电子信息专业论文 蓄电池智能充放电系统的设计

中国网络大学CHINESE NETWORK UNIVERSITY

本科毕业设计(论文)蓄电池智能充放电系统的设计

院系名称：

专业：

学生姓名：

学号：123456789

指导老师：

中国网络大学教务处制

2019年03月01日

蓄电池智能充放电系统的设计

摘要

本文介绍了一种铅酸蓄电池智能充电以及放电的设计过程，其中包括了对电池充电方法的研究和充电放电系统的具体设计。在对铅蓄电池充电方式研究的基础上，提出了采用恒流限压以及恒压限流充电相结合的方法进行充电。此方法可以使充电过程更符合蓄电池的充电特性曲线，并且在整个充电的过程中，采取去蓄电池极化的措施，理论研究和实验数据均表明，此方式可以延长电池使用寿命，提高充电效率。

在本设计中，采用了降压高频开关电源，主回路包括一个24v/1A的直流电源，P沟道MOS管及开关降压电路以及P沟道MOS管和大功率LED构成的放电回路。控制电路包括了STC12C5A60S2单片机最小系统、LCD12864液晶显示模块、按键选择电路以及执行机构。P沟道MOS管选用IRF4905,大功率LED是1W的灯珠，显示屏使用的是自带字库的LCD12864；由于STC12C5A60S2内部自带10位ADC及PWM,所以超过5V模拟量的检测直接由分压电阻分压后接到ADC端口即可实现，而控制MOS管的PWM也由单片机直接产生。通过采集采样电阻的电压，可以计算出充电电流。而通过采集铅蓄电池的端电压，可以实现充电和放电电压的检测。然后通过控制单片机进行PID调节，改变PWM的占空比达到控制电池充电电流曲线趋向理想状态的目的，从而实现铅酸蓄电池的智能充电。放电则是通过按键控制MOS 管开关大功率LED实现。实验结果表明，基于STC12C5A60S2的智能充放电系统，充电效果好，充电电流曲线趋于最佳状态，充电后电池电量足，此系统的应用前景广阔。

关键词：蓄电池；PID；恒流充电；恒压充电；LCD12864

The design of the battery intelligently charging and discharging

system

ABSTRACT

This article is mainly introduced a process that a battery charging and discharging intelligently , including the study of battery charging method and the specific design of the charging and discharging system. On the basis of the research of battery charging method , proposed by adopting the combination of constant current and constant voltage charge method to charge.This method can make the process more accord with battery charging characteristic curve, and i-n the process of the charging , take measures to battery polarization, both theoretical research andexperimental data show that this approach can extend battery life, improve the charging efficie-ncy.

In this design, uses high-frequency step-down switching power supply, the main circuit includes a 24V/1A DC power supply, P-channel MOS transistor and the switching step-down circuit and the P-channel MOS transistors and high-power LED constitute a discharge circuit. The control circuit includes STC12C5A60S2 smallest single-chip system, the display circuit, as well as key control circuit implementation of the circuit.P-channel MOS transistor selectS IRF4905, high power LED is 1W lamp beads, the display uses its own font LCD12864;Since STC12C5A60S2 own internal 10-bit ADC and PWM, So more than 5V analog detection directly after dividing resistor divider connected to ADC port can be realized, and PWM control MOS tube directly generated by the microcontroller.By collecting The voltage across the battery and voltage difference of Sampling resistor,.can realize the detection of Charging current and the charge-discharge voltage.And then do PID regulation By controlling the microcontroller，change the Duty cycle of PWM to the purpose that control the charging current and voltage , so as to realize the intelligently charging of batteries,Discharge is a Lamp beads light or not by button control MOS .The results of experiment show that the intelligently charging and discharging system based on STC12C5A60S2 MCU control, charging efficiency is high, during charging, the charging curve adjustment is quickly and effectively, charging performance is good, and with a good prospect.

KEY WORDS：Storage battery PID Constant current charging Constant voltage charging LCD12864