初中英语讲义

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初中英语代词讲义

初中英语代词讲义

初中英语代词讲义-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1第一讲、代词从前有一个家族“物主代词”,但因为意见不同,这个家族分裂成两个小家族,一个叫形形,一个叫名名。

他们长相相似但略有不同。

形形家的人胆子小,出门得有保镖跟着(用法:修饰名词),名名家的人胆子大,出门不用保镖(用法:不接名词)。

再细致的看,大部分名名家的人比形形家的头发长又卷(即加了 s),比如:your 和 yours,her 和 hers,our 和 ours,their 和 theirs;同时还有两对双胞胎,his 和 its;只有一个人特别爱美做了整容,my 整成了 mine。

有一天大族长“代词”,召集所有的家族来开会,我们一起来看看,不同代词之间的关系又是怎样的呢?一、人称代词二、物主代词三、指示代词this 这,这个; that 那,那个; these 这些; those 那些。

1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人,例如:This is a pen and that is a pencil.We are busy these days.In those days the workers had a hard time.2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物,例如:I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.What I want to say is this : pronunciation is very important in learning English.3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替,例如:Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.4. this 在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方。

nancy初中英语全套中考自招英语讲义

nancy初中英语全套中考自招英语讲义

nancy初中英语全套中考自招英语讲义Nancy's Junior High School English Full Set of Entrance Examination English Lecture Notes。

Unit 1: Greetings and Introductions。

In this unit, students will learn how to greet others and introduce themselves in English. They will learn common greetings such as "hello" and "good morning," as well as how to ask and respond to questions about someone's name, age, and nationality. Students will also practice introducing themselves to others, using the appropriate language and gestures.Unit 2: Daily Activities。

In this unit, students will learn how to talk about their daily activities in English. They will learn common verbs related to daily activities, such as "eat," "sleep," "study," and "play." Students will also learn how to ask and answer questions about their daily routines, as well as how to express likes and dislikes for different activities.Unit 3: Family and Friends。

Unit1讲义 人教版英语九年级全册

Unit1讲义 人教版英语九年级全册

Unit1 How can we become good learners?1.What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation? What about =How about Why don’t you... Why not... Would you like... Let’s...辨析: aloud,loud与loudlyaloud:(adv)大声地(与call,shout,cry等连用)(adv)出声地(与read等连用)Eg: Please read the text aloud.loud: (adj)大声的(可作定语或表语)Eg: The music is too loud.Please turn it down.(adv)响亮地;高声地(与speak,talk,sing,laugh等连用) Eg:Speak loud,please,or no one will hear you.loudly: (adv)高声地(含有喧闹的意味) (与knock,ring等连用) Eg: Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly.注意: ①前缀a(n)表示加强意义eg: aright正确地awake唤醒announce宣布;通告②a与名词或动词结合构成形容词/副词Eg: a+sleep (n.睡眠)=asleep (adj睡着的)a+side(n.边)=aside(adv在旁边)a+head(n.头)=ahead(adv在前面)a+live(v居住)=alive(adj活的)2.Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English?此句的结构的: find it+adj+to do sth. 发现做某事...(其中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式.句中adj为宾补)类似的结构还有:①make it+adj+to do sth. 使做某事...②think it+adj+to do sth. 认为做某事...其他几种“find+宾语+宾补”结构①find+宾语+adj 发现某人或某物Eg: She found the work very dull.②find+宾语+adv (其中副词通常是: in,out,up,down,upstairs等) Eg: I went to her house,but I found her out.③find+宾语+介词短语Eg: When he woke up,he found himself in hospital.④find+宾语+doing sth.Eg:Did you find a woman standing under the tree?⑤find+宾语+(to)do sth.Eg: I found Mary (to) clean the classroom.3.I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation.辨析: be afraid to do sth.与be afraid of doing sth.be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事. 根据经验或常识不敢去做某事,或没有勇气去做某事.Eg: He was afraid to go out at night.be afraid of doing sth. 表示担心会发生某事或某情况(但实际上未必会发生),或不敢做某事(指缺乏勇气或因害怕其后果而不敢)Eg: She was afraid of waking up her husband,for he was ill.4.Although I could not understand everything the characters said,... although (conj) 即使;纵然;虽然相当于though,两者可通用(用来引导让步状语从句,既可以位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后)辨析: although与though①用作连词,表示“虽然”二者可互换,但although与though 更加正式.在同一个句子中,although与though不能与but连用,但可以与yet 连用.Eg: Although he was tired,he went on working.②Although一般不用作adv,而though可作adv,且一般位于句末,译为:可是;不过.Eg: It’s hard work;I enjoy it,though.③as though(好像;仿佛),even though(即使;纵然)等固定短语中。

初中名词讲义

初中名词讲义

名词:人或物 (一)名词的种类:专有名词普通名词 个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词 可数名词 不可数名词 1. 专有名词:人、事物、地点、机构的名称,多为独一无二的事物,首字母大写。

2. 个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体。

3. 集体名词:表示一群人或一类事物的词。

4. 物质名词:无法分为个体的事物。

5. 抽象名词:表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词。

(二)名词的数:可数名词复数:规则变化和不规则变化不可数名词不可数名词的量:量词短语1. 可数名词复数变化规则 (1) 大部分直接加s,清辅音后读/s /,浊辅音和元音后读/z /, book-book s , bag-bag s , tie-tie s (2)以s,x,sh,ch 结尾,加es,读/iz /, class-class es , box-box es , brush-brush es , watch-watch es(3) 以辅音字母+y 结尾,把y 变i,再加es,读/iz /, baby-bab ies , story-stor ies 以元音字母+y 结尾,直接加s,读/z /, boy-boy s , day-day s(4) 以f,fe 结尾,把f,fe 变v,再加es,读/vz /, shelf- shel ves , knife-kni ves(5) 以o结尾,大多数加s,读/z/, photo-photo s, piano-piano s, zoo-zoo s,radio-radio s, kilo-kilo s少数加es,读/z/, hero-hero es, tomato-tomato es, potato-potato es,mango-mango es不规则变化(1) oo→ee,f oot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese(2)man→men, man-men, woman-women, German-Germans(特殊)(3)单复数同形,fish-fish, sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese(4)child-child ren(5)mouse-m ice(6)ox-ox en复合名词变复数boy student 男生banana tree香蕉树boy student s banana tree sman driver 男司机woman teacher 女老师m e n driver s wom e n teacher s2. 不可数名词的量:量词短语a loaf of 一条a bar of 一块a bottle of 一瓶a pound of 一磅a tin of 一罐a piece of 一片;一张a glass of 一杯a cup of 一杯half a pound of 半磅a quarter of a pound of 四分之一磅(三)名词所有格1)意义:表示……的2)构成:名词+‘s(有生命):Jim’s sisterof短语(无生命): the door of the room3)具体规则:①一般加's,Tim's shirt; a dog's life②以s结尾的单数名词,加'或‘s,the air hostess' dress或the air hostess's dress③以s或es结尾的复数名词加‘,Teachers' Day④表示共同拥有,最后一个名词后加‘s,Tom and Jim's bike表示各自拥有,每个名词后都加‘s,Tom's and Jim's bikes 4)特殊所有格:①表示工作的处所:at the barber’s 在理发店at the doctor’s 在医院②表示……的家:at my uncle’s 在我叔叔家at the Smith’s 在史密斯的家③表示时间、距离、国家的词可以加’stoday’s newspaper 今天的报纸an hour’s bus ride 一个小时的公交车程China’s dream 中国梦5) 双重所有格:包括两个所属关系名词+of +’s所有格 a book of my father’s 我爸爸的一本书名词+of+名词性物主代词 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友。

初中英语语法精讲讲义(完整版)

初中英语语法精讲讲义(完整版)

(内部资料) 2018.1目录第一讲名词第二讲冠词第三讲代词第四讲数词第五讲介词第六讲形容词和副词第七讲连词第八讲情态动词第九讲非谓语动词第十讲时态第十一讲被动语态第十二讲祈使句、倒装句、反意疑问句和感叹句第十三讲宾语从句第十四讲定语从句第十五讲状语从句第十六讲主谓一致第十七讲情景交际第十八讲词义辨析附录I 重点短语概述一、概述语法是研究词形变化和句子结构的科学,研究词形变化的部分成为词法(名词的数、格,动词的时态、语态),研究句子结构的部分称为句法(句子成分、语序,句子种类)。

二、英语词类词类英语作用在句中成分例词1名词n.表示人或物的名称主、宾、表、定、同位mother, son 2形容词adj.表示人或物的特征定、表、补、状big, small 3数词num.表示数目或顺序主、宾、nine, first 4代词pron.代替名词,数词主语宾语定语he, him, his 5动词v.表示动作或状态谓come, write 6副词adv.表示动作特征或性状特征状、表very, slowly 7冠词art.用在名词前说明其意义不做成分a, an, the8介词prep.用在名代前说明它与别的词之间的关系不做成分for, from, to 9连词conj.用来连接词与词或句与句不做成分and, but, if 10感叹词interj.表示说话时的感情或口气不做成分oh, ow三、句子成分句子中有两个最重要最基本的成分,主语和谓语。

除了主语和谓语,句子有时还有其他成分,宾语、定语、状语、表语等。

主语:一般位于句首,说明所要讲述的对象或主体,表示要说的“谁”或“什么”,一般由名词、代词或名词性的词类、短语或从句充当。

We often practise speaking English after class.Your father’s car is new.Watching English films is a good way to learn English.谓语:位于主语之后,说明主语的情况(动作或状态)---“做什么”“是什么”“怎么样”。

初中英语一般过去时态讲义

初中英语一般过去时态讲义

(watch)
❖ 4. They all ____we_n_t ___ to the mountains yesterday
morning. (go)
studied
❖ 5. My friend, Carol, ________for the math test
yesterday evening. (study)
sit---sat
stand---stood take—took
teach—taught
write--wrote
定义
❖ 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或 存在的状态,
❖ 常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last night, in 1990, two days ago等。一般过 去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常 和often, always等表示频度的时间状语连用。
一般过去时态
一构成
❖ 1. 动词的过去时态did, played. ❖ 2. There be 句型的Be动词的变化:was,
were.
动词过去式的变化规则
❖ 动词过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化:
❖ 规则变化:
❖ 1)一般在动词末尾加-ed.
❖ Eg: look--- looked. Start—started.
❖ 2. She buys a dress last week. _______b_u_y_s_--_--_--_- b_o_u_g_h_t _____

3. Did you liked playing football ? _______L_ik_e_d_--_--_--_--_lik_e________
because they were so busy.

初中英语形容词和副词讲义

初中英语形容词和副词讲义

讲义3 :形容词一、形容词的定义:表示人或事物的属性,特征或状态的词叫形容词(Adjective).形容词修饰名词,它的基本用法就是为名词提供更多的信息,它分为性质形容词和叙述形容词两类.二、形容词的位置1、单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面,做定语。

它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。

例如:a red flower一朵红花 this interesting story这个有趣的故事six blind men 六个盲人 my own house我自己的房子形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。

例如:I have something important to tell you.Is there anything interesting in the film.三、形容词和副词的等级变化大多数形容词和副词有三个级:原级(即原形)、比较级和最高级。

1 一般在词末尾加er变比较级,加est变最高级。

strong —stronger -strongest small--smaller--smallest hard→harder →hardest fast→faster →fastest2 如果以e结尾,只加r 或st。

nice--nicer--nicest fine--finer--finest3 以重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est。

sad--sadder-- saddest big--bigger--biggest hot--hotter --hottest4 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,把y变成i,再加er或est。

angry--angrier-angriest early→earlier →earliest hungry-hungrier-hungriest5、但是,开放类副词即形容词加ly结尾变成的副词加more或most.如quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietlyslowly—more slowly—most slowly[注]:early中的ly不是后缀,故把y变i再加er和est6、大部分双音节和所有多音节词都在其前面加more变比较级,加most变最高级different -more different -most differentbeautiful--more beautiful--the most beautifulexpensive--more expensive--the most expensive但是,以形容前缀un结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况,如unhappy,untidy,我们可以说:unhappier→u nhappiest,形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化四.形容词副词的用法1."the+形容词",表示一类人或事物,相当于名词,用作主语及宾语The old often think of old things.2 "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..."表示 " 越... 就越..."。

初中英语语法讲义

初中英语语法讲义

名词含义:表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。

注:1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。

第一个字母必须大写。

专有名词前一般不加冠词。

2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”,但它不大写。

3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时,则变为可数名词,而且意思上也有了变化。

Eg : beer ----a beer 一杯啤酒work--- a work 工厂,著作glass---a glass 一个玻璃杯room 空间---a room 一个房间二、 名词的数:表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。

可数名词有单、复数两种形式:可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 “a 或an”;复数形式是在名词后加 “-s 或-es”。

名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种12. 可数名词复数的不规则变化① 改变单数名词中的元音字母eg. man--men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, mouse--mice② 单复数同形eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,③ 由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数eg. a man doctor— men doctors, a woman teacher--women teachers 注: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数).eg. maths , physics, politics, news3. 不可数名词:表示不能计算数目的人或物,称为不可数名词。

他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。

物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。

不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:(1)同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。

初中英语讲义(教案):-初一英语--There-be句型讲解和练习

初中英语讲义(教案):-初一英语--There-be句型讲解和练习

There be句型一、导入商店大减价一个男子看见一家商店大减价,便走了进去。

“您买些什么?”“我想买狗食。

”“我们有规定,您必须证明您有狗。

"“哪儿有这样的规定?"“减价商品就是这样。

”男子与售货员磨了半天,售货员还是不同意卖给他,没有办法,男子只好回家把狗带来,才买到了狗食.过了几天,男子又去这家商店买猫食“给我两盒猫食."“我们有规定,您必须证明您有猫。

”还是那个售货员,男子又与她磨蹭了半天结果还是不得不回家把猫带来才买到了猫食。

又过了几天,男子抱着挖有一个洞的大纸箱来到那家商店,找到那个售货员“您买些什么?”“你把手伸进去就知道了。

"售货员把手伸了进去:“是什么呀,粘乎乎的.”“嘿嘿,我想买两卷儿手纸."二、专题讲解There be句型1、定义:There be 结构主要用以表达“某地有某人(某物)”。

其基本句型为“There be +某物或某人(主语)+ 某地".2、be动词的选择:There be 结构中的谓语动词be(is / are)在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致.主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is;主语是复数时用are。

3、具体结构:(1) There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.E.g。

There is a desk in the classroom. 在教室里有一张桌子.(2)There are + 复数名词+ 地点状语.E。

g。

There are 5 apples in the box。

盒子里有五个苹果。

口诀:“有"字放前面,有“啥”放中间;时间地点放后面;单数is, 复数are注意be的两变化.把图片倒过来看一下?4、句型变化:(1)、否定句:there be的否定式通常在be后加not。

诚信专业优质规范第1页E。

g。

There is a bike under the tree。

初中英语讲义语法篇-被动语态

初中英语讲义语法篇-被动语态

九。

动词的被动语态一。

概述1.什么是被动语态?英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。

英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。

2。

考纲要求:掌握被动语态的结构以及各个时态的用法掌握带有情态动词的被动语态的的结构和基本用法。

3。

中考热点:各个时态下得被动语态的构成以及用法。

尤其是一般现在时,一般过去时的被动语态结构以及用法二.例句分析1.(2011,北京。

34) Many accidents _____ by careless drivers last year。

A. are caused B。

were caused C。

have caused D. will cause解析:此题考察的是不同时态下被动语态的结构以及用法.2。

(2010。

北京,24)The road _____ last year.A。

builds B。

builts C。

was built D。

is built解析:此题考查被动语态的一般过去时的结构和用法。

三. 被动语态的构成被动语态的结构为:be+动词过去分词真题再现:(2011,北京.34)Many accidents _____ by careless drivers last year.A。

are caused B。

were caused C。

have caused D. will cause解析:此题考察被动语态不同时态的结构以及用法,答案为B。

又句尾的last year是一般过去时的标志词,而且主语many accidents 不是人,所以一般过去时的被动语态时was/were+ done练习题:1。

Many trees and flowers ________ in our school last year,and they made our school a beautiful garden.A.plant B.planted C.have planted D.were planted2. ——Our environment is getting worse than before.-—You’re right。

初中英语代词课件(精品全面)上课讲义

初中英语代词课件(精品全面)上课讲义
❖ eg: This is my dictionary. Where is yours? ❖ 名词性物主代词可用在of 后面做定语,相当于“ of
+名词所有格” ,表示带有部分概念或有一定的感 情色彩。
❖ eg: He is a friend of mine.
二、it的用法
❖ it既是宾格又可以做主格,有时也可以指人。 ❖ 1. 代表前面提到过的事物。如:
代词
( pron.)
一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清
分类 人称、作用
第一人称
单数 复数
第二人称
单数 复数
第三人称
单数
复数
作用
人称代词
主格
宾格
I we you you he she it they 主语
me us you you him her it them 宾语、表语
物主代词
形容词性
名词性
二、it的用法
❖ 3. 表示时间、距离、天气等。如: It will be sunny tomorrow.
❖ 4. 作形式主语或者形式宾语。如: I found it difficult to learn English well
first. It is impossible for us to learn a foreign
❖ 7. come to oneself苏醒 Soon the lady came to herself.
❖ 8. make oneself + 过去分词,使自己被别人… She did her best to make herself understood.
❖ 9. make yourself at home别客气,让自己像在家一样 Help yourself to some fish. Make yourself at home.

人教版九年级英语下册讲义

人教版九年级英语下册讲义

人教版九年级英语下册讲义本文档是人教版九年级英语下册的讲义,旨在帮助同学们系统掌握本学期的英语知识。

一、单元介绍本学期英语课程共分为六个单元,分别是Unit 7: Earth's Changing Climate, Unit 8: Celebrating Chinese Festivals, Unit 9: A Healthy Lifestyle, Unit 10: A Mystery Story, Unit 11: Technology and You, Unit 12: Travel and Adventure。

每个单元都包含了词汇、语法、听力、口语和阅读等内容。

二、教学目标1. 了解地球的气候变化对人类以及生物的影响,并掌握相关词汇和表达方式。

2. 了解中国的传统节日和相关俗,培养对中国文化的兴趣。

3. 掌握与健康生活方式有关的词汇和语法,学会谈论自己的生活惯和健康问题。

4. 研究阅读和理解推理类故事,并学会运用相关的词汇和句型进行表达。

5. 探索科技对人们生活的影响,并学会运用科技词汇进行交流和讨论。

6. 学会描述旅行和冒险经历,并掌握相关的词汇和句型。

三、教学内容安排每个单元的教学内容按照以下顺序进行:1. 单词和短语的研究:通过词汇练和语境运用,帮助学生掌握新单词和短语。

2. 语法的研究:介绍新的语法知识并进行练,帮助学生运用到实际情境中。

3. 听力练:通过听力材料,培养学生的听力理解能力和语音感知。

4. 口语练:通过角色扮演和对话练,帮助学生提高口语表达能力。

5. 阅读理解练:通过阅读材料,培养学生的阅读理解能力和批判性思维能力。

6. 写作练:通过写作任务,让学生运用所学知识进行写作。

四、教学方法本讲义采用多种教学方法,包括课堂教学、小组合作研究、角色扮演、演讲和讨论等,通过活动和互动培养学生的研究兴趣和综合能力。

五、教学评估每个单元结束后,将进行综合评估,包括听力测试、口语表达、阅读理解和写作任务等,旨在帮助学生巩固所学知识和提高研究成绩。

初中英语讲义(教案):--初三语法--五种基本句型讲解和练习

初中英语讲义(教案):--初三语法--五种基本句型讲解和练习

句子成分和五种基本句型一、导入1四只老鼠吹牛。

甲:我每天都拿鼠药当糖吃;乙:我一天不踩老鼠夹脚发痒;丙:我每天不过几次大街不踏实;丁:时间不早了,回家抱猫去咯。

2一群蚂蚁爬上了大象的背,但被摇了下来,只有一只蚂蚁死死地抱着大象的脖子不放,下面的蚂蚁大叫:掐死他,掐死他,小样,还他妈反了!二、知识点回顾略(1)专题讲解☆专题1:词类1。

十大词类实词:可以在句子里面充当成分,可以独立出现1。

名词n。

表示人和事物的名称,作主语、宾语等2。

代词pron。

代替名词数词等,作主语、宾语等3。

动词v。

表示动作,做谓语4.形容词adj。

表示人或事物的特征,作定语、表语,译作“….的"5.副词adv. 表示动作特征或性状特征,修饰动词,形容词或其它副词,做状语,译作“…地”6.数词num。

表示数目或顺序,做主语、宾语、表语、定语等虚词:不能独立出现7.冠词art. 用在名词前帮助说明其意义,a / an / the8.介词prep。

用在名词,代词等前面,说明它与别的词之间的关系9。

连词conj。

用来连接词与词或句与句10.感叹词interj. 表示说话时的感情或口气☆专题2:句子成分1. 句子成分概述组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分,既:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。

主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。

1.主要成分:主语、谓语(必须有)2.特定成分:宾语、表语、补语(在某种特定的句型里面出现)3。

附加成分:定语、状语(可有可无,可多可少)2、句子各种成分的含义理解:1)、主语:句子的主角,一个句子在说或讨论谁(啥),谁(啥)就是主语。

主语一般放在句首。

(在“主+谓+宾”的句型结构中,主语是动作的执行者,宾语是动作的承受者.)E.g:Tom is a doctor。

My father and my mother are teachers。

Today is my birthday。

I can see a desk in the room。

初中英语冠词讲义

初中英语冠词讲义

初中英语冠词讲义第一课时词的类别知识点讲解一、词类的概括英语中的单词可以分为两种十类。

一种是实词,包括:名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和数词;另一种是虚词,包括:冠词、介词、连词和感叹词。

实词可以在句子中独立作句子成分,虚词在句子中不能独立作句子成分。

二、词的具体类别(实词和虚词)(1)实词①名词(Noun):表示人或事物的名称。

例如:男孩boy;书 book②代词(Pronoun):代替名词、数词等。

例如:我们 we;许多many③动词(Verb):表示动作或状态。

例如:去 go;是be④数词(Numeral):表示数量或顺序。

例如:五five;第一first⑤形容词(Adjective):用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征。

例如:高的 tall;好的good⑥副词(Adverb):用以修饰动词、形容词、副词等,表示动作或状态的特征。

例如:慢慢地slowly;非常 very(2)虚词①冠词(Article):用在名词前面,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。

例如:一a, an;这,那the②介词(Preposition):用在名词、代词等的前面,说明它与别的词之间的关系。

例如:在……里面in;关于about③连词(Conjunction):用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子。

例如:和and;但but④感叹词(Interjection):表示说话时的感情或口气。

例如:oh 哦;ah啊第二课时冠词一.概念冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义.冠词可分为:定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.二.相关知识点精讲(1)不定冠词:a用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如:a book;an用于元音发音开头的词前,如:an apple, an hour. 请区别:a useful machine, an umbrella, a“u”, an “h”。

1.不定冠词的基本用法①. a/an 用于单数可数名词前,表示“一”。

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A+ CLOZEAThe story was a true one and still moved me deeply. Thirty years ago, I got to know a __1__ lady named Rose. She had no kids and lived alone. __2__ I went to visit her, I always took Rose some coffee and food. One day she said she __3__ me to have lunch.We walked from my work place to a little restaurant on David Street. __4__ the way, I began to worry: I knew that she had no money, but if I offered to __5__ the lunch, I was afraid I would hurt her.There were many people in the __6__ and all of them were happy. Rose told me to sit and drink coffee by the window. Then she went to __7__ in the kitchen. After about 20 minutes, she came out and sat with me. She just paid for one meal and we started to __8__ the delicious food together. She told me that the restaurant let people work for a meal if they had no money, or would give them a free meal if they were not able to work. To my surprise, she also explained that the workers __9__ were working there were all volunteers.I __10__ remember the beautiful afternoon I shared with Rose. __11__ we had a meal together only once, it was paid by Rose’s work. The weather was __12__ and bright, and everyone’s smile was warm and bright as well.I’m still thinking that life cannot be easy to us, but we can still do __13__ for out friends and neighbors. The world will be __14__ if everybody would like to share happiness with others. It will never be dark if there is a light in everyone’s heart.1.A.rich B.poor C.strange D.crazy2.A.When B.After C.Until D.Unless3.A.will invite B.was inviting C.is inviting D.to invite4.A.By B.In C.On D.Out of5.A.pay for B.ask for C.look for D.care for6.A.park B.restaurant C.hotel D.bar7.A.sit B.rest C.stay D.work8.A.buy B.cook C.enjoy D.drink9.A.her B.him C.me D.you10.A.who B.whom C.which D.whose11.A.never B.still C.hardly D.already12.A.So B.But C.Though D.Because13.A.hotter B.cold C.cool D.warm14.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything15.A.colder B.nicer C.harder D.worseBTwin sisters from Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province got the same scores on last year’s National College Entrance Examination.People started to __1__ if the girls could read one another’s minds. The twin sisters, Zhang Jiahuan and Zhang Jiale, __2__ the college entrance exams at the beginning of June, 2009. When they received the results, they were __3__ because they both scored 644 points.A reporter asked __4__ anything like this had ever happened before. “We __5__ expected it,”the girls said. “This is the only case”.The reporter became __6__ more curious when he found the two said the __7__ sentences at the same time.To find out if the twins really have telepathy(心灵感应), the reporter did __8__ on them. When asked questions about their lives, the sisters always __9__ in one voice, which made the reporter __10__ that telepathy did exist between the sisters.However, Xu Yi, a doctor from Zhejiang No.1 Hospital didn’t believe __11__. He said it was not __12__ for twins to get the same or similar scores on tests __13__ identical twins(同卵双胞胎) are born with the same genes, which __14__ their personality, intelligence and ways of thinking.Xu __15__ that the twins also have the same family and education background; therefore, they would find the same ways to solve problems in the exams.1.A.wonder B.know C.see D.get2.A.made B.took C.did D.joined3.A.shocked B.careful C.sad D.hurried4.A.since B.and C.but D.if5.A.ever B.always C.never D.often6.A.quite B.very C.too D.even7.A.same B.different C.whole D.several8.A.a report B.a mark C.an experiment D.a work9.A.asked B.thought C.answered D.sounded10.A.thank B.believe C.care D.respect11.A.that B.them C.which D.he12.A.unusual mon C.glad eful13.A.until B.because C.so D.but14.A.include B.share C.decide D.act15.A.added B.heard C.spoke D.operatedC“Never give up!” It is my law of my life. It has brought me __1__. I learned the law from my father’s __2__ story.My father was __3__ in a poor village in North China. When he was a young boy, he went to school in the morning, then __4__ in the fields till sunset. And then he did his homework __5__ midnight. Life was hard, because they had no __6__!At the age of 14, my father heard of the United States of America. It was the land of gold, the land where __7__ people can become rich.“__8__ don’t I go to America?” he thought to himself, full of hope.So, my father came to America. “I had thought it was easy to __9__ money in America,” he told me. “But when I arrived there, I realized it was not true. They did not like to hire me because I spoke __10__ English. Later, I worked in a small restaurant, cleaning up tables, __11__ dishes and sweeping the floor. Life was __12__ for the first few years. I worked from 10 a.m. to 11 p.m. I wanted to go to school to learn English, but it was impossible. I couldn’t __13__ the schooling.”My father __14__ working hard, and reached his goal.“Alan,” he often says to me.“If you want something, you have to work for it and never giveup. Things do not come __15__ in life.” That is what I learned from my father.1.A.disaster B.loss C.success D.pity2.A.life B.fashion C.danger D.history3.A.famous B.lucky C.rich D.born4.A.taught B.worked C.studied D.slept5.A.until B.towards C.for D.during6.A.experience B.energy C.time D.money7.A.kind B.poor C.strong zy8.A.What B.How C.Why D.When9.A.discover B.make C.collect D.spend10.A.little B.good C.much D.excellent11.A.giving B.running C.washing D.receivingfortable B.cheerful C.nice D.hard13.A.borrow B.need C.afford D.pay14.A.kept B.finished C.minded D.stopped15.A.really B.easily C.quietly D.slowlyDI got out of the train station with my father. A woman came to him and said that her __1__ had been stolen. She asked if he could __2__ her some money to go back home. My father gave her what she asked for and told her not to __3__ paying it back. I was shocked. How could my father be so __4__? It was clear that she was telling a lie, staying at the station all day long __5__ money.“She was lying!” I shouted.“__6__ did you give her anything?”My father looked at me. He was a bit __7__. “And what would you like me to do?” he said.“Should I tell __8__ that I am a college professor and I can see through her scam?” I did not understand him at all, and then he told me something that I have __9__ forgotten. “First,she would not do this __10__ she did not need the money. Second, I made her day, because now she thinks that she is __11__ than me. It is more important to her than the money, but I do not __12__ this.”A week later, we were at the same __13__, and the same woman came to my father with the same story. “Not this time,” my father told her.“In your busines s, you __14__ learn to recognize people. Try another story __15__ me next week.”1.A.money B.bicycle C.phone D.child2.A.borrow B.keep C.lend D.pay3.A.give up B.worry about C.hurry up D.turn off4.A.clever B.friendly C.strict D.silly5.A.asking for B.dealing with C.fighting for D.picking out6.A.What B.When C.Why D.How7.A.angry B.happy C.sad D.shy8.A.them B.her C.you D.me9.A.seldom B.often C.never ually10.A.unless B.until C.while D.if11.A.smarter B.younger C.taller D.better12.A.close B.mind C.enter D.hear13.A.stop B.hospital C.station D.school14.A.should B.can C.may D.would15.A.of B.in C.on D.atEDo you know who invented tea? In fact, tea, the most popular drink in the world (after water), was invented by accident. According to an ancient Chinese legend, the emperor Shen Nong __1__ tea when he was boiling drinking water over an open fire. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for __2__. The emperor noticed that the leaves in the water produced a __3__ smell. Later he decided __4__ the hot mixture. It was quite delicious. And __5__, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented.China is the home of tea, __6__ has more than 4,000 years’ history. People throughout China drink tea daily. __7__ the three major drinks -- tea, coffee and coco, tea is drunk by __8__ people in the world. Tea from China, along __9__ silk and porcelain, began to be known by the world over a thousand years ago and has been an important Chinese export __10__.Tea leaves __11__ mainly in the area of south of the Yangtze River, in the provinces of Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Fujian, because of the mild __12__ and rich soil there. Longjing, Wulong, Pu’er and Tieguanyin are all __13__ kinds of tea.Over the past centuries, Chinese people __14__ their unique tea culture, which includes tea planting, tea leaf picking, tea making and so on. Tea is __15__ a popular topic which is often mentioned in dances,songs,poems and novels.1.A.invented B.found out C.discovered D.tried out2.A.sometimes B.some time C.some times D.some days3.A.pleasant B.pleased C.bad D.terrible4.A.not to taste B.to taste C.tasting D.taste5.A.by the way B.on the way C.on its way D.in this way6.A.who B.which C.where D.when7.A.In B.For C.Of D.By8.A.the number of B.a number of C.a large number of D.the largest number of9.A.between B.with C.except D.besides10.A.at that time B.from now on C.since then D.since now11.A.produce B.are produced C.make D.are made12.A.climate B.weather C.condition D.environment13.A.interesting B.important C.famous D.normal14. A.had developed B.have developed C.developed D.are developing15.A.too B.as well C.either D.also。

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