5t电动单梁桥式起重机的设计

5吨电动单梁桥式起重机的设计

5-ton electric single girder overhead

crane design

学院：机械工程学院

专业班级：机自0602

学号：*********

*******

指导教师：台立钢（讲师）

2010年6月28日

摘要

随着经济建设的迅速发展，我国的基础建设力度正逐渐加大，道路交通，机场，港口，水利水电，市政建设等基础设施的建设规模也越来越大，市场桥式起重机的需求也随之增加。

起重机是工矿企业、车站码头、实现搬运机械化、自动化，提高劳动生产效率的重要设备。它是以间歇、重复工作方式，通过取物装置的起升、下降与运移来实现物料搬运的设备。国内起重机多已采用计算机优化设计, 以此提高整机的技术性能和减轻自重, 并在此前提下尽量采用新结构。电动单梁起重机主要由桥架、电动葫芦、大车运行机构、电气备四大部分成。

桥架部分主要由主梁、横梁、小车导电支架、操纵室以及其他辅件组成。主梁主要采用钢板拼接成U型，再与工字钢组焊成箱型实腹梁，并按照标准预制出相应的拱度；横梁是采用钢板焊接成箱型，在箱型梁上镗孔以安装车轮组；在主梁和横梁之间采用连接板形式，并用螺栓联结而成为一体。

本文通过对5吨电动单梁桥式起重起的整体研究，和校核计算，进一步进行主梁的设计，大车运行机构的设计，端梁的设计等，最后用CAD绘制成图。

关键词：5吨电动单梁桥式起重机；主梁设计；大车运行机构；端梁设计

Abstract

With the rapid development of economic construction, China's infrastructure is gradually increase the intensity, road traffic, airports, ports, water conservancy and hydropower, municipal construction of infrastructure such as the scale of construction is also growing, crane market demand with the increase.

Crane is the mining industry and the station terminal to achieve removal of mechanization and automation to improve labor productivity vital equipment. It is intermittent, repetitive work, through extracts from the device up, down and transport to achieve material handling equipment.China has used computer optimized multi-crane design, thus improving the machine's technical performance and reduce weight, and in this context as far as possible the new structure.

Bridge is mainly composed of girder beams, car, conductive stents, control room and other auxiliary parts. Mainly USES the steel plate girder u-shaped, then becomes real choices and compound type crate, according to standard and abdominal beam prefabricated corresponding arch, Using steel welding beam is in the box, type a crate of beam to install wheel, boring, In between girder and beams, and by connecting plate forms looseness and become one.

Based on the overall study of 5-ton electric single girder overhead crane , check calculation is given, the design of main beam, end beam and carts running mechanism, is made further, and finally the drawings are output with CAD.

Keywords: 5-ton electric single girder overhead crane；design of the main beam；design of carts running mechanism；end beam design

目录

摘要................................................................................................................................... II Abstract .................................................................................................................................... III 第一章绪论 (1)

1.1 起重的工作特点及在国民经济中的地位 (1)

1.2 国内起重机发展趋势 (2)

1.2.1改进起重机械的结构, 减轻自重 (2)

1.2.2充分吸收利用国外先进技术 (2)

1.2.3向大型化发展 (3)

1.3 国外起重发展趋势 (3)

1.3.1简化设备结构, 减轻自重, 降低生产成 (3)

1.3.2更新零部件, 提高整机性能 (4)

1.3.3设备大型化 (4)

1.3.4机械化运输系统的组合应用 (4)

第二章5吨电动单梁桥式起重机的工作级别 (5)

2.1 起重机利用等级 (5)

2.2 起重机的载荷状态 (6)

2.3 起重机工作级别的确定 (7)

第三章5吨电动单梁桥式起重机的主梁计算 (8)

3.1 主梁断面的几何特性 (8)

3.1.1主梁断面面积 (8)

χ-位置 (8)

3.1.2主梁断面水平形心轴χ

3.1.3主梁断面惯性距 (9)

3.2 主梁强度的计算 (10)

3.2.1垂直载荷在下翼丝引起的弯曲正应力 (10)

3.2.2主梁工字钢下翼局部弯曲计算 (11)

3.2.3工字钢下翼缘局部弯曲应力计算 (12)

3.2.3主梁跨中断面当量应力计算 (14)

第四章刚度计算 (15)

4.1垂直静刚度的计算 (15)

4.2水平静刚度计算 (15)

4.3动刚度计算 (16)

第五章端梁的计算 (17)