山东理工大学 电拖、电机学计算分析题
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n′ = 0.915 × 1500 = 1372.2 r / min
′ =U′ Ea N − I N Ra = 220 − 100 × 0.1 = 210 V ′ = Ea ′ I N = 210 × 100 = 21 KW PM ′ = 9550 TM ′ PM 21 = 9550 × = 146.2 N ⋅ m n′ 1372.2
rK 2.074 = = 0.009 Z 1N 218.93
* xK =
2 2 xK = Z K − rK = 16.326 2 − 2.074 2 = 16.194
xK 16.194 = = 0.074 Z 1N 218.93
* (2) ∆U * = β ⋅ (rK cos ϕ 2 + x * K sin ϕ 2 ) = 0
PN 7.2 × 10 3 解: I N = = = 77 A η N U N 0.85 × 110 C eφ N =
I aN = I N − I fN = 75 A
U N − I aN Ra 110 − 75 × 0.08 = = 0.116 nN 900
CT φ N = 9.55C eφ N
∵n =
(3) β max =
P0 6800 = = 0.615 PKN 18000
2、某三相变压器的技术数据为: S N = 5600 KVA , U 1 N / U 2 N = 6000 / 400 V , Y , d11 接法,在原边做短 路试验,当短路电流为额定值时,测得 U K = 280 V , p K = 56 KW ,空载试验测得 p 0 = 18 KW 。试 求:①短路电阻、短路电抗和短路阻抗的标么值。②额定负载且 cos ϕ 2 = 0.8 (滞后)时的电压调整 率和效率。
x* K = 0.0549
(2)
* ∆U * = β ⋅ (rK cos ϕ 2 + x * K sin ϕ 2 )
= 1 × (0.0032 × 0.8 − 0.0549 × 0.6) = −0.03 = −3%
P0 + β 2 PKN η = (1 − ) × 100% β ⋅ S N cos ϕ 2 + P0 + β 2 PKN 6800 + 18000 = (1 − ) × 100% = 99.45% 5600 × 10 3 × 0.8 + 6800 + 18000
3、一台并励直流电动机的额定数据如下: PN = 7.2 KW , U N = 110 V , I fN = 2 A ,
n N = 900 r / min , η N = 0.85 , Ra = 0.08 Ω , 如果电机带额定负载转矩不变, 要使电动机转速降到 400
r/min,应在电枢回路中串入多大的电阻?电动机的额定电磁功率和电磁转矩各等于多少?
2、有一台并励直流发电机,其额定功率为 23KW,额定电压为 230V,额定转速为 1500r/min,电枢 总电阻 0.1Ω,忽略电枢反应的影响,并假定磁路不饱和。现将这台电机改为并励电动机运行,接 于 220V 的直流电源上,运行时维持电枢电流为原额定值不变,求电动机的转速、电磁转矩、电磁 功率。
3、设有两台变压器并联运行,第一台的容量为 1000KVA,第二台的容量为 2000KVA,在不允许任何 一台变压器过载的情况下,试就下列两种情况求变压器组可能供给的最大负载?( 1)当第一台变 压器的短路电压为第二台变压器短路电压的 90%时,即设 u kΙ = 0.9u kΙΙ ; (2)当第二台变压器的短路 电压为第一台变压器短路电压的 90%时,即设 u kΙΙ = 0.9u kΙ 。 解: (1)
PN 23 × 10 3 解: (1)作发电机运行时: I N = = = 100 A UN 230
(2)作电动机运行时: ′ (U ′ U ′ − I N Ra U N n′ N − I N R a ) /(C eφ ) = = N ⋅ ′ n N (U N + I N Ra ) /(C eφ N ) U N + I N Ra U N 220 − 100 × 0.1 230 = × = 0.915 230 + 100 × 0.1 220
* 令 I ΙΙ =1 ,
则 I Ι* = 0.9
故最大输出容量: S = S Ι + S ΙΙ = 0.9 × 1000 + 1 × 2000 = 2900 KVA 4、一台三相变压器 S N = 5600 KVA , U 1 N / U 2 N = 35 / 6.3 KV , Y , d11 连接,在高压侧做短路试验,所 测数据为: U K = 2610 V , I K = 92.3 A , p K = 53 KW 。当电源电压为额定值时,副方满载,测得副边 电压恰好为额定值,求: (1)短路参数的标么值; (2)此时负载的性质及功率因数角的大小(不计 温度影响) 。 SN 5600 I1N = = = 92.3 A 3U 1 N 3 × 35 解: (1) U 1 Nϕ 35 × 10 3 Z 1N = = = 218.93 Ω I 1 Nϕ 3 × 92.3
* * (1)总输出为 3250 KVA 时,每台变压器的负载是 ZK Ι = 0.06 ; S NΙΙ = 2000 KVA , Z KΙΙ = 0.07 。试求:
多少?(2)在两台变压器均不过载的情况下,并联组的最大输出为多少?利用率是多少? 解: (1)每相总负载电流: I P = 3250 × 10 3 = 103.17 A 3 × 10.5 × 10 3 1250 × 10 3 = 39.68 A 3 × 10.5 × 10 3 2000 × 10 3 = 63.49 A 3 × 10.5 × 10 3 即有,
故 S ΙΙ = 0.857 × 2000 = 1714.3 KVA 总输出容量: S = S Ι + S ΙΙ = 1250 + 1714.3 = 2964.3 KVA 利用率:
S 2964.3 = = 91.21% S N 1250 + 2000
直 流 电 机
四、计算题 1、一台他励直流电动机额定数据为: PN = 96 KW , U N = 440 V , I N = 255 A, I f = 5 A ,
S Ι = β 1 S NΙ = S ΙΙ = β 2 S NΙΙ
* (2)当 I 1* = 1 时, I 2 =
43.5 × 1250 = 1370.3 KVA 39.68 59.67 = × 2000 = 1879.7 KVA 63.49
* ZK 0.06 1 ⋅ I 1* = × 1 = 0.857 * 0.07 ZK2
* I Ι* Z k u 1 ΙΙ = = kΙΙ = * * u kΙ 0.9 I ΙΙ Z kΙ
令 I Ι* = 1 ,
* 则 I ΙΙ = 0.9
故最大输出容量: S = S Ι + S ΙΙ = 1 × 1000 + 0.9 × 2000 = 2800 KVA
I Ι* u kΙΙ (2) * = = 0.9 I ΙΙ u kΙ
I1N =
解: (1)
SN
3U 1 N
=
5600 × 10 3 3 × 6000
= 538.86 A
Z 1N = rK =
U 1 Nϕ I 1 Nϕ
=
6来自百度文库00 / 3 = 6.43 Ω 538.86
* rK =
PK 56 × 10 3 = = 0.064 Ω I 12N 3 × 538.86 2
rK = 0.01 Z 1N
= 1 × (0.01 × 0.8 + 0.046 × 0.6) = 0.035 = 3.5%
η = (1 −
P0 + β 2 PK ) × 100% β ⋅ S N cos ϕ 2 + P0 + β 2 PK 18 + 56 = (1 − ) × 100% = 98.4% 5600 × 0.8 + 18 + 56
∴ tgϕ 2 = −
rk* 0.009 =− = −0.1216 * 0.074 xk
ϕ 2 = −6.93°
cos ϕ 2 = 0.993 (容性负载) 5 、 两 台 变 压 器 并 联 运 行 , 均 为 Y , d11 接 法 , U 1N / U 2 N = 35 / 10.5 KV , S NΙ = 1250 KVA ,
ZK =
U K 280 / 3 = = 0.3 Ω I1N 538.86
* ZK =
ZK = 0.047 Z1N x* K = xK = 0.046 Z 1N
2 2 xK = Z K − rK = 0.3 2 − 0.064 2 = 0.293
(2)
* ∆U * = β ⋅ (rK cos ϕ 2 + x * K sin ϕ 2 )
每相副方额定电流: I N 1 =
I N2 =
* * * 并联时: I 1* ⋅ Z K Ι = I 2 ⋅ Z KΙΙ
I ⎧ I P1 * * ⋅ Z KΙ = P 2 ⋅ Z K ⎪ ΙΙ IN2 ⎨ I N1 ⎪I = I + I ⎩ P P1 P2
解方程得: I P1 = 43.5 A
I P 2 = 59.67 A
n N = 1550 r / min ,电枢回路总电阻 Ra = 0.078 Ω 。试求:①额定负载时电枢电势和电磁转矩。②额
定输出转矩和空载转矩。③理想空载转速和实际空载转速。
E aN = U N − I aN Ra = 440 − 255 × 0.078 = 420.11 V 解:① PM = E aN I aN = 420.11 × 255 = 107128 W P 107.128 TM = 9500 M = 9550 × = 660 N ⋅ m nN 1550 PN 96 = 9550 × = 591.5 N ⋅ m nN 1550 ② T0 = TM − TN = 660 − 591.5 = 68.5 N ⋅ m TN = 9550 C eφ N =
U N − ( Ra + RΩ ) I aN C eφ N U N − C eφ N n 110 − 0.116 × 400 = − 0.08 = 0.77 Ω I aN 75
∴ RΩ =
E aN = U N − I aN Ra = 110 − 75 × 0.08 = 104 V PM = E aN I aN = 104 × 75 = 7800 W TM = 9550 PM 7.8 = 9550 × = 82.77 N ⋅ m nN 900
U K 550 / 3 = = 0.982 Ω IK 323.3
2 K 2 K
rK =
PK 18000 / 3 = = 0.057 Ω 2 IK 323.3 2
x K = Z − r = 0.98 Ω
* ZK = 0.055 2 rK = 0.0032
∵ Z1N
U 1N U 12N (10000 / 3 ) 2 = = = = 17.857 Ω I 1N SN 5600 × 10 3 / 3
③ n0 =
E aN 420.11 = = 0.2715 nN 1550
UN 440 = = 1620.8 r / min C eφ N 0.2715 Ra 0.078 ′ = n0 − n0 ⋅ T0 = 1620.8 − × 68.5 = 1613 r / min 2 C e CT φ N 9.55 × (0.2715) 2
I 1NP = I 1N = 92.3 A
ZK =
U KP 2610 = = 16.326 Ω I KP 3 × 92.3
* rK =
* ZK =
Z K 16.326 = = 0.075 Z 1N 218.93
rK =
PKP 53 × 10 3 = = 2.074 Ω 2 I KP 3 × 92.3 2
变压器 四、计算题 1、一台三相变压器 S N = 5600 KVA , U 1 N / U 2 N = 10 / 6.3 KV , Y , d11 连接,在高压侧做短路试验,所 测数据为: U K = 550 V , I K = 323.3 A , p K = 18000 W 。已知额定电压下的空载损耗 p0 = 6800 W , 试 求:①变压器短路参数的标么值(忽略温度影响) 。②满载及 cos ϕ 2 = 0.8 (超前)时副方电压变化 率及效率。③ cos ϕ 2 = 0.8 (超前)产生最大效率时的负载系数。 解: (1) Z K =