week 15 篇章翻译

• 本人在香港创业二十余年，历尽艰辛，虽在事业 上略有成就，但也饱尝人世间的风风雨雨。每次 回乡总是得到家乡各级领导的热情接待，心头总 有一种温馨的感受，一种到家的感觉。 • It has been more than 20 years since I started my career in Hong Kong, where I have weathered through various hardships . My modest achievements in business also go along with multitudinous pains and tears. As a result, every time when I return to my hometown, where I am given warm receptions by the local government leaders, my heart will be over flown with tenderness and affection, for it gives me a feeling of home.
• What’s the teacher's image? On Teacher's Day, Sept.10, a group of teenage reporters from the middle school attached to Qinghua University took a poll on the street on seventy six passersby. Eighty six of those surveyed said that teachers should be held in high esteem because they are committed to the shaping of the younger generation, an undertaking crucial to achieving a higher level of education in China.
段落的连贯性
• 汉语：“意合” ，省略连接词，不同意思通过不同 的短句表达出来 • 英语：“形合”，借助词形变化表示各种语法关系， 逻辑性强，外形完整
虚词（如连接词、介词）
把汉语句子内含的逻辑关系用英语的连接词表达出来
从句以及独立主格
把汉语的流水句译成相互照应的简单句、复合句或复
杂句 非谓语动词（表目的、原因、伴随的动词译为不定式、 分词、名词、介词等） 把汉语的众多动词分清顺序或分清主次，编排成英语 的习惯表达
e.g. • according to和in accord with • It is important 和It is of importance • 甚至连冠词的用法都可以表示这种区别 The horse is a useful animal; A horse is a useful animal; Horses are useful animals。 第一种用定冠词加单数名词表示类属的是正式 用法，而用不定冠词加单数名词表示类属的则为 公共核心语，最后一种，复数泛指的类属表示法 则为非正式语体。
下午，我到图书馆，借出一本书。然后，回家吃饭。 吃饭后，我把书打开，我十分烦恼，原来这本书不是我要 借的书。我就是这号人：拿出一本书不看就走。我不能怪 别人，只能怪自己。 • I went to the library in the afternoon. I took out a book. Then I put the book under my arm. I went home to eat supper. I opened the book after supper. Then I discovered that it was not the book I wanted. I was greatly annoyed. I was such a kind of man: I always take a book while I do not look at it. I had nobody to blame but myself. • In the afternoon, after borrowing a book from the library, I went back home for supper. What depressed me was that I didn’t find that it was the wrong book until after supper. That is what I am like: I take a book and run away without even a glance on it. There is nobody else to blame but myself. •
Translation at discourse level
篇章翻译
•
山谷顶端，残留着一座道教建筑，名叫“黄龙古寺”。 寺前有一溶洞，深邃莫测。寺后有一石峰，除碑檐外，几 乎被碳酸钙沉积淹没，碑文已不可辨认。 • On the hill top stands the Yellow Dragon Monastery, a Taoist retreat built in the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644). A karst cave lies before it, and a stone tablet was erected behind. All but the top of the tablet has been eroded by calcium carbonate, and the inscriptions have become unreadable. • On top of the hill stands the Yellow Dragon Monastery, a Ming Dynasty(1368-1644) structure for a Taoist retreat. In front of the monastery is a karst cave of infinite depth, and behind it stands a stone tablet, all but the top having been eroded by calcium carbonate and the inscriptions on the tablet hardly distinguishable.
There was a lively debate among the workers. They
discussed enthusiastically. There was hardly a dissenting voice. There was full agreement on the subject in the end.
• 9月10日是教师节。教师在人们的心目
中究竟是什么样子呢？清华附中的小记
者走出校门，采访了76位路人。采访发
现，83%的人认为老师肩负着培养下一
代的重任，是提高全民族文化素质的决
定因素，值得尊敬。
• Sept.10 is Teachers Day. What is the image of teachers in people's heart? Little reporters from the middle school attached to Qinghua University walked out of their school gate and interviewed 76 passersby. The interview shows that 83% people think that teachers shoulder the important task of educating the next generation, they are the decisive factor of improving the whole people's cultural level, and they are worth of being respected.
After a lively debate on the subject, all the workers came to
agreement without even a dissenting voice .
避免ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้复主语
如果一段文字中连续使用某一
主语
翻译时应尽量减少它的使用频
率而变换另外的说法
正午时分，我们野宴于密林深处，林中小溪潺潺 流过，溪水清澈，岸边树竹，天上闲云，尽映水底。
汉英翻译也要特别注意主述位信息的层层推进， 但因为中文语法的无规则性，理解原文时要特别注 意。 e.g. 三年前，他因加入了盗窃团伙而被判刑三年，在 劳改农场，因表现突出被提前一年释放。 Three years ago, he was arrested and sentenced to three years' reform through labor for joining a gang of thieves. When he worked on the reformatory, he behaved himself so well that he got released one year earlier.
•
信息的传递一般都遵循由已知信息引导出未知信息的， 表示已知信息的部分叫主位(Theme)，表示未知信息的部 分叫述位(Rheme),而主述位的不断推进是有一定规律的， 如果破坏了这种规律，语言就不那么顺，也就是破坏了衔 接与连贯。
e.g. At noon, we picnicked in a dense forest, through which ran a murmuring creek. The water was so clear that we could see reflections of bamboos and trees and soft lazy clouds drifting across the sky. a. At noon (theme) → picnic, forest, creek b. Water (creek 已知信息 ) → reflections