯性是英文段落的重要特征之一，指 的是一个段落中，句子与句子之间的连 接自然流畅，前后脉络清晰，使读者阅 读起来有行云流水的感觉。
What is coherence
A paragraph is regarded as unified if it holds together, that is, if all ites details and examples support the central idea.
Coherence, therefore, refers to the connectedness and consistency of the ideas in one paragrap or essay. Each sentence in it naturally leads to the next in exploring the controlling idea.
There are two basic ways to organize cause and effect paragraphs. You can start by discussing a cause and then explore its effect. Another organizational approach is to focus first on effects, and then analyze the cause or causes.
Baidu Nhomakorabea
1.Facts and Examples
Presenting facts is the most basic method for developing the controlling idea in the topic sentence.
Facts are objectively true; they are true regardless of anyone’s feelings or beliefs. An example is a detail or illustration that supports an idea.
2.Process analysis
Process analysis is a type of writing that informs how to do something or how something happens step by step so that the reader can perform the process or understand the process more easily.
4. Cause and effect
Cause and effect writing is a form of logical development in which a writer discusses the cause why something happens and then discuss the results.
1.
Unity
What is unity? By unity we mean that a paragraph should state only one single thought, and all the developing sentences should explain or illustrate this thought.
logical order of sentence in a paragraph
1. Time order(or chronological order) One way to orgainze the ideas of a paragraph is to arrange the details in chronological order －that is, in the order of their occurrence in time. In a chronological paragraph, the earliest events come first, followed by more recent ones.