2020新课标高考艺考英语复习教师用书：第一板块专题二第一讲 名词和冠词

第一讲　名词和冠词

语法项目(一)名词

[考纲解读·定方向]

语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，来判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词；有的还要结合语境分析句子成分，来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。

如何确定填单复数、所有格还是派生为名词

[思考趋向]

1．填名词的单复数

若提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的单复数。

2．填名词的所有格

提示词为名词时，如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。

3．派生为名词

[典例感悟]

[典例1](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.

解析：invitations　invitation“邀请”是可数名词，其前有several修饰，应用复数形式。

[典例2](2019·湖南师大附中模拟)This could be ________ (Mary) motto——the expression that best captures her spirit.

解析：Mary's　此题考查名词的所有格，根据语境应该表示“玛丽的格言”。

[典例3](2017·浙江卷11月)Of course you have to work at it.You wouldn't think that a few ________ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life，and that's also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.

解析：months　考查名词的数。根据空前的a few及month为可数名词可知，此处表示

“几个月的锻炼”，故用month的复数形式。

[典例4](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ________(educate)．

解析：education　根据空格前的修饰语定答案。前面由形容词性物主代词her(她的)修饰，故用educate的名词形式，education是不可数名词。

名词单数变复数的技法

牢记名词变复数的5种

变化形式

[实例体验]

1．(2018·浙江卷6月)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese ________ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.

解析：dishes　[考查名词的数。dish是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式dishes。]

2．(2018·福州期末)A hutong is an ancient city street typical in Beijing.Surrounding the Forbidden City，many were built during the Yuan，Ming and Qing ________ (dynasty)．解析：dynasties　[考查名词的数。根据该句中的“Yuan，Ming and Qing”可知，此处指三个朝代，dynasty为可数名词，故用其复数形式。]

3．(2017·浙江卷6月)Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.

解析：carrots　[carrot是可数名词，根据a handful of“一把”可知，应用其复数形式。] 4．(2020·江西重点中学盟校联考)________ (tomato) and potatoes took some time to become popular.

解析：Tomatoes　[and连接并列主语，由potatoes可知tomato应用复数形式。]

5．(2020·四川龙泉模拟)They may let you surf the Internet，listen to music and take ________ (photo) wherever you are.

解析：photos　[take photos意为“拍照”。]

6．(2020·湖北宜昌葛洲坝中学月考)Not only have the fables themselves lived for nearly 1,500 years，but ________ (express) from them have entered various languages.

解析：expressions　[句意：不仅这些寓言本身存在了近1 500年，而且里面的一些词语已经被收录到各种语言中了。设空处表示“词语”之意，在句中作主语，需用名词形式；根据设空处后的have entered可推知设空处需用名词复数形式，故填expressions。] 7．(2019·福建厦门期末)The 17th­century philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon declared that nothing had changed the world more deeply than three great ________ (invention)：gunpowder，printing and the compass.

解析：inventions　[句意：17世纪的哲学家兼政治家弗朗西斯·培根宣称：任何东西都不如火药、印刷术和指南针这三项伟大的发明对世界造成的变化大。根据设空处前的three可