非常详细的虚拟语气讲解资料
高中英语之虚拟语气详细讲解
虚拟语气(1)——倒推时态类定义:虚拟语气是一种动词形式,有两种意思 1.表示说话人所说的不是事实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(非真实条件状从和让步状从)2.表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议(名词性从句:主宾表同)使用情景 1.用来表达一个假设或纯粹的意愿(与事实相反或不太可能实现)(如果我是宇航员,我要在月球上跳舞)2.用来缓和语气,使句子更委婉、礼貌、得体(如果你能接受我的邀请,我将不胜感激)3.表示烦恼、不耐烦等情绪(你要是能考上大学,全家都烧高香了)4.表示适度的责备或批评(如果你那时更耐心点,现在我们都成功了)5.表示美好的祝愿或祝福(祝你成功)1.虚拟条件句一般虚拟条件句混合虚拟语气(错综时间条件句)定义:条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致例子:If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果那时你听了我的建议,现在已经好了If it hadn’t been for you, I would have to make another trip there tomorrow.如果不是你的话,我明天还要再走一趟。
If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你以前努力学习的话,你现在就是大学生了。
省略+倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,并将were,should,had提前于句首,变为倒装句。
如果虚拟条件句是否定句,not 保留在原处If he should agree to go there, we should send him there.= Should he agree to go there,we should send him there.If she were there,she would agree with us.= Were she were, she would agree with us.If he had learnt about computers,we would have hired him.= Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him.含蓄虚拟条件句定义:有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件状语从句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句分类:1) but for....=(If it+be not for) ;without;Without your help ,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= If it hadn’t been for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.没有你的帮助,我们不可能完成任务。
英语虚拟语气最全讲解
B. 某些动词后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,这类动词常用 的有demand, suggest, order, insist, propose, request, command, desire, require, ask, move等。 其谓语动词形式是(should) +动词原形,如:
I requested that you (should) not eat the meat. She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. He suggested that the doctor (should)be sent for. 这类动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,并不考虑是否与 事实相符或相反,或愿望有无实现可能。而只是用 (should)+动词原形这种形式。
6 含蓄虚拟条件句 有时虚拟语气不用条件从句,而是通过上下文或用介词短语 等表示出来,这种虚拟语气叫含蓄 虚拟条件句,如 The gifts to him would have filled a railroad freight car .(货车) I couldn’t have lived through Christmas without giving you a present. Bur for the leadership of the party, we would not live a happy life today. Man would die without air and water.
上述suggest,insist等动词后的宾语从句有时根据意义可不 用虚拟语气,如: The boy’s looks suggested that he was happy to have given his life for his country.(suggest 表示、 表明、暗示之意) He insisted that liming was right.他坚持认为黎明是 正确的。
虚拟语气用法归纳
虚拟语气用法归纳虚拟语气是指因为某种假设情况而产生的语法现象,用于表示说话人对某种假设情况的态度或假设事件的不确定性。
在汉语中,虚拟语气的用法较为复杂,涉及到多种语法结构和情境。
下面,我将为您归纳虚拟语气的相关内容,并尽可能详细地介绍其用法和注意事项。
一、虚拟语气的基本概念1. 虚拟语气的定义虚拟语气是一种语法现象,用于表示某种虚构、假设或未实现的情况。
在语法上,通过特定的结构和语气词来表达说话人对虚假情况或未发生事件的态度。
2. 虚拟语气的特点虚拟语气通常用于表达非真实的情况,包括假设、愿望、建议、要求等。
其使用涉及到动词、连词、名词、形容词等多个方面,需要根据不同的情景和语境来灵活运用。
二、虚拟语气的主要类型1. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句表示与事实相反或与现实不符的假设情况,主要包括三种形式:与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句、与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。
在语法上,这些虚拟条件句通常使用“要是、如果、假如”等引导词,搭配相应的虚拟语气结构来表示假设情况。
2. 虚拟假设句虚拟假设句用于表示对假设情况的假定或假设,主要包括对现在的假设、对过去的假设、对将来的假设。
在汉语中,虚拟假设句的构成主要通过虚拟语气形式的使用来表达。
3. 虚拟愿望句虚拟愿望句用于表示说话人对未实现愿望或期望的表达,通常通过特定的动词或情态动词搭配虚拟语气来构成。
“但愿我不会迟到”、“要是他健康就好了”。
4. 虚拟命令句虚拟命令句用于表示对未能实现的命令、要求或建议,通常使用“要是、如果”等引导词搭配虚拟语气形式。
三、虚拟语气的使用注意事项1. 上下文语境在使用虚拟语气时,需要根据具体语境来判断是否使用虚拟语气。
通常要根据句子的主语、动作、时间和条件来灵活运用虚拟语气结构。
2. 语气词的运用在汉语中,虚拟语气通常通过特定的语气词来表示,如“要是、如果、假如”等。
在写作和口语表达中,需要注意正确使用这些语气词来构建虚拟语气句子。
虚拟语气讲解!(很详细)
We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻过什么错误,我们必须尊敬他。
(3) 在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动词原形,主句结构不限。如:
一、 条件句中的虚拟语气
1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式
从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
时间 ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
从句谓语形式
主句谓语形式
将来
动词过去式(be用were)
① should + 原形动词(指现在或将来)。如:
He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气,你竟然对他直呼其名。
I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊讶他竟答不出如此简单的问题。
If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话,我要尽力抓住这次机会。
(2) 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,须区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如:
(3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可省略,而将were, should, had等词置于句首。如:
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。
虚拟语气的全面讲解
当条件状语 从句行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时, 动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。
If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. If they had left home in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour. If I were you ,I wouldn‘t have missed the film last night. If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now.
III. 在不同时间下,虚拟语气的三种形式,公式。 I.与现在事实相反 Were might If+主语+ 过去式动词 would 过去式助动词 , 主语+ could + V Should II.与过去事实相反 might would + have + 过去分词 If +主语+had +过去分词, 主语 + could Should
练习
1) If you ___ the doctor’s advice, you would have recognized already. A. followed B would follow C follow D had followed 2) If my lawyer ____ here last Saturday, he ___ me from going. A had been , would have prevented B had been, would prevent C were, would prevent D were, would have prevented 3) I ___ if she ____ me. A would have overslept,didn't call B would have overslept, hadn’t called C overslept, hadn't called D would overslept, didn't call 4) ---- If he ___, he___that food. ----Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A was warned, would not take B had been warned, would not have taken C would be warned, had not taken D would have been warned, had not taken 5) She _____ to the party if she _____ invited. A would have gone, had been B would go , was C would have gone, was D has gone
最经典最清晰虚拟语气讲解
虚拟语气定义:虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,不是事实或与事实相反。
陈述语气祈使语气动词的语气非真实条件句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气特殊句型中的虚拟语气虚拟语气需特别注意的情况用法:一.IF引导的虚拟句式注意;混合虚拟(1)不同时间的虚拟:If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.(2) 虚拟与陈述的混合:He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough. You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago.二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气:从句谓语动词(should) +do1.主语从句:it is + adj + that结构2.宾语从句:主语+要求接虚拟语气的动词+that一个坚持:insist两个命令:order; command 两个决定:decide; determine三个建议:suggest; advise; propose四个要求:demand; ask; request; require注意:① suggest:暗示;insist:坚持说(不虚拟)② except, believe, think suspect等动词的否定形式或疑问句后面的宾语从句要用虚拟。
I never thought that he should be such a brave young solider③ should竟然I am glad that your novel should have won the first prize.④ wish引导从句的虚拟语气,谓语动词变化和if从句虚拟语气一样。
英语虚拟语气讲解
虚拟语气虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气虚拟条件句的三种基本类型:1.与现在事实相反。
若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”:If you took a taxi,you’d get there quicker.如果你坐出租车去,你可以快一点到那里。
(但你不坐)If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。
(可惜我不知道)2.与过去事实相反。
若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”:If I’d left sooner,I’d have been on time.要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。
(但我动身太迟了)If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他。
(可惜我们找到他太晚了)3.与将来事实相反。
若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”:If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去)If I asked him,I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。
(不过我不打算这样做)大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
(完整版)虚拟语气详解
(完整版)虚拟语⽓详解虚拟语⽓详解虚拟语⽓表⽰说话⼈的主观愿望(往往与客观事实相反),或是表⽰假象和猜测。
虚拟语⽓⽆论从形式上还是时态上都⽐较复杂,需要归类记忆。
虚拟语⽓⼤体分为三类:(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下⾯会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律,考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型,剩下的皆是套路~(1)be型虚拟(基本是套路)形式:should + 动词原形,should可以省略⽤法:1)表⽰“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句⽤be型虚拟,常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等最常见的形式是这类动词后⾯接着⼀个宾语从句,则宾语从句的谓语部分要⽤(should)+ 动词原形来虚拟例: We demand that the meeting(should)be postponed.The manager suggested that we (should) work together.注意:有时候你所见到不⼀定是上述动词引导的宾语从句,⽽是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语,如:it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句例如:It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句)We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句)只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体,不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变,都⽤be型虚拟!特例:suggest和insist这两个⽐较特殊,当suggest作“暗⽰、表明、说明”讲,insist作“坚持说”讲,后⾯⼀般跟的是客观事实,不需要虚拟~这是⼀个⽐较重要的考点,体会下⾯两组句⼦:We all suggest that a lab (should) be built. 我们都建议建⼀个实验室。
虚拟语气超详细讲解
虚拟语气超详细讲解虚拟语气类型一、(should)+do1、<无论词性,无论其从句,一律用should+do, should可省略>建议advise, suggest, propose,recommendn命令order, command请求ask, demand, require, request坚持insist 敦促urge 希望desire 指示direct**suggest表“暗示”insist表“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气The man insisted that he had never stolen the moneyThe smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.I suggested that he __________(stay)where he is.It is suggeated that he __________where he is.My suggestion is that he _________where he is.My suggestion that he ________where he is has been accepted.2、It is/was + 紧急,重要,奇怪/建议,要求,命令(带感情色彩)+that从句①important,natural,strange ,necessary,surprised, crucial, essential,②requested/suggested/desired/pro posed/ recommended/orderedIt is ordered/important that we (should) stay where we are.类型二Were 型虚拟语气基本原则:对现在虚拟:过去时did/were对过去虚拟:过去完成时had done对将来虚拟:过去时did/were to do或者would, might, could +动词原形1. if 条件句中的虚拟时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式将来动词过去式(be用were)should + 动词原形were to + 动词原形would / should / might / could + 动词原形现在动词过去式(be 用were) would / should / might / could + 动词原形过去had +动词过去分词would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词1.1 与现在事实不一致,其句型为:If +主语+did ,主语+should (could, would, 或might )+do .If I were you, I would study hard. (可倒装)If it rained, I would not be here now.1.2 与过去事实不一致,句型为:If +主语+had +done ,主语+should (could, would, 或might )+have +done. If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved. (可倒装)1.3 将来事实不一致,句型为:If should were to 主语++do ,主语+should (could ,would, 或might )+do. If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.(可倒装)If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.(可倒装) If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.(混合虚拟)难点:①在条件句中如果出现were, had, should 可省去if ,将主语与这些词倒装 Had the doctor come last night , the boy would havesaved.Were I to go to the moon one day , I would see it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow , we would stay at home.②当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”,常常表现为if+过去虚拟+主句现在虚拟If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.2. wish 后面的宾语从句中与现在愿望不一致: 主语+did ; I wish I were you.与过去愿望不一致: 主语+had +done ;I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.与未来愿望不一致: 主语+would (could )+do 。
非常详细的虚拟语气讲解资料
Topic 1 Friends朋友Topic 2 Neighbor邻居Topic 3 Teacher老师Topic 4 Successful Person成功人士Topic 5 Famous Person名人Topic 6 Teenager青少年Place(地点篇)Topic 7 House房屋Topic 8 Park公园Topic 9 Building建筑Topic 10 Cinema电影院Topic 11 Museum博物馆Topic 12 School学校Object(物品篇)Topic 13 Computer电脑Topic 14 Photo照片Topic 15 Magazine杂志Topic 16 Animal动物Topic 17 Game游戏Topic 18 Transportation交通Event(事件篇)Topic 19 Party聚会Topic 20 Wedding结婚Topic 21 Sports Event体育赛事Topic 22 Exciting Trip令人兴奋的旅行Topic 23 Entertainment娱乐Topic 24 Leisure Time休闲时间虚拟语气第一部分:语气的定义和种类1 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类⑴、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如:①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗?③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊!⑵、祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如:①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
虚拟语气的种类及用法详解
虚拟语气的种类及用法详解虚拟语气是英语中一种特殊的语法现象,用来表达与事实相反、与现实相悖或假设情况下的语气。
虚拟语气分为几种不同的形式,每种形式都有其特定的用法和意义。
本文将详细介绍虚拟语气的种类以及相应的用法。
一、虚拟语气的种类1. 条件虚拟语气(the conditional subjunctive)条件虚拟语气用来表达假设情况下的语气,指不太可能或不可能发生的情况。
具体形式上,条件虚拟语气由"if"引导的句子中使用"were"代替"was",虚拟语气的主要动词常为动词不定式。
例句:If I were a bird, I would fly to the highest mountain.(如果我是只鸟,我就飞到最高的山上。
)2. 建议虚拟语气(the subjunctive of suggestion)建议虚拟语气用于表达对他人的建议、命令或要求。
通常以动词原形出现。
需要注意的是,在现代英语中,建议虚拟语气的使用已经相对较少。
例句:I suggest that he eat more fruits and vegetables.(我建议他多吃水果和蔬菜。
)3. 祝愿虚拟语气(the subjunctive of wish)祝愿虚拟语气用来表达对与现实相反的愿望或希望。
主要由"as if"或"as though"引导的从句中使用虚拟语气形式的动词。
例句:I wish I were taller.(但事实上我并不高。
)4. 值得虚拟语气(the subjunctive of value)值得虚拟语气用于表达对某事的怀疑、否认、批评等感觉或观点。
常以"should"引导的从句中使用虚拟语气形式的动词。
例句:It is strange that she should arrive so late.(她竟然这么晚才到,真是奇怪。
虚拟语气最全精讲
killed. (如果不是我警告你, 你早已经被杀了)
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虚拟语气用于从句
1)在主语+ suggest , demand, insist, order,propose ( 建议), request, require, advise等+ 宾语从句,表示建议 、要求、命令等意义的动词时,宾语从句中应使用虚拟 语气(用 should + 动词原形,should 常常省略)。
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2、主从句都与过去相反
① If he had known your address yesterday, he might have telephoned you. 如果他昨天知道你的地址,他就会给你打电话。 (事实:他不知道) ② If he had taken my advice, he would not have
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虚拟语气的特殊情况用法
注:2)如果虚拟语气条件句中不使用if,则需要将 条件句中的主谓倒装,为虚拟语气的倒装。
其表现形式为:把if 去掉,将were, had, should 提到从句的句首。
Were I as strong as you, I would run as fast as you. (=If I were as strong as you …) 如果我像你一样壮,我会跑的得跟你一样快。
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虚拟语气的特殊情况用法
IF I were you, I wouldn’t feel sorry. Were I you, I wouldn’t feel sorry. 若条件从句中的谓语动词为否定式,只能将否定词
虚拟语气讲解(整理)
(3)虚拟语气在 在主语从句中
A.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词 用: should + 动词原形
1. 我们有必要出去散散步。 It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.
We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
7. It is of the utmost importance that you ______ here on time. a. be b. shall be c. are to be d. must be
三、虚拟语气在其他从句中
1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓 语动词用过去式或should+动词原形,should 不能省略. It is high time that you went / should go to school.
I would rather you told me the truth. I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.
4. as if ( as though) 看起来 常用虚拟形式,即 表示与现在事实相反,用过去式;与过去事实相反 用过去完成式 (had done).
虚拟语气知识点讲解
虚拟语气一、虚拟语气的含义英语中有下列三种语气:陈述语气:用来陈述事实。
用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句。
祈使语气:提出请求、劝告、指示、命令等。
仅用于祈使句。
虚拟语气:常表示说话人所说的不是事实,或事情发生的可能性很小,或不可能发生,是说话人的一种主观愿望、假设、建议、或推测等。
一般常用于正式的书面语中。
二、虚拟语气在if 引导的非真实条件中的用法:主要用法列表如下:如:If I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad. (现在)If I had time, I would attend the meeting. (现在)If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. (将来)II. 易错点分析1、倒装条件句如果条件句中有were, had, 或should 等现成助动词,可把他们提到主语之前,省去if。
Had I had time, I would have helped you.Should it clear up tomorrow, we would go for on outing.Were I you, I would accept the invitation.注意:若省略if的条件句中的谓语是否定形式时,不能用动词的缩略式.如不能说:Weren’t it for the expense, I would go abroad now. 应该说:Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.2、错综时间条件句(混合时间句):主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间,这时要根据各自的时间来调整。
英语的虚拟语气知识点讲解
英语的虚拟语气知识点讲解一、虚拟语气的概念。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,表示所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、推测或与事实相反的情况等。
二、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法。
1. 与现在事实相反。
- 条件从句的谓语动词用一般过去式(be动词一般用were),主句的谓语动词用“should/would/could/might + 动词原形”。
- 例如:If I were you, I would take an umbrella.(实际上我不是你)2. 与过去事实相反。
- 条件从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”,主句的谓语动词用“should/would/could/might+have +过去分词”。
- 例如:If he had taken my advice, he would have passed the exam.(实际上他没听我的建议,也没通过考试)3. 与将来事实相反。
- 条件从句的谓语动词有三种形式:一般过去式、“should+动词原形”、“were to+动词原形”,主句的谓语动词用“should/would/could/might +动词原形”。
- 例如:If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, we would not go out.三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。
1. wish后的宾语从句。
- 表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用一般过去式(be动词用were)。
例如:I wish I were a bird.(实际上我不是鸟)- 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。
例如:Iwish I had seen the film yesterday.(实际上昨天没看这部电影)- 表示与将来事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
例如:I wish I could fly to the moon tomorrow.2. 在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的动词后的宾语从句中(如suggest, advise, demand, require, order等)- 从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
高考英语语法——虚拟语气
虚拟语气一、定义:虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反,或不可能发生的情况。
1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1)表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生:一般过去时(虚拟语气中be→were)Eg. If he had time, he would (could, might) go with youEg.If I were you, I would work hard.2)表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生Eg.If I had time last night, I should have come to see you.Eg.If they had helped us, we would have finished the task. (实际上没帮)3)表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生Eg.If it should rain, the crops would be saved.Eg.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.4)※注意:虚拟语气的倒装语序:如果if从句里含有should, had, were或其他助动词,则可将从属连词if省去,将助动词.情态动词.be或have放在句首形成部分倒装.Eg.If I had time, I would have done that yesterday.=Had I had time, I would have done that yesterday.Eg.If I were you, I would go to the party.=Were I you, I would go to the party.Eg.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home=Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。
高中语法专题解析虚拟语气
高中语法专题解析虚拟语气虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)是英语中一种特殊的语气,用于表示假设、愿望、建议、要求、命令等虚拟的情况或假设。
在高中语法学习中,掌握虚拟语气的用法是十分重要的。
本文将针对高中语法专题解析虚拟语气进行详细讲解。
一、条件虚拟语气条件虚拟语气用于表示与现实相反的假设情况,包括对现在和将来的假设。
其主要形式为:if + 条件从句 (Past Simple), 主句(would/could/might + 动词原形),例如:1. If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky freely.(如果我是一只鸟,我就可以在天空中自由飞翔。
)2. If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们会呆在家里。
)需要注意的是,条件从句中的动词通常使用过去式形式,而主句中的动词则使用情态动词 would/could/might + 动词原形的形式。
二、虚拟语气用于表达愿望、建议、要求1. 表达愿望虚拟语气可以用于表达对现在或将来情况的愿望,常见的句型有:- I wish/If only + 主语 + 过去式:用于表达对现在情况的不满或遗憾的愿望,例如:"I wish I were taller."(我希望我个子高一些。
)- I wish/If only + 主语 + would/could/过去式:用于表达对现在情况的希望或期望,例如:"I wish you would come to my party."(我希望你能来参加我的派对。
)2. 表达建议虚拟语气可以用于表达对过去情况的建议,常见的句型有:- It's time/It's high time + 主语 + 过去式:用于表示现在情况应该采取的行动,例如:"It's time you finished your homework."(你该完成作业了。
虚拟语气详细讲解
虚拟语气虚拟语气是表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望、假想和建议。
一.虚拟条件句主要有下面两类。
1)表示现在及将来情况的虚拟条件句(表示怵然假设或实现的可能性不大的情况):谓语主要形式如下:在从句中,不管第几人称动词be多用were这个形式。
(1)If you hurried, you would catch the bus.你要是赶紧是可以搭上车的。
(2)Y ou might be late if you went on foot.假如你步行你可能会迟到。
(3)If it were not raining, wo wouldn’t stay indoors.要是现在天不下雨,我们就不会呆在屋里了。
(4)If I knew French, I would read the book in the original.如果我懂法语我就要看这本书的原文了。
(5)What would you do suppose he were here?要是他在这里你怎么办?(6)How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer!你要是能多停留些时候该多好!2)表示过去情况的虚拟条件句:谓语主要形式如下这类句子表示的是与事实相反的情况。
例如:(1)If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。
(2)If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a terrible mistake.我要是不听你的劝告就犯大错了。
(3)She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy.要不是忙她就来了(4)If it hadn’t been for him,we would have lost the game.要不是他,我们这场比赛就输了。
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虚拟语气第一部分:语气的定义和种类1 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类⑴、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如:①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗?③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊!⑵、祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如:①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
⑶、虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如:①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功!虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。
让我们就从最简单的开始吧。
第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。
如:⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运!⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐!⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就!⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。
2、用动词原形。
例如:(1).Long live the people! 人民万岁!(2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!”(3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快!三、表示强烈愿望。
(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”)(1).God save me.(2).Heaven help us.四、表命令1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。
2.句子尾通常加上感叹号:!3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present),如:work, be , go4.否定形式的命令语气,可用助动词do,加上not。
(1). Work !(2). Work harder !(3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be)(4). You go out !(5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)(6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not)五、在一些习惯表达中。
如:(1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。
(2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。
第三部分:名词性从句中的虚拟语气第一节:宾语从句(Subordinate Clause)中的虚拟语气一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that。
一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反):从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。
其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was),实义动词用过去式。
例:1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。
(事实上是不知道)2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。
(事实上不可能)3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。
(事实上不可能)4. When she was at the party, she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)现在他在中国,他希望能懂得中文。
(事实上并不懂)6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反):用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would, could, might+现在完成时。
例:1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。
(事实上已浪费了)2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。
(其实已失去)3. We wished he had spoken to us.(wished,had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)4. I wish you had called earlier.(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.(will wish ,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)例题分析:I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. sleptC. might have sleptD. have slept动词wish后面接从句,表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用过去式(表示现在发生的动作)或过去完成式(表示过去发生的动作)。
本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时hadto get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。
所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望):从句动词"would/should/could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后)(请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同)。
用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。
例:1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)我希望雨能停止。
(事实上雨还在下着呢)2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)我希望你安静一些。
(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)你希望她第二天会到。
(事实上她还没到)4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)我希望她会改变主意。
(呵呵,女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)(只是希望我们和他在一起,实际上还没在一起)四)、注意:1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。
例如:I wished I hadn't spent so much money.我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。
2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求I wish he would answer my letter.I wish prices would come down.I wish you would help me.I wish you would stop asking silly questions.二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有:表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote表示“决定、命令”的:decide, order表示“主张”的:maintain, urge表示“同意、坚持”的:consent, insist例如:1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”。