2006级土木工程专业英语课程考试试卷A参考答案
(完整word版)06年专四真题及答案,推荐文档
PARTⅠDICTION [15 MIN]Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]SECTION A CONVERSATIONSQuestions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.1.How did Mark get there?A.By train and by car.B.By plane and by coach.C.By train and by bus.D.By bus and by plane.2.Mark used to wear all the following EXCEPTA.short hair.B.glasses.C.moustache.D.beard.3.Where is the meeting for new students to be held?A.In the third room on the right.B.In the Common Room.C.In a room at the other end.D.In Room 501. Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.4.What did Steve originally plan to do?A.To go to a park near the beach.B.To stay at home.C.To see a new film.D.To do some study.5.Maggie finally decided to go to see a film becauseA.there was no park nearby.B.the weather wasn’t ideal for a walk.C.it would be easier to go to a cinema.D.Steve hadn’t seen the film yet.6.Where did they plan to meet?A.Outside the Town Hall.B.Near the bank.C.In Steven’s place.D.At the cinema.Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.7.The following details are true about the new device EXCEPTA.it has colour.B.it has a moving image.C.it costs less money.D.it is not on the market.8.Why didn’t Bill want one of them?A.He wanted to buy one from Japan.B.He wasn’t sure about its quality.C.He thought it was for business use.D.He thought it was expensive.9.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the woman?A.She had never read the magazine herself.B.She knew who usually read the magazine.C.She was quite interested in the new device.D.She agreed with Bill at the end of the conversation.10.The conversation is mainly aboutA.a new type of telephone.B.the cost of telephone.C.some features of the magazine.D.the readership of the magazine.SECTION B PASSAGESQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.11.In the old days dogs were used for the following EXCEPTA.hunting other animals.B.driving sheep.C.guarding chickens.D.keeping thieves away.12.Which of the following is CORRECT?A.Dogs are now treated as part of a family.B.Dogs still performed all the duties they used to do.C.People now keep dogs for the same reasons as before.D.Only old people are seen walking their dogs.13.The passage is mainly aboutA.what dogs can do.B.how to keep dogs.C.dogs and their masters.D.reasons for keeping dogs. Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.14.According to the passage, the working conditions in the new placeA.are the same as the speaker is used to.B.are expected to be rather poor.C.are just as adequate.D.are not yet clear.15.What is the speaker going to do in the new place?A.Travelling.B.Studying.C.Settling down.D.Teaching.16.The speaker expectsA.fewer choices of food.B.many ways to do washing.C.modern lighting facilities.D.new types of drinking water.17.From the passage we learn that the speakerA.is unprepared for the new post.B.is unclear about the conditions there.C.is ready for all the difficulties there.D.is eager to know more about the post.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.18.According to the passage, when are children first expected to study hard?A.Before 6 years of age.B.Between 6 and 10.C.After 10 years of age.D.After 12 years of age.19. Parents who abuse their children tend to have the following problems EXCEPTA.religious problems.B.emotional problems.C.financial problems.D.marriage problems.20.Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A.Boys and girls are equally energetic.B.Parents have higher expectations for boys.C.Some parents lack skills to deal with their kids.D.Some parents are ill-educated and ill-tempered. SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.21.What has happened to the Cubans?A.They set foot in Floria.B.They were drowned.C.They were flown to the U.S.D.They were sent back to Cuba.22.How did the Cubans try to enter the U.S.?A.In a small boat.B.In an old truck.C.By swimming.D.By driving.Questions 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.23.How many cities will have air quality monitoring systems installed by the end of this year?A.42 cities.B.220 cities.C. 150 cities.D. 262 cities.Questions 24 and25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.24. Altogether how many people were reported missing?A. 68.B.90.C. 150.D. 40.25.Which of the following details is INCORRECT?A.The two ferries sank on different days.B.The accidents were caused by storms.C.The two ferries sank on the same river.D.More people were rescued from the first ferry.Questions 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.26.What is the news item mainly about?A.Indonesian government policies.B.Australia’s support to the UN assistance mission.C.Opening of an Australian consulate in East Timor.D.Talks between Australia and Indonesia.Questions 27 to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.27. The news item is mainly about a joint venture betweenA.a US company and a UK company.B.a Swiss company and a UK company.C.two Taiwanese companies.D.a mainland company and a US company.28.Who will provide the distribution networks in the joint venture?A.Unilever.B.Nestle.C.PepsiCo.D.Coca Cola.Questions 29 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.29.Who staged the protect on Saturday?A.The soldiers.B.The peace camp.C.The militants.D. The hardliners.30. Which of the following details about the news is INCOPPECT?A.13 soilders were killed last week.B.100,000 people participated in the protest.C. The protesters demanded a pullout from Gaza.D.The Prime Minister rejected the pullout plan.PART ⅢCLOZE [15 MIN]There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most ( 31 )＿held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder--- even if it means (32)＿the pavement into a busy street! (33)＿you must pass under a ladder you can (34)＿bad luck by crossing your fingers and (35)＿them crossed until you have seen a dog. (36)＿, you may lick your finger and (37)＿a cross on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the (38)＿has dried.Another common (39)＿is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house---it will either bring (40)＿to the person who opened it or to the whole (41)＿. Anyone opening an umbrella in fine weather is (42)＿, as it inevitably brings rain! The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month (43)＿on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid a bad event had better stay (44)＿.The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, (45)＿it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to (46)＿in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are (47)＿witchcraft. It is (48)＿lucky if a black cat crosses your path-although in America the exact opposite belief prevails. Finally, a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood (49)＿luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never (50)＿, touch wood?”31. A broadly B widely C quickly D speedily32. A running from B jumping off C stepping off D keeping from33. A If B As C Though D Unless34. A erase B remove C avoid D ease35. A keep B keeping C kept D to keep36. A Consequently B However C Comparatively D Alternatively37. A make B print C perform D produce38. A label B symbol C mark D cut39. A argument B superstition C opinion D idea40. A loss B difficulty C tragedy D misfortune41. A house B household C home D circle42. A unwise B unintelligent C unpopular D unfortunate43. A falls B arrives C drops D happens44. A away B outdoors C indoors D far45. A when B as C if D though46. A have originated B be originating C be originated D originate47. A concerned about B related with C associated with D connected in48. A especially B specially C frequently D rarely49. A as B for C in D of50. A broken up B broken off C broken away D broken downPART IV GRAMMAR＆VOCABULARY [15MIN]51. __ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.A AlthoughB whateverC AsD However52. If only I __ play the guitar as well as you!A wouldB couldC shouldD might53. The party, __ I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.A by whichB for whichC to whichD at which54. It’s high time we __ cutting down the rainforests.A stoppedB had to stopC shall stopD stop55. The student said there were a few points in the essay he __ impossible to comprehend.A has foundB was findingC had foundD would find56. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone __ an opportunity to hear the speech.A ought to haveB must haveC may haveD should have57. I am surprised __ this city is a dull place to live in.A that you should thinkB by what you are thinkingC that you would thinkD with what you were thinking58. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not __ for her work.A enough goodB good enoughC as good enoughD good as enough59. It is imperative that the government __ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.A attractsB shall attractC attractD has to attract60. Land belongs to the city; there is __ thing as private ownership of land.A no such aB not suchC not such aD no such61. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk __ far.A /B suchC thatD as62. The statistics __ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.A provesB is provingC are provingD prove63. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, __ the spoilt ones.A not countingB not to countC don’t countD having not counted64. It was __ we had hopedA more a success thanB a success more thanC as much of a success asD a success as much as65. There used to be a petrol station near the park, __?A didn’t itB doesn’t thereC usedn’t it?D didn’t there66. It is an offence to show __ against people of different races.A distinctionB differenceC separationD discrimination67. A great amount of work has gone into __ the Cathedral to its previous splendour.A refreshingB restoringC renovatingD renewing68. The thieves fled with the local police close on their __.A backsB necksC toesD heels69. The economic recession has meant that job __ is a rare thing.A securityB safetyC protectionD secureness70. Many people nowadays save money to __ for their old age.A caterB supplyC provideD equip71. The tone of the article __ the writer’s mood at the time.A reproducedB reflectedC imaginedD imitated72. This is not the right __ to ask for my help; I am far too busy even to listen!A momentB situationC opportunityD circumstance73. The job of a student accommodation officer __ a great many visits to landladies.A concernsB offersC asksD involves74. Our family doctor’s clinic __ at the junction of two busy roads.A restsB standsC staysD seats75. She was so fat that she could only just __ through the door.A assembleB appearC squeezeD gather76. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was __.A leakingB tricklingC drippingD floating77. The reception was attended by __ members of the local community.A excellentB conspicuousC prominentD noticeable78. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but __ slightly in the afternoon.A regainedB recoveredC restoredD revived79. His __ brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure.A richB quickC productiveD fertile80. The couple has donated a not __ amount of money to the foundation.A inconsiderableB inconsiderateC inaccurateD incomparablePART ⅤREADING COMPREHENSION [25MIN]TEXT AIn the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.First, let’s talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”, but “text me aroun d 8 and we’ll see where we all are”.Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”,two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the “texters”-those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice.They found that the mobile phone’s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselves and keep out ot her people.Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people’s privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn’t worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.81 when people plan to meet nowadays, theyA arrange the meeting place beforehandB postpone fixing the place till last minuteC seldom care about when and where to meetD still love to work out detailed meeting plans.82 According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effect are mostly likely to be seen onA TALKERSB the "speakeasy"C the “spacemaker”D texters83 We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters areA quite revealingB well writtenC unacceptable by othersD shocking to others84 according to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile?A TalkersB T he “speakeasy”C T he “spacemaker”D Texters85 an appropriate title for the passage might beA The SMS effectB Cultural implication of mobile useC Change in the use of the mobileD Body language and the mobile phone!TEXT BOver the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal-or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class-whether a person is “working-class” or “middle-class”--are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers’ jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her “housekeeping”, would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was-and still is – inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as a top priority, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws to improve job-security, combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about “tomorrow”. Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gapbetween the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups. 86, which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past?A Life style and occupationB Attitude and incomeC Income and job securityD Job security and hobbies87 the writer seems to suggest that the description of＿＿is closer to truth?A middle –class ways of spending moneyB working-class ways of spending the weekendC working-class drinking habitsD middle-class attitudes88 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a typical feature of the middle -class?A Desiring for securityB Making long-term plansC Having priorities in lifeD Saving money89 Working-class people's sense of security increased as a result of all the following factors EXCEPTA better social securityB more job opportunitiesC higher living standardD better legal protection.90.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.B The gap between working -class and middle- class young people is narrowing.C Differences in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear.D Middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class people.TEXT CFor several days I saw little of Mr. Rochester. In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from the neighourhood called and sometimes stayed to dine with him. When his foot was well enough, he rode out a great deal.During this time, all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile. His changes of manner did not offend me, because I saw that I had nothing to do with the cause of them.One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his armchair, and looked not quite so severe, and much less gloomy. There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As I was looking at him, he suddenl y turned, and asked me, “do you think I’m handsome, Miss Eyre?”The answer somehow slipped from my tongue before I realized it: ‘No, sir.”“A h, you really are unusual! You are a quiet, serious little person, but you can be almost rude.”“Sir, I’m sorry. I should have said that beauty doesn’t matter, or something like that,”“No, you shouldn’t! I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stab me in the back! You have honesty and feeling. There are not many girls like you. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhaps you have awful faults to counterbalance your few good points.”I thought to myself that he might have too. He seemed to read my mind, and said quickly,“Yes, you’re right. I have plenty of faults. I went the wrong way when I was twenty-one, and have never found the right path again. I might have been very different.I might have been as good as you, and perhaps wiser. I am not a bad man, take my word for it, but I have done wrong. It wasn’t my character, but circumstances which were to blame. Why do I tell you all this? Because you’re the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to, because you’re sympathetic and give them hope.”It seemed he had quite a lot to talk to me. He didn’t seem to like to finish the talk quickly, as was the case for the first time.“Don’t be afraid of me, Miss Eyre.” He continued. “you don’t relax or laugh very much, perhaps because of the effect Lowood school has had on you. But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, and speak freely. You’re like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, you’ll fly very high. Good night.”91. At the beginning Miss Eyre 's impressions of Mr.Rochester were all EXCEPTA busyB sociableC friendlyD changeable92. In "....and all my knowledge of him was li mited to occasional meetings about the house,…”(the second paragraph), the word “about” meansA aroundB onC outsideD concerning.93. Why did Mr.Rochester say" ..and the you stab me in the back!" (the 7th paragraph)?.A Because Jane had intended to kill him with a knife.B Because Jane had intended to be more critical.C Because Jane had regretted having talked to him.D Because Jane had said something else to correct herself.94. From what Mr.Rochest told Miss Eyre, we can conclude that he wanted toA tell her all his troubles.B tell her his life experience.C change her opinion of him.D change his circumstances.95. At the end of the passage, Mr. Rochester soundedA rudeB coldC friendlyD encouraging.TEXT DThe ideal companion machine-the computer- would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities that make interaction with other people enjoyable would be imitated as closely as possible, and the machine would appear to be charming, and easygoing.Its informal conversational style would make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intimate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful, well-timed friendship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend.An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of the benefits that people obtain from interpersonal friendships. The machine would participate in interesting conversation that could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the user’s life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The computer’s own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.96. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the ideal companion machine?A Active in communicationB Attractive in personality.C enjoyable in performance.D unpredictable in behaviour97. The computer would develop friendships with humans in a (n)___ way.A quickB unpredictableC productiveD inconspicuous.98. Which of the following aspects is NOT mentioned when the passage discusses the benefits of artificial relationships?A Being able to pick up an interesting conversation.B Being sensitive to earlier contact.C Being ready to learn about the person's life.D Having a pleasant and adaptable personality.99Throughout the passage, the author is ____ in his attitude towards the computerA favourableB criticalC vagueD hesitant100. Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage?A Artificial relationships .B How to form intimate relationshipsC The affectionate machineD Humans and computers。
2005级土木工程专业英语课程考试试卷A参考答案
2、All soils beneath the surface are in a state of compaction; that is, they are under a pressure that is equal to the weight of the soil column above it.
答：从废水排入江河处的下游取用饮水时,不仅要特别注意从废水中清除有机物,而且要注意进行纯化微生物的消毒处理.也要关注从工厂排出的有机化学污染物,还要关注,沿杀虫剂和除草剂所污染的河流所灌溉的农田流出的排出物。
得
分
五、判断以下各句下画线部分何处有错，并改错。（每句只有一处有错）
（每小题2分，共10分）
答：所有地表以下的土都处于受压状态，说得更精确些，这些土承受与作用在其上的土柱重量相等的压力。
3、Architecture calls for good proportions—a pleasing relationship of voids to solids, of height to width, of length to breadth.
3
Where wastewater discharges into rivers from which drinking water is takendownstream(下游), special attention is given not only to the removal of organic matter from the wastes but also to the disinfection processes that inactivatemicroorganisms(微生物). Also of concern are discharges of organic chemical contaminants from industry or runoff from farm lands along the river contaminated bypesticides(杀虫剂) andherbicides(除草剂).
土木工程英语测试一
Specialized English （civil engineering）土木工程专业英语测试一班级_______________ 姓名_______________ 学号___________得分________ Part I Translate the following Chinese terms into English.结构工程师____________土木工程师____________土木工程_______________ 建筑工地______________水力学________________建筑学_________________ 环境卫生系统__________港口设备_______________ 水流_____________________ 污水处理系统______________ 城市规划__________________ 水的净化_________________ 军事工程_________________ 变更___________________绿化层______________室内游泳池______________ 健身俱乐部______________ 技术规范______________Part II Translate the following English terms into Chinese.Winter Palace_____________ The Sydney Opera House_________________ Greek Acropolis_____________________superimposed load __________________________teaching office building area __________________the students dormitory area __________________civilian use____________________ structural engineering _________________ permanent structures _________________hydraulic engineering _________________ water supply _________________ advice and consultation_________________ technical investigation and analysis_________________construction consultation and inspection_________________construction management _________________ recreation facilities______________ solar zone______________service road ______________vehicular access______________maintenance period ______________multi-storey residential building______________Ground Floor ______________basement floors______________water tank ______________tenant amenities______________External Landscape Area______________front –of-house(FOH)______________main residential drop-off______________outdoor terrace seating______________plenum floor ______________duplex apartment______________cladding works ______________permanent power substation ______________construction program ______________construction sequences______________build up area ______________Part III. Translate the following Chinese sentences into English. _1. 校园大致分(be divided into)教学区(teaching area)、教工宿舍区(staff area)、服务区(service area)、学生宿舍区(dorm area)、活动区(activity area)和绿化区(plant area)。
土木工程专业英语课后题答案汇编
英译汉Lesson One Sandcrete is a yellow-white building material made from Portland cement and sand in a ratio of circa 1:8.It is the main building material for walls of single-storey buildings (such as houses and schools)in countries such as Ghana and Nigeria. Measured strengths fo commercially available Sandcrete blocks in Nigeria were found to be between 0.5 and 1 N/mm2,which is well below the 3.5 N/mm2that is legally required there. This may be due to the need of the manufacturers to keep the price low,and since the main cost-factor is the Portland cement, they reduce that, which results in a block that starts behaving more like loose sand.翻译：sandcrete是黄白色建筑材料制成的波特兰水泥和沙子的比例大约1:8.it是主要的建筑墙体材料的单层建筑（如房屋和学校）在加纳和尼日利亚等国家。
测量优势的商用sandcrete块在尼日利亚被发现之间的0.5和1牛顿/毫米，这是远远低于3.5牛顿/毫米，是法律所要求的有。
这可能是由于需要的厂家保持价格低，因为主要cost-factor是波特兰水泥，他们减少，从而在一块，开始表现得更像松砂。
土木工程专业英语课后答案
土木工程专业英语课后答案Unite 22、Translate the following phrases into Chinese /English .（1）cross section 截面（2）bending moment 弯矩（3）live load 活载（4）force due to gravity 重力（5）building code 建筑规范（6）functional design 功能设计（7）nonstructural components 非结构构件（8）Nonprofit organization非赢利组织（9）the Uniform Building Code统一建筑规范（10）the Standard Building Code标准建筑规范3、Translate the following sentence into Chinese.（1）The structural design of buildings ,whether of structural steel(结构钢) or reinforced concrete(钢筋混凝土),requires the determination of the overall proportions(整体比例) and dimensions of the supporting framework(支撑结构) and the selection of the cross sections of individual members.建筑的结构设计，不论是用结构钢还是用钢筋混凝土材料，都要决定其整体比例和支撑结构的大小，以及选择单个构件的截面尺寸。
（2）The architect decides how the building should look; the engineer must make sure that it doesn’t fall down.建筑师决定建筑物的外观，结构工程师必须保证它不会倒塌。
2006年英语专业四级考试真题+解析
1 TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2006)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART I DICTATION [15 MIN.]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [15 MIN.]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of each conversation you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.1. How did Mark get there?A. By train and by car.B. By plane and by coach.C. By train and by bus.D. By bus and by plane.2. Mark used to wear all the following EXCEPT _______.A. short hairB. glassesC. moustacheD. beard3. Where is the meeting for new students to be held?A. In the third room on the right.B. In the Common Room.C. In a room at the other end.D. In Room 501.Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of each conversation you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.4. What did Steve originally plan to do?A. To go to a park near the beach.B. To stay at home.C. To see a new film.D. To do some study.5. Maggie finally decided to go to see a film because_______.A. there was no park nearby.B. the weather wasn’t ideal for a walk.C. it would be easier to go to a cinema.D. Steve hadn’t seen the film yet.6. Where did they plan to meet?A. Outside the Town Hall.B. Near the bank.C. In Steve ’s place.D. At the cinema.Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of each conversation you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.7. The following details are true about the new device EXCEPT_______. A. it has color. B. it has a moving image.C. it costs less money.D. it is not on the market.2 8. Why didn’t Bill want one of them?A. He wanted to buy one from Japan.B. He wasn’t sure about its quality.C. He thought it was for business use.D. He thought it was expensive.9. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the woman?A. She had never read the magazine herself.B. She knew who usually read the magazine.C. She was quite interested in the new deviceD. She agreed with Bill at the end of the conversation.10. The conversation is mainly about _______.A. a new type of telephone.B. the cost of telephones.D. some features of the magazine. D. the readership of the magazine.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answerthe questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of each passage, you will begiven 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the passage.11.In the old days dongs were used for the following EXCEPT________.A. hunting other animals.B. driving sheepC. guarding chickens.D. keeping thieves away.12.Which of the following is CORRECT?A. Dogs are now treated as part of a family.B. Dogs still perform all the duties they used to do.C. People now keep dogs for the same reasons as before.D. Only old people are seen walking their dogs.13. The passage is mainly about_______.A. what dogs can doB. how to keep dogsC. dogs and their mastersD. Reasons for keeping dogsQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of each passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.14. According to the passage, the working conditions in the new place _________.A. are the same as the speaker is used toB. are expected to be rather poorC. are just as adequateD. are not yet clear15. What is the speaker going to do in the new place?A. TravelingB. StudyingC. Settling downD. Teaching16. The speaker expects _________.A. fewer choices of foodB. many ways to do washingC. modern lighting facilitiesD. new types of drinking water17. From the passage we can learn that the speaker______.A. is unprepared for the new post.B. is unclear about the conditions there.C. is ready for all the difficulties there.D. is eager to know more about the post.3 Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of each passage, you will begiven 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.18. According to the passage, when are children first expected to study hard?A. Before 6 years of age.B. Between 6 and 10.C. After 10 years of age.D. After 12 years of age.19. Parents who abuse their children tend to have the following problems EXCEPT_______.A. religious problemsB. emotional problemsC. financial problemsD. marriage problems20. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Boys and girl are equally energetic.B. Parents have higher expectations for boys.C. Some parents lack skills to deal with their kids.D. Some parents are ill-educated and ill-tempered.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.21. What has happened to the Cubans?A. They set foot in Florida.B. They were drowned.C. They were flown to the U.S.D. They were sent back to Cuba.22. How did the Cubans try to enter the U.S.?A. In a small boat.B. In an old truck.C. By swimming.D. By driving.Question 23 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.23. How many cities will have air quality monitoring systems installed by the end of this year?A. 42 cities.B. 220 cities.C. 150 cities.D. 262 cities.Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.24. Altogether how many people were reported missing?A. 68B. 90C. 150D. 4025. Which of the following details is INCORRECT?A. The two ferries sank in different days.B. The accidents were caused by storms.C. The two ferries sank on the same river.D. More people were rescued from the first ferry.Questions 26 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.26. What is the news item mainly about?A. Indonesian government policies.B. Australia ’s support to the UN assistance mission.C. Opening of an Australian consulate in East Timor.D. Talks between Australia and Indonesia.Question 27and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. .Now listen to the news.27. The news item is mainly about a joint venture between _____.A. a US company and a UK companyB. a Swiss company and a UK companyC. two Taiwanese companiesD.A mainland company and a US company28. Who will provide the distribution networks in the joint venture?A.Unilever.B. Nestle.C. PepsiCo.D. Coca Cola. Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.29. Who staged the protest on Saturday?A. The soldiers.B. The peace camp.C. The militants.D. The hardliners.30. Which of the following details about the news is INCORRECT?A. 13 soldiers were killed last week.B. 100,000 people participated in the protest.C. The protesters demanded a pullout from Gaza.D. The Prime Minister rejected the pullout plan. PART IV CLOZE [15 MIN.]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most (31)_______ held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder—even if it means (32)_______ the pavement into a busy street! (33)_____ you must pass under a ladder you can (34)_____bad luck by crossing your fingers and (35)_____them crossed until you have seen a dog. (36)_____, you may lick your finger and(37)______ a cross on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the (38)______ has dried. Another common (39)_______ is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house—it will either bring (40)______ to the person who opened it or to the whole (41)_______. Anyone opening an umbrella in fine weather is (42)_____, as it inevitably brings rain! The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month (43)_______ on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid a bad event had better stay (44)_______.The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, (45)_____ it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to (46)_________ in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods. Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are (47)______ witchcraft. It is (48)_____ lucky if a black cat crosses your path—although in America the exact opposite belief prevails. Finally, a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood (49)_______ luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never (50)_______, touch wood?”31. A. broadly B. widely C. quickly D. speedily32. A. running from B. jumping off C. stepping off D. keeping from33. A. If B. As C. Though D. Unless34. A. erase B. remove C. avoid D. ease4535. A. keep B. keeping C. kept D. to keep36. A. Consequently B. However C. Comparatively D. Alternatively37. A. make B. print C. perform D. produce38. A. label B. symbol C. mark D. cut39. A. argument B. superstition C. opinion D. idea40. A. loss B. difficulty C. tragedy D. misfortune41. A. house B. household C. home D. circle42. A. unwise B. unintelligent C. unpopular D. unfortunate43. A. falls B. arrives C. drops D. happens44. A. away B. outdoors C. indoors D. far45. A. when B. as C. if D. though46. A. have originated B. be originating C. be originated D. originate47. A. concerned about B. related with C. associated with D. connected in48. A. especially B. specially C. frequently D. rarely49. A. as B. for C. in D. of50. A. broken up B. broken off C. broken away D. broken down PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]There are twenty-five sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.51. _______dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.A AlthoughB whateverC AsD However52. If only I ______ play the guitar as well as you!A wouldB couldC shouldD might53. The party, _______I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.A by whichB for whichC to whichD at which54. It’s high time we ________ cutting down the rainforests.A stoppedB had to stopC shall stopD stop55. The student said there were a few points in the essay he ________ impossible to comprehend.A has foundB was findingC had foundD would find56. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone________ an opportunity to hear the speech.A ought to haveB must haveC may haveD should have57. I am surprised________ this city is a dull place to live in.A that you should thinkB by what you are thinkingC that you would thinkD with what you were thinking58. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not________ for her work.A enough goodB good enoughC as good enoughD good as enough59. It is imperative that the government ________ more investment into the shipbuilding industry. A attracts B shall attract C attract D has to660. Land belongs to the city; there is ________ thing as private ownership of land.A no such aB not suchC not such aD no such61. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk_______far.A /B suchC thatD as62. The statistics _______ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.A provesB is provingC are provingD prove63. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, _______ the spoilt ones.A not countingB not to countC don’t countD having not counted64. It was _______ we had hopedA more a success thanB a success more thanC as much of a success asD a success as much as65. There used to be a petrol station near the park, _______?A didn’t itB doesn’t thereC usedn’t it?D didn’t there66. It is an offence to show ________ against people of different races.A distinctionB differenceC separationD discrimination67. A great amount of work has gone into _______ the Cathedral to its previous splendor.A refreshingB restoringC renovatingD renewing68. The thieves fled with the local police close on their _________.A backsB necksC toesD heels69. The economic recession has meant that job________ is a rare thing.A securityB safetyC protectionD secureness70. Many people nowadays save money to ________ for their old age.A caterB supplyC provideD equip71. The tone of the article ________ the writer’s mood at the time.A reproducedB reflectedC imaginedD imitated72. This is not the right _______ to ask for my help; I am far too busy even to listenA momentB situationC opportunityD circumstance73. The job of a student accommodation officer_______ a great many visits to landladies.A concernsB offersC asksD involves74. Our family doctor’s clinic ________at the junction of two busy roads.A restsB standsC staysD seats75. She was so fat that she could only just ________ through the door.A assembleB appearC squeezeD gather76. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was ________.A leakingB tricklingC prominentD noticeable77. The reception was attended by _________ members of the local community. A excellent B conspicuous C prominent D noticeable778. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but ______slightly in the afternoon.A regainedB recoveredC restoredD revived79. His_______ brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure.A richB quickC productiveD fertile80. The couple has donated a not_______ amount of money to the foundation.A inconsiderableB inconsiderateC inaccurateD incomparablePART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN.]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT AIn the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.First. Let’s talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”, but “text me around 8 and we’ll see where we all are”.Texting changes people as well. In thei r paper, “insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the “texters”-those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice. They found that the mobile phone’s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaki ng on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people’s privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn’t worry so much. After all, it is good to talk .881. When people plan to meet nowadays, theyA. arrange the meeting place beforehandB. postpone fixing the place till last minuteC. seldom care about when and where to meetD. still love to work out detailed meeting plans.82. According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effect are mostly likely to be seen on ______.A. talkersB. the "speakeasy" C . the “spacemaker” D. texters83. We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters areA. quite revealingB. well writtenC. unacceptable by othersD. shocking to others84. According to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile?A. talkersB. the speakeasyC. the spacemakerD. texters85. An appropriate title for the passage might be_____.A. the SMS effectB. cultural implication of mobile useC. change in the use of the mobileD. body language and the mobile phone!TEXT BOver the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal-or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class-whether a person is “working -class” or “middle -class” are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers’ jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her “housekeeping”, would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was-and still is – inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house of these provide him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws to improve century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about “tomorrow”. Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There9seems to be much less difference than in precious generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups.86. Which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past?A. life style and occupationB. Attitude and incomeC. income and job securityD. job security and hobbies87. The writer seems to suggest that the description of __________is closer to truth?A. middle –class ways of spending moneyB. working-class ways of spending the weekendC. working-class drinking habitsD. middle-class attitudes88. According to the passage, which of the following is not a typical feature of the middle -class?A. desiring for securityB. Making long term plansC. having priorities in lifeD. saving money89. Working -class people's sense of security increased as a result of all the following factor except_________.A. better social securityB. more job opportunitiesC. higher living standardD. better legal protection.90. Which of the following statement is incorrect?A. Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.B. The gap between working -class and middle- class young people is narrowingC. different in income will remain but those in occupation will disappearD. middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class peopleTEXT CFor several days I saw little of Mr. Rochester. In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from the neighborhood called and some times stayed to dine with him. When his foot was well enough, he rode out a great deal.During this time, all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile. His changes of manner did not offend me, because I saw that I had nothing to do with the cause of them.One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his armchair, and looked not quite so severe, and much less gloomy. There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As I was looking at him, he suddenly turned, and asked me, “do you think I’m handsome, Miss Eyre?”The answer somehow slipped from my tongue before I realized it: ‘No, sir.”“Ah, you really are unusual! You are a quiet, serious little person, but you can be almost rude.”“Sir, I’m sorry. I should have said that beauty doesn’t matter, or something like that,”10 “N o, you shouldn’t! I see, you criticize my appe arance, and then you stab me in the back! You have honesty and feeling. There are not many girls like you. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhaps you have awful faults to counterbalance your few good pointsI thought to myself that he might have too. He s eemed to read my mind, and said quickly,” yes, you’re right. I have plenty of faults. I went the wrong way when I was twenty -one, and have never found the right path again. I might have been very different. I might have been as good as you, and perhaps wis er. I am not a bad man, take my word for it, but I have done wrong. It wasn’t my character, but circumstances which were to blame. Why do I tell you all this? Because you’re the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to, because you’re sympathetic and give them hope.”It seemed he had quite a lot to talk to me. He didn’t seem to like to finish the talk quickly, as was the case for the first time.“Don’t be afraid of me, Miss Eyre.” He continued. “You don’t relax or laugh very much; perhaps because of the effect Lowood school has had on you. But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, and speak freely. You’re like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, you’ll fly very high. Good night.”91. At the beginning miss Eyre’s impressions of Mr. Rochester were all except _________A. busyB. sociableC. friendlyD. changeable92. I n "....and all my knowledge him was limited to occasional meetings about the house,…”.the word about means_________A. aroundB. onC. outsideD. concerning93. Why did Mr. Rochester say “..and the you stab me in the back!” the (7thpara.)？A. Because Jane had intended to kill him with a knifeB. Because Jane had intended to be more critical.C. Because Jane had regretted having talked to himD. Because Jane had said something else to correct herself.94. From what Mr. Rochester told miss Eyre, we can conclude that he wanted to________A. tell her all his troublesB. tell her his life experience.C. change her opinion of himD. change his circumstances95. At the end of the passage, Mr. Rochester sounded________A. rudeB. coldC. friendlyD. encouraging.TEXT DThe ideal companion machine-the computer- would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities that make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress toa more relaxed and intimate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would addits own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing11 or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful, well-timed friendship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend.An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of the benefits that could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the user’s life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The computer’s own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.96. Which of the following is not a feature of the ideal companion machine?A. Active in communicationB. Attractive in personality.C. Enjoyable in performanceD. Unpredictable in behavior97. The computer would develop friendships with humans in a (n) _______way.A. quickB. unpredictableC. productiveD. inconspicuous.98. Which of the following aspects is not mentioned when the passage discusses the benefits of artificial relationships?A. Being able to pick up an interesting conversation.B. Being sensitive to earlier contact.C. Being ready to learn about the person's lifeD. Having a pleasant and adaptable personality.99. Throughout the passage, the author is _____in his attitude toward the computerA. favorableB. criticalC. vagueD. hesitant100. Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage?A. Artificial relationships.B. How to form intimate relationshipsC. The affectionate machineD. Humans and computersPART VI WRITING [45 MIN.]SECTION A COMPOSITION [35 MIN.]Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy Recently a Beijing information company did a survey of student life among more than 700 students in Beijing, Guangzhou ,Xi 'an, Chengdu , Shanghai , Wuhan, Nanjing ,and Shenyang . The results have shown that 67 percent of students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest believe that using tomorrow's money today is better, what do you think?Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic :Saving Money or Spending Tomorrow ’s Money You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state what you think is the best way.。
2006年6月大学英语三级(A级)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2006年6月大学英语三级（A级）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. V ocabulary and Structure 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation from English to Chinese 5. WritingPart I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes)Directions：This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections.Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. The dialogues and the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices A , B, C, and D.1．A．Reading a novel.B．Mailing a parcel.C．Writing a book.D．Typing a letter.正确答案：D解析：W: When do you need to have the letter typed?M: The sooner, the better. I’ve got to mail it tomorrow.Q: What are they talking about?信息明示题。
2006年英语试题及答案
2006年英语试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）第一部分：短对话理解（每题1分，共5分）1. A) 去图书馆。
B) 去超市。
C) 去电影院。
D) 去公园。
2. A) 8:00。
B) 8:30。
C) 9:00。
D) 9:30。
3. A) 老师。
B) 学生。
C) 医生。
D) 律师。
4. A) 雨。
B) 雪。
C) 风。
D) 雾。
5. A) 同意。
B) 不同意。
C) 不确定。
D) 未提及。
答案：1-5 CADBA第二部分：长对话理解（每题2分，共10分）6. 问题：What is the man's major?A) Biology. B) Chemistry. C) Physics. D) Mathematics.7. 问题：Why does the woman suggest going to the museum?A) To see the new exhibits. B) To meet her friend. C) To relax. D) To study.8. 问题：What does the woman plan to do after the exam?A) Go on a trip. B) Start a part-time job. C) Visit her parents. D) Take a course.9. 问题：What is the relationship between the speakers?A) Classmates. B) Teacher and student. C) Friends. D) Colleagues.10. 问题：What is the man's opinion about the restaurant?A) The food is delicious but expensive.B) The service is good but the food is not.C) The restaurant is too crowded.D) The restaurant is not worth the price.答案：6-10 BACDA第三部分：短文理解（每题2分，共5分）11. 问题：What is the main topic of the passage?A) The importance of education.B) The benefits of traveling.C) The impact of technology.D) The role of cultural exchange.12. 问题：According to the passage, what is the first step to success?A) Setting a goal. B) Taking action. C) Perseverance. D) Opportunity.13. 问题：What does the author suggest about learning a new language?A) It is easy for everyone.B) It requires practice and patience.C) It is only useful for traveling.D) It is not necessary in the modern world.14. 问题：What is the author's view on the future of technology?A) It will make life easier.B) It will replace human labor.C) It will lead to unemployment.D) It will create more problems than it solves.15. 问题：What is the purpose of the passage?A) To inform. B) To persuade. C) To entertain. D) To describe.答案：11-15 DBBAD二、阅读理解（共30分）A节：阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
土木工程专业英语课后完整答案(1)
Unite 12、Translate the following phrases into Chinese /English .（1）Compression Members 受压构件（2）critical buckling load 临界屈曲荷载（3）the slenderness ratio 细长比（4）stub column 短柱（5）reduced modulus 简化模量（6）Effective length 计算长度（7）Residual stress 残余应力（8）Trial-and-error approach 试算法（9）Radius of gyration 回转半径（10）Tangent modulus 切线模量3、Translate the following sentence into Chinese.(1)This ideal state is never achieved in reality, however, and some eccentricity of the load is inevitable.然而，在现实中,这种理想状态从来没有实现，一些荷载偏心是不可避免的(2)In many instances the members are also called upon to resist bending, and in these cases the member is a beam-column.在许多情况下，构件同样需要能够抵抗弯矩，在这些情况下，构件被称之为梁柱。
(3)If the member is so slender that the stress just before buckling is below the proportional limit---that is, the member is still elastic---the critical buckling load is given by Q.如果该构件很细长以至于在压曲前的应力低于比例极限---也就是说，该构件仍然是弹性状态---该构件的该临界屈曲荷载就可以由公式Q给出。
土木工程专业英语课后答案(一)
土木工程专业英语课后答案（一）土木工程专业英语课后答案Unite 12、Translate the following phrases into Chinese /English（1）Compression Members 受压构件（2）critical buckling load 临界屈曲荷载（3）the slenderness ratio 细长比（4）stub column 短柱（5）reduced modulus 简化模量（6）Effective length 计算长度（7）Residual stress 残余应力（8）Trial-and-error approach 试算法（9）Radius of gyration 回转半径（10）Tangent modulus 切线模量.3、Translate the following sentence into Chinese(1)This ideal state is never achieved in reality, however, and some eccentricity of the load is inevitable.然而，在现实中,这种理想状态从来没有实现过，一些荷载偏心是不可避免的(2)In many instances the members are also called upon to resist bending, and in these cases the member is a beam-column.在许多情况下，构件同样需要能够抵抗弯矩，在这些情况下，构件被称之为梁柱.1(3)If the member is so slender that the stress just before buckling is below the proportional limit---that is, the member is still elastic---the critical buckling load is given by Q.如果该构件很细长以至于在压曲前的应力低于比例极限---也就是说，该构件仍然是弹性状态---该构件的该临界屈曲荷载就可以由公式Q给出。
2006年考研英语真题及参考答案完整版
2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题及参考答案完整版Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A] [B] [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. __1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly __2__. To help homeless people__3__ independence the federal government must support job training programs __4__ the minimum wage and fund more low-cost housing.__5__ everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates __6__ anywhere from 600000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is __8__. One of the federal governmen t’s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.__11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night a good number still spend the bulk of each day __13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others __14__ not addicted or mentally ill simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are __17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. __18__ Edward Blotkowsk director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts __19__ it “There has to be __20__ of programs. What we need is a package deal.”1.[A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore2.[A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain3.[A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward4.[A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep5.[A] generally [B] almost [C] hardly [D] not6.[A] cover [B] change [C] range [D] differ7.[A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that8.[A] inflating [B] expanding [C] increasing [D] extending9.[A] predicts [B] displays [C] proves [D] discovers10.[A] assist [B] track [C] sustain [D] dismiss11.[A] Hence [B] But [C] Even [D] Only12.[A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D] house13.[A] searching [B] strolling [C] crowding [D] wandering14.[A] when [B] once [C] while [D] whereas15.[A] life [B] existence [C] survival [D] maintenance16.[A] around [B] over [C] on [D] up17.[A] complex [B] comprehensive [C] complementary [D] compensating18.[A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus19.[A] puts [B] interprets [C] assumes [D] makes20.[A] supervision [B] manipulation [C] regulation [D] coordinationSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A] [B] [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democ ratizing uniformity of dress and discourse and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite” these were stores “anyone could enter regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media advertising and sports a re other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neit her at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890 9.2 for every 1000. Now consider three indices of assimilation -- language home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the descxxxxription of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2 Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22.According to the author the department stores of the 19th century ________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the author’s opinion the absorption of immigrants into American society is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon as we all know has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come not to see the plays but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare who earns their living was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers the RSC contends who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars the Lear Lounge the Banquo Banqueting Room and so forth and will be very expensive.Anyway the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1431 seats were 94 percent oc cupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason of course is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most at tractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean pointed dedicated faces wearing jeans and sandals eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26.From the first two paragraphs we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3 Paragraph 4) the author implies that________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29.According to the townsfolk the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30.From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large slow-growing animals were easy game and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days too longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore in the early days of longline fishing a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baxxxxseline which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists that of the “shifting baxxxxseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that which is a bad way to do business.31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32.We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. W orm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33.By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1 paragraph 3) Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34.Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baxxxxseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baxxxxseline to the changing situation35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ ________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art like painting and music are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless phony or worst of all b oring as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason in fact may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all what is the one modern form of exxxxxpression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media and with it a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted lived with few protections and died young. In the West before mass communication and literacy the most powerful mass medium was the church which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial and forever happy. Fast-food eaters news anchors text messengers all smiling smiling smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today surrounded by promises of easy happiness we need art to tell us as religion once did Memento mori: remember that you will die that everything ends and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette yet somehow a breath of fresh air.36.By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire the author intends to show that________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37.The word “bummer” (Line 5 paragraph 5) most probably means something ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38.In the author’s opinion advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes ________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40.Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deathsPart BDirections:In the following article some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45 choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville Ind. home of David Williams 52 and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino Williams a state auditor earning $35000 a year lost approximately $175000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him as a good customer a "Fun Card" which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time all night until the boat docked at 5 a.m.then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Menta l Health. Nevertheless Williams’s suit charges that the casino knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44) ________. Pushed by science or what claims to be science society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries 29 have casinos and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995 competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A]Although no such evidence was presented the casino’s marketing department continued to pepp er him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?[C]By the time he had lost $5000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even he would quit. One night he won $5500 but he did not quit.[D]Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E]David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F]It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems often defining as addictions what earlier sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G]The anonymous lonely undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they not America who have become anti-intellectual. First the obxxxxject of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46）I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously articulately and frankly first by asking factual questions then by asking moral questions finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47)）His function is analogous to that of a judge who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist for one. 48）I have excluded him because while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments manufacture evidence or doctor his reports. 49）But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This descxxxxription even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing living in "public and illustrious thoughts” as Emerson would say is something else.Section IIIWritingPart A51.DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上;图2 花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。
专业英语试卷A【考试试卷答案】
《专业英语》课程考试试卷（A）一、短语翻译（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、醇类物质的命名；2. 诱导和反馈抑制3. 分支代谢途径调节4. 酶的固定化5、核苷酸和核酸6、微生物和病毒7、常规分批发酵法酒精生产工艺8、黑曲霉柠檬酸生产的生物化学9、L-谷氨酸的发酵10细菌的基因克隆;二、根据专业词汇的构词法翻译下列专业词汇（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、Dihydroxyacetone;2、Deoxyribonucleic acid；3、Monocarboxylic acid;4、Multilayered;5、Coenzyme；6、Immunoradioautography; 7、polysaccharide; 8、Tricarboxylic acid cycle；9、Macromolecule；10、Biodegradable surfactant;三、阅读理解（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）(一) Regulation of Branched Metabolic PathwayBiosynthetic metabolic pathways often have a common enzyme sequence and then branch leading to more than one end-product. Microorganisms have evolved feedback mechanisms, whereby a build-up of one end-product cause a feedback effect on the first enzyme of the branch leading to that product. In addition, mechanisms exist whereby the end-product of a branched pathway causes partial feedback inhibition of the first enzymes of the common sequence so that the flux of substrate passing through this sequence is proportionately reduced. This effect is achieved by use of isoenzymes, concerted feedback regulation and cumulative feedback regulation. These regulatory effect can be of two types: inhibition of enzyme activity and repression of enzyme synthesis. Where isoenzymes (multiple enzyme forms capable of catalysing the same reaction) are involved, the synthesis or inhibition of each enzyme form may be regulated by a different end-product. With concerted feedback regulation, only one enzyme is involved, but more than one product must be present to inhibit activity or repress enzyme synthesis. With cumulative feedback regulation, each end-product causes partial inhibition or repression and all end-products are required to completely block activity or synthesis.1.In the first sentence, ‘a common enzyme sequence’ means:(1)the reaction sequence catalysed by the enzymes(2)that the enzyme has the same amino acids sequence2.In concerted feedback regulation the enzyme is inhibited and repressed by(1)several kinds of end-products(2)only one kind of end-product3.The isoenzymes means:(1)the enzymes have different functions(2)the enzymes are capable of catalysing the same reaction4.With cumulative feedback regulation, each end-product causes:(1)complete inhibition and repression(2)partial inhibition or repression(二）Immobilization of enzymesEnzymes are often used as nonrecoverable chemical reagents, in which case they are added to the substrate incubated at the required temperature and pH for a period and subsequently destroyed. Amylase, proteases and other inexpensive bulk enzymes are used in this way. Alternatively, enzymes may be attached to an inert support (immobilized). This offers the advantages of (1) recovery and re-use of the enzymes, in batch reactors; or (2) the development of continuously operated enzyme reactions similar to continuous fermentation systems used for microorganisms; (3) the possibility of multi-enzyme systems; and (4) the enzyme does not remain in the processed solution. However, there are some disadvantages, the enzyme may be stabilized by immobilization but it may also lose activity, and the process becomes technically more complex.There are many ways to immobilize enzymes, the common procedures involve (1)absorption to an insoluble support of either organic or inorganic origin. Cellulose, dextran, nylon and bentonite are some of the many carriers that have been used. Attachment may be by physical adsorption, ionic binding or covalent bonding. (2) Entrapment methods in which the enzyme is localized within a polymer matrix are popular and include gel or fiber entrapment and microencapsulation in which the enzyme is enclosed within sperical semipermeable polymer membranes. (3) A simple but effectiveprocedure is to immobilize the enzyme within the host cell by heat treatment or covalent cross-linking following by pelleting the cells.Are the following statements true or false?（1）Amylase, proteases and other inexpensive bulk enzymes are destroyed after the enzyme-catalyzed reaction is completed ( )（2）The advantages of immobilization of the enzymes include the stability of the enzymes and the increase of the enzyme activity ( )（3）By immobilization of the enzymes, it is possible to operate the enzyme reactions continuously ( )（4）In the last paragraph, the word “insoluble support” has the same meaning as the word “carrier”四、英译汉（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）(1) Previously, enzymes were prepared mainly from animal organs and plant seeds. However, these sources of enzyme have their limits both in quantity and quality. Microbes, on the contrary, can be cultured at large scale by simple methods. Also, in this case, selective production of certain enzyme in large quantities is possible by adjusting the conditions of culture. Further, microbes have marked adaptability, and mutant species can be induced artificially. Thanks to these advantageous properties, enzymes which cannot be produced from animals and plants can be obtained from microbes.(2)The establishment of L-glutamic acid fermentation provided a significant impetus to the development of microbial production of primary metabolites. Encouraged by the establishment of the L-glutamic acid fermentation, various research projects have been carried out in the attempt to isolate wild strains or derive genetic mutants producing various kinds of amino acids. As a result, almost all of the amino acids are now commercially produced by fermentation.五、汉译英（共5小题，每小题4分，共20分）1. 化合物是一种可以分解成两种或两种以上元素的物质2. 这些微生物的相关特性是它们是非病原性的(nonpathogenic)，而且易于保存，培养时花费不多。
土木工程专业英语试题
一、选择填空20%1. Between the buildings （ B ）a secondary school.A. standB. standsC. to standD. standing2. Neither I nor he （ B ） fond of music.A. amB. isC. areD. were3.The laws that （ A ）how the buildings maybe made are building codes.A. tellB. ellsC. toldD. telling4.It is expensive （ C ）future cities on the sea.A build B. built C. to build D. builds5.The（ A ）cements are widely used on the construction site.A.above-mentionedB.above-mentioningC.above-mentionD.above-mentions6.The production of steel has been increased （ B）70%.A.inB.byC.atD.on7.Let’s discuss only such questions （ C ）concern everyone of us.A.whichB.thatC.asD.those8.He has to know（ D ）strong the materials are.A. thatB.whatC.whichD. how9.The Great Wall of China is the biggest structure（ A ）man has ever built.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when10. （ B ）you go, you can see many buildings.A.WhoeverB.WhereverC.WheneverD.Whatever11.We are looking forward to （ C） from you soon.A.hearB.heardC.hearingD. hears12.Five yuan （ A ）too cheap for the dictionary.A.isB.areC.wereD.has been13.We should aim at combining beauty and comfort （ C ）a welcoming friendliness.A.toB.inC.withD.for14.We can see an engineer （ A ）a device in the picture.A.adjustingB.adjustsC.adjustedD.adjust15.You are studying at college,（ B ）.A.so do weB.so are weC.we are soD.we do so16. （ C ）of the English films are familiar to me. I’ve never seen them before.A.BothB.NothingC.NoneD.Any17.If the garden is big, some floodlights can be （ A ）A.installedB.producedC.requiredD.fixture18.Dose your shop （B）rebar ?A.developB.supplyC.settleD.make19.It’s our duty to （ A ）the specification .ply withpleteC.knowD.make20.The bigger quantity you order, ( A ).A. the lower price you will be offeredB. the low price you will be offeredC. you will be offered lower priceD. you will be offer low二、词组互译20%1．小区规范 ( zoning codes) 2.钢筋混凝土 (reinforced concrete)3.供热设备 (the heating system)4.人工费 (labor cost)5.工艺 (workmanship)6.铸铁管 (cast iron pipe)7.承包商 (contractor)8.土木工程 (the civil engineering)9.工程量清单 (the bill of quantities) 10.建筑师 (architect) 11.tripod (三脚架) 12.lighting system (照明系统)13.site safety program (工地安全方案) 14.quality assurance (质量保证)15.bank guarantees (银行担保) 16.material cost (材料费) 17.technical staff (技术人员) 18.the layout of the rooms (房屋布局)19.town planning rules (城市规划) 20.office automation system (办公自动系统)三、选词填空10%( minimum \ insurance \ as well \ vary \ serve \ support \ apply \ foundation \ spread \ protect…from )1. Foreign language can ( serveas )a tool.2. We have to ( support ) the roof with pillars.3. Roofs( vary ) in shape from place to place.4. They are trying to achieve the maximum of efficiency with the ( minimum ) of labor.5. He has found a suitable piece of land and an experienced builder ( as well ).6. As he bought the fire( insurance ), he didn’t suffer sev erely from the great fire.7. As indicated the ( foundation )are bases of the building, which play an important part in construction.8. We should ( apply ) theory to practice.9. The disease( is spreadby )flies.We should ( protect )our plants ( from ) the cold.四．翻译句子（30％）1. Materials used for doors and window frames are timber, iron and aluminum alloys. ( 用于门、窗框的材料可以是木材、铁、铝合金。
2006级土木工程专业英语课程考试试卷B
2006级土木工程专业英语课程考试试卷A参考答案
4、许多从事教学的土木工程师参与会导致建筑材料和施工方法技术革新的基础研究。
9、钢筋混凝土---------------------------------reinforced concrete
10、ultrahigh-rise building--------------------超高层建筑
得
分
四、将下述段落翻译汉语（每小题10分，共40分）
1
Systems in concrete. While tall buildings constructed of steelhad an early start, development of tall buildings of reinforced concrete progressedat a fastenough rate to providea competitive challengetostructural steel systems for both office and apartment buildings.
答：该体系由间距很小的柱子构成的外框筒与围绕中心设备区的刚性剪力墙内筒组成。
得
分
三、翻译下述专业词语（英译汉或汉译英）（每小题2分，共20分）
1、结构工程----------------------------------structural engineering
2、geotechnical engineering ---------------岩土工程
2006年专业英语四级考试真题及答案
2006年专业英语四级考试真题及答案PART I DICTATION [15 MIN.]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [15 MIN.]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of each conversation you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.1、How did Mark get there?A. By train and by car.B. By plane and by coach.C. By train and by bus.D. By bus and by plane2. Mark used to wear all the following EXCEPTA. short hairB. glasses.C. mustache.D. beard3. Where is the meeting for new students to be held?A. In the third room on the right.B. In the Common Room.C. In a room at the other end.D. In Room 501.Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation.At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.4. What did Steve originally plan to do?A. To go to a park near the beach.B. To stay at home.C. To see a new film.D. To do some study.5. Maggie finally decided to go to see a film becauseA. there was no park nearby.B. the weather wasn't ideal for a walk.C. it would be easier to go to a cinema.D. Steve hadn't seen the film yet.6. Where did they plan to meet?A. Outside the Town Hall.B. Near the bank.C. In Steve's place.D. At the cinema.Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation.At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.7. The following details are true about the new device EXCEPTA. it has color.B. it has a moving image.C. it costs less money.D. it is not on the market.8. Why didn't Bill want one of them?A. He wanted to buy one from Japan.B. He wasn't sure about its quality.C. He thought it was for business use.D. He thought it was expensive.9. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the woman?A. She had never read the magazine herself.B. She knew who usually read the magazine.C. She was quite interested in the new device.D. She agreed with Bill at the end of conversation.10. The conversation is mainly aboutA. a new type of telephoneB. the cost of telephones.C. some features of the magazine.D. the readership of the magazine.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.11. In the old days dogs were used for the following EXCEPTA. hunting other animals.B. driving sheep.C. guarding chickens.D. keeping thieves away.12. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. Dogs are now treated as part of a family.B. Dogs still perform all the duties they used to do.C. People now keep dogs for the same reasons as before.D. Only old people are seen walking their dogs.13. The passage is mainly aboutA. what dogs can doB. how to keep dogsC. dogs and their mastersD. reasons for keeping dogs.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.14. According to the passage, the working conditions in the new placeA. are the same as the speaker is used to.B. are expected to be rather poor.C. are just as adequate.D. are not yet clear.15. What is the speaker going to do in the new place?A. Travelling.B. Studying.C. Settling down.D. Teaching.16. The speaker expectsA. fewer choices of food.B. many ways to do washing.C. modern lighting facilities.D. new types of drinking water.17. From the passage we can learn that the speakerA. is unprepared for the new post.B. is unclear about the conditions there.C. is ready for all the difficulties there.D. is eager to know more about the post.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.18. According to the passage, when are children first expected to study hard?A. Before 6 years of age.B. Between 6 and 10.C. After 10 years of age.D. After 12 years of age.19. Parents who abuse their children tend to have the following problems EXCEPTA. religious problems.B. emotional problems.C. financial problems.D. marriage problems.20. Which of the following statement is CORRECT?A. Boys and girls are equally energetic.B. Parents have higher expectations for boys.C. Some parents lack skills to deal with their kids.D. Some parents are ill-educated and ill-tempered.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.21. What has happened to the Cubans?A. They set foot in Florida.B. They were drowned.C. They were flown to the U.S.D. They were sent back to Cuba.22. How did the Cubans try to enter the U.S.?A. In a small boat.B. In an old truck.C. By swimming.D. By driving.Questions 23 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.23. How many cities will have air quality monitoring systems installed by the end of this year?A. 42 cities.B. 220 cities.C. 150 cities.D. 262 cities.24. Al together how many people were reported missing?A. 68B. 90.C. 150.D. 40.25. Which of the following details is INCORRECT?A. The tow ferries sank on different days.B. The accidents were caused by storms.C. The two ferries sank on the same river.D. More people were rescued from the first ferry.Questions 26 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.26. What is the news item mainly about?A. Indonesian government policies.B. Australia's support to the UN assistance mission.C. Opening of an Australian consulate in East Timor.D. Talks between Australia and Indonesia.Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.27. The news item is mainly about a joint venture betweenA. a US company and a UK company.B. a Swiss company and a UK company.C. two Taiwanese companies.D. a mainland company and a US company.28. Who will provide the distribution net works in the joint venture?A. Unilever.B. Nestle.C. PepsiCo.D. Coca Cola.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.29. Who staged the protest on Saturday?A. The soldiers.B. The peace camp.C. The militants.D. The hardliners.30. Which of the following details about the news is INCORRECT?A. 13 soldiers were killed last week.B. 100,000 people participated in the protest.C. The protesters demanded a pullout from Gaza.D. The Prime Minister rejected the pullout plan.PART ⅢCLOZEThere are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most （31 ）held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder even if it means （32）the pavement into a busy street! （33）you must pass under a ladder you can （34）bad luck by crossing your fingers and （35）them crossed until you have seen a dog. （36）, you may lick your finger and （37）a cross on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the （38）has dried.Another common （39）is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house-it will either bring （40）to the person who opened it or to the whole （41）. Anyone opening an umbrella in fine weather is （42）, as it inevitably brings rain!The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month （43）on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid a bad event had better stay （44）. the worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, （45）it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to （46）in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are （47）witchcraft……it is （48）lucky if a black cat crosses your path-although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.Finally, a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood （49）luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as "my car has never （50）, touch wood?"31. A broadly B widely C quickly D speedily32. A running from B jumping off C stepping off D keeping from33. A If B As C Though D Unless34. A erase B remove C avoid D ease35. A keep B keeping C kept D to keep36. A Consequently B However C Comparatively D Alternatively37. A make B print C perform D produce38. A label B symbol C mark D cut39. A argument B superstition C opinion D idea40. A loss B difficulty C tragedy D misfortune41. A house B household C home D circle42. A unwise B unintelligent C unpopular D unfortunate43. A falls B arrives C drops D happens44. A away B outdoors C indoors D far45. A when B as C if D though46. A have originated B be originating C be originated D originate47. A concerned about B related with C associated with D connected in48. A especially B specially C frequently D rarely49. A as B for C in D of50. A broken up B broken off C broken away D broken downPART ⅣGRAMMAR and VOCABULARY51. __dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.A AlthoughB whateverC AsD However52. If only I __play the guitar as well as you!A wouldB couldC shouldD might53. The party, __I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.A by whichB for whichC to whichD at which54 It's high time we __ cutting down the rainforests.A stoppedB had to stopC shall stopD stop55 The student said there were a few points in the essay he __ impossible to comprehend.A has foundB was findingC had foundD would find56 Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone__ an opportunity to hearthe speech.A ought to haveB must haveC may haveD should have57 I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in.A that you should thinkB by what you are thinkingC that you would thinkD with what you were thinking58 Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not__ for her work.A enough goodB good enoughC as good enoughD good as enough59 It is imperative that the government __ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.A attractsB shall attractC attractD has to60 Land belongs to the city; there is __ thing as private ownership of land.A no such aB not suchC not such aD no such61 My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk__far.A /B suchC thatD as62 The statistics __ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.A provesB is provingC are provingD prove63 There are only ten apples left in the baskets, __ the spoilt ones.A not countingB not to countC don't countD having not counted64 It was __ we had hopedA more a success thanB a success more thanC as much of a success asD a success as much as65 There used to be a petrol station near the park, __?A didn't itB doesn't thereC usedn't it?D didn't there66 It is an offence to show __ against people of different races.A distinctionB differenceC separationD discrimination67 A great amount of work has gone into __ the Cathedral to its previous splendour.A refreshingB restoringC renovatingD renewing68 The thieves fled with the local police close on their __.A backsB necksC toesD heels69 The economic recession has meant that job__ is a rare thing.A securityB safetyC protectionD secureness70 Many people nowadays save money to __ for their old age.A caterB supplyC provideD equip71 The tone of the article __ the writer's mood at the time.A reproducedB reflectedC imaginedD imitated72 This is not the right __ to ask for my help; I am far too busy even to listen73 The job of a student accommodation officer__ a great many visits to landladies.A concernsB offersC asksD involves74 Our family doctor's clinic __at the junction of two busy roads.A restsB standsC staysD seats75 She was so fat that she could only just __ through the door.A assembleB appearC squeezeD gather76 After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was __.A leakingB tricklingC prominentD noticeable77 The reception was attended by __ members of the local community.A excellentB conspicuousC prominentD noticeable78 Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but __slightly in the afternoon.A regainedB recoveredC restoredD revived79 His brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cureA richB quickC productiveD fertile80 The couple has donated a not__ amount of money to the foundation.A inconsiderableB inconsiderateC inaccurateD incomparableREADINGTEXT AIn the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well. First. Let's talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thingthat has changed our culture forever, is the "meeting" influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer "see you there at 8", but "text me around 8 and we'll see where we all are".Texting changes people as well. In their paper, "insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging", two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the "talkers" and the "texters"-those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice.They found that the mobile phone's individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the "speakeasy": the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the "spacemaker": these people focus on themselves and keep out other people. Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people's privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn't worry so much. After all, it is good to talk81. When people plan to meet nowadays, they ________.A. arrange the meeting place beforehandB. postpone fixing the place till last minuteC. seldom care about when and where to meetD. still love to work out detailed meeting plans.82. According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effect are mostly likely to be seen on ________.A. talkersB. the "speakeasy"c. the "spacemaker"D. texters83. We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are ________.A. quite revealingB. well writtenC. unacceptable by othersD. shocking to others84. According to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile ________.A. talkersB. the speakeasyC. the spacemakerD. texters85. An appropriate title for the passage might be ________.A. The SMS Effect.B. Cultural Implication of Mobile Use.C. Change in the Use of the Mobile.D. Body Language and the Mobile Phone.TEXT BOver the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal – or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class – whether a person is "working-class" or "middle-class" – are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers' jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her "housekeeping", would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was-and still is – inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws to improve century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about "tomorrow". Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in precious generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups.86. Which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past?A. life style and occupationB. Attitude and incomeC. income and job securityD. job security and hobbies87. The writer seems to suggest that the description of – is closer to truth?A. middle –class ways of spending moneyB. working-class ways of spending the weekendC. working-class drinking habitsD. middle-class attitudes88. According to the passage, which of the following is not a typical feature of the middle-class?A. desiring for securityB. Making long term plansC. having priorities in lifeD. saving money89. Working-class people's sense of security increased as a result of all the following factor EXCEPT?A. better social securityB. more job opportunitiesC. higher living standardD. better legal protection.90. Which of the following statement is incorrect?A. Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.B. The gap between working-class and middle-class young people is narrowing.C. Different in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear.D. Middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class people TEXT CFor several days I saw little of Mr. Rochester. In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from the neighbourhood called and some times stayed to dine with him. When his foot was well enough, he rode out a great deal.During this time, all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile. His changes of manner did not offend me, because I saw that I had nothing to do with the cause of them.One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his armchair, and looked not quite so severe, and much less gloomy. There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As I was looking at him, he suddenly turned, and asked me, "do you think I'm handsome, Miss Eyre?"The answer somehow slipped from my tongue before I realized it: 'No, sir." "ah, you really are unusual! You are a quiet, serious little person, but you can be almost rude.""Sir, I'm sorry. I should have said that beauty doesn't matter, or something like that,""no, you shouldn't! I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stab me in the back! You have honesty and feeling. There are not many girls like you. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhaps you have awaful faults to counterbalance your few good points I thought to myself that he might have too. He seemed to read my mind, and said quickly," yes, you're right. I have plenty of faults. I went the wrong way when I was twenty-one, and have never found the right path again. I might have been verydifferent. I might have been as good as you, and perhaps wiser. I am not a bad man, take my word for it, but I have done wrong. It wasn't my character, but circumstances which were to blame. Why do I tell you all this? Because you're the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to, because you're sympathetic and give them hope."It seemed he had quite a lot to talk to me. He didn't seem to like to finish the talk quickly, as was the case for the first time."Don't be afraid of me, Miss Eyre." He continued. "you don't relax or laugh very much, perhaps because of the effect Lowood school has had on you. But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, and speak freely. You're like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, you'll fly very high. Good night."91: at the beginning miss Eyre 's impressions of Mr. Rochester were all exceptA. busyB. sociableC. friendlyD. changeable92. in ".... and all my knowledge him was limited to occasional meetings about the house,…". the word about means ________.A. aroundB. onC. outsideD. concerning.93. Why did Mr. Rochester say "... and the you stab me in the back!" in the 7th para.?A. because Jane had intended to kill him with a knifeB. because Jane had intended to be more critical.C. because Jane had regretted having talked to himD. because Jane had said something else to correct herself.94. From what Mr. Rochest told Miss Eyre, we can conclude that he wanted to ________.A. tell her all his troublesB. tell her his life experience.C. change her opinion of himD. change his circumstances95. At the end of the passage, Mr. Rochester sounded ________.A. rudeB. coldC. friendlyD. encouraging.TEXT DThe ideal companion machine-the computer-would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities that make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhathesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intimate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own. Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful, well-timed friendship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend.An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of the benefits that could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the user's life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The computer's own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.96. Which of the following is not a feature of the ideal companion machine?A. Active in communicationB. Attractive in personality.C. enjoyable in performanceD. unpredictable in behaviour97. The computer would develop friendships with humans in a (n) – way.A. QuickB. unpredictableC. productiveD. inconspicuous.98. Which of the following aspects is not mentioned when the passage discusses the benefits of artificial relationships?A. Being able to pick up an interesting conversation.B. Being sensitive to earlier contact.C. Being ready to learn about the person's lifeD. Having a pleasant and adaptable personality.99. throughout the passage, the author is ________ in his attitude toward the computer ________.A. favourableB. criticalC. vagueD. hesitant100.Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage?A. Articial relationshios.B. How to form intimate relationshipsC. The affectionate machineD. Humans and computersPART Ⅵ WRITINGSECTION A COMPOSITION1、Recently a Beijing information company did a survey of student life among more than 700 students in Beijing, Guangzhou, Xian, Chengdu, Shanghai, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shenyang. The results have shown that 67 percent of students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest believe that using tomorrow's money today is better. What do you think?Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words.You are to write in three parts.In the first par, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your composition.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTEWRITINGWrite on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:1、You have got to know that your classmate, Michael, is organizing a weekend excursion for the class. And you are thinking of joining the trip. Write him a note expressing your interest in the excursion and asking for information on two details related to the excursion.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. 答案：PART Ⅰ DICTATION1、[听力原文]THE INTERNETThe Internet is the most significant progress in the field of communications. Imagine a book that never ends, a library with a million floors, or imagine a research project with thousands of scientists working around the clock forever. This is the magic of the Internet. Yet the Internet has the potential for good and bad. One can find well-organized, information-rich websites. At the same time, one can also find wasteful websites. Most websites are known as different Internet applications. These include online games, chat rooms and so on. These applications have great power too. Sometimes the power can be so great that young people may easily become victims to their attraction. So we need to recognize the seriousness of the problem. We must work together to use its power for better ends.PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A CONVERSATIONSQuestions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.1、C[听力原文]1-3。
2006年6月A级（三级）英语考试真题
2006年6月A级（三级）英语考试真题2006年6月高等学校英语应用能力A级试题Part I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes) Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections.Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should decideon the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D given in your testpaper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with asingle line through the center.1. A. Reading a novel. B. Mailing a parcel.C. Writing a book.D. Typing a letter.2. A. She doesn’t like Kunming. B. She doesn’t have the money.C. She doesn’t want to go with the man.D. She doesn’t travel much.3. A. The woman has bought a few things for the man.B. The woman has bought a lot of things for Mary.C. The woman has bought nothing for Mary.D. The woman has bought a few things for herself.4. A. She’ll send a reply by mail.B. She doesn’t want a reply.C. She prefers the man to reply by phone.D. She doesn’t know the man’s phone number.5. A. Repair the woman’s computer. B. Fix his own computer.C. Have a three-day holiday.D. Visit the woman the next day.Section BDirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are 2 recorded conversations in it. After each conversation, there are some recordedquestions. Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. Whenyou hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choicesmarked A, B, C and D given in your test paper. Then you should mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Conversation 16. A. Upstairs B. DownstairsC. Right behind the woman.D. Across the bus stop.7. A. Every ten minutes. B. Every other hour.C. Every hour.D. Every half hour.Conversation 28. A. Production B. FinanceC. MarketingD. Human Resources.9. A. Taking long business trips. B. Working on weekends.C. Having work experience.D. Living in the company’s dormitory.10. A. Half an hour. B. One hour.C. One hour and a half.D. Two hours.Section CDirections: This section is to test your ability to comprehend short passages. You will hear a recorded passage. After that you will hear five questions. Both the passage and thequestions will be read two times. When you hear a question, you should complete theanswer to it with a word or a short phrase (in not more than 3 words). The questionsand incomplete answers are printed in your test paper. You should write your answeron the Answer Sheet correspondingly. Now listen to the passage.11. About how many adult Americans have the “weight problem”？percent.12. In many people’s opinion, what is the cause of getting fat？Eating .13. Why were the Americans in the 1910 thinner than today？Because they worked physically.14. What was the result of a recent study？Thinner people are more than fatter people.15. According to the passage, what happened to those who exercise regularly？They can eat more, and still lose a large amount of .Part II Structure (15 minutes) Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences.It consists of 2 sections.Section ADirections: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You are required to complete each statement by choosing the appropriate answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe center.16. The accident was my fault, so I had to pay for the damage the other car.A. atB. toC. onD. for17. The representative of the company demanded that part of the agreement revised.A. will beB. isC. to beD. be18. We’ve got two TV sets, but we still can’t watch anything because worksproperly.A. eachB. eitherC. neitherD. every19. that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.A. HeardB. Having heardC. HearD. To hear20. Ever since I arrived here, I in the dormitory because it is cheaper.A. livedB. was livingC. had been livingD. have been living21. Try not to be absent class again for the rest of the term.A. fromB. onC. inD. of22. You can’t get a driver’s license you are at least sixteen years old.A. ifB. unlessC. whenD. though23. What do you think of his suggestion we all attend the meeting.A. whichB. whetherC. thatD. what24. The young man lost his job last month, but it wasn’t long he found a newposition in my company.A. beforeB. whileC. asD. after25. The harder I tried, it seemed to solve that math problem.A. the impossibleB. most impossibleC. the most impossibleD. the more impossibleSection BDirections: There are also 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in the brackets. Write the word or words in thecorresponding space on the Answer Sheet.26. I’ve heard that the musical group will set off for Hong Kong to give a three-day(perform) .27. John not only learnt Chinese but also (know) the difference between his cultureand ours.28. The more challenging the journey is, the (happy ) the young people will feel.29. After the flood, life was (extreme) difficult for the farmers in this area.30. The children (play) the violin over there will go on the stage next week.31. Before the flight takes off, all passengers are asked to (fast) their seat belts.32. The policemen (tell) not to take any action until they received further order.33. I cannot go shopping with you because I have an (appoint) with my dentist thisafternoon.34. The father wants to know why his son (question) by the police last week.35. The boy passed the final exams. But if he had spent more time on them, the results (be)much better.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, marked 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choicesmarked A, B, C and D. You should make the correct choice and mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.When a rare disease ALD threatened to kill the four-year-old boy Lorenzo, his parents refused to give up hope. Doctors explained that there was no cure for ALD, and that he would probably die within three years. But Lorenzo’s parents set out to prove the doctors wrong.The parents devoted themselves to keeping their son alive and searching for a cure. But doctors and the families of other ALD patients often refused to take them seriously. They thought the efforts to find a cure were a waste of time, and drug companies weren’t interested in supporting research into such a rare disease.However, the parents still refused to give up and spent everyavailable hour in medical libraries and talking to anyone who would help. Through trial and error (反复实验)，they finally created a cure from ingredients (调料) commonly found in the kitchen. The cure, named“Lorenzo’s Oil”, saved the boy’s life. Despite the good results, scientists and doctors remained unconvinced. They said there was no real evidence that the oil worked and that the treatment was just a theory. As a result, some families with ALD children were reluctant to try it.Finally, the boy’s father organized an international study to test the oil. After ten years of trials, the answer is: the oil keeps ALD children healthy.36. Doctors said that Lorenzo might die within three years because .A. they had never treated the disease beforeB. Lorenzo was too young to be curedC. no cure had been found for ALDD. ALD was a rare disease37. The families of other ALD patients thought that .A. the research for the new cure would cost too much moneyB. the efforts of Lorenzo’s parents were a waste of timeC. Lorenzo’s parents would succeed in finding a cureD. Lorenzo’s oil was a real cure for ALD38. Scientists and doctors believed that Lorenzo’s Oil .A. was really effectiveB. was a success storyC. only worked in theoryD. would save the boy’s life39. Lorenzo’s father organized an international study to .A. test Lorenzo’s OilB. get financial supportC. find a cure for the diseaseD. introduce the cure worldwide40. From the passage we can conclude that .A. doctors remain doubtful of the effectiveness of the cureB. many ALD patients still refuse to use the oilC. various cures have been found for ALDD. the oil really works as a cure for ALDTask 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 to 45.Do you know how to use a mobile phone (手机) without being rude to the people around you?Talking during a performance irritates (激怒) people. If you are expecting an emergency call, sit near the exit doors and set your phone to vibrate (振动). When your mobile phone vibrates, you can leave quietly and let the others enjoy the performance.Think twice before using mobile phones in elevators, museums, churches or other indoor public places —especially enclose d spaces. Would you want to listen to someone’s conversation in these places? Worse yet, how would you feel if a mobile phone rang suddenly during a funeral! It happens more often that you think. Avoid these embarrassing situations by making sure your mobile phone is switched off.When eating at a restaurant with friends, don’t place your mobile phone on the table. This conveys the message that your phone calls are more important than those around you.Mobile phones have sensitive microphones that allow you to speak at the volume you would on a regular phone. This enables you to speak quietly so that others won’t hear the details ofyour conversations. If you are calling from a noisy area, use your hand to direct your voice intomicrophone.Many people believe that they can’t live without their mobile phone. Owning a mobile phone definitely makes life more convenient, but limit your conversations to urgent ones and save the personal calls until you are at home.41. What should you do when you need to answer a phone call during a performance?A. Call back after the performance.B. Answer it near the exit door.C. Talk outside the exit door.D. Speak it in a low voice.42. Putting your mobile phone on a restaurant table may make your friends think .A. you prefer to talk to your friends at the tableB. you value your calls more than your friendsC. you are enjoying the company of your friendsD. you are polite and considerate of your friends43. When you are calling in a noisy area, you are advised to .A. use a more sensitive microphoneB. shout loudly into your microphoneC. go away quietly to continue the phone callD. use your hand to help speak into the phone44. The author implies that the use of mobile phones in such places as museums shouldbe .A. limitedB. expectedC. discouragedD. recommended45. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. You should limit your mobile phone calls to personal affairs.B. You should speak quietly into your phone while in a church.C. You are supposed to turn off your mobile phone at a funeral.D. You are supposed to use your mobile phone as much as possible.Task 3Directions: The following is an advertisement. After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it (No.46 to No.50). You should write your answers briefly (in not more than 3 words) on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.The meeting is over. You’re tired. Now will you get on a plane and rush back home to more work? Here’s a b etter idea. Take a little time for yourself and relax at Holiday Inn.All our 1,642 hotels worldwide have the best leisure facilities available. And the best locations for relaxation.From the sun-bathed beaches of Thailand’s Phuket to the unique scenery of Tibet. Or on a journey of discovery to Malaysia’s Kuching and Penang, and beyond to the ski-fields (滑雪场). Holiday Inn makes it easy to relax.So does the American Express Card. It’s the foremost business traveler companion. With no pre-set spending limit you can spend as much as you have shown us you can afford. You have the flexibility to quickly change your travel plans plus the spending power to make the most of your last minute holiday.Relax with confidence. Just one of the many benefits of being an American Express CardTask 4Directions: The following is a list of terms frequently used in Internet. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to (与……等同) those given in Chinese in the list below. Then you should put the corresponding letters in brackets on the AnswerSheet, numbered 51 through 55.A—abbreviated dialing code B—off peak hoursC—charging period D—access codeE—identity number F—video conferenceG— operational status H— information subscription service I—network user address J—audio signalK—local user terminal L—file managementM—response signal N— operating instructionsO—charge of the battery unit P— function indicatorQ— entry rejected R—external controlTask 5Directions: The following is a Guide to the Singaporeunderground train system.After reading it, you should give brief answers to the 5 questions (No.56 to No.60) that follow.The answers (in not more than 3 words) should be written after corresponding numberson the Answer Sheet.The Singapore underground train system, known as the MRT, offers a speedy and easy way to get about our city. You’ll need small change to buy an individual ticket. Alternatively, buy a special ticket designed with the tourist in mind. Costing S$6, it offers S$5.50 worth of rides; the extra 50 cents is for keeping the ticket as a souvenir (纪念品). Tourist tickets feature one of three designs: the Chinese Gardens, the Victoria Memorial Hall or a night skyline of Singapore.You gain entry to the trains by inserting your ticket into the barrier machine (检票闸机). Wait for the ticket to reappear and put it away safely: you’ll need it again. After your trip, you insert your ticket into the barrier in order to leave. Please note that each ticket is time coded on entry, and you are advised not to spend more than half an hour in addition to travel time, because tickets can expire (失效).Moving stairs that take you to the platform and train destinations are marked clearly. Trains run frequently. Do remember, eating and drinking are forbidden in MRT stations and trains.56. What purpose does the MRT serve？To provide a(n) way to get about the city.57. Why is there an extra cost of 50 cents for a tourist ticket？For the tourist to keep the ticket as .58. Why should people keep the ticket after boarding the train？Because they will when they leave.59. What will happen if passengers stay in MRT over half an hour in addition to travel time?Their tickets will .60. What is forbidden when people take the underground train?They are not allowed to .Part IV Translation —English into Chinese (25 minutes) Directions:This part, numbered 61 through 65, is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. Each of the sentences numbered 61 to 65 is followed by four choices ofsuggested Chinese translation marked A, B, C and D. Mark the best choice and writethe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Write your translation of the paragraphnumbered 65 in the corresponding space on the Translation / Composition Sheet.61. An engineer is needed by the company to manage the work of installation teams, and toprovide engineering assistance when problems occur.A. 公司需要一位工程师来指挥安装工作，并在出现问题时提供工程指导。
2006年高考英语答案
2006英语高考（全国卷I）参考答案选择题答案（1－75）1－5 B C A A C 6-10 C A A C A 11-15 B B A B B 16-20 C A B B C21-25 D C D A A 26-30 C B D C B 31-35 D B B A A 36-40 C D C B A41-45 B D B C A 46-50 D A B C D 51-55 A B C D A 56-60 B D D B A61-65 B C C D C 66-70A A D D B 71-75 C A C A B第四部分：76．have→had77. ago→before78.that去掉tely→late80.√81.but→and82.glass后加in83.ideas→idea84.me→myself85.We→They书面表达：内容要点1.图书馆位置：前有花园，后有教学楼。
2.内部环境：宽敞，有书架，报刊，书籍等3.图书管的功能：借阅、借阅数量和借期开发时间合适的结尾五、One Possible VersionDear Bob,Thank you for your last letter asking about our library.Our library is the center of the school.There is a beautiful garden in-front of it an our classroom building is right behind it. T he library is big.When you get inside,you will see many shelves full of books on different subjects.There are also lots of newspapers and magazines.We borrow books and do some reading in the library.According to the rule,every student can borrow up to 5 books each time and keep them for 10 days.It is open from 9 am to 7 pm from Monday to Friday and closed on weekends.We all like our library very much.Best wishes,Li Hua2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（全国卷1）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
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答：The form of a building is an outgrowth of its function, its environment, and various socioeconomic factors.
3、建筑学要求有恰当的比例，即令人愉快的虚与实、高与宽、长与宽的关系。
答：混凝土体系：尽管钢结构的高层建筑起步早，但钢筋混凝土结构的高层建筑以非常快的速度发展，这足以向用于办公楼和公寓楼的钢结构体系提出严峻的挑战。
2
Pipeline engineering. In this branch of civil engineering, engineers build pipelines and related facilities which transport liquids, gases, or solidsranging fromcoalslurries（泥浆）(mixed coal and water) and semiliquid wastes,towater, oil, and various types of highly combustible and noncombustible gases. The engineersdetermine①pipelinedesign,②the economic and environmentalimpactof a project on regions it must traverse,③the type ofmaterialsto be used-steel, concrete, plastic,④orcombinationsof various materials-installation techniques,⑤methodsfor testing pipeline strength, and⑥controlsfor maintaining proper pressure and rate of flow of materials being transported. When hazardous materials are being carried, safety is a major consideration as well.
1、They coordinate the activities of virtually everyone engaged in the work.
答：事实上，他们协调工程中每个人的活动。
2、They may also manage private engineering firms ranging in size from a few employees to hundreds.
4、The system consists of an outer framed tube of very closely spaced columns and an interior rigid shear wall tube enclosing the central service area.
答：管线工程：在土木工程的这个分支专业中，工程师们建设管线和有关运送液体，气体，或煤泥浆（煤和水的混合物），半流体废品，水，油，和各种易燃和不易燃的气体的设施。工程师们进行管线设计，并估计管线项目对所跨区域的经济环境影响，确定各种要用的材料－钢材，混凝土，塑料等，确定各种材料组合方法即安装技术，制定测试管线强度的方法，制定保持和控制被运送材料的合理流速和合适的压力。当运输有害物质时，主要还要考虑安全问题。
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Environment may affectboththe shapeandappearance of a building. An urban school may create its own environment by usingblank wallstoseal outthe city completely, and a country school may develop as an integral part of the landscape, even though both schools fulfill the same function.
3、本科毕业生-------------------------------undergraduate students
4、refuse disposal----------------------------垃圾处理
5、水资源工程-------------------------------water resources engineering
答：Many teaching civil engineers engage in basic research that eventually leads to technical innovations in construction materials and methods.
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二、将下述句子翻译成中文（每小题5分，共20分）
答：该体系由间距很小的பைடு நூலகம்子构成的外框筒与围绕中心设备区的刚性剪力墙内筒组成。
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分
三、翻译下述专业词语（英译汉或汉译英）（每小题2分，共20分）
1、结构工程----------------------------------structural engineering
2、geotechnical engineering ---------------岩土工程
答：他们也可以管理规模从几个到数百个雇员的私营工程公司。
3、Bearing-wall construction limited the height of buildings because of the enormous wall thickness required.
答：因为所需墙体的厚度很大，承重墙结构限制了建筑物的高度。
湘潭大学2009年下学期2006级
《土木工程专业英语》课程考试试卷（A卷参考答案）
适用年级专业2006级土木工程专业
考试方式（开卷）考试时间120分钟
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一、将下述四个汉语句子翻译成英语（每小题5分，共20分）
答：建筑学是建筑物的艺术。事实上，建筑学涉及到人类使用的一切空间和环境。在特定建筑物中开展的精细活动－从工厂的装配线到住宅中的客厅，都应该规定其几个区域的尺寸和形状。这些空间也应该按相互间的某种逻辑关系来排列。此外，人类在建筑物中的运动－以建筑术语来说的循环“运动”需要大厅，楼梯，或电梯等设施，这些设施的尺寸受预期的通道所支配。结构设计－建筑师首先要考虑的问题，是将这些不同用途的空间进行功能分区以实现建筑意图。良好的设计方案，显然关系到大厦中几个单元，引导来宾到达结构中的目的地，并潜意识地给人以深刻的印象。相反，一个坏的设计导致不方便，浪费和视觉混乱。
答：Architecture calls for good proportions—a pleasing relationship of voids to solids, of height to width, of length to breadth.
4、许多从事教学的土木工程师参与会导致建筑材料和施工方法技术革新的基础研究。
9、钢筋混凝土---------------------------------reinforced concrete
10、ultrahigh-rise building--------------------超高层建筑
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四、将下述段落翻译汉语（每小题10分，共40分）
1
Systems in concrete. While tall buildings constructed of steelhad an early start, development of tall buildings of reinforced concrete progressedat a fastenough rate to providea competitive challengetostructural steel systems for both office and apartment buildings.
6、framed tube--------------------------------框架筒
7、转包合同-----------------------------------subcontractors
8、as discussed above ------------------------如上所述
1、所有地表以下的土都处于受压状态，说得更精确些，这些土承受与作用在其上的土柱重量相等的压力。
答：All soils beneath the surface are in a state of compaction; that is, they are under a pressure that is equal to the weight of the soil column above it.
答：环境可能影响建筑物的形状和外观。城市的学校可以用间隔围墙将它完全与城市隔开，而乡村学校可以开发一个完整的风景，即使这两种学校都能实现相同的功能，便它们的形状和外观大不相同。
4、Architecture is the art of building. Virtually all architecture is concerned with the enclosure of space for human use. The precise activities to be housed in any specificbuilding—rangingfroman assembly linein a factorytoa living room in a home—should dictate the size and shape of the several areas within. These spaces also must be arranged in some logical relation to each other. Furthermore, the movement of human beings within the building—“circulation” in architecturalparlance（n.谈话，说法，用法）—requires halls, stairs, or elevators whose size is governed by the expected load of traffic. The plan of a structure, always the first consideration of an architect, is the resolution of these different purposes into an organization of spaces that will fulfill the intent of the building. Good planning guides the visitor to his destination in the structure and impresses him, perhapssubconsciously（潜意识地）, byvisibly（显然）relating the several units of theedifice（大厦，大建筑物）.Conversely, a bad plan results in inconvenience, waste, and visual confusion.