第六讲 英语时态

3.be to do表示约定、命令或按计划要做的事。如： We are to meet at the school gate. 我们约好在校门口见。（约定） You are to finish the work by noon. 你必须中午以前完成工作。（命令） 4.一些现在时也可表示计划将要发生的事，但这种 用法只限于某些表示位移的动词。如： The train leaves at nine. When does the school begin? 什么时候开学？ 5. be about to do表示“马上做”或“即将做”的意 思。

5.
He said that he _____ the work very soon. (finish) 6. I haven’t visited him since I __here. (come) 7. Mr. Green ____ just ____ here. (arrive) 8. Look! Some boys ____ football on the ground. (play)
过去 would 将来 work
would be would have would have working worked been working

动词的体 动作方面，从语法角度讲，称为态；从动词的词性 和词义来讲，称为体。 1. 静态动词： 表内心，爱恶情感活动；如 want, know, think, believe, like, hate, love … 表知觉感觉；如see, hear, smell, hurt，ache 表相互关系。如be, have, belong, contain …
I
will have been writing my novel for two years by the end of this year. 对比以下两个句子： I will have been staying in Haikou for 6 months by the end of this month. I have stayed in Haikou for 6 months.
动态动词 1）瞬间动词——表动作瞬间完成者，如 jump, hit, kick, begin, knock… 2）有限动词——表动作历时有限者，如 gather, make, mend, create… 3）无限动词又称持续动词,如 lie, live, work, study, keep, hold ,remain, continue, …
5. At that time he was washing the bathroom. 6. I will doing my homework tomorrow this time. 7. Tomorrow 9 o’clock, I’ll have seen my mother. 8. I have been learning English in college. 9. I hope he will have written his new book in the future.
表客观真理，科学事实及客观存在。 如： Knowledge is power. Light travels faster than sound. Practice makes perfect. Food easily goes bad in hot weather. 3.用于表示“开始”“停止”“来”“去” 含义的动词中，表示已决定或计划要做的事， 或按自然规律会发生的事。如arrive, be, begin, close, come, depart, end, go, leave, open, stop, start等。
用动词的正确形式填空
1.You are from Guangdong. I___ you were from Fujian. (think) 2.They___ here tomorrow. (come) 现在进行时表按计划或已安排好要做的事，只适用 于某些动词，如：go, come, leave, start等。 3.____ the train ______? (arrive) 4. I shall wait until Mr. Wang ___ back next week. (come) 由when, before, until, if as soon as等引导的时间 状语从句用一般现在表将来。
1.
I
will have graduated by the end of July, 2013. She will have finished her third novel …by the end of 2012.
将来完成时
表示将来某一时间或在此之前已经完成的动
作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响或结果。 它常与by引导的时间状语连用。 I shall have finished writing the article by the end of this week. By the time Jame gets home, her aunt will have left for London to attend a meeting.

is about to leave. 他马上要动身。 The vacation is about to start. 假期即将开始。
He
改错题
1.
I am singing in the KTV at 4 o’clock tomorrow. 2. I want to go French. 3. Six years ago, he had graduated from the school. 4. He have finished his homework.
9.
In the last few years, they ____ a lot of work for us. (do) 10.By the time the policemen arrived, we ____ the thief. (catch) 11.The students did it better than I ___.(expect) 12. Dickens___ a lot of books. (write)
一般现在时
1.表经常发生的动作或状态，常与always,
often, usually, sometimes, every day, 等 时间状语连用。如： A storm is often followed by a calm. I usually wake up early. It seldom snows here.

work 一般 现在 work/ works
进行
完成
完成进行 have been working had been working will have been working
is/am/are have/has working worked
过去 worked was/were had working worked 将来 Will work will be working will have worked
第六讲 英语时态
时态是用以表示各种时间和动作方面的动词形式。 不同的语言有不同的时态，有的没有。汉语就是借 助词汇表示各种时间和动作方面。英语时态种类较 多，区别细微，习惯性强。 时态由时（时间）和态（形态、动态）构成。时有 四个：现在、过去、将来和过去将来；态有四种： 一般、进行、完成和完成进行。将四个时和四个态 组合，就是时态的种类，共16种。以work为例，将 这16种时态列表如下：

一般将来时其他用法
1.
be going to do:表打算或准备好要做的事或 有迹象要发生的天气变化等。如： The train is going to arrive. Look at the cloud. It is going to rain. 2.有些动词的现在进行时表示将要发生的动 作。表示按计划或安排即将发生的事，这类 动词有：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, spend, sail等。如： Jane is coming to supper this evening.

答案
I shall/will be singing …(将来进行时) 2. I will go to France next month. （一般 将来时） 3.去掉had 4. 去掉have 5. 正确 6. will 后加be 7. tomorrow 前加by 8. 加上时间for 3 years 9. in the future – in 2013
将来完成进行时
表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某
一时间，还有可能延续下去。常与表示将来 某一时间的状语连用。 I shall have been teaching here for 22 years by the end of this term. I shall have been living here for 15 years by the end of this month.
2.
有些动词具备两种性能，有时各类动词还可
以相互转化，如：sit 是无限动词，但在sit down中，它就变成了有限动词。 尽管如此，具备一点关于动词体的知识对 学习时态有好处。比如我们不能说I have bought this for three weeks. （有限动词） 但可以说I’ve studied English for three years.（无限动词）
2.
When
does the train leave? Tomorrow is Friday. 4.表现在时刻的动作或状态。如： Are you busy now? I don’t understand.
一般将来时
基本用法： 1. 表示将来时间的动作或状况。 Jane will be twenty next year. 2.和表示将来的时间状语连用，引导这种时间状语 从句的词和短语有when, while, before, after, until, as soon as等。表示将来的时间状语从句一般用现 在时态。如： When I am free, I’ll go to see him. 3. 一般将来时也常和表示将来的条件状语从句连用。 如： If you don’t take my advice, you’ll be sorry.
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答案
1.
thought 2. are coming 3. Has, arrived 4. comes 5. would finish 6. came 7. has; arrived 8. are playing 9. have done 10. had caught 11. had expected 12. wrote 13. was reading 14. had lived 15. didn’t know 16. ask 17. studies
13.
I____ a book when he came in. (read) 14. After I___ with him for 3 years, I loved him. (live) 15. I_____ you lived here. (not know) 16. I’ll give you anything that you ____ for. (ask) 17. If he ___ harder, he will catch up with us soon. (study)