手机的发展史(英文版)
iPhone的发展历史(英文翻译)
History of the iPhoneDevelopment of the iPhone began in 2005 with Apple CEO Steve Jobs' direction that Apple engineers investigate touchscreens.He also steered the original focus away from a tablet, like the iPad, and towards a phone. Apple created the device during a secretive collaboration with AT&T Mobility—Cingular Wireless at the time—at an estimated development cost of US$150 million over thirty months.Apple rejected the "design by committee" approach that had yielded the Motorola ROKR E1, a largely unsuccessful collaboration with Motorola. Instead, Cingular gave Apple the liberty to develop the iPhone's hardware and software in-house and even paid Apple a fraction of its monthly service revenue (until the iPhone 3G),in exchange for four years of exclusive U.S. sales, until 2011.Jobs unveiled the iPhone to the public on January 9, 2007, at the Macworld 2007 convention at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. The iPhone went on sale in the United States on June 29, 2007, at 6:00 pm local time, while hundreds of customers lined up outside the stores nationwide.The passionate reaction to the launch of the iPhone resulted in sections of the media christening it the 'Jesus phone'. The original iPhone was made available in the UK, France, and Germany in November 2007, and Ireland and Austria in the spring of 2008.Worldwide iPhone availability:iPhone was available since its original releaseiPhone was available since the release of iPhone 3GComing soon On July 11, 2008, Apple released the iPhone 3G in twenty-two countries, including the original six. Apple released the iPhone 3G in upwards of eighty countries and territories. Apple announced the iPhone 3GS on June 8, 2009, along with plans to release it later in June, July, and August, starting with the U.S., Canada and major European countries on June 19. Many would-be users objected to the iPhone's cost, and 40% of users have household incomes over US$100,000.In an attempt to gain a wider market, Apple retained the 8 GB iPhone 3G at a lower price. When Apple introduced the iPhone 4, the 3GS became the less expensive model. Apple reduced the price several times since the iPhone's release in 2007, at which time an 8 GB iPhone 4 sold for $599. An iPhone 3GS with the same capacity now has no cost to the customer, as of the release of the iPhone 4S. However, these numbers are misleading, since all iPhone units sold through AT&T require a two-year contract costing several thousand dollars, including an early termination fee, and a SIM lock.Apple sold 6.1 million original iPhone units over five quarters.Recorded sales have been growing steadily thereafter, and by the end of fiscal year 2010, a total of 73.5 million iPhones were sold. By 2010/2011, the iPhone had a market share of barely 4% of all cellphones, but Apple still pulls in more than 50% of the total profit that global cellphone sales generate. Sales in Q4 2008 surpassed temporarily those of RIM's BlackBerry sales of 5.2 million units, which made Apple briefly the third largest mobile phone manufacturer by revenue, after Nokia and Samsung.Approximately 6.4 million iPhones are active in the U.S. alone.While iPhone sales constitute a significant portion of Apple's revenue, some of this income is deferred.Three generations of iPhone, shown from behind. Left to right: original, white 3G, black 4.The back of the original iPhone was made of aluminum with a black plastic accent. The iPhone 3G and 3GS feature a full plastic back to increase the strength of the GSM signal.The iPhone 3G was available in an 8 GB black model, or a black or white option for the 16 GB model. They both are now discontinued. The iPhone 3GS was available in both colors, regardless of storage capacity.The white model was discontinued in favor of a black 8 GB low-end model. The iPhone 4 has an aluminosilicate glass front and back with a stainless steel edge that serves as the antennas. It was at first available in black; the white version was announced, but not released until April 2011, 10 months later.The iPhone has garnered positive reviews from such critics as David Pogue and Walter Mossberg. The iPhone attracts users of all ages, and, besides consumer use, the iPhone has also been adopted for business purposes.Users of the iPhone 4 reported dropped/disconnected telephone calls when holding their phones in a certain way. This became known as antennagate.On January 11, 2011, Verizon announced during a media event that it had reached an agreement with Apple and would begin selling a CDMA2000 iPhone 4. V erizon said it would be available for pre-order on February 3, with a release set for February 10.In February 2011, the Verizon iPhone accounted for 4.5 percent of all iPhone ad impressions[vague] in the U.S. on Millennial Media's mobile ad network. On March 2, 2011, at the iPad 2 event, Apple announced that they have sold 100 million iPhones worldwide.On Tuesday, September 27, Apple sent invitations for a press event to be held October 4, 2011 at 10:00 am at the Cupertino Headquarters to announce details of the next generation iPhone, which turned out to be iPhone 4S. Over 1 million 4S models were sold in the first 24 hours after its release in October 2011.Due to large volumes of the iPhone being manufactured and the its high selling price, Apple became the largest mobile handset vendor in the world by revenue, in 2011, surpassing long-time leader Nokia; however, later that year, it was surpassed by Samsung, a major manufacturer of Android phones.American carrier C Spire Wireless announced that it would be carrying the iPhone 4S on October 19, 2011. In February 2012, ComScore reported that 12.4% of US mobile subscribers use an iPhone. The iPhone 4S launch was also the biggest launch for any smartphone in the history of mobile device market.iPhone的发展历史2005年，苹果公司首席执行官史蒂夫·乔布斯在苹果公司的工程师调查过触屏的背景和发展过后给iPhone发展指明了方向，并开始iPhone开发。
手机的发展历史简介英语作文
手机的发展历史简介英语作文The Evolution of Mobile Phones.The journey of mobile phones, also known as cell phones or handsets, is a fascinating tale that spans over several decades,见证着 remarkable technological advancements and profound societal changes. From their humble beginnings as bulky devices with limited functionality to their current incarnation as sleek, powerful tools that are essential to modern life, mobile phones have transformed the way we communicate, work, and娱乐.The Early Years: Analog Phones and the Mobile Revolution.The first mobile phone systems emerged in the 1970s, utilizing analog technology. These early devices were bulky and heavy, often weighing several pounds. They offered basic communication capabilities, allowing users to make and receive calls while within the coverage area of asingle cellular tower. Despite their size and limitations, these phones marked a significant milestone in the history of mobile technology, as they provided mobility and convenience that had never been seen before.The 1980s: Digital Transformation and Wider Availability.The 1980s marked a significant turning point in mobile phone technology with the transition to digital signals. This shift resulted in clearer calls, better coverage, and the ability to transmit data in addition to voice. Digital technology also paved the way for the development of smaller, lighter phones that were more portable and user-friendly. By the end of the decade, mobile phones became more widely available and accessible, particularly with the introduction of prepaid and contract-based service plans.The 1990s: The Rise of the Smartphone.The 1990s saw the emergence of the first smartphones, which combined the functionality of a mobile phone withadvanced computing capabilities. These early smartphones featured touchscreens, web browsing capabilities, and a range of applications that allowed users to perform tasks beyond basic telephony. The introduction of the iPhone in 2007 marked a watershed moment in smartphone technology, as it revolutionized the design, functionality, and user experience of mobile devices.The 2000s and Beyond: The Era of Rapid Innovation and Ubiquitous Connectivity.The 2000s and beyond have been marked by rapid innovation and the widespread adoption of smartphones. The proliferation of high-speed internet access, particularly through 4G and 5G networks, has transformed mobile phones into powerful tools for accessing information, entertainment, and social media. Smartphones now feature advanced cameras, powerful processors, and vast storage capabilities, allowing users to perform a wide range of tasks from shopping and banking to streaming media and gaming.The impact of mobile phones on society has been profound. They have revolutionized the way we communicate, stay connected, and access information. Mobile phones have also transformed various industries, including entertainment, media, and finance, by enabling new business models and services. Furthermore, they have played acrucial role in bridging the digital divide, providing access to technology and information to those who may have been previously excluded.In conclusion, the evolution of mobile phones is a remarkable testament to the power of technology and innovation. From their humble beginnings as bulky analog devices to their current incarnation as powerful,intelligent tools, mobile phones have transformed the way we live, work, and娱乐. As we look to the future, it is exciting to imagine the new possibilities and advancements that lie ahead in the world of mobile technology.。
苹果发展史英文展示
MacOSX
iPad
History of "2003"
iPad MiNi
History of "2004-2006"
iPad MiNi
History of "2007-2009"
iPhone
History of "2010"
iPad
History of "2011"
A wise words of Jobs
The only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. that you would kII)
History of "1980-1983"
Apple Lisa
History of "1984"
Apple Macintosh
History of "1985-1986"
Apple lays off 1200 employees. Stephen Jobs officially resigns as chairman of Apple. Apple sues Steve Jobs. Apple drops suit against Jobs & he founded NeXT. Inc.
Timeline of the Apple Inc.
手机的发展历史简介英语作文
手机的发展历史简介英语作文英文回答：History of Mobile Phone Development.The concept of mobile communication has been around for centuries, with early forms including the telegraph and radio. However, the development of the modern mobile phone as we know it began in the 1970s.1973: Motorola DynaTAC 8000X.The first truly portable mobile phone, the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X, was introduced in 1973. It weighed over 2 pounds and had a talk time of just 30 minutes.1983: Commercial Mobile Phone Launch.In 1983, the first commercial mobile phone network was launched in Japan by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT).The phones used in this network were analog and bulky, but they paved the way for future developments.1990s: Digital Mobile Phones.The 1990s saw the introduction of digital mobile phones, which offered better sound quality, longer battery life,and more features than analog phones. The first digital mobile phone standard, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), was launched in 1991.2000s: Smartphones and 3G Networks.The early 2000s marked the advent of smartphones, which combined the functionality of a mobile phone with the capabilities of a personal computer. In 2002, Research In Motion (RIM) released the BlackBerry 9500, one of the first smartphones.Around the same time, 3G (third-generation) mobile networks were introduced, offering faster data speeds and improved mobile broadband capabilities.2010s: 4G and 5G Networks.The 2010s witnessed the development and deployment of4G (fourth-generation) mobile networks, which provided even faster data speeds and expanded the possibilities formobile applications and services.In recent years, 5G (fifth-generation) mobile networks have emerged, promising ultra-fast data speeds, low latency, and enhanced connectivity for a wide range of devices.Current State of Mobile Phone Development.Today, mobile phones are an indispensable part of modern life. They offer a wide range of features and functionalities, including voice calls, text messaging, internet access, social media, and location-based services.The mobile phone industry is constantly evolving, with new technologies and innovations emerging all the time. As mobile networks continue to improve and the capabilities ofmobile devices expand, we can expect to see even more transformative applications and services in the years to come.中文回答：手机发展历史。
智能手机的进化史(英文作文)
Certainly! Below is an English essay on the topic "The Evolution of Smartphones", tracing the transformative journey of smartphones from their early beginnings to the sophisticated devices they are today.The Evolution of Smartphones: From Clunky Gadgets to Pockets of PowerIn a mere few decades, smartphones have evolved from bulky, single-purpose devices to indispensable companions that fit comfortably in our pockets. This essay charts the remarkable transformation of smartphones, exploring the technological advancements and milestones that have shaped their evolution.Dawn of the Mobile Age: The First GenerationThe story of smartphones begins in the late 20th century, with the introduction of the IBM Simon in 1994, often cited as the world’s first smartphone. It featured a touch screen, fax, email, and could send and receive calls. However, its large size and limited functionality were far from the sleek devices we know today. The turn of the millennium saw the rise of the Nokia Communicator series and BlackBerry devices, which brought email and internet connectivity to mobile phones, albeit with cumbersome interfaces and limited processing power.The Touchscreen Revolution: The Arrival of the iPhoneThe game-changer came in 2007 with the launch of Apple’s iPhone. With its multi-touch interface, wide screen, and integration of internet capabilities, the iPhone redefined what a phone could do. It was not just a communication device; it was a computer in your pocket. This marked the beginning of the touchscreen revolution, where smartphones became more intuitive and user-friendly, paving the way for a plethora of apps that would soon transform the mobile landscape.The Android Invasion: Democratizing the SmartphoneFollowing the iPhone’s lead, Google launched the Android operating system in 2008. Unlike iOS, which was exclusive to Apple devices, Android was open-source, allowing manufacturers to customize it for a variety of hardware. This democratization led to a surge in smartphone availability, with brands like Samsung, HTC, and Huawei offering devices that catered to different price points and preferences. The Android ecosystem quickly grew, offering a robust app store and frequent updates that kept pace with evolving technology trends.The Era of Innovation: Advancements and EnhancementsThe mid-to-late 2010s witnessed a flurry of innovations that pushed the boundaries of smartphone design and capability. High-resolution displays, advanced camera systems, biometric security features (such as fingerprint and facial recognition), and increased storage capacity became standard. Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms improved the user experience, from optimizing battery life to enhancing photo and video editing capabilities.The Future of Smartphones: Looking AheadAs we stand on the cusp of the next decade, the future of smartphones promises to be even more exciting. Emerging technologies like foldable screens, 5G connectivity, and augmented reality are poised to redefine what we expect from our devices. Moreover, the focus is shifting towards sustainability, with manufacturers exploring eco-friendly materials and modular designs that allow for easier repair and recycling. Conclusion: The Journey ContinuesFrom clunky gadgets to pockets of power, the evolution of smartphones is a testament to human ingenuity and the relentless pursuit of innovation. As we look to the future,it’s clear that smartphones will continue to evolve, becoming even more integrated into our daily lives. Whether it’s through enhanced connectivity, advanced AI, or sustainable design, the next chapter in the smartphone saga promises to be as transformative as the last.This essay traces the evolution of smartphones from their early prototypes to the advanced devices of today, highlighting key milestones and technological advancements. If you have any specific aspects or future predictions related to smartphone technology that you're interested in exploring further, feel free to ask!。
手机发展史英文版
The first folding mobile phone
The word “palm pilot” has an unshakable position in the heart of many first generation mobile phone users in China. It completely changed the people’s traditional image of mobile phones. And it’s appear have laid the Motorola’s dominance position in the field of folding mobile phone.
The first dual-band mobile phone
• The measurement of Nokia 6150 is 129 × 47 × 28mm and it weights 142g.It is applicable to GSM900MHz/1800MH z network. And it has blue and red two optional colors .
The first Bluetooth – enabled mobile phone
Nokia 6110
The first double screen mobile phone
• Folding phone is certainly likable .But it must open the phone to see who is calling or clock each time, it is too inconvenient . To solve this problem , many manufacturers continually launched its own double screen phone. Undoubtedly Samsung SGH-A288 walks in the front. SGH-A288 cell phone followed the folding ultrasmall, ultra-light design , the volume is only 79X38X23 mm and weighs only 77 grams.
苹果发展史英文改进版
Apple发展史
In 1991, Apple released Powerbook 100, this is the first part of the portable computer. It weighs only 17 pounds, with 12 hours of battery life. Apple also released 7 system, this is one of them in the latest update of the operating system, with a variety of colors, and updated their software.
In 1998, Apple released the bubble like other iMac desktop computer, at the same time, there are a variety of colors to choose from, in the first 5 months after the sale price of about $8000. Apple bought Macromedia Final Cut software.
• This is probably going to out iphone air or call it iphone6.
End
Apple发展史
In 2006, Apple's own development processing chip. Therefore, the apple with Mac Pro, MacBook and anMacBook Pro instead of Power Mac, iBook and PowerBook.
最新手机的发展历史-大学英文演讲
①②手机发展史With the modern technology developing,the mobile phone becomes more and more popular in our life.Sometimes we find out that we could hardly do anything without it.The idea for cell phones has been around for a lot longer than the technology to make them. As soon as the first landlines (固定电话) came into use, people had the idea of improving the convenience of this new communication medium, and of bringing it to new areas such as cars. In 1995 mobile phones used to look like this, huge in size and with a pretty long antenna. It is similar to today’s cordless phone. It must seem real odd to us now, but back then this cell phone were the craze of the day.1995年，那时移动电话类似于这个样子，体型巨大并携带一根长长的天线。
它类似于今天的无线电话。
现在看这款手机肯定感觉非常奇怪，但当时这款手机是非常时尚的。
In 1999, mobile phones were given a more compact look. The above image shows a Nokia phone, features cool colours, internal antenna and better graphics in a much smaller package than previous phones.1999年，手机的外观更加紧凑。
手机的发展史(英文版)
The world's first mobile phone
—DynaTAC 8000X
• October 13, 1983, Ameritech company executives Bob Barnett stopped his car at the Chicago Soldier Field outside the stadium, called the United States the first ever commercial mobile phone, its model DynaTAC 8000X is composed of Motorola production, weighs 2 pounds, talk time of half an hour, the sales pric手e机o的发f 展$史3(9英9文版5)。
手机的发展史(英文版)
The first antenna monoblock mobile phone
• The first antenna monoblock mobile phone is the Nokia 3210. In 1999, it appears that Nokia straight machine it is the domestic firm footing, but also for the 2000 Nokia 8210 huge success laid a solid foundation for the market.
The first flip type mobile phone
Motorola 8900
• Motorola 8900 commonly known as the " brick", 80 time end begins to enter the Chinese market of mobile communication of the first generation of new mobile phone, can also be used for selfdefense. Though ugly in one's appearance, but it is the first lid type mobile phone. As the belt cover, in your pocket will not accidentally touched a key the starting signal Motorola Company and later, in the early 90's introduced a successor to the 8900 products in 9900, because of its small size, lightweight and durable, was the female whitecollar 's pet. But it and type 8900, the nickel cadmium battery, power is too small. Before 1995, has been leading the mobile phone fashion, the highestБайду номын сангаасprice ever amounted to 20000 yuan.
手机的发展历史简介英语作文
手机的发展历史简介英语作文English: The development history of mobile phones can be traced back to the late 19th century when Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. The first handheld mobile phone call was made in 1973 by Martin Cooper, a Motorola researcher. In the following decades, mobile phones evolved from bulky, expensive devices with limited functionality to sleek, affordable smartphones with advanced features like internet access, cameras, and GPS. The introduction of text messaging in the 1990s revolutionized the way people communicated, leading to the popularity of mobile phones as essential tools for staying connected. Today, smartphones have become ubiquitous in modern society, with billions of people around the world relying on them for everyday tasks like socializing, shopping, and navigation.中文翻译: 手机的发展历史可以追溯到19世纪末，亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明了电话。
手机的发展历史简介英语作文
The Evolution of Mobile Phones: A BriefHistoryThe journey of mobile phones from their humble beginnings to the sleek, smart devices we carry today is a fascinating tale of technological advancements. Spanning over several decades, this evolution has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate.In the early 1980s, the first mobile phones were introduced, known as analog cell phones. These bulky devices were the size of a brick and required the user to dial a specific number to connect to the cellular network. The range and quality of calls were limited, and the cost was prohibitive for most consumers.The 1990s marked a significant milestone with the advent of digital mobile phones. These phones offeredbetter sound quality, longer battery life, and reduced costs. The development of GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) technology further expanded the reach of mobile phones, making them more accessible and affordable.By the turn of the century, smartphones began to emerge, marking a seismic shift in the mobile phone industry. These devices combined the functionality of a computer with the portability of a phone, offering features like web browsing, email, and a range of applications. The release of theApple iPhone in 2007 heralded a new era of smartphones,with its intuitive touchscreen interface and rich ecosystem of apps.Since then, the pace of innovation in mobile phones has been rapid. Smartphones have become thinner, lighter, and more powerful, with advances in processing power, display technology, and camera capabilities. The introduction of 4G and 5G networks has further transformed mobile phones into powerful tools for streaming content, gaming, and working remotely.Today, mobile phones are no longer just phones. Theyare personal assistants, entertainment devices, cameras,and more. They have become essential to our daily lives, connecting us to the world and enabling us to do more than ever before.The future of mobile phones looks even more exciting. With the advent of new technologies like augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and foldable displays, we can expect mobile phones to continue to evolve and offer new ways to enhance our lives.**手机发展历史简介**手机从最初的简陋形态发展到如今我们手中的精致智能设备，其发展历程是一部令人着迷的科技进步史。
手机发展史英语作文初三
手机发展史英语作文初三英文回答：The history of mobile phones can be traced back to the early days of the 20th century, when the first attempts were made to develop wireless communication devices. In 1908, the American inventor Nathan Stubblefield invented a wireless telephone that could transmit voice over a distance of about 20 miles (32 kilometers). However, this device was not practical for commercial use, as it was too large and bulky to be portable.In the 1940s, the development of transistors led to the miniaturization of electronic devices, making it possible to develop portable wireless telephones. In 1954, the first commercial mobile phone was introduced by Motorola. This phone was called the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X, and it weighed about 2.5 pounds (1.1 kilograms). The DynaTAC 8000X was a brick-like device with a limited battery life and a range of about 30 miles (48 kilometers).In the 1980s, the development of cellular networks led to the widespread adoption of mobile phones. Cellular networks divided geographic areas into small cells, each of which was served by a base station. This allowed mobile phones to connect to the network and communicate with each other, even when they were moving.In the 1990s, the introduction of digital cellular networks led to a further improvement in mobile phone technology. Digital networks allowed for more efficient use of the available spectrum, which increased the capacity of the network and reduced the cost of calls.In the 2000s, the development of smartphones led to a revolution in mobile phone technology. Smartphones are mobile phones that are equipped with powerful processors, large displays, and a wide range of features, including internet access, email, and GPS navigation.In recent years, the development of 4G and 5G cellular networks has led to further improvements in mobile phonetechnology. 4G networks offer faster data speeds and lower latency, while 5G networks offer even faster speeds and lower latency. These advances have made it possible to use mobile phones for a wide range of applications, including video streaming, gaming, and virtual reality.中文回答：手机发展史。
关于手机的历史和现状的研究报告作文
关于手机的历史和现状的研究报告作文英文版A Research Report on the History and Current Status of Mobile PhonesMobile phones, once a luxury item, have become a ubiquitous presence in our daily lives. This research report aims to delve into the history and current status of mobile phones, examining their evolution, impact, and future prospects.HistoryThe journey of mobile phones began in the early 1980s, with the launch of the first commercial mobile phone system, known as the Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS). These early phones were bulky, expensive, and had limited functionality, primarily serving as mobile extensions of landline phones.In the late 1990s, the advent of the second-generation (2G) mobile phones marked a significant milestone. These phones offered enhanced features like text messaging, web browsing,and email capabilities. The release of the iPhone in 2007 further revolutionized the mobile phone industry, introducing touchscreens, apps, and a range of new functionalities.Current StatusToday, mobile phones have evolved into highly sophisticated devices, offering a wide array of features and capabilities. Smartphones, in particular, have become a central hub for communication, entertainment, and information. With the advent of 5G technology, mobile phones now offer faster internet speeds, enhanced streaming capabilities, and a seamless user experience.Mobile phones have also had a profound impact on society. They have transformed the way we communicate, stay connected, and access information. They have also given rise to new industries and business models, such as mobile apps, online shopping, and digital payments.Future ProspectsLooking ahead, the future of mobile phones is promising. With the development of new technologies like 6G and the Internet of Things (IoT), mobile phones are expected to become even more intelligent and interconnected. We can expect even faster internet speeds, enhanced augmented reality capabilities, and a more seamless user experience.Mobile phones will also play a pivotal role in shaping the future of various industries. For instance, they are expected to play a crucial role in areas like healthcare, education, and transportation, enabling remote monitoring, personalized learning experiences, and smart transportation systems.In conclusion, mobile phones have come a long way from their humble beginnings as bulky and expensive devices to become an indispensable part of our daily lives. As we enter the future, it is exciting to imagine the possibilities and opportunities that mobile phones will bring.中文版关于手机的历史和现状的研究报告手机，一度是奢侈品，如今已成为我们日常生活中无处不在的存在。
手机火车汉字发展史英文版
手机火车汉字发展史英文版手机发展史英文版The history of mobile phones begins with early efforts to develop radio telephone technology and from two-way radios in vehicles and continues through emergence of modern mobile phones and associated services.Radiophones have a long and varied history going back to Reginald Fessenden's invention and shore-to-ship demonstration of radio telephony, through the Second World War with military use of radio telephony links and civil services in the 1950s, while hand-held mobile radio devices have been available since 1973. Mobile phone history is often divided into generations (first, second, third and so on) to mark significant step changes in capabilities as the technology improved over the years.Contents [hide]1 Pioneers of radio telephony2 Emergence of commercial mobile phone services3 First generation: Cellular networks4 Second generation: Digital networks5 Third generation: High speed IP data networks6 Growth of mobile broadband and the emergence of 4G7 Patents8 See also9 Notes10 References11 External links[edit] Pioneers of radio telephonyIn 1908, . Patent 887,357 for a wireless telephone was issued to Nathan B. Stubblefield of Murray, Kentucky. He applied this patent to "cave radio" telephones and not directly to cellular telephony as the term is currently understood.[1] In 1910 Lars Magnus Ericsson installed a telephone in his car, although this was not a radio telephone. While travelling across the country, he would stop at a place where telephone lines were accessible and using a pair of long electric wires he could connect to the national telephone network.[2] In Europe, radio telephony was first used on thefirst-class passenger trains between Berlin and Hamburg in 1926. At the same time, radio telephony was introduced on passenger airplanes for air traffic security. Later radio telephony was introduced on a large scale in German tanks during the Second World War. After the war German police in the British zone of occupation first used disused tank telephony equipment to runthe first radio patrol cars.[citation needed] In all of these cases the service was confined to specialists that were trained to use the equipment. In the early 1950s ships on the Rhine were among the first to use radio telephony with an untrained end customer as a user.Two-way radios (known as mobile rigs) were used in vehicles such as taxicabs, police cruisers, and ambulances, but were not mobile phones because they were not normally connected to the telephone network. Users could not dial phone numbers from their vehicles. A large community of mobile radio users, known as the mobileers, popularized the technology that would eventually give way to the mobile phone. Originally, mobile two-way radios were permanently installed in vehicles, but later versions such as the so-called transportables or "bag phones" were equipped with a cigarette lighter plug so that they could also be carried, and thus could be used as either mobile or as portable two-way radios. During the early 1940s, Motorola developed a backpacked two-way radio, the Walkie-Talkie and later developed a large hand-held two-way radio for the US military. This battery powered "Handie-Talkie" (HT) was about the size of a man's forearm.In 1946 soviet engineers G. Shapiro and I. Zaharchenko successfully tested their version of a radio mobile phone mounted inside a car. The device could connect to local telephone network with a range of up to 20 kilometers.Top of cellular telephone towerIn December 1947, Douglas H. Ring and W. Rae Young, Bell Labs engineers, proposed hexagonal cells for mobile phones in vehicles.[3] Philip T. Porter, also of Bell Labs, proposed that the cell towers be at the corners of the hexagons rather than the centers and have directional antennas that would transmit/receive in three directions (see picture at right) into three adjacent hexagon cells.[4] The technology did not exist then and the frequencies had not yet been allocated. Cellular technology was undeveloped until the 1960s, when Richard H. Frenkiel and Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs developed the electronics.During the 1950s the experiments of the pioneers started to appear as usable services across society, both commercially and culturally. In the 1954 movie Sabrina, the businessman Linus Larrabee (played by Humphrey Bogart) makes a call from the phone in the back of his limousine.In 1957 young Soviet radio engineer Leonid Kupriyanovich from Moscow created the portable mobile phone, named afterhimself as LK-1 or "radiophone".[5] This true mobile phone consisted of a relatively small-sized handset equipped with an antenna and rotary dial, and communicated with a base station. Kupriyanovich's "radiophone" had 3 kilogram of total weight, could operate up to 20 or 30 kilometers, and had 20 or 30 hours of battery lifespan. LK-1 and its layout was depicted in popular Soviet magazines as Nauka i zhizn, 8, 1957, p. 49, Yuniy technik, 7, 1957, p. 43–44. Engineer Kupriyanovich patented his mobile phone in the same year 1957 (author's certificate (USSR Patent) # 115494, The base station of LK-1 (called ATR, or Automated Telephone Radiostation) could connect to local telephone network and serve several customers.In 1958, Kupriyanovich resized his "radiophone" to "pocket" version. The weight of improved "light" handset was about 500 grams.In 1967, each mobile phone had to stay within the cell area serviced by one base station throughout the phone call. This did not provide continuity of automatic telephone service to mobile phones moving through several cell areas.In 1969, a patent for a wireless phone using an acoustic coupler for incoming calls was issued in US Patent Number3,449,750 to George Sweigert of Euclid, Ohio on June 10, 1969. Dialing a number for outgoing calls was not provided.The concepts of frequency reuse and handoff, as well as a number of other concepts that formed the basis of modern cell phone technology, were described in the 1970s. In 1970 Amos E. Joel, Jr., another Bell Labs engineer,[6] invented an automatic "call handoff" system to allow mobile phones to move through several cell areas during a single conversation without loss of conversation. Also Fluhr and Nussbaum,[7] Hachenburg et al.[8] , and . Patent 4,152,647, issued May 1, 1979 to Charles A. Gladden and Martin H. Parelman, both of Las Vegas, Nevada and assigned by them to the United States Government.汉字发展史英文版In the last 50 or so years, inscriptions have been found on pottery in a variety of locations in China such as Bànpō near Xī'ān, as well as on bone and bone marrows at Hualouzi, Chang'an County near Xi'an. These simple, often geometric marks have been frequently compared to some of the earliest known Chinese characters, on the oracle bones, and some have taken them to mean that the history of Chinese writing extends back over six millennia.However, because these marks occur singly, without any context to imply, and because they are generally extremely crude and simple, Qiú Xīguī (2000, p. 31) concluded that "we do not have any basis for stating that these constituted writing, nor is there reason to conclude that they were ancestral to Shang dynasty Chinese characters." Isolated graphs and pictures continue to be found periodically, frequently accompanied by media reports pushing back the purported beginnings of Chinese writing a few thousand years. For example, at Damaidi in Ningxia, 3,172 pictorial cliff carvings dating to 6000–5000 BC have been discovered, leading to headlines such as "Chinese writing '8,000 years old.'"[6] Similarly, archaeologists report finding a few inscribed symbols on tortoise shells at the Neolithic site of Jiahu in Henan, dated to around 6,600–6,200 BCE, leading to headlines of "'Earliest writing' found in China.[7]In his comment released to the BBC, Professor David Keightley urged caution in the latter instance, pointing to the lack of any direct cultural connection to Shāng culture, combined with gaps between them of many millennia. However, in the same BBC article, a supporting argument is provided by Dr Garman Harbottle, of the Brookhaven National Laboratory in NewYork, US, who collaborated with a team of archaeologists at the University of Science and Technology of China, in Anhui province in the discovery. Dr Harbottle points to the persistence of sign use at different sites along the Yellow River t hroughout the Neolithic and up to the Shāng period, when a complex writing system appears.[7]One group of sites of interest is the Dàwènkǒu culture sites (2800–2500 BCE, only one millennium earlier than the early Shāng culture sites, and positioned so as to be plausibly albeit indirectly ancestral to the Shāng). There, a few inscribed pottery and jade pieces have been found,[8] one of which combines pictorial elements (resembling, according to some, a sun, moon or clouds, and fire or a mountain) in a stack which brings to mind the compounding of elements in Chinese characters. Major scholars are divided in their interpretation of such inscribed symbols. Some, such as Yú Xǐngwú,[9] Táng Lán[10] and Lǐ Xuéqín,[11] have identified these with specific Chinese characters. Others such as Wang Ningsheng[12] interpret them as pictorial symbols such as clan insignia, rather than writing. But in the view of Wang Ningsheng, "True writing begins when it represents sounds and consists of symbols that are able to record language. The few isolatedfigures found on pottery still cannot substantiate this point."[13]火车发展史的英文介绍+汉译China Railway began in the late Qing Dynasty. However, the Qing government corruption, conservative, authoritarian, but regulation of ancestors from, refused to accept new things. They built railways, the application of steam as a "淫巧often associated with", that will repair the railway "I lost dangers, harm I Tin House, hindered my feng shui", which stubbornly refused to build the railway.July 3, 1876, from Britain, the United States of collusion by British agents in China - Jardines - ostensibly carrying the construction of the Qing government to Shanghai from Wusong an "unusual road," the land without permission in China China built the first business of the railway line is completed, the opening of the Shanghai Wusong the. Subsequently, the Qing government of the two silver 285000, at 3 times the redemption payment and the removal of the railway.1879, Westernization Group leader Li order to Tangshan Kaiping coal mine to Tianjin, Tangshan奏请to the construction of the railway Beitang. The Qing government to railwaylocomotive "smoke禾稼injury, vibration sleep hills," he decided to shorten the rail, only repair a section of the Tangshan Coal to Xu, Xu芦台Coal to inter-cut canal, connecting 蓟运河to achieve Beitang Haikou; sleep in order to avoid rolling hills shock decision by horse traction vehicles.However, using horse traction vehicles can not play should be the effectiveness of the railway, in 1881 the opening of the railway Tang Xu, the Chinese workers, then an engineer with the British payment of the several design drawings, the boiler and the mine shaft lifting frame the trough of the old iron and other materials, the success of a trial-type 0-3-0 steam locomotive. This is the history of China's first locomotive manufacturing.Another argument is that China's first train a Tang Xu then Chief Engineer of the British rail thin model with the wife of George Stevenson of the famous British-made steam "No. rocket" and caused by, and It is named "China's No. rocket." But the Chinese workers in locomotive engraved on both sides of the one-stop, so they call it "The Dragon" Train.Because photos can clearly see the Rocket of China (Chinese rockets) and long word mark, so future generations have been identified this is the first Chinese-made motorcycles. However, left over from the picture we can see that this locomotivedesign specifications, manufacturing well, how can and from the waste material to create a "monster", etc. view?In 2003, the British study of Chinese railway彼得克拉什Jindal found a "China No. rocket" group photo. By comparison, one can see this photo on the "China No. rocket" and the picture kept on "China's No. rockets" are obviously different: the chimney of a small locomotive and the rates high, a thick and short; locomotive both sides of the tank before a shoe-shaped block, a; driver's cab, a tag is the № 1, a circular marker is ... ... as a result of old age, lack of information, the first Chinese-made motorcycles mystery remains uncertain and can not be the truth.China Railway Museum a collection of Taiwan and China's oldest locomotive, since it has a great body of the "0" character, it is then it is referred to as the "0" Train. Research experts concluded that after the opening of the railway Tang Xu, "in 1882, and from the United Kingdom to purchase two small 0-2-0 type (only two pairs of drive wheels) locomotive (called 0), and to participate in running." Were considered to be China The first imports of a motorcycle.Since 1881, Tang Xu railway built in 1911 to the fall of the Qing government for 30 years, is the first stage of China'srailway. This stage, the Qing government and internally as a result of Westernization Group recommends that people with lofty ideals and promote the continuous, not only changing the construction of the railway will "lose my dangers, harm I Tin House, hindered my feng shui" of understanding, but accept the lessons of the war a failure and further strengthening the understanding of Haiphong to the "opening of the railway may be the remedy for the military" finally determine the policy of railway construction, the establishment of the railway company, began planning to build a railway. 30 years, China's 18 provinces and cities in the construction of the railway of kilometers. Some of these government-run railway, some commercial, some government officials and businessmenco-organized, there is a part of Sino-foreign joint, or simply repair is a foreigner.The wheel of history to enter the Republic of China, the railway construction has changed the situation. Interim government in Nanjing in the early days of its establishment with the Ministry of Communications, also has set up the Chinese Railway Association and China National Railway Company. In 1928 from the beginning of the ruling KMT government in Nanjing, in his long rule of more than 20 years, although the developmentof a large-scale development of the railway project and the Ministry of Railways had set up the national railway undertaking unified management, but does not build the railway. Lack of the national railway branch less dry conditions, poor people in the country decline, the case of years of war has not changed. In 1949, the Chinese locomotive may have the 4069 Statistics of Taiwan, respectively, from nine countries, more than 30 factories, as many as 198 kinds of motorcycle models, it is no wonder China is known as a "locomotive State Museum." According to the information available now, with imports from the United Kingdom in 1892 to create the Double, Bershire type (type than Shell) and other locomotive.翻译：中国有铁路始于清朝末期。
英语介绍手机
Symbian（塞班）
Symbian（中文名：塞班）是一个实时性、多任务的纯32位操作系统，具有功耗低、内 存占用少等特点，非常适合手机等移动设备使用，经过不断完善，但是虽然在智能型手 机市场取得了无比的成功，并长期居于首位，Symbian S60、Symbian3,UIQ等（尤其是 S60）系统近两年亦遭遇到显著的发展瓶颈。最近12个月欧洲手机公司诺基亚（Nokia） 在智能手机市场市占率的滑落是不争的事实。需要注意的是，并不是所有的Symbian系 统都是智能系统，比如S40系统，就不属于智能手机系统。
But
Mobile phones bring us benefits much? Or disadvantages? 手机带给我们的利处多？还是弊端多？
It is worthபைடு நூலகம்us to think about it！ 这真的值得我们思考一下！
We have been kidnapped(绑架)
支持厂商：中国台湾HTC、韩国三星电子、韩国LG、英国索尼爱立信、阿联酋imate，诺基亚与2011年初正式宣布与微软合作，将采用WM操作系统；目前各大山寨厂 商也同样生产着大量WM产品。
IOS（MAC OS）
iOS ios是（又称MAC OS）由苹果公司为iPhone开发的操作系统，它主要是给iPhone、
些十分成熟的标准，具有稳定的通话质量和合适的待机时间。在第二代中为了适应数据 通讯的需求，一些中间标准也在手机上得到支持，例如支持彩信业务的GPRS和上网业务 的WAP服务，以及各式各样的Java程序等。
3G 3G，是英文3rdGeneration的缩写，指第三代移动通信技术。相对第一代模拟制式
手机（1G）和第二代GSM、CDMA等数字手机（2G），第三代手机一般地讲，是指将无 线通信与国际互联网等多媒体通信结合的新一代移动通信系统。它能够处理图像、音乐、 视频流等多种媒体形式，提供包括网页浏览、电话会议、电子商务等多种信息服务。为 了提供这种服务，无线网络必须能够支持不同的数据传输速度，也就是说在室内、室外 和行车的环境中能够分别支持至少2Mbps、384kbps以及144kbps的传输速度。
智能手机发展史作文
智能手机发展史作文英文回答：The smartphone, a ubiquitous device in today's world, has undergone a remarkable evolution since its inception.Its roots can be traced back to the 1990s, with the adventof personal digital assistants (PDAs) like the Apple Newton and the Palm Pilot. These devices combined computing power with phone and address book functionality, laying the foundation for the smartphones that were to come.In 1994, IBM introduced the Simon Personal Communicator, widely regarded as the first true smartphone. It featured a touchscreen, cellular connectivity, email and fax capabilities, and could even run third-party apps. However, its high cost and limited functionality prevented it from gaining widespread adoption.The release of the BlackBerry smartphone in 1999 marked a significant milestone in the industry. With its focus onemail and messaging, the BlackBerry became a favorite among business professionals. It paved the way for the development of more consumer-oriented smartphones.The launch of the first iPhone in 2007 revolutionized the smartphone market. Its sleek design, intuitive user interface, and innovative features, such as the App Store, set new standards for the industry. The iPhone's success inspired a wave of Android-based smartphones from various manufacturers, further popularizing the concept of mobile computing.Over the years, smartphones have continued to evolve, becoming increasingly powerful and feature-rich. They now incorporate advanced cameras, GPS navigation, video recording, and a vast array of apps that cater to every conceivable need.The evolution of the smartphone has had a profound impact on society. It has facilitated seamless communication, enhanced productivity, and revolutionized entertainment. Today, the smartphone is an indispensabletool that has become an extension of our daily lives.中文回答：智能手机，作为当今世界无处不在的设备，自其诞生以来已经经历了非凡的演变。
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8900
Motorola
Motorola 8900 commonly known as the " brick", 80 time end begins to enter the Chinese market of mobile communication of the first generation of new mobile phone, can also be used for selfdefense. Though ugly in one's appearance, but it is the first lid type mobile phone. As the belt cover, in your pocket will not accidentally touched a key the starting signal Motorola Company and later, in the early 90's introduced a successor to the 8900 products in 9900, because of its small size, lightweight and durable, was the female whitecollar 's pet. But it and type 8900, the nickel cadmium battery, power is too small. Before 1995, has been leading the mobile phone fashion, the highest price ever amounted to 20000 yuan.
Nokia 3210
Nokia 8210
The first " 3-proof " ile phone
With the development of mobile phone fashion, "3-proof mobile phone " this concept also appears in the field of mobile phone, waterproof, dustproof, shockproof function makes this type of mobile phone by the majority of outdoor sports enthusiasts. 1999 Ericsson launched R250 PRO appearance let you first feel " be fearless " shock. After Ericsson also launched the second generation of 3proof mobile phone R310, also is the people commonly known as "the shark ", until now it is still in the secondary market to see inaccessibly " treasures ".
The first antenna monoblock mobile phone
The first antenna monoblock mobile phone is the Nokia 3210. In 1999, it appears that Nokia straight machine it is the domestic firm footing, but also for the 2000 Nokia 8210 huge success laid a solid foundation for the market.
The world's first mobile phone
—DynaTAC 8000X
October 13, 1983, Ameritech company executives Bob Barnett stopped his car at the Chicago Soldier Field outside the stadium, called the United States the first ever commercial mobile phone, its model DynaTAC 8000X is composed of Motorola production, weighs 2 pounds, talk time of half an hour, the sales price of $3995。
The Development Of Mobile Phone
Imperceptibly, mobile phone into our life has been more than 30 years. As people's living standards improve, mobile phone has gradually from the luxury, development up to now, has become very popular consumer electronic products. Review of mobile phone development process, whether from the appearance or function have turn the world upside down changes. Mobile phone development is also passed through a time change, before the formation of the now variety of shapes, a variety of functions, rather than a single communication tools.