东华理工大学专业英语

1.System,according to Webster’s dictionary, is defined as “a set or arrangement of things so related or connected as to form a unit or organic whole; as, a solar system, irrigation system, supply system, the world or universe”.

系统，根据韦氏字典，定义为““系统”，一组或一系列能形成一个整体或者有机整体的相互关联的事物。;像太阳能系统，灌溉系统，供电系统，世界或宇宙”。

2.Pollution, an undesirable change in the physical，chemical，or biological characteristics of the air，water，or land that can harmfully affect the health，survival，or activities of humans or other living organisms.

“污染”，有害影响健康，生存，活动的人或其它生物体的空气，水，或土地的物理，化学或生物特性的不应该有的变化。

3.A number of different environmental problems are associated with water, air, or land systems. Many of these problems will apply only within one of these systems, justifying the breakdown into these categories. Such classification is also useful for easier comprehension of related problems within one system.

许多不同的环境问题与水体,大气,陆地系统有关。由于有些环境问题仅仅与这三大系统之中的某一个系统有关，因此将环境问题归结为这三大系统的问题,是情有可原的。这种对于环境问题的分类方式有利于理解某一个系统内出现

的环境问题。

4.Unfortunately, many important environmental problems are not confined to an air, water, or land system, but involve interactions between systems. A current example is the acid rain problem stemming from the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide gases into the atmosphere from the stacks of generating stations, smelters, and automobile exhausts.

不幸的是，许多重要的环境问题并不仅仅限于大气，水体以及陆地系统中的某一个系统，而是涉及不同系统间的相互作用。从发电厂，冶炼炉以及汽车尾气管中排放出的二氧化硫和氧化氮气体所产生的酸雨这是最近的一个例子

5. With these improvements, however, have come disturbing side effects, such as lost arable land, disappearing forests, environmental pollution, and new organisms resistant to controls.

有了这些改进，然而，带来了令人不安的副作用，如失去了耕地，森林消失，环境污染，新的生物抗控制。

6.The municipal technology of ancient cities seems to have been forgotten for many centuries by those who built cities throughout Europe. Water supply and waste disposal were neglected, resulting in many outbreaks of dysentery, cholera, typhoid, and other waterborne diseases. 古代城市的市级技术似乎已被那些建造的城市遍及欧洲的人遗忘了许多个世纪。水供应和废物处理被忽视，导致许多暴发痢疾，霍乱，伤寒，和其他水性疾病。

7.Our vast and swiftly growing population consumes the Earth’s resources of agricultural land, minerals, water, and fuel faster than natural processes can replace them. This is a serious problem in itself. But global conditions are further endangered because these resources are not distributed evenly.

我们庞大而迅速增长的人口消耗地球的农业土地，矿产，水和燃料资源的速度比自然过程再生它们要快。这本身就是一个严重的问题。但是，全球环境进一步受到威胁，因为这些资源的分布并不均匀。

8.When health is improved and infant mortality is reduced, a population explosion may result. To feed this growing pollution, natural habitats are often destroyed by turning them into farmland. 当健康状况得到改善，婴儿死亡率降低，可能会导致人口爆炸。为了支撑这个日益增长的人口提供食物，经常把自然界动植物的生长环境变为农田，结果破换了生态环境

9.Overpopulation may be defined as the presence in a given area of more people than can be supported adequately by the resources available in that area.

过剩人口可以被定义为存在一个更多人的给定面积与可以充分支持在这方面可用的资源的比。(不确定)在给定面积上的人超过了该土地上所能维持的人数

10.Serious air pollution usually results over a city or other area that is emitting high levels of pollutants during a period of air stagnation. The geographic location of some heavily populated cities, such as Los Angeles and Mexico City, makes them particularly susceptible to frequent air stagnation and pollution buildup.

严重的空气污染通常会牵涉到一个城市或者地区，这是在空气滞留的一段时间内排放超标的污染物。一些人口非常稠密的城市的地理位置，例如洛杉矶和墨西哥城的地理位置，使得它们经常特别易受空气流动停滞和污积物增加的影响。

11.By themselves, measured concentrations tell us nothing about the danger caused by pollutants, because threshold levels, synergy, and biological magnification are also determining factors. 测量的浓度自身并未告诉我们有关污染物造成的危害的信息，因为临界浓度，协同作用和生物放大效应都是决定因素。

12.To escape the smog you might go home, close the doors and windows, and breathe in clean air. But a number of scientists have found that the air inside homes and offices is often more polluted and dangerous than outdoor air on a smoggy day.

为了逃避烟雾，你可能会回家，关闭门窗，呼吸清新的空气。但是，一些科学家已经发现，在一个烟雾弥漫的日子家庭和办公室内的空气往往比室外空气污染更严重、更危险。