(完整版)英语中长句的翻译
英汉翻译(12)英语长句的翻译
2. Translation of English Complex Sentences
• （A）顺序法： • 4) A day or two before I sailed a man who owned a number of pearlers came to me and asked whether on my way I would stop at the island of Trebucket and leave a sack of flour, another of rice, and some magazines for the hermit who lived there. • 开航前一两天，有个拥有几条采珠船的船主来 找我，问我能否顺路在特里巴克特岛停一下，给 那里的隐士捎一袋面粉，一袋大米和几份杂志。
• 2) It was dark on the Old Wharf, very dark; the whole sheds, the cattle trucks, the cranes standing up so high, the little squat railway engine, all seemed carved out of solid darkness, here and there on a rounded wood-pile, that was like the stalk of a huge black mushroom, there hung a lantern, but it seemed afraid to unfurl its timid, quivering light in all that blackness; it burned softly, as if for itself. • 旧码头上黑咕隆咚的。羊毛货棚、载牛货车， 高高竖立的吊车，矮墩墩的火车头，全都是黑糊 糊的一片，难辩轮廓。码头上，每个圆木桩（象 很大的黑色蘑菇的柄）上，挂着一盏灯，好象怕 羞似的，只把那颤悠悠的微光撒向黑暗。它柔和 地照着，好象只照着自己。
(完整版)英语中长句的翻译
Chapter 13 英汉长句的翻译Translation of English Long Sentences1. 何谓长句所谓长句，主要指语法结构复杂、修饰成分较多、内容层次在两个或两个以上的复合句，亦可指含义较多的简单句。
2、汉英长句比较英、汉两种语言在句法上存在差异,英语多为形合句,汉语多为意合句。
汉语句子多属于紧缩型,英语的句子多属于扩展型.英语修辞语位置相对灵活,前置后置,比较自如,尤其倾向于后置,十分有利于句子的扩展。
英语句子较长,且较多使用关联词和从句。
多种从句(主语、状语、定语、表语从句)并存的长句比比皆是。
因为英语结构复杂,层次变化多样,容易产生误解,所以英语长句翻译成为难点。
3、英语长句的分析在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语（主干/句）, 从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。
例：Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。
长句的翻译
长句的翻译一、原序翻译1.请你方考虑，今后货物一经订妥，就不可撤销，我们认为，这样才有助于更好地合作。
We should like to have your consideration that, in the future, orders once placed are not to be cancelled afterwards, which we think will be conducive to better cooperation.2.上海针织公司由37个企业组成，生产规模大，且拥有众多的名牌产品，如“菊花牌”、“鹅牌”和“三枪牌”，公司每年的销售额高达13亿人民币。
Shanghai Knitting Corporation is made up of 37 enterprises and enjoys a broad production scale; with several well –known local brands such as “Chrysanthemum ”, “Swan” and “Three Guns”, it has annual sales volume of about 1.3 billion RMB.二、分译1)汉语长句中若有反问句、反诘句或感叹句，英译时往往要分译。
1.盛夏炎热，一走进浙江莫干山的林间小道就汗止心凉，加上轻风拂煦，浑身有说不出的舒坦，忍不住要赞叹一声：莫干山，好一个清凉世界！No matter how hot it is “outside”, once you step onto the trail through the forest on Mogan Mountain in Zhejiang Province, the sweat withdraws from your body. In addition, the breeze refreshes you with a gentle caress. How cool it is!2.延安虽然还没有战争，但军队天天在前方打仗，后方也唤工作忙，文章太长，有谁来看呢？Although there is as yet no fighting here in Yen’an, our troops are daily engaged in battle, and the people in the rear are busy at work. If articles are too long, who will read them?2)汉语长句中若有比方句，英译时往往要分译。
英语长句的翻译
It’s autumn now. But the rain kept falling, without any sign of sunshine and coolness. It reminds me of the autumn days in Peking: the shiny days, and the pale sun light falling on the ancient walls. Looking up to the clear blue sky, you will see flocห้องสมุดไป่ตู้s of doves whistling and flying around. Their pure white feathers reflect the dazzling sunlight, which turns into silver shine when getting into your eyes.
美国人民能否摆脱奴隶制，成为自由人； 美国人民能否摆脱奴隶制，成为自由人； 能否合法拥有私有财产； 能否合法拥有私有财产 ； 能否使自己的住 宅和农庄免遭洗劫和毁坏； 宅和农庄免遭洗劫和毁坏 ； 能否避免陷入 任何人类努力都无法拯救的悲惨境地—决 任何人类努力都无法拯救的悲惨境地 决 定这一切的时刻已迫在眉睫。 定这一切的时刻已迫在眉睫。
The bells are wuthering, changing melodies as the wind swaying. The ancient city is in all peaceful solemnity. Perhaps she is always alert, listening to the enthusiastic salutation from her sons and daughters.
英语长句的翻译方法
长句的翻译方法1．顺序翻译法（1）The problem is that the last gerention or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, andshould want, to do everything that by traditionmen have done at the same time as prettywelleverything that by tradition women have done.问题是，在过去二十年时间里，我们已经认定，妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切，而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。
2. 逆序翻译法（1）It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waster their opportunities,there will have to be much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此，如果要使学生充分利用（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
3. 分译法翻译英语句子时，有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可，但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子，这叫分译法。
使用分译法，可以把原句中的一个词，一个短语或一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
一、把原文中单词译成句子（一）副词1．They tried vainly to blame us for the breakdown in the truce talk.他们试图把和谈的罪名加在我们头上，但没得逞。
英语长句的理解与翻译
英语长句的理解与翻译1．Many experts suggest that the child raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.译文：许多专家认为：如果一个儿童在有许多刺激的环境里长大，而这些刺激能够开发其相应的反映能力，那么这个儿童将会有得到更好的智力发展。
2．How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information and on the skill with which it is interpreted.译文：这些预测在多大程度上会被后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能。
3．Immediately the army opened fire, killing four men and injuring the fifth who later died of his wounds.译文：部队突然开了火，打死四人，还有一人受伤。
后来此人也因伤势过重死去。
4．The king, whose power is unlimited, and whose treasures surmount战胜all real and imaginary wants, is compelled to ease, by the construction of the Great Wall, the satiety厌倦of dominion and tastelessness of pleasure.译文：那个权力无上、财富无竭的国王，只有通过修筑长城来减轻自己对权力的厌倦和对欢乐的麻木。
Unit 8长句的翻译
Unit 8Translating Skills Practice长句的翻译[Long Sentences]翻译长句时应从语法上分析全句，通过语法分析，弄清长句中各部分之间的语法关系，特别要弄清楚哪个是主句，主句中的主语、谓语和宾语是什么以及整个句子的时间先后顺寻和逻辑关系，然后按照汉语的特别和表达方式把句子译成若干短句，并安排好各短句之间的次序。
下面三种方法有助于我们译好长句。
1 顺译法：A partition runs down the centre of the heart, dividing it into left and right sections which work at the same time but deal with two different types of blood.一道隔膜穿过心脏中间，把心脏分成左右两个部分，两个部分同时活动，但却处理两种不同类型的血液。
2 逆译法：What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?对于护士、警察、理发师或是服务员来说，要使人们看不出他们的职业身份，还有什么比脱下制服更容易的方法呢？3 分译法：But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.但在许多人看来，穷人能不靠政府救济养活自己，而且生活得几乎和过去依靠政府救济时一样好，这本身就是一个巨大的胜利。
事实上，有些长句的翻译同时要用到两种或两种以上的方法，在翻译的过程中还须运用增词法、减词法和重复法等翻译技巧。
汉英翻译之长句翻译
Cohesive Devices Commonly Used in English and Chinese
• • • • •
reference substitution ellipsis conjuction lexical device
• Susan was upset. She yelled, “I am banging my head against the wall. Why? Why did you do that to me?” (reference) • A: We have no average students. B: Sure, you have only good ones. (substitution) • Which player will you sent to play in the match tonight? Of course, the best. (ellipsis) • It is probably going to rain. So, we take umbrellas with us. (conjuction)
• 背景情况描述部分，一般应从属于结论部 分（状语从句或独立结构）。 • 帝国主义国家对外侵略扩张，争夺世界霸 权，必然走向战争。 • Engaged in aggression and expansion abroad for the purpose of the world hegemony, the imperialist inevitably will go to war.
• 表示原因或结果的部分，一般应从属于表 示结果的部分。 • 原文：在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家 横行霸道。 • 译文1： Before I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled child of my parents, getting things my way in the family. • 译文2：Before I fell ill, I had been the bully under our roof owing to my doting parents.
英语长句的翻译
• We hear what they said and view what they did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe. • 我们如闻其声,如观其行,如见其人; 我们同情 他们,和他们悲喜与共;他们的感受成为我们 自己的感受,我们觉得仿佛自己是在他们所 描绘的场景中与他们同台扮演着角色.
• It is popular for the fine views from the summit of the mountain. • 从山顶远眺,湖光山色,尽收眼底;这儿风景绝佳,遐迩闻 名. • 译者从最后一个介词短语译起,倒着译到第二个介词短 语,最后才译原句主谓结构. • One could account for what was observed equally well on the theory that the universe had existed forever or on the theory that it was set in motion at some finite time in such a manner as to look as though it had existed forever. • 当时有两种理论摆在大家面前:一种理论认为,宇宙是 一直存在的;另一种理论认为,宇宙是在某个有限的时 刻启动的,但给人的印象却似乎是一直存在的.但是,不 管按照哪种理论,我们都可以很好地解释所观察到的事 实.
unit-4长句翻译
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张谷若译文
• 我爱我的所爱，因为她长的实在招人爱。 我恨我的所爱，因为她不回报我的爱。我 带着她到挂着浮荡子招牌的一家，和她谈 情说爱。我请她看一出潜逃私奔，为的是 我和她能长久你亲我爱。她的名儿叫做艾 米丽，她的家住在爱河里。
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其他译本
• 我爱我的爱人，因为她很迷人；我恨我的 爱人，因已许配他人；她在我心中是美人， 我带她私奔，以避开外人；她名叫虞美人， 是东方丽人。
A notion has taken hold in the United States to the effect
that（同位语从句） who (定语从句) who (定语从句)
【译文】在美国有一种根深蒂固的观点，就是只有那 些抚养得起子女的人，才应鼓励其生育。
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例3：Many a woman, some of the Highest in
Unit4 长句的翻译 Translation of Long Sentences
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长句翻译赏析
• I love my love with an E, because she’s enticing; I hate her with an E, because she’s engaged. I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement, her name’s Emily, and she lives in the east?
• 一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰 语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。
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在分析长句时应注意以下几个方面
(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的 结构。
英语长句的翻译
顺序法
• Always obey your parents—when they are present. • 父母的话总是要听的---当然是他们在身边的时候. • 这是美国作家马克· 吐温在一次关于学生该不该听从父母的管教的演讲 时,所讲的一句话.它妙就妙在将限定语放在了后面,这其实是对前面忠 告的一种否定. • It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. • 译文一:世间有这样一条公认的真理---凡财产丰厚的单身男人势必想娶 个太太. • 译文二: 有钱的单身汉想娶个太太,这是一条举世公认的真理. • 从句法上看,英语原文可视为 “圆周句”,读者以为作者将郑重其事地 宣告一个举世公认的真理,然而读到最后一个词却出乎意料地发现,所 谓”举世公认的真理,只不过是市侩的庸俗意识而已.翻译Austen这句 名言时,我们应该充分考虑原文的这些特征,即”先庄后谐”. •
状语从句的翻译
• 引导英语状语从句的从属连词,基本上可以 在汉语中找到对应的关联词,但有时不必翻 译,因为引导汉语状语分句的关联词时常省 略.英语状语从句的位置颇为灵活,置于主句 之前或之后均可. • The iron should be stricken while it is hot. 趁热打铁 • If winter comes, can spring be far away? • 冬天来了，春天还会远吗?
长句的翻译
6.Without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of demonic personality, granite will, uncanny instincts, remarkable intellect, soaring imagination and --until the end, when drunk with power and success, he overestimated himself --- an amazing ability to size up people and situations, there would never have been a Third Reich Without Adolf Hitler, there would never have been a Third Reich He was possessed of demonic personality, granite will, uncanny instincts, remarkable intellect, soaring imagination and amazing ability to size up people and situations until the end, when drunk with power and success, he overestimated himself
没有阿道夫 希特勒，就绝不会有第三帝国 他拥有恶魔般的性格，花岗岩般坚强的意志， 不可思议的本领，非凡的智力，深远的想象 力以及对人和局势惊人的判断力 直到最后，他被权利和胜利冲昏了头脑，过 高的估计了自己，最终一败涂地 没有阿道夫 希特勒，就绝不会有第三帝国的 存在。希特勒拥有恶魔般的性格，花岗岩般 坚强的意志，不可思议的本领，非凡的智力， 深远的想象力以及对人和局势惊人的判断力。 直到最后，他被权利和胜利冲昏了头脑，过 高的估计了自己，最终一败涂地
2019年英语长句的理解与翻译
英语长句的理解与翻译1．Many experts suggest that the child raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.译文：许多专家认为：如果一个儿童在有许多刺激的环境里长大，而这些刺激能够开发其相应的反映能力，那么这个儿童将会有得到更好的智力发展。
2．How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information and on the skill with which it is interpreted.译文：这些预测在多大程度上会被后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能。
3．Immediately the army opened fire, killing four men and injuring the fifth who later died of his wounds.译文：部队突然开了火，打死四人，还有一人受伤。
后来此人也因伤势过重死去。
．4．The king, whose power is unlimited, and whose treasures surmount战胜all real and imaginary wants, is compelled to ease, by the construction of the Great Wall, the satiety厌倦of dominion and tastelessness of pleasure.译文：那个权力无上、财富无竭的国王，只有通过修筑长城来减轻自己对权力的厌倦和对欢乐的麻木。
英语翻译长句翻译的译文
Translation Exercises: (长句的翻译3)Sentence translation:1. A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能够燃烧并放出热量。
2.They aorked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.他们制定出一种新方法，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。
3. There are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless.有些化学燃料是洁净无烟的。
4. There are some metals which posess the power to conduct electricity and the ability to be magnetized.某些金属既能导电，又能被磁化。
5. This type of meter is called a multimeter, which is used to measure electricity.这种仪表称为万用表，用来测量电。
6. Fine grains of dust can reflect blue light, which coars grains of dust cannot.微粒粉尘能反射蓝光，但粗粒粉尘却不能。
7. A solid fuel, like coal or wood, can only burn at the surface, where it comes into contact with the air.固体燃料，如煤和木材，只能在表面燃烧，因为表面接触空气。
8. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.我们知道，由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚。
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Chapter 13 英汉长句的翻译Translation of English Long Sentences1. 何谓长句所谓长句，主要指语法结构复杂、修饰成分较多、内容层次在两个或两个以上的复合句，亦可指含义较多的简单句。
2、汉英长句比较英、汉两种语言在句法上存在差异,英语多为形合句,汉语多为意合句。
汉语句子多属于紧缩型,英语的句子多属于扩展型.英语修辞语位置相对灵活,前置后置,比较自如,尤其倾向于后置,十分有利于句子的扩展。
英语句子较长,且较多使用关联词和从句。
多种从句(主语、状语、定语、表语从句)并存的长句比比皆是。
因为英语结构复杂,层次变化多样,容易产生误解,所以英语长句翻译成为难点。
3、英语长句的分析在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语（主干/句）, 从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。
例：Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。
(2) 该句共有五个谓语结构, 它们的谓语动词分别为suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience等。
译文：行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平4. 翻译方法4 . 1 顺译法Synchronizing有些英语长句叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，或按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，可按原文顺序译出。
例（1）In international buying and selling of goods, there are a number of risks, which, if they occur, will involve traders in financial losses.(在)国际贸易货物的买卖(中)存在着各种各样的风险，这些风险的发生将会给(有关的)商人们带来经济损失。
例（2）(1)In Africa I met a boy,(2) who was crying as if his heart would break and said,(3)when I spoketo him,(4)that he was hungry ,(5) because he had had no food for two days.(1)在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，(2)他哭得很伤心。
(3)我问他为什么哭，(4)他说肚子饿，(5)两天没有吃东西了。
例（3）The world is undergoing profound changes: the integration of economy with science and technology is increasing, the restructuring of the world economy is speeding up, and economic prosperity depends not only on the total volume of resources and capital, but also directly on the accumulation and application of technological knowledge and information.译文：世界正在发生深刻的变化：经济与科学技术的结合与日俱增；世界经济的重组加快步伐；经济繁荣不仅仅取决于资源和资本的总量，而且直接有赖于技术知识和信息的积累及其应用。
4.2 逆译法Reversing“逆译法”又称“倒置译法”，主要指句子的前后倒置问题。
有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反。
因为：表现在因果关系上，英语常常从果到因，强调果对主体的影响，而汉语则从因到果顺理推移，从解释到结论，从条件到结果。
在叙和议的关系上，英语一般先表态后叙事，而汉语一般先交代事情，后发表议论。
翻译时，我们必须从原文的后面译起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。
例（1）His delegation welcomed the fact that UNDP was prepared to respond to emergency needs as they rose, despite the basically long-term operations that characterized those programs.尽管联合国开发计划署的特点是开展长期业务活动，但是该机构也作了应急准备，对此，他的代表团表示欢迎。
例(2)This will remain true whether we are dealing with the application of psychology to advertising and political propaganda, or of engineering to the mass media of communication, or of medical science to the problem of overpopulation or old age.无论我们说的是把心理学应用于广告宣传和政治宣传，还是把工程学应用于大众传播媒体，或是把医学运用于人口过剩问题和老年问题，这种情况总是如此。
例（3）It should be the pressing task in international postal cooperation to actively help developing countries overcome difficulties in their development of postal services and to energetically narrow the gap between the developing and the developed countries in this field.积极帮助发展中国家克服邮政建设中面临的困难，努力缩小发展中国家与发达国家在邮政领域的差距，应成为国际邮政合作的当务之急。
例(4)It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型, 再往下学似乎就越来越难了, 这其中的原因, 也许教师比学生更容易理解。
例(5)Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们, 昆虫将吞噬我们所有的庄稼, 害死我们的牛羊家畜, 使我们不能生存于世。
例(6)Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位, 这在西方倒是人之常情。
4.3 拆离法SplittingThe so-called splitting means taking certain elements ( clause , phrase , or word ) out of a sentence and treating them separately. This technique is usually adopted when both cutting and embedding fail to work in dealing with long and complex sentences.有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切, 翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯, 把长句的从句或短语化成句子, 分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时需要适当增加词语。
Example（1）The number of the young people in the United States who can't read is incredible about one in four.原译：没有阅读能力的美国青年人的数目令人难以相信约为1/4。