阅读理解主要测试题型分析

阅读理解主要测试题型分析根据大纲要求，大学英语（B）要求：考生应能读懂与日常生活和社会生活相关的不同类型的文字材料，阅读速度为每分钟50个单词。

并且能够：理解主旨要义；理解文中具体信息；根据上下文推测生词词义；进行有关的判断、推理和引申；并且理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

取材：故事、人物、科普、社会、文化文体：记叙文、描述文、说明文、应用文、议论文题型分析：1．主旨大意题a.The best title for this passage is_______.b.The main idea of the passage is________.c.The passage is mainly about/ concerned with ________.d.The author mainly discusses________.e.The title that best expresses the main idea is _________.f.The author’s purpose in writing this passage is _________.g.What is the main topic of the passage?h.What would be the most appropriate title for this passage?i.Which sentence best summarizes the article?2. 具体细节题具体事实：a. What do we know about…?b. Why is ….?c. How many … in this article?d. In what year…?e. According to the passage, who…?f. According to the author, the techniques can be used to ________.列举题：a. Which of the following statements is (not) true?b. The author mentions all of the items listed below except…事例a. What does the example…tell us?b. The story/example of… demonstrates ________.3. 词汇题a. Which is the possible meaning of the word : “…” in line…?b. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to…?c. In line…, the word “this/that, these/those/it/them” stand for….4. 推断，预测和引申题a. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.b. The next paragraph would most probably deal with _____.c. The paragraph preceding this one may discuss _________.d. Which of the following can be inferred from the article?5. 作者态度题a. Which of the following the author is most likely to agree with?b. The author’s attitude towards … might be best summarized as…c. What is the tone of the author …?解题策略掌握了这些基本题型之后，则需明确各个题型的解题策略：1．主旨大意题：对于一般的阅读理解文章来说，主旨多在文章的首尾段，文章的主旨所在位置以出现的频率为准，如下：a.第一段的最后一句话；b.最后一段（开头、结尾均可，要注意辨别，表明观点、态度等的则是主旨）c.第二段的第一句（个别情况下第二句）d.各段的第一句话相加之后的意思。

2．具体细节题：1）具体事实：在做这种类型的题目时，只需找准句子中的关键词，在原文定位并精读该部分，找出所需查找的具体事实信息即可；2）列举题需要注意什么样的句子之后会进行列举：There are several ways to improve one’s spoken English. 在该句中，several 就可说明此后会进行列举，可对下文出现的信息进行标注，标出1，2，3，4……这样有助于在选择项中找出正确答案；3）例子题这种题目一般会问该事例或故事等说明了什么，答案一般就是该事例前的理论，事例后表述的目的或该段的主题句；3．词汇题一般有两种类型，一种是考察某个单词、短语在上下文中的意思，可通过以下步骤解决：1）根据构词法来猜测词义；2）到上下文中判断词义，可利用同义词、反义词；解释或定义（in other words, that is, which is…, which means…）; 举例(for example/for instance), 句式（如因果关系句，递进句式等）……3）代入法---把选项代入，从词义和语法的层面来判断是否正确。

第二种类型，考察this/that/these/those/it/which 等在原文中指代的内容，需根据上下文来判断。

4．推理、推断题1）如果题目问该篇文章前面的段落或文章后面的段落有可能谈到什么，则需分别读文章第一段的第一句话，或最后一段的最后一句来判断，要特别注意过渡词，即连接副词等。

2）如果问文章可推断中什么，就等于在问文章的中心是什么；3）如果问由某段可推断出什么，则等于问该段的中心。

5．作者的观点、态度题这个题目在很大程度上等于问全文的中心是什么。

解题步骤：做阅读理解题的具体步骤可视个人的具体情况而定，不过根据我的个人经验，在此推荐一种做题的步骤：1．阅读第一个题的题干，确定是否有路标词（可指引你在原文中找到具体位置的部分），如果有路标词（通常是数字，大写的单词，斜体或特殊符号标记的部分，关键词等），则来到第二步，如果没有，则进行到下一个题目；例：What does the passage tell us? （该题干中就没有路标词，可跳过去做第二个题）What is the job typically held by women? (该题干中的job, women 都可作为路标词) 2．划出题干中的路标词，并回到原文定位；3．精读该部分，找到题目的答案；4．回到题目，直接选出正确的选项。

依次过渡到下面的题目，如果有路标词，则依上面的步骤完成该题目（注意回到原文阅读时，一定要紧接上一个题目停下的位置来读），这样文章读完一遍时应该完成了大部分的题目（细节题和词汇题）。

之后，思考一下全文的中心，完成其余的题目。

Example:Passage 1Doctors believe that second-hand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke. Nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people's cigarettes. This is second-hand smoke. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that about fifty-three thousand people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to second-hand smoke.It is harder for children to avoid second-hand smoke. In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker. Research shows that these children are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes. The damaging effects of second-hand smoke on children also continue as they grow up. The children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke.People are becoming very aware of the danger of second-hand smoke. As a result, they have passed laws that prohibit people from smoking in many public places. Currently, 45 states in the United States have laws that restrict, or limit smoking. The most well-known law doesn't allow people to smoke on short native airline flights, i.e. flights within the country.1. Compared with nonsmokers' children, the children whose parents both smoke are likely to______.A) grow up more slowlyB) be sick under the age of fiveC) develop lung cancer more oftenD) become smokers more easily2. Why are there laws made against smoking in public places in the U. S.?A) Because people have realized the danger of second-hand smoke.B) Because more and more people don't like smoking now.C) Because parents don't want their children to become smokers.D) Because the government wants to limit the production of cigarettes.3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A) The number of smokers' children is twice greater than that of nonsmokers' children.B) People are now not allowed to smoke on airline flights in the U.S.C) Adults whose parents smoked when they were children get cancer more frequently.D) Second-hand smoke is not as dangerous as first-hand smoke.4. From the passage we can conclude that______.A) the main cause of lung cancer is second-hand smokeB) most people know nothing about the danger of second-hand smokeC) public places are dangerous for people to stayD) children suffer most from second-hand smoke5. This passage is mainly about______.A) how people get cancerB) who can get cancer easilyC) what should be done with smoking in publicD) whether second-hand smoking can be harmfulPassage 2Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go in to their offices or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up early in the morning and reach home late in the evening.One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper. Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to rent. With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of one’s own.Then, in the country one can really get away from the noise and hurry of busy working lives. Even though one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep better at night and during weekends and on summer evenings, one can enjoy the fresh, clean air of the country. If one likes gardens, one can spend one’s free time digging, planting, watering and doing the hundred and one other jobs which are needed in a garden. Then, when the flowers and vegetables come up, one has got the reward together with those who have shared the secret of Nature.Some people, however, taken on interest in country things: for them, happiness les in the town, with its cinemas and theatres, beautiful shops and busy streets, dance-halls and restaurants. Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live it outside London. An occasional walk in one of the parks and a fortnight’s (two weeks) visit to the sea every summer is all the country they want: the rest they are quite prepared to leave to those who are glad to get away from London every night.6. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. People who love Nature prefer to live outside the city.B. All the people who work in London prefer to live in the country.C. Some people enjoying cit life prefer to work and live inside London.D. Many nature lovers, though working in London, prefer to live outside the city.7. With the same money needed for ____, one can buy a little house with a garden in the country.A. getting a small flat with a gardenB. having a small flat with a gardenC. renting a small flat without a gardenD. buying a small flat without a garden8. When the garden is in blossom, the one _____ has been rewarded.A. living in the countryB. having spent time working in the gardenC. having a garden of his ownD. having been digging, planting and watering9. People who think happiness lies in the city life would feel that ___ if they had to live outside London.A. their life was meaninglessB. their life was invaluableC. they didn’t deserve a happy lifeD. they were not worthy of their happy life10. The underlined phrase get away from in the 3rd paragraph refers to ______.A. deal withB. do away withC. escape fromD. prevent from。