微地震压裂裂缝监测方法及应用

flows are respresented,including observation system establishment, noise filter,
polarization analysis,three component receiver orientation, velocity
modeling,microseismic
Finally,the role of microseismic monitor in shale gas is describedbriefly,showing microseismic has favorable application prospect. Meanwhile,regarding constructions on microseismic monitor are presented,which are to research further in future.
essential for well arrangement in the development of oil field. How to evaluate the
fractures exactly is a still hot spot in petroleum industry.
Conventional fracturemonitortechnique, e.g., dip compass, well temperature test,
Abstract
During the exploration and development of oil & gas field, for the low
permeability reservoir, hydrofracture is a important way to enhance oil
recovery(EOR), in hydrofracture, it will produce a mass of fractures, which is very
point,designing a geological model to百度文库numerical simulation by finite difference
method. Based on the previous research,microseismic data acquisition and process
微地震压裂裂缝监测方法及应用
作者简介：刘伟，男，1986年06月生，师从成都理工大学唐湘蓉副教授、贺 振华教授，2012年06月毕业于成都理工大学地球探测与信息技术专业，获得工学 硕士学位。
摘要
在油气田开发过程中，对于低渗透油气田，压裂工艺是增产增注的一项重要 措施，而压裂所产生裂缝（裂缝方位又与地应力有着密切的关系）和压裂规模， 是井网部署的重要参考依据，因而深入地研究裂缝方位及形态，适时地进行井网 调整，这一直是油田亟待解决的课题。
a new geophysics technique, it can detect fracture geometry shape and space
distribution by receiving the microseismic signal. Microseismic can provide fracture’s
本文研究的目的是通过监测压裂过程中产生的微地震信号，获取震地震事件 的震源信息（位置、方向、长度、高度、大小），利用这些信息优化井位设计、 优化井网等开发措施, 提高采收率。本文首先介绍了微地震压裂裂缝监测的基本 原理，主要有声发射学、摩尔-库仑理论、断裂力学准则。其次，对比分析了常 规压裂裂缝监测技术（地面倾斜仪测试、井温测试、放射性同位素测试、压力诊 断测试）与微地震压裂裂缝监测技术的应用情况，突出微地震压裂裂缝监测技术 的优越性。同时，为了弄清微地震波场特征，本文把一个微地震事件看作是一个 时延爆炸反射点，设计了与研究目标相应的地质模型，采用有限差分对微地震传 播进行数值模拟，揭示了微地震波场传播特点。在上述研究基础上，系统的阐述 了微地震数据采集与处理的基本流程：观测系统的设计、去噪处理、极化分析、 三分量检波器定向、速度建模、震源定位、修改速度模型、精确震源定位。本文 也通过实例论述了微地震在压裂裂缝检测中的应用，包括其详细流程，如监测井、 压裂井的选择、前期相应准备工作、压裂参数选择及数据处理，论证了微地震监
this paper,at first,microseismic fracture monitor basic principles are
introduced,including acoustic emission(AE), Mohr-Coulomb theory,fracture
mechanics rules. Secondly,making a comparison between conventional fracture
1.1 选题依据及意义................................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状................................................................................................................2 1.3 研究思路及内容................................................................................................................4 1.4 创新点及研究成果............................................................................................................5 第 2 章微地震压裂监测原理...........................................................................................................6 2.1 微地震压裂监测技术的基本原理....................................................................................6
source
locating,
modifingvelocity
modeling,accuratemicroseismic source locating. In this paper,microseismic field date
III
is applied to research monitor effect,microseismic operation flow is researched,including how to select monitor well & fracture well, fracture preparation,fracture parameters selection and data process,field data shows microseismic fracture monitor play aimportant role for monitoring fractures..
height, length, azimuth, which can be used to optimize well arrangement, enhancing
oil recovery.
This paper is to utilize microseismic signal to evaluate fracture,i.e., fracture
IV
目录
摘要 I
Abstract III 第 1 章引言 ......................................................................................................................................1
常规压裂监测技术，如倾斜测量、井温测量、放射性测量、电位法等压裂监 测技术，都具有其自身的局限性，不能完全监测裂缝的长度、高度、宽度、方位 角，微地震监测技术能够很好的解决上述问题。微地震压裂监测技术成为近年来 在低渗透油气藏增产一项重要新技术。该项技术通过在邻井中（或地面）布设检 波器来监测压裂井在压裂过程中诱发的微地震波来描述压裂过程中裂缝生长的 几何形状和空间展布。它能实时提供压裂施工过程中产生裂隙的高度、长度和方 位角信息, 利用这些信息可以优化井位设计、优化井网等开发措施, 从而提高采 收率。
Introduction of the author: Liu Wei, male, was born in June,1986, whose tutor wasAssoc. Prof.Tang Xiangrong&Prof. He Zhenhua. He graduated from Chengdu University of Technology in Earth Exploration and Information Techniquemajor and was granted the Master Degree in June, 2012.
monitor is prior to others.Meanwhile, for researching microseismic wavefield
characteristic, a microseismic event is regarded as a time delay explosion reflection
location, length,width,height,direction,which are can be used to improve oil & gas
field development project by optimize well location layout, enhancing oil recovery. In
monitor(dip compass, well temperature test, radioactive measurement, potential
method, etc.) and microseismic fracture monitor, showing microseismic fracture
radioactive measurement, potential method, etc., which are some constrains in length,
height, width, azimuth, microseismic monitor can solve the problems. Microseismic is
Keywords: microseismicfracture break monitormicroseismic source locatingartificial fracture monitoring enhance oil recovery wave equation numerical simulation
I
测技术在压裂裂缝检测中的良好效果。 本文最后简单的论述了微地震在页岩气勘探开发中的应用，表明微地震监测
技术在页岩气勘探开发中的良好应用前景，并给出相关建议。 关键词：微地震压裂监测震源定位人工裂缝监测采收率波动方程数值模拟页岩气
II
Microseismicfracture break monitor method and application